Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "FAGE instrument"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "FAGE instrument":
1
Novelli, A., K. Hens, C. Tatum Ernest, D. Kubistin, E. Regelin, T. Elste, C. Plass-Dülmer, M. Martinez, J. Lelieveld e H. Harder. "Characterisation of an inlet pre-injector laser-induced fluorescence instrument for the measurement of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, n. 10 (8 ottobre 2014): 3413–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3413-2014.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. Atmospheric measurements of hydroxyl radicals (OH) are challenging due to a high reactivity and consequently low concentration. The importance of OH as an atmospheric oxidant has motivated a sustained effort leading to the development of a number of highly sensitive analytical techniques. Recent work has indicated that the laser-induced fluorescence of the OH molecules method based on the fluorescence assay by gas expansion technique (LIF-FAGE) for the measurement of atmospheric OH in some environments may be influenced by artificial OH generated within the instrument, and a chemical method to remove this interference was implemented in a LIF-FAGE system by Mao et al. (2012). While it is not clear whether other LIF-FAGE instruments suffer from the same interference, we have applied this method to our LIF-FAGE HORUS (Hydroxyl Radical Measurement Unit based on fluorescence Spectroscopy) system, and developed and deployed an inlet pre-injector (IPI) to determine the chemical zero level in the instrument via scavenging the ambient OH radical. We describe and characterise this technique in addition to its application at field sites in forested locations in Finland, Spain and Germany. Ambient measurements show that OH generated within the HORUS instrument is a non-negligible fraction of the total OH signal, which can comprise 30 to 80% during daytime and 60 to 100% during the night. The contribution of the background OH varied greatly between measurement sites and was likely related to the type and concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present at each particular location. Two inter-comparisons in contrasting environments between the HORUS instrument and two different chemical ionisation mass spectrometers (CIMS) are described to demonstrate the efficacy of IPI and the necessity of the chemical zeroing method for our LIF-FAGE instrument in such environments.
2
Chan, C. Y., T. M. Hard, A. A. Mehrabzadeh, L. A. George e R. J. O'Brien. "Third-generation FAGE instrument for tropospheric hydroxyl radical measurement". Journal of Geophysical Research 95, n. D11 (1990): 18569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jd095id11p18569.
3
Novelli, A., K. Hens, C. Tatum Ernest, D. Kubistin, E. Regelin, T. Elste, C. Plass-Dülmer, M. Martinez, J. Lelieveld e H. Harder. "Characterisation of an inlet pre-injector laser induced fluorescence instrument for the measurement of ambient hydroxyl radicals". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, n. 1 (28 gennaio 2014): 819–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-819-2014.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. Ambient measurements of hydroxyl radicals (OH) are challenging due to a high reactivity and consequently low concentration. The importance of OH as an atmospheric oxidant has resulted in a sustained effort leading to the development of a number of analytical techniques. Recent work has indicated that the laser-induced fluorescence of the OH molecules method based on the fluorescence assay by gas expansion technique (LIF-FAGE) for the measurement of atmospheric OH in some environments may be influenced by artificial OH generated within the instrument, and a chemical method to remove this interference was implemented in a LIF-FAGE system by Mao et al. (2012). We have applied this method to our LIF-FAGE HORUS (HydrOxyl Radical Measurement Unit based on fluorescence Spectroscopy) system, and developed and deployed an inlet pre-injector (IPI) to determine the chemical zero level in the instrument via scavenging the ambient OH radical. We describe and characterise this technique in addition to its application at field sites in forested locations in Finland, Spain, and Germany. Ambient measurements show that OH generated within the HORUS instrument is a non-negligible fraction of the total OH signal, which can comprise 30% to 80% during the day and 60% to 100% during the night. The contribution of the background OH varied greatly between measurement sites and was likely related to the type and concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present at each particular location. Two inter-comparisons in contrasting environments between the HORUS instrument and two different chemical ionisation mass spectrometers (CIMS) are described to demonstrate the efficacy of the inlet-pre-injector and the necessity of the chemical zeroing method in such environments.
4
Glowacki, D. R., A. Goddard, K. Hemavibool, T. L. Malkin, R. Commane, F. Anderson, W. J. Bloss et al. "Design of and initial results from a Highly Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry (HIRAC)". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, n. 20 (17 ottobre 2007): 5371–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5371-2007.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. The design of a Highly Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry (HIRAC) is described and initial results obtained from HIRAC are presented. The ability of HIRAC to perform in-situ laser-induced fluorescence detection of OH and HO2 radicals with the Fluorescence Assay by Gas Expansion (FAGE) technique establishes it as internationally unique for a chamber of its size and pressure/temperature variable capabilities. In addition to the FAGE technique, HIRAC features a suite of analytical instrumentation, including: a multipass FTIR system; a conventional gas chromatography (GC) instrument and a GC instrument for formaldehyde detection; NO/NO2, CO, O3, and H2O vapour analysers. Ray tracing simulations and NO2 actinometry have been utilized to develop a detailed model of the radiation field within HIRAC. Comparisons between the analysers and the FTIR coupled to HIRAC have been performed, and HIRAC has also been used to investigate pressure dependent kinetics of the chlorine atom reaction with ethene and the reaction of O3 and t-2-butene. The results obtained are in good agreement with literature recommendations and Master Chemical Mechanism predictions. HIRAC thereby offers a highly instrumented platform with the potential for: (1) high precision kinetics investigations over a range of atmospheric conditions; (2) detailed mechanism development, significantly enhanced according to its capability for measuring radicals; and (3) field instrument intercomparison, calibration, development, and investigations of instrument response at a range of atmospheric conditions.
5
Hansen, R. F., M. Blocquet, C. Schoemaecker, T. Léonardis, N. Locoge, C. Fittschen, B. Hanoune, P. S. Stevens, V. Sinha e S. Dusanter. "Intercomparison of the comparative reactivity method (CRM) and pump–probe technique for measuring total OH reactivity in an urban environment". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, n. 10 (14 ottobre 2015): 4243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-4243-2015.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. The investigation of hydroxyl radical (OH) chemistry during intensive field campaigns has led to the development of several techniques dedicated to ambient measurements of total OH reactivity, which is the inverse of the OH lifetime. Three techniques are currently used during field campaigns, including the total OH loss rate method, the pump–probe method, and the comparative reactivity method. However, no formal intercomparison of these techniques has been published so far, and there is a need to ensure that measurements of total OH reactivity are consistent among the different techniques. An intercomparison of two OH reactivity instruments, one based on the comparative reactivity method (CRM) and the other based on the pump–probe method, was performed in October 2012 in a NOx-rich environment, which is known to be challenging for the CRM technique. This study presents an extensive description of the two instruments, the CRM instrument from Mines Douai (MD-CRM) and the pump–probe instrument from the University of Lille (UL-FAGE), and highlights instrumental issues associated with the two techniques. It was found that the CRM instrument used in this study underestimates ambient OH reactivity by approximately 20 % due to the photolysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) inside the sampling reactor; this value is dependent on the position of the lamp within the reactor. However, this issue can easily be fixed, and the photolysis of VOCs was successfully reduced to a negligible level after this intercomparison campaign. The UL-FAGE instrument may also underestimate ambient OH reactivity due to the difficulty to accurately measure the instrumental zero. It was found that the measurements are likely biased by approximately 2 s-1, due to impurities in humid zero air. Two weeks of ambient sampling indicate that the measurements performed by the two OH reactivity instruments are in agreement, within the measurement uncertainties for each instrument, for NOx mixing ratios up to 100 ppbv. The CRM technique has hitherto mainly been used in low-NOx environments, i.e. environments with ambient NOx mixing ratios lower than a few ppbv, due to a measurement artifact generated by ambient NO inside the sampling reactor. However, this study shows that this technique can also be used under NOx-rich conditions if a NOx-dependent correction is carefully applied on the OH reactivity measurements. A full suite of 52 VOCs, NOx, and other inorganic species were monitored during this intercomparison. An investigation of the OH reactivity budget for this urban site suggests that this suite of trace gases can account for the measured total OH reactivity.
6
Hansen, R. F., M. Blocquet, C. Schoemaecker, T. Léonardis, N. Locoge, C. Fittschen, B. Hanoune, P. S. Stevens, V. Sinha e S. Dusanter. "Intercomparison of the comparative reactivity method (CRM) and pump-probe technique for measuring total OH reactivity in an urban environment". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, n. 6 (19 giugno 2015): 6119–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-6119-2015.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. The investigation of hydroxyl radical (OH) chemistry during intensive field campaigns has led to the development of several techniques dedicated to ambient measurements of total OH reactivity, which is the inverse of the OH lifetime. Three techniques are currently used during field campaigns, including the total OH loss rate method, the pump-probe method, and the comparative reactivity method. However, no formal intercomparison of these techniques has been published so far, and there is a need to ensure that measurements of total OH reactivity are consistent among the different techniques. An intercomparison of two OH reactivity instruments, one based on the Comparative Reactivity Method (CRM) and the other based on the pump-probe method, was performed in October 2012 in a NOx-rich environment, which is known to be challenging for the CRM technique. This study presents an extensive description of the two instruments, the CRM instrument from Mines Douai (MD-CRM) and the pump-probe instrument from the University of Lille (UL-FAGE), and highlights instrumental issues associated with the two techniques. It was found that the CRM instrument used in this study underestimates ambient OH reactivity by approximately 20 % due to the photolysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) inside the sampling reactor; this value is dependent on the position of the lamp within the reactor. However, this issue can easily be fixed, and the photolysis of VOCs was successfully reduced to a negligible level after this intercomparison campaign. The UL-FAGE instrument may also underestimate ambient OH reactivity due to the difficulty to accurately measure the instrumental zero. It was found that the measurements are likely biased by approximately 2 s−1, due to impurities in humid zero air. Two weeks of ambient sampling indicate that the measurements performed by the two OH reactivity instruments are in agreement, within the measurement uncertainties for each instrument, for NOx mixing ratios up to 100 ppbv. The CRM technique has hitherto mainly been used in low-NOx environments, i.e. environments with ambient NOx mixing ratios lower than a few ppbv, due to a measurement artifact generated by ambient NO inside the sampling reactor. However, this study shows that this technique can also be used under NOx-rich conditions if a NOx-dependent correction is carefully applied on the OH reactivity measurements. A full suite of 52 VOCs, NOx, and other inorganic species were monitored during this intercomparison. An investigation of the OH reactivity budget for this urban site suggests that this suite of trace gases can account for the measured total OH reactivity.
7
Glowacki, D. R., A. Goddard, K. Hemavibool, T. L. Malkin, R. Commane, F. Anderson, W. J. Bloss et al. "Design of and initial results from a highly instrumented reactor for atmospheric chemistry (HIRAC)". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, n. 4 (24 luglio 2007): 10687–742. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-10687-2007.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. The design of a Highly Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry (HIRAC) is described and initial results obtained from HIRAC are presented. The ability of HIRAC to perform in-situ laser-induced fluorescence detection of OH and HO2 radicals with the Fluorescence Assay by Gas Expansion (FAGE) technique establishes it as internationally unique for a chamber of its size and pressure/temperature variable capabilities. In addition to the FAGE technique, HIRAC features a suite of analytical instrumentation, including: a multipass FTIR system; a conventional gas chromatography (GC) instrument and a GC instrument for formaldehyde detection; and NO/NO2, CO, O3, and H2O vapour analysers. Ray tracing simulations and measurements of the blacklamp flux have been utilized to develop a detailed model of the radiation field within HIRAC. Comparisons between the analysers and the FTIR coupled to HIRAC have been performed, and HIRAC has also been used to investigate pressure dependent kinetics of the chlorine atom reaction with ethene and the reaction of O3 and t-2-butene. The results obtained are in good agreement with literature recommendations and Master Chemical Mechanism predictions. HIRAC thereby offers a highly instrumented platform with the potential for: (1) high precision kinetics investigations over a range of atmospheric conditions; (2) detailed mechanism development, significantly enhanced according to its capability for measuring radicals; and (3) field instrument intercomparison, calibration, development, and investigations of instrument response under a range of atmospheric conditions.
8
Winiberg, F. A. F., S. C. Smith, I. Bejan, C. A. Brumby, T. Ingham, T. L. Malkin, S. C. Orr, D. E. Heard e P. W. Seakins. "Pressure-dependent calibration of the OH and HO<sub>2</sub> channels of a FAGE HO<sub>x</sub> instrument using the Highly Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry (HIRAC)". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, n. 2 (3 febbraio 2015): 523–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-523-2015.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. The calibration of field instruments used to measure concentrations of OH and HO2 worldwide has traditionally relied on a single method utilising the photolysis of water vapour in air in a flow tube at atmospheric pressure. Here the calibration of two FAGE (fluorescence assay by gaseous expansion) apparatuses designed for HOx (OH and HO2) measurements have been investigated as a function of external pressure using two different laser systems. The conventional method of generating known concentrations of HOx from H2O vapour photolysis in a turbulent flow tube impinging just outside the FAGE sample inlet has been used to study instrument sensitivity as a function of internal fluorescence cell pressure (1.8–3.8 mbar). An increase in the calibration constants CHO and CHO2 with pressure was observed, and an empirical linear regression of the data was used to describe the trends, with ΔCHO = (17 ± 11) % and ΔCHO2 = (31.6 ± 4.4)% increase per millibar air (uncertainties quoted to 2σ). Presented here are the first direct measurements of the FAGE calibration constants as a function of external pressure (440–1000 mbar) in a controlled environment using the University of Leeds HIRAC chamber (Highly Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry). Two methods were used: the temporal decay of hydrocarbons for calibration of OH, and the kinetics of the second-order recombination of HO2 for HO2 calibrations. Over comparable conditions for the FAGE cell, the two alternative methods are in good agreement with the conventional method, with the average ratio of calibration factors (conventional : alternative) across the entire pressure range, COH(conv)/COH(alt) = 1.19 ± 0.26 and CHO2(conv)/CHO2(alt) = 0.96 ± 0.18 (2σ). These alternative calibration methods currently have comparable systematic uncertainties to the conventional method: ~ 28% and ~ 41% for the alternative OH and HO2 calibration methods respectively compared to 35% for the H2O vapour photolysis method; ways in which these can be reduced in the future are discussed. The good agreement between the very different methods of calibration leads to increased confidence in HOx field measurements and particularly in aircraft-based HOx measurements, where there are substantial variations in external pressure, and assumptions are made regarding loss rates on inlets as a function of pressure.
9
Winiberg, F. A. F., S. C. Smith, I. Bejan, C. A. Brumby, T. Ingham, T. L. Malkin, S. C. Orr, D. E. Heard e P. W. Seakins. "Pressure dependent calibration of the OH and HO<sub>x</sub> channels of a FAGE HO<sub>x</sub> instrument using the Highly Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry (HIRAC)". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, n. 7 (31 luglio 2014): 7963–8011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-7963-2014.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. The calibration of field instruments used to measure concentrations of OH and HO2 worldwide have traditionally relied on a single method utilising the photolysis of water vapour in air in a flow tube at atmospheric pressure. Here the calibration of two FAGE (Fluorescence Assay by Gaseous Expansion) apparatuses designed for HOx (OH and HO2) measurements have been investigated as a function of external pressure and temperature, using two different laser systems. The conventional method of generating known concentrations of HOx from H2O vapour photolysis in a turbulent flowtube impinging just outside the FAGE sample inlet has been used to study instrument sensitivity as a function of internal fluorescence cell pressure (1.8–3.8 mbar). An increase in the calibration constants COH and CHO2 with pressure was observed and an empirical linear regression of the data was used to describe the trends, with ΔCOH = (17 ± 11)% and ΔCHO2 = (31.6 ± 4.4)% increase per mbar air (uncertainties quoted to 2σ). Presented here are the first direct measurements of the FAGE calibration constants as a function of external pressure (440–1000 mbar) in a controlled environment using the University of Leeds HIRAC chamber (Highly Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry). Two methods were used: the temporal decay of hydrocarbons for calibration of OH, and the kinetics of the second-order recombination of HO2 for HO2 calibrations. Over comparable conditions for the FAGE cell, the two alternative methods are in good agreement with the conventional method, with the average ratio of calibration factors (conventional : alternative) across the entire pressure range COH(conv)/COH(alt) = 1.19 ± 0.26 and CHO2(conv)/CHO2(alt) = 0.96 ± 0.18 (2σ). These alternative calibration methods currently have comparable systematic uncertainties than the conventional method: ~28% and ~41% for the alternative OH and HO2 calibration methods respectively compared to 35% for the H2O vapour photolysis method; ways in which these can be reduced in the future are discussed. The good agreement between the very different methods of calibration leads to increased confidence in HOx field measurements and particularly in aircraft based HOx measurements, where there are substantial variations in external pressure, and assumptions are made regarding loss rates on inlets as a function of pressure.
10
Bottorff, Brandon, Emily Reidy, Levi Mielke, Sebastien Dusanter e Philip S. Stevens. "Development of a laser-photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence instrument for the detection of nitrous acid and hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, n. 9 (16 settembre 2021): 6039–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6039-2021.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. A new instrument for the measurement of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) and hydroxyl radicals (OH) has been developed using laser photofragmentation (LP) of HONO at 355 nm after expansion into a low-pressure cell, followed by resonant laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of the resulting OH radical fragment at 308 nm similar to the fluorescence assay by gas expansion technique (FAGE). The LP/LIF instrument is calibrated by determining the photofragmentation efficiency of HONO and calibrating the instrument sensitivity for detection of the OH fragment. In this method, a known concentration of OH from the photo-dissociation of water vapor is titrated with nitric oxide to produce a known concentration of HONO. Measurement of the concentration of the OH radical fragment relative to the concentration of HONO provides a measurement of the photofragmentation efficiency. The LP/LIF instrument has demonstrated a 1σ detection limit for HONO of 9 ppt for a 10 min integration time. Ambient measurements of HONO and OH from a forested environment and an urban setting are presented along with indoor measurements to demonstrate the performance of the instrument.
Tesi sul tema "FAGE instrument":
1
Al, Ajami Mohamad. "Caractérisation et déploiement d'un instrument FAGE pour l'étude des processus d'oxydation atmosphériques". Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R031/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Le radical hydroxyle, OH, le radical hydroperoxyle HO2 (HOx) et les radicaux peroxy RO2, jouent un rôle clé dans la chimie troposphérique et sont étroitement liés aux cycles chimiques qui contrôlent la concentration des gaz à effet de serre. Une quantification précise de ces trois radicaux importants sont nécessaires pour une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes chimiques de formation et consommation de ces radicaux dans l'atmosphère. Différents types d'instruments ont été développés et déployés pour quantifier les radicaux HOx sur le terrain tels que le FAGE (Fluorescence Assay by Gas Expansion). Cette technique représente la mesure directe de OH et la mesure indirecte des HO2 en ajoutant NO. Cependant, certains radicaux RO2 peuvent représenter des interférences potentielles pour les mesures de HO2. Pour UL-FAGE, l'efficacité de conversion de plusieurs RO2 en HO2 a été étudiée et il a été démontré que la variation de NO permet de détecter sélectivement HO2 et les RO2 à double liaison. Avec des FAGE similaires, des campagnes sur le terrain ont été menées dans des environnements biogéniques depuis dix ans . Ils ont mis en évidence des interférences non identifiées dans ces mesures. Dans notre laboratoire, nous avons utilisé notre instrument FAGE dans des conditions contrôlées pour rechercher l'origine de l'interférence et nous avons montré que ROOOH, produit de réactions radical-radical dans l'atmosphère, pouvait être responsable. Enfin, l'UL-FAGE dans les deux configurations (quantification et réactivité) a été déployé sur le terrain (LANDEX) en milieu forestier. Une partie de la campagne a été menée pour une comparaison entre les instruments UL-FAGE et LSCE-CRMThe hydroxyl radical, OH, the hydroperoxyl radical HO2 (known collectively as HOx) and peroxy radicals RO2, play a key role in the tropospheric chemistry and are intricately related to the chemical cycles that control the concentration of greenhouse gases. Accurate quantification of these three important radicals and investigations on the chemical mechanisms that control their formation and removal in the atmosphere are needed to develop a better understanding of the atmospheric chemistry mechanisms. Different types of instruments have been developed and deployed to quantify HOx radicals in the field such as the FAGE (Fluorescence Assay by Gas Expansion). This technique represents direct measurement of OH and indirect measurement of HO2 radicals by adding NO. However, some RO2 radicals can be potential interferences for HO2 measurements. For UL-FAGE, the conversion efficiency of various RO2 species to HO2 has been investigated and it has been shown that variation of NO allows to selectively detect HO2 and double bound RO2. With similar FAGE instruments, field campaigns have been carried out in remote biogenic environments in the last decade. They have highlighted unidentified interferences in these measurements. In our laboratory, we used our FAGE instrument in controlled conditions to investigate the origin of the interference and we have shown that ROOOH, product of radical-radical reactions in the atmosphere may be responsible. Finally, the UL-FAGE in both configurations (quantification and reactivity) was deployed to a field measurement (LANDEX) in forest environment. Part of the campaign was conducted to an intercomparison between UL-FAGE and LSCE-CRM instruments
2
Smith, Shona Cowan. "Atmospheric measurements of OH and HOâ‚‚ using the FAGE technique : instrument development and data analysis". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436016.
3
Shamas, Nesrine. "Understanding of atmospheric and indoor air chemistry through HOx radical measurements". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR057.
Abstract (sommario):
Les radicaux HOx (OH+HO2) et RO2 sont impliqués dans les processus d'oxydation en phase gazeuse, générant des produits secondaires ayant un impact sur la qualité de l'air et la santé humaine. La compréhension de ces processus d'oxydation par la quantification de ces radicaux reste un défi en raison de leurs faibles concentrations (< ppt) et de leur réactivité élevée. Il n'existe que quelques instruments dans le monde permettant d'effectuer de telles mesures, dont l'instrument de l'Université de Lille (UL-FAGE: ). Il est basé sur la détection par LIF (Laser Induced Fluorescence) de OH à basse pression. Il permet la mesure directe de OH et la mesure indirecte de HO2 par conversion chimique en OH après l'ajout d'une faible concentration de NO à l'entrée de la cellule FAGE. Au cours de cette thèse, l'instrument a été amélioré pour la quantification des radicaux RO2. Deux mesures complémentaires permettent d'accéder à la concentration de RO2, soit en utilisant la cellule HO2 et en injectant une concentration élevée de NO à l'entrée de la cellule de détection, soit en couplant un réacteur de conversion ROx à une cellule FAGE. Cette technique est basée sur la conversion chimique en deux étapes des radicaux RO2 en HO2 dans le réacteur de conversion couplé à une cellule FAGE. Nous pouvons également mesurer un autre paramètre en utilisant une cellule FAGE couplée à une cellule de photolyse : la réactivité d'OH (somme des pertes OH).L'instrument UL-FAGE a été amélioré et utilisé au cours de cette thèse pour des mesures en laboratoire (configuration de réactivité) afin d'étudier les mécanismes d'oxydation importants pour la chimie intérieure et extérieure impliquant les radicaux HOx. Au cours de l'été 2022, l'UL-FAGE a participé à une campagne d'intercomparaison RO2 qui s'est déroulée dans la chambre SAPHIR (Jülich, Allemagne). Neuf groupes utilisant différents instruments ont participé à cette campagne. Les performances des instruments UL-FAGE pour la mesure de OH, HO2 et RO2 dans une large gamme de conditions chimiques atmosphériques (tels que la vapeur d'eau, le niveau en oxydes d'azote, la présence de divers composés organiques, chimie de jour et de nuit) ont été étudiées au cours de cette campagne. Enfin, l'UL-FAGE en configuration de quantification et de réactivité a été déployé pour une campagne de terrain (ACROSS) dans la forêt de Rambouillet, avec des mesures de réactivité à deux hauteurs différentes (au sol et au-dessus de la canopée) et des mesures de concentrations en radicaux au solHOx (OH+HO2) and RO2 radicals are involved in oxidation processes in the gas phase, generating secondary products impacting the air quality and human health. Understanding these oxidation processes through the quantification of these radicals is still challenging because of their low concentrations (
4
Silva, Henriqueta Maria Timóteo Leitão. "Crenças face à conjugalidade e parentalidade na Ilha de S. Vicente - Cabo Verde". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/931.
Abstract (sommario):
Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia da Gravidez e da ParentalidadeUma intervenção mais eficaz ao nível da família pressupõe possuir informação adequada relativamente à população em causa. Em Cabo Verde, país do espaço lusófono, não existem estudos sobre conjugalidade e parentalidade. É premente o iniciar de um processo de recolha sistemática e cientifica de informação. Este trabalho constitui-se como uma primeira abordagem destas questões. A aquisição de conhecimento nesta área e a avaliação da pertinência dos dados obtidos é uma das principais metas a atingir. Estudo com um carácter exploratório sendo, num primeiro momento, descritivo e, num segundo, comparativo. Pretendeu-se descrever as crenças face à conjugalidade e parentalidade que jovens e adultos cabo-verdianos residentes na ilha de São Vicente possuem acerca da sociedade cabo-verdiana. Procurou-se compará-las em função do sexo, idade, habilitações literárias, profissão, estado civil, ter ou não filhos, religião e entre os grupos de sujeitos nascidos após ou antes da independência. Teve por base uma amostra não probabilística, de conveniência, constituída por 371 sujeitos com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 66 anos e média de 32 anos (67.7% do sexo feminino e 32.3% do masculino), de ambos os sexos, com diferentes níveis de escolaridade, profissões e confissões religiosas. Utilizou-se um protocolo de investigação constituído por um Questionário de Caracterização Sócio-Demográfica e um Questionário de Crenças face à Conjugalidade e Parentalidade com 41 itens tipo Likert. Este foi construído tendo em mente a cultura em estudo. A análise factorial efectuada permitiu a extracção de 11 factores, chegando-se a uma solução com 34 itens. Considerou-se esta fase como exploratória devendo o instrumento, em outro momento, ser refinado. Os resultados demonstraram que características individuais, aspectos económicos e exigências ecológicas determinam as crenças desenvolvidas face a alguns aspectos da conjugalidade e da parentalidade. Isto reforça a necessidade do delinear de programas de prevenção e intervenção adequados às construções da realidade prevalecentes nas comunidades.
5
Robalo, Susana Martins Maurício. "O mediador de conflitos: Ser e saber: A formação e a transformação do profissional face ao conflito". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/858.
Abstract (sommario):
Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia LegalEsta dissertação trata da transformação do profissional de mediação de conflitos para poder ser mediador, através duma cartografia das capacidades e das dificuldades sentidas por estes sujeitos, durante a sua aprendizagem. Era objectivo principal desta investigação, estudar como a formação em mediação de conflitos modifica o estilo de comunicação utilizado pelos indivíduos, na gestão de situações de conflito, designadamente ao nível da confrontação cara-a-cara com o outro, da exposição do próprio, da expressão de emoções, do seu conforto em tornar o seu comportamento privado em público e finalmente, da abordagem (aproximação ou retirada) ao conflito. O objectivo secundário era verificar se as variáveis dependentes seriam, de alguma forma, influenciadas por algumas das características sociais e profissionais dos sujeitos, como o género, a idade, a profissão e o contexto onde decorreu a formação. Procedeu-se à passagem de um inventário de gestão de conflitos, instrumento traduzido e adaptado do original Conflict Communication Scale, a 82 sujeitos de ambos os sexos (maioritariamente do sexo feminino), com idades compreendidas entre os 25 e os 54 anos, licenciados em Direito (54,9%) ou em Ciências Sociais ou Humanas e outras (45,1%), antes e depois de frequentarem uma formação em mediação de conflitos, com a duração de 130 horas, distribuídos por Coimbra (19), Porto (28), Faro (23) e Lisboa (12). Todas as sub-escalas apresentaram uma consistente subida nos seus valores, quando comparadas as respostas obtidas antes e depois da formação. Sendo esta subida resultado da frequência dos indivíduos na formação, com excepção para a sub-escala Confrontação. A sub-escala onde os indivíduos apresentaram valores, em média, mais elevados, foi na Confrontação (antes da formação), e na Expressão de emoções (depois da formação), seguindo-se-lhes a Exposição do próprio e por último, com resultados substancialmente mais baixos, as sub-escalas de Abordagem (aproximação vs. evitamento) ao conflito e Comportamento público/privado. Também em todas as sub-escalas, antes da formação e em grande maioria, depois da formação, verificou-se existir uma correlação positiva significativa, denotando uma dependência entre as sub-escalas utilizadas, tanto no pré-teste como no pós-teste, observando-se, no entanto, uma redução dos valores, alguns perdendo mesmo a significância, do primeiro para o segundo momento. Da análise em função das características sociográficas, verificaram-se diferenças significativas no género para sub-escala Abordagem ao conflito, antes da formação, com os elementos do sexo masculino a apresentarem valores superiores aos do sexo feminino; na idade, antes da formação, entre os grupos etários dos 25-28 anos e dos 32-37 anos, para a sub-escala Confrontação, com os indivíduos de mais idade a apresentarem resultados mais altos que os de menos idade e dos 29-31 anos e 38-54 anos, para a sub-escala Público/privado com os indivíduos de menor idade a apresentarem resultados superiores aos de maior idade; e na variável contexto da formação, para a sub-escala Público/privado entre os indivíduos a frequentar a formação em Coimbra, e após a frequência desta, quer com os que frequentaram no Porto, quer em Faro. Não se observaram quaisquer diferenças significativas entre os sujeitos de diferentes formações profissionais. Percebida que foi a importância de cada componente, através da formação, os valores passaram a assumir outra força, pressupondo-se uma transformação no olhar do profissional face ao conflito, bem como à maneira de conceber a sua relação com o outro, ou seja, a transformação pessoal necessária para se ser mediador de conflitos.
6
Miguel, Marta Cristina Trindade. "Prevalência de sem-abrigo ao longo da vida e atitudes face aos sem abrigo em Portugal". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/700.
Abstract (sommario):
Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia ComunitáriaO presente estudo resulta da colaboração do Núcleo de Psicologia Comunitária do Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada com o Research Group on Homelessness and Poverty (Wayne State University, Detroit, E.U.A.) numa investigação transnacional sobre a opinião pública acerca dos sem-abrigo e a prevalência da situação de sem-abrigo ao longo da vida. Pretende aceder à opinião pública portuguesa, isto é, às atitudes e conhecimentos, da população portuguesa sobre as pessoas sem-abrigo; estimar a prevalência de população que já esteve em situação de sem-abrigo em algum momento da sua vida; confirmar o modelo de atitudes identificado nos estudos de opinião pública realizados nos E.U.A. com a mesma metodologia; e identificar quais as características que podem distinguir a população com diferentes atitudes face aos sem-abrigo. O instrumento - "A Perspectiva da População sobre as Pessoas Sem-Abrigo: Estudo em Portugal" - foi aplicado por telefone a uma amostra da população portuguesa gerada aleatoriamente, e composta por um total de 200 pessoas contactadas para telefones fixos. A confirmação do Modelo de Atitudes revelou a existência dos seguintes factores de atitudes: Compaixão Geral, Restrições aos Direitos Públicos, Confiança nas Pessoas Sem-abrigo, Isolamento Social, Pessoas de Rua, Habitações/Serviços Necessários, Factores Económicos como Causa e Factores Pessoais como Causa. Constatou-se a influência de algumas características demográficas dos participantes sobre os factores de atitudes: a variável Sexo revelou efeito significativo sobre a Compaixão Geral e as Restrições aos Direitos Públicos; a Idade sobre a Confiança; o Grau de Escolaridade sobre a Confiança e o Isolamento Social; e o Rendimento Familiar sobre o Isolamento Social. A opinião pública revelou-se geralmente compreensiva face ao problema dos sem-abrigo, e relativamente bem informada em relação às pessoas em situação de sem-abrigo literal. A estimação da prevalência de sem-abrigo ao longo da vida revelou uma prevalência global de 6.5% e literal de 2%.
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Costa, José Carlos Carvalho. "Fafe e a alternativa florestal : a Floresta, um instrumento de revitalização dos espaços rurais marginais". Master's thesis, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/14746.
Abstract (sommario):
Equacionar a realidade de um recurso natural, como a floresta, numa trajectória física-ambiental, surge no trabalho como o centro da problemática num espaço rural como o Concelho de Fafe. Analisar o contexto fafense, com incidência em trabalho mais específico em 5 freguesias, surge neste estudo como a vertente prática da dissertação, centrando nesta, o que pensamos ser o verdadeiro contributo enquanto realidade fafense, já que aproveitando uma leitura "particular", cremos estar a contribuir para um maior conhecimento da floresta em Fafe, potenciando a sua futura proliferação. Enquanto recurso natural, a Floresta chama a si uma variadíssima funcionalidade, que convenientemente aproveitado permitirá um aproveitamento multifuncional e multidireccional.
8
Costa, José Carlos Carvalho. "Fafe e a alternativa florestal : a Floresta, um instrumento de revitalização dos espaços rurais marginais". Dissertação, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2000. http://aleph.letras.up.pt/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&request=000105732.
Abstract (sommario):
Equacionar a realidade de um recurso natural, como a floresta, numa trajectória física-ambiental, surge no trabalho como o centro da problemática num espaço rural como o Concelho de Fafe. Analisar o contexto fafense, com incidência em trabalho mais específico em 5 freguesias, surge neste estudo como a vertente prática da dissertação, centrando nesta, o que pensamos ser o verdadeiro contributo enquanto realidade fafense, já que aproveitando uma leitura "particular", cremos estar a contribuir para um maior conhecimento da floresta em Fafe, potenciando a sua futura proliferação. Enquanto recurso natural, a Floresta chama a si uma variadíssima funcionalidade, que convenientemente aproveitado permitirá um aproveitamento multifuncional e multidireccional.
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Soares, Guimarães Raquel. "La double fonction de la pause dans l'activité d'accueil en face a face : instrument de résolution de conflits et renovation du genre". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767414.
Abstract (sommario):
La recherche se développe dans une agence d'accueil au public. Les accueils sontréalisés en face à face et demandent de la part du travailleur des échanges discursifs quitraitent de la non-réalisation des services sollicités ou du non-respect des délais. La tension estexplicite. Faire face à ces situations de réclamation du public contre l'entreprise, légitimes ounon, fait que les réceptionnistes maintiennent un effort mental intense et prolongé.L'objectif général de la thèse est d'avancer un peu plus dans la singularité des sujets ensituation de travail et de contribuer à ce que les travailleurs puissent se développer ettransformer l'activité dans le but de diminuer les conflits dans l'accueil et, par conséquent,l'affection mentale.Nous cherchons donc une théorie et une pratique qui puissent mieux contribuer à révélerle sens des situations à partir de l'appréhension des expériences subjectives desréceptionnistes. Avec le concept d' " activité empêchée ", dans laquelle les conflitsintrasubjectifs se font présents, nous cherchons comme fil conducteur la clinique de l'activité.Dans ce processus, nous utilisons la méthode de l'auto-confrontation croisée, c'est-à-dire quepar le biais des discussions, des contradictions, dans des situations vécues dans le collectif, lestravailleurs pourraient parvenir à la reconstruction des sens de la propre activité.C'est à partir du terrain de travail, du matériel empirique recueilli dans les autoconfrontationssimples et croisées, qu'a surgi un " instrument " qui a joué le rôle de fil àdérouler : la pause au cours de la journée de travail. Et à partir de la pause, nous cherchons àparvenir aux conflits de l'activité et au possible développement des travailleurs dans l'activité.D'une manière générale, on peut dire que notre objectif est devenu une double questionde la fonction de la pause, d'un côté en tant qu'instrument de développement de l'activité, del'autre en tant qu'objet de reprise du travail à partir du collectif, pour la rénovation du genre.Dans ce problème apparemment simple se concentrent de fortes tensions de l'activité en faceà face, aussi bien individuelle (intrasubjective) que collective (intersubjective) de travail, quipeuvent révéler tout le potentiel de développement des travailleurs dans cette même activité.
10
Soares, Guimarães Raquel. "La double fonction de la pause dans l’activité d’accueil en face a face : instrument de résolution de conflits et renovation du genre". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CNAM0798/document.
Abstract (sommario):
La recherche se développe dans une agence d’accueil au public. Les accueils sontréalisés en face à face et demandent de la part du travailleur des échanges discursifs quitraitent de la non-réalisation des services sollicités ou du non-respect des délais. La tension estexplicite. Faire face à ces situations de réclamation du public contre l’entreprise, légitimes ounon, fait que les réceptionnistes maintiennent un effort mental intense et prolongé.L’objectif général de la thèse est d’avancer un peu plus dans la singularité des sujets ensituation de travail et de contribuer à ce que les travailleurs puissent se développer ettransformer l’activité dans le but de diminuer les conflits dans l’accueil et, par conséquent,l’affection mentale.Nous cherchons donc une théorie et une pratique qui puissent mieux contribuer à révélerle sens des situations à partir de l’appréhension des expériences subjectives desréceptionnistes. Avec le concept d’ « activité empêchée », dans laquelle les conflitsintrasubjectifs se font présents, nous cherchons comme fil conducteur la clinique de l’activité.Dans ce processus, nous utilisons la méthode de l’auto-confrontation croisée, c'est-à-dire quepar le biais des discussions, des contradictions, dans des situations vécues dans le collectif, lestravailleurs pourraient parvenir à la reconstruction des sens de la propre activité.C’est à partir du terrain de travail, du matériel empirique recueilli dans les autoconfrontationssimples et croisées, qu’a surgi un « instrument » qui a joué le rôle de fil àdérouler : la pause au cours de la journée de travail. Et à partir de la pause, nous cherchons àparvenir aux conflits de l’activité et au possible développement des travailleurs dans l’activité.D’une manière générale, on peut dire que notre objectif est devenu une double questionde la fonction de la pause, d’un côté en tant qu’instrument de développement de l’activité, del’autre en tant qu’objet de reprise du travail à partir du collectif, pour la rénovation du genre.Dans ce problème apparemment simple se concentrent de fortes tensions de l’activité en faceà face, aussi bien individuelle (intrasubjective) que collective (intersubjective) de travail, quipeuvent révéler tout le potentiel de développement des travailleurs dans cette même activitéThe research was developed at a client service agency. The services are carried outface to face and demand from the employee discursive exchanges dealing with the failure tocarry out the requested services or non compliance with deadlines. Tension is explicit.Dealing with situations of complaints from the public against the company, whether thesecomplaints are legitimate or not, makes the attendants exercise continuous and long mentalefforts.The general goal of this research is to advance further in the understanding of thesingularity of the subjects in a work situation and contribute for the workers to be able todevelop and transform the activity, aiming at reducing conflicts during service and, as aconsequence, reducing mental sickness.A theory and practice which may contribute to reveal the meaning of the situationsfrom the apprehension of the subjective experiences of the clerks is then sought. With theconcept of “prevented activity", in which intrasubjective conflicts are present, we search theclinic of the activity as a conducting line. In this process we utilize the method of cross selfconfrontation, that is, by means of the discussions and contradictions in situations experiencedcollectively, the workers might be able to reconstruct the meanings of the activity itself.It was from this work field, from the empirical material collected in the simple andcross self confrontations, that an “instrument” arose to serve as a yarn to be unfolded: Thebreak during the work. And from the break we attempt to get to the conflicts of the activityand to the possible development of the workers in the activity.In a general way, we can say that our objective became the double question of thefunction of the break, on the one hand an instrument of activity development, and on the otheran object of work restart from the collective for gender renewal. In this apparently simpleproblem, strong tensions from the face-to-face activity are concentrated, both individual(intrasubjective) and collective (intersubjective), which may reveal the whole potential ofdevelopment of the workers in this same activity
A pesquisa se desenvolve em uma agência de atendimento a clientes. Os atendimentos são realizados face a face e demandam do trabalhador trocas discursivas que tratam da não realização dos serviços solicitados ou do não cumprimento dos prazos. A tensão é explícita. Lidar com situações de reclamação do público contra a empresa, legítimas ou não, faz com que os atendentes mantenham um esforço mental intenso e prolongado. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é avançar um pouco mais na singularidade dos sujeitos em situação de trabalho e contribuir para que os trabalhadores possam se desenvolver e transformar a atividade com o intuito de diminuir os conflitos no atendimento e, conseqüentemente, o adoecimento mental. Buscamos, então, uma teoria e prática que melhor pudessem contribuir para revelar o sentido das situações a partir da apreensão das experiências subjetivas dos atendentes. Com o conceito de "atividade impedida", na qual os conflitos intrassubjetivos se fazem presentes, buscamos como fio condutor a clinica da atividade. Nesse processo, utilizamos o método de autoconfrontação cruzada, ou seja, por meio das discussões, das contradições, em situações vivenciadas no coletivo os trabalhadores poderiam chegar à reconstrução dos sentidos daprópria atividade. Foi a partir do campo de trabalho, do material empírico colhido nas autoconfrontações simples e cruzada, que surgiu um «instrumento» que serviu como um fio de novelo a ser desenrolado: a pausa durante a jornada de trabalho. E, a partir da pausa, buscamos chegar aos conflitos da atividade e ao possível desenvolvimento dos trabalhadores na atividade. De forma geral, pode-se dizer que nosso objetivo passou a ser a dupla questão da função da pausa, de um lado como instrumento de desenvolvimento da atividade, de outro como objeto de retomada do trabalho a partir do coletivo para renovação do gênero. Nesse problema aparentemente simples concentram-se fortes tensões da atividade face a face, tanto individual (intrassubjetivas), quanto coletiva (intersubjetivas) de trabalho, que podem revelar todo o potencial de desenvolvimento dos trabalhadores nessa mesma atividade
Libri sul tema "FAGE instrument":
1
Haine, Malou. Les facteurs d'instruments de musique à Paris au XIXe siècle: Des artisans face à l'industrialisation. Bruxelles, Belgique: Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles, 1985.
2
N, Emde Robert, Osofsky Joy D e Butterfield Perry M. 1932-, a cura di. The IFEEL pictures: A new instrument for interpreting emotions. Madison, Conn: International Universities Press, 1993.
3
Günther, Schlag, Bösch P. 1946- e Matras H. 1934-, a cura di. Orthopedic surgery, maxillofacial surgery. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1994.
4
Abdaimi, Mohamed El. Le système de financement marocain face au problème de l'endettement: Pour une meilleure intégration des instruments de mobilisation du potentiel financier. Casablanca: Afrique orient, 1989.
5
House, United States Congress. A bill to amend part B of title XVIII of the Social Security Act to make a technical correction to ensure that all physicians, as defined for purposes of the Medicare program, are permitted to perform required face-to-face examinations and prescribe Medicare covered durable medical equipment, prosthetics, orthotics, and supplies. Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.
6
Tundaleva, Irina. Sanitation and hygiene of hairdressing services. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/979063.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of the tutorial is to highlight the specifics of sanitary and hygienic requirements for the work of hairdressers and their employees. The specific features of the applied technologies for disinfection of instruments are described. Issues related to the need to comply with sanitary and hygienic standards are highlighted.
The section of Microbiology related to the field of hairdressing services is considered. The topics of preventing the spread of infectious diseases are covered in detail, and the types of skin diseases are described. A separate section is devoted to competent care of the scalp and hair, face skin, nails.
Meets the requirements for the profession of a hairdresser in accordance with the Federal state educational standard of secondary professional education of the last generation in the specialty 43.02.13 "technology of hairdressing".
For students who receive secondary special education in hairdressing specialties.
7
Dewey, Jennifer. Faces only a mother could love. Honesdale, Pa: Boyds Mills Press, 1996.
8
Golden, Christie. Instrument of Fate. Ace Books, 1996.
9
Hart, Moss, e Irving Berlin. Face the Music. Leonard Corporation, Hal, 2008.
10
Metheny, Pat. The Pat Metheny real book: B♭ instruments. 2018.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "FAGE instrument":
1
Isaïa, Marie-Céline. "Face à face. Le modèle des saints dans l’hagiographie latine du haut Moyen Âge". In Instrumenta Patristica et Mediaevalia, 637–54. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.ipm-eb.5.114542.
2
Gryson, Roger. "Haymon d’Auxerre face aux variantes du texte d’Isaïe". In Instrumenta Patristica et Mediaevalia, 459–71. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.ipm-eb.5.112013.
3
Tool, Marc R. "Instrumental Policy". In Value Theory and Economic Progress: The Institutional Economics of J. Fagg Foster, 185–213. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3998-4_9.
4
Suzuki, Wataru, Masako Ishikawa e Neomy Storch. "Chapter 6. Verbally mediated data". In Research Methods in the Study of L2 Writing Processes, 123–40. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rmal.5.06suz.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter focuses on written verbalizations (e.g., written languaging, valid written explanations, diaries, written reflections) and discusses their possible roles as data collection instruments for the study of writing processes. We first describe general procedures for collecting written verbalizations and then critically analyze (a) the type of research questions researchers can ask and answer by using written verbalizations; (b) methodological challenges researchers face and the possible solutions to circumvent those challenges; and (c) how L2 researchers can best elicit written verbalizations in L2 research. We conclude by suggesting four practical tips to researchers who wish to use written verbalizations as a data collection instrument in the study of writing processes.
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Courtray, Régis. "Les Pères latins face aux mots hébreux et araméens non traduits : alleluia, amen, hosanna, maranatha". In Instrumenta Patristica et Mediaevalia, 327–47. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.ipm-eb.5.114523.
6
Boije, Robert, e Jonas Fischer. "The Swedish Budget ‘Model’: A Genuine Beauty or in Need of a Face Lift?" In Policy Instruments for Sound Fiscal Policies, 291–319. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230271791_14.
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Tool, Marc R. "The Instrumental Theory of Value". In Value Theory and Economic Progress: The Institutional Economics of J. Fagg Foster, 63–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3998-4_4.
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Bressers, Hans, Nanny Bressers e Stefan Kuks. "Strategies and Instruments to Face Drought and Water Scarcity". In Facing Hydrometeorological Extreme Events, 203–18. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119383567.ch14.
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Elsener, Bernhard, Tiziana Lombardo, Federica Cocco, Marzia Fantauzzi, Marie Wörle e Antonella Rossi. "Breathing New Life into Historical Instruments. How to Monitor Corrosion". In Musikforschung der Hochschule der Künste Bern, 61–72. Schliengen: Edition Argus, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26045/kp64-6179-005.
Abstract (sommario):
‘To play or to display’ is the dilemma that museums have to face, given the increasing trend towards historically informed performance. Brass instruments can suffer corrosion both during and after playing due to the high humidity inside them. To forestall or at least reduce corrosion, drying with a fan has been chosen as a preventive measure. The state of corrosion inside the tuning slides of the instruments was determined with a specially developed electrochemical sensor. The results of the project show that drying with a fan indeed reduces ongoing corrosion, when compared to a group of instruments played without preventive measures that showed an increasing corrosion rate over time.
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Deaconu, Stefan Marius, Roland Olah e Cezar Mihai Haj. "Assessing Students’ Perspective on Teaching and Learning. The Case of National Students’ Surveys". In European Higher Education Area: Challenges for a New Decade, 341–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56316-5_22.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract In the last decade, the Bologna Process has underlined many times the need for Student-Centred Learning (SCL), Innovation in Learning and Teaching, providing support to learners and removing obstacles that students face in order to fulfil their potential. As SCL is still at the core of the Bologna Process, the instruments which are meant to record the students’ perspective are very important. However, we consider that there is a deficit regarding the needed research that would lead to efficient ways of delivering positive outcomes for the entire academic community. In that sense, this paper will focus on how national student surveys have been developed in several countries, as there are some reasons to consider this instrument as one of the most efficient, especially in consolidating and developing learning and teaching. The paper will take into consideration three examples from the European Higher Education Area: the National Student Survey (United Kingdom), Studiebarometeret (Norway) and the National Sociological Research about Students’ Satisfaction (Romania) and will approach aspects such as the structures and stakeholders which are involved in developing and coordinating the process, the subjects tackled by these questionnaires, why and how they were selected. Our study provides an insight regarding the usefulness of a national student survey for the future development of European Higher Education Area. It also shows the potential relevance of these questionnaires for the Bologna Process. The paper will also present how these instruments have evolved across time and how they were received by the public opinion. We will draw a set of conclusions starting from examined good practices and the literature review. As a result of this paper, we consider that a national students’ survey represents one of the most useful tools for HE stakeholders in order to assess the quality of learning and teaching.
Atti di convegni sul tema "FAGE instrument":
1
Wang, Yihui, Renzhi Hu, Pinhua Xie, Hao Chen, Fengyang Wang, Zhiyan Li e Huawei Jin. "The Measurement of HO2 by A FAGE Instrument". In Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fts.2018.jt2a.16.
2
Chen, Wei, Tongfeng Sun, Xiaodong Yang e Li Wang. "Face detection based on half face-template". In Instruments (ICEMI). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemi.2009.5274642.
3
Ye Changming, Jianguo Jiang, Shu Zhan, Zhang Zhihua e Shigeru Ando. "Face recognition with 3D real-time face imaging system based on LOGMAP". In Instruments (ICEMI). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemi.2011.6037927.
4
Kochhann, Renata, Maila Holz, Maximiliano Wilson e Rochele Fonseca. "DEVELOPMENT A SCREENING TEST OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONALITY IN HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS". In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda054.
Abstract (sommario):
Background: There is only one instrument to assess functionality directly to the patients in Brazil (Directed Assessment Functional Status revised). However, this instrument is impractical for fast, outpatient and hospital contexts. We need to count with a brief and direct assessment of functionality due to the increasement of elders living alone. Objective: To develop and validate a screening test of direct functionality in healthy older adults. Method: The creation of the cognitive functionality instrument it was made carried out based on the literature review of the existing tests, ecological instruments, scales to assess functionality. We created 7 ecological tasks to evaluate the performance of daily complex activities with the patient. The tasks involve orientation, shopping skills, memorization, information recognition, planning and, problem solving. Results: The pilot version have twice as many stimuli than those of the final version. To study face and conceptual validity of the new instrument, we recruit 8 expert judges (2 neurologists, 2 neuropsychologists, 2 speech therapists, 2 occupational therapists) and they had 96.5% agreement. Conclusions: The task with the least agreement was the planning and problem solving. The next steps will be to evaluate convergent validity and internal consistency. The new instrument is expected to help assess the functionality of older adults mainly in contexts that requests a brief and fast evaluation and with elders who live alone. Keywords: functionality, elderly, instrument, development.
5
Xiang, Guishan. "Robust face tracking based on bayesian probability". In Instruments (ICEMI). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemi.2009.5274142.
6
Sterritt, L. W., T. C. James, J. B. Kumer, A. E. Roche, B. C. Steakley e K. M. Zickuhr. "Radiometric Calibration of the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) on UARS". In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1990.md23.
Abstract (sommario):
The Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) will derive stratospheric temperatures and constituent number densities from the measurement of infrared spectral emissions, during its 18 month mission on board the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). An experiment overview of the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) is given by Roche and Kumer (ref. 1); an instrument overview is given by Burriesci, Naes, Springer, and Steakley (ref.2). This paper addresses the radiometric calibration of the CLAES. An extended area full aperture blackbody simulator (graybody) mounted on the instrument aperture door has been used for laboratory calibration, and will be used for repeated calibrations in orbit. The advantages of full aperture calibration sources are well understood; complete end-to-end calibration is provided, and the calibration accuracy is not limited by uncertainty in knowledge of the source position. The CLAES calibration source (fig. 1) is a 22.15 cm diameter anodized aluminum plate with concentric circular "γ" grooves to provide enhanced emissivity. The source is mounted on the CLAES aperture door with 4 fiberglass insulating supports. The perimeter and back of the calibration source are enclosed in an aluminum shield containing multilayer insulation (MLI). For laboratory calibration the source is heated with strips of heating "tape" on the back face. In orbit the source will be heated "passively" while the door is open, by exposure to radiation from the earth. Calibration source temperature is measured with an array of platinum resistance thermometers on the rear face of the source. During calibration intervals, the door will be closed and calibration data will be obtained over a range of temperature as the source cools to the internal radiative ambient of the cryogenic telescope (baffle temperature ≈ 130K). CLAES calibration goals for accuracy and precision are ≈3%; of particular concern is stability (repeatability) of the calibration source over a nominal 1.5 year mission. The primary sources of uncertainty in the instrument calibration are the knowledge of the source apparent emissivity, Δϵ, the thermometry error, ΔT, the uncertainty in wavelength to which the instrument is tuned, Δλ, and the uncertainty of the instruments spectral bandpass, Δδe. These items will be discussed below.
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Sasmoko, Yasinta Indrianti e Davy Ronald Hermanus. "Developing Instrument for Teacher Wellbeing Face Recognition Application". In 2023 10th International Conference on ICT for Smart Society (ICISS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciss59129.2023.10291992.
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Zheng, Yufeng. "An integrated multispectral face recognition system". In International Conference on Optical Instruments and Technology (OIT2013), a cura di Yongtian Wang, Xiaocong Yuan, Yunlong Sheng e Kimio Tatsuno. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2036243.
9
Santos, Angela Moulin Penalva, e Pedro Henrique Ramos Prado Vasques. "Property tax as urban planning instrument in large cities: the Brazilian experience". In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8159.
Abstract (sommario):
There is an ongoing process of increasing urbanization of the world population with socio-spatial polarization in large cities. Such population density increases the competition for urban land, arousing crescent ground rent generation from the central areas, where there is greater availability of urban infrastructure. The outcome of this process has been an extensive growth of these cities, generating costs for the low-income population, forced to take longer trips to get to work centers. It is also represents a cost increment for public administration, responsible for the expansion of urban infrastructure networks. One among the various instruments to face these costs is the urban real estate taxation, which can also fulfill an extra fiscal function, when used to regulate land use.
In this article, we aim to analyze urban policy in Brazil regarding the use of the property taxation instrument, arguing its effectiveness in controlling land use. This was an important innovation introduced by the 1988 Federal Constitution and it is associated with private property defense as long as it fulfills its social function. Under these conditions, the main tax levied on real estate assets in Brazil, the Urban Building and Land Tax (IPTU), would be used as an urban policy instrument by foreseeing the possibility of using different rates according to the land's condition (built or not), its destination (residential or commercial), and also predicting progressive rates for properties that do not comply with the social function. Our study takes as reference municipalities with population over 200,000 inhabitants.
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Peña Marín, Gustavo Adolfo, Erika Jorlay Torres Pérez e Carlos Andrés Quintero Díaz. "Estado de la inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad en entornos manufactureros". In Encuentro de investigación formativa en Diseño – Semilleros y Grupos de investigación RAD 2018. Cali, Colombia: Red Académica de Diseño - RAD, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53972/rad.eifd.2018.1.23.
Abstract (sommario):
La presente ponencia es el resultado de la primera fase de investigación del proyecto denominado “Aplicación de sistemas electrónicos modulares como alternativa en el diseño de tecnologías asistivas para la inclusión de personas en condición de discapacidad física en actividades de manufactura (caso en empresa local), la cual consiste en el diagnóstico de la situación laboral de las personas en condición de discapacidad actualmente el área metropolitana centro occidente de la ciudad de Pereira, en relación a los múltiples factores que intervienen en los datos y apreciaciones que sobre esta problemática existe a nivel local. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación ha sido usado el método ERTDM “Empirical Research Through Design Method (Método de Investigación empírica a través del Diseño). Los instrumentos utilizados parten de la indagación y comparación de cifras oficiales, y procesos de abordaje cualitativo como entrevistas que permitieron la consolidación de un marco de referencia desde el cual analizar la problemática de la inclusión laboral de personas en condición de discapacidad, para posteriormente iniciar con una fase proyectual que permita el desarrollo de un instrumento de investigación representado en un artefacto para medir las posibilidades de implementación de esta tecnología en entornos manufactureros locales.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "FAGE instrument":
1
Touré, Mustapha, e Thomas G. Poder. Mesure des années de vie ajustées par la qualité de vie globale au Québec : le 13-MD. CIRANO, agosto 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/sxao9819.
Abstract (sommario):
La demande croissante à laquelle font face les systèmes de santé combinée à la rareté des ressources disponibles rend impératif leur optimisation pour effectuer des choix éclairés. Le concept d’année de vie ajustée par la qualité (AVAQ) s’inscrit dans ce cadre et utilise des instruments de mesure de qualité de vie reliée à la santé (QVRS), parmi lesquels des instruments génériques. Cependant, de nombreuses différences peuvent être observées entre ces instruments. Le constat général est que quasiment tous les instruments génériques contiennent une ou plusieurs dimensions liées à la santé physique (p. ex. incapacité, inconfort, douleur) au détriment d'autres dimensions d’ordre mentales ou sociales. Afin de pallier cette limite, un nouvel instrument a été créé, son but étant d’être plus complet et plus équilibré dans la mesure de la qualité de vie reliée à la santé globale (QVRS-G). Ce rapport présente les étapes clés de la création de cet instrument ainsi que les résultats obtenus dans la mesure de la QVRS-G des québécois au printemps 2021. Ainsi un nouvel outil générique, le 13-MD, composé de 33 items avec 5 à 7 niveaux chacun a été mis sur pieds. La création d’un value set permettant la conversion des états de santé en scores d’utilité permettra son utilisation dans les analyses coût-utilité.
2
Engel, Wanda. What Challenges do Poverty Reduction Strategies Face? Inter-American Development Bank, dicembre 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006652.
Abstract (sommario):
This presentation was commissioned by the Poverty Reduction and Social Protection Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the VI Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on December 9th and 10th, 2003. Why reduce poverty? Social, economic, political and ethical questions. What is Poverty? Basic concepts: poverty, inequality, exclusion and vulnerability Who are the poor? Poverty indicators,base lines, measurement. Poverty profiles as instrument for design and focalization of programs. Family information Systems (Registro Único).
3
Perez, Diego, Juan Carlos Moreno, Edgar Eslava e Armando Solano. Herramientas filosóficas para una cultura tecnológica. (Fase 1: Epistemes). Escuela Tecnológica Instituto Técnico Central, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55411/2023.32.
Abstract (sommario):
La investigación llevará a cabo una lectura crítica a los discursos que subyacen a las corrientes pedagógicas contemporáneas, y desde allí, una vez sus alcances y límites hayan sido claramente señalados, propondrá un marco de acción para la construcción de modelos, políticas y prácticas pedagógicas que combinen los recursos de un sofisticado análisis filosófico con una mirada sensible a las realidades de las comunidades en que dichos modelos, políticas y prácticas se instauran. Tal es el sentido de las "herramientas filosóficas," instrumentos conceptuales usados para la comprensión, análisis, crítica y planteamiento de miradas rnultidisciplinares sobre los discursos educativos en tanto dispositivos para la construcción de ciudadanía, en particular de una permeada de manera irrevocable por la tecnología, de allí el asunto de la cultura tecnológica."
4
Shi, Leiyu, Diana M. Pinto e Frederico C. Guanais. Measurement of Primary Care: Report on the Johns Hopkins Primary Care Assessment Tool. Inter-American Development Bank, marzo 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009098.
Abstract (sommario):
Renewed interest in the Primary Health Care-PHC agenda is a common element of the majority of recent health system reforms throughout Latin America and the Caribbean-LAC. Strengthening of PHC has been recognized as a promising solution to address the major challenges the Region's health systems face. As governments are making substantive long term investments in PHC oriented healthcare reforms, there is a requirement for accountability and increased transparency and reporting on the results of these initiatives. As a consequence, implementation of PHC strategies needs to be accompanied with mechanisms to collect data that will allow assessment of the extent to which primary care processes are being implemented and on their impact of quality, efficiency, cost, equity and consumer satisfaction. The Johns Hopkins Primary Care Assessment Tool or PCAT is amongst the instruments currently available to assess performance of PHC in several dimensions and from the perspective of users, practitioners, and systems. The purpose of this technical document is to provide a description of this instrument including its composition, measurement, functions, uses, and requirements to deploy the tool in practical applications and to discuss the challenges and opportunities to use the tool in the context of the LAC Region.
5
Westley, Glenn D. Bancos comerciales en microfinanzas: Mejores prácticas y directrices para el diseño, seguimiento y evaluación de proyectos. Inter-American Development Bank, giugno 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009780.
Abstract (sommario):
Este documento pretende proporcionar orientación al personal del BID sobre cómo preparar proyectos de downscaling, desde la fase de diseño hasta la fase de seguimiento y evaluación, utilizando cualquiera de los diversos instrumentos para proyectos del BID. Dada la importancia del compromiso de los bancos, el documento también hace hincapié en elegir bancos comprometidos a ofrecer servicios microfinancieros y en estructurar los proyectos de manera que se asegure este compromiso. Se discute justificación para la intervención de donantes o gobiernos y el diseño de los proyectos de downscaling en el BID.
6
Banga, Karishma, e Alexander Beyleveld. Are Trade Rules Undermining Taxation of the Digital Economy in Africa? Institute of Development Studies, marzo 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.013.
Abstract (sommario):
In the face of emerging and new digital business models, countries are facing a political and technical choice of adapting the existing taxation instruments of corporate income tax (CIT) and value added tax (VAT) or creating new ones, such as digital services taxes (DSTs) and customs duties on electronic transmissions (CDETs). Countries have the potential to tax the digital economy through a combination of at least these four measures, which can be incorporated into their industrial policy and revenue collection strategies
7
Pereira, Danilo de Assis, e Maria Helena Senger. Questionário sobre conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas de professores sobre transtorno do espectro autista – CAP-TEA. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde, settembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/ripucsp/32279.
Abstract (sommario):
Desenvolvimento de um questionário para avaliar os conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas de professores do ensino básico sobre o transtorno do espectro autista (TEA). O questionário oferece aos pesquisadores as informações necessárias para planejar a capacitação dos professores para a prática em sala de aula, visando a inclusão de crianças portadoras de TEA. Acompanha estudo metodológico com o objetivo de validar o conteúdo e a semântica do questionário de acordo com o modelo psicométrico proposto por Pasquali. Na primeira etapa foi realizada revisão de escopo da literatura e formulação dos itens. Na segunda, a seleção dos juízes e a validação de face e conteúdo por meio do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC). Na terceira etapa, foram sintetizadas as revisões dos juízes, a estruturação do instrumento e a avaliação das suas propriedades psicométricas (validação de conteúdo e de semântica). Foi elaborado e validado um instrumento de 22 itens divididos em conhecimento, atitude e prática.
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García Salamanca, Angela Viviana, Gabriela Diaz-Muñoz Ihmaidan e Ciro Alfonso Rojas Gómez. Riesgo psicosocial en tecnólogos en radiología. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia - UNAD, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecisa.4763.
Abstract (sommario):
Los resultados parciales que se presentan a continuación son producto de un proyecto de investigación que tiene como objetivo Identificar la relación entre las condiciones de la organización del trabajo y la carga de enfermedad de los trabajadores de la salud expuestos a radiaciones ionizantes. Su diseño metodológico es de tipo cualitativo, con enfoque descriptivo, el tipo de muestreo es no probabilístico por conveniencia, las técnicas e instrumentos de generación de información se encuentran articuladas a cada una de las fases del proyecto a ejecutar, las cuales son: primera fase, caracterización de condiciones del trabajo, segunda fase, descripción a exposición a radiaciones ionizantes y tercera fase, comprensión de relación causal entre las condiciones del trabajo y la carga de enfermedad de trabajadores expuestos a radiaciones ionizantes. Los resultados que se presentan son la caracterización sociodemográfica, niveles de riesgo según las características de riesgo psicosocial.
9
Srinivasan, Madhumitha. Climate Finance in India 2023. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/cfi11.2023.
Abstract (sommario):
This report takes stock of the current climate finance landscape in India, along with the estimated financing requirements, enabling conditions and macro policy instruments to achieve national 1.5oC and 2oC goals. Climate change will negatively affect India’s economy leading to annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) loss of 3 per cent to 10 per cent by 2100 (Kompas et al., 2018; RBI, 2023). In a business-as-usual scenario, India is estimated to face GDP per capita loss of 2.6 per cent, 6.7 per cent and 16.9 per cent in 2030, 2050, and 2100 respectively (Kahn, 2019).
10
Latané, Annah, Jean-Michel Voisard e Alice Olive Brower. Les réseaux de producteurs du Sénégal font face à la COVID-19. RTI Press, settembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rr.0045.2106.fr.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette étude a tiré parti d’une infrastructure d’encadrement et de collecte de données et de relations préalables légué par le projet Feed the Future Sénégal Naatal Mbay (« agriculture florissante »), financé par l’Agence des États-Unis pour le développement international (USAID) et mis en œuvre par RTI International entre 2015 et 2019. Réalisée en 2020, la recherche a intégré des organisations de producteurs pour qu’elles puissent suivre les ménages ruraux membres de leurs réseaux alors qu’ils faisaient face à la pandémie de COVID-19 et tentaient de réagir à ce choc. Les organisations de producteurs, avec le soutien de RTI et de la société-conseil locale STATINFO, ont réalisé une enquête sur un échantillon de 800 ménages agricoles membres de quatre organisations de producteurs soutenus par Naatal Mbay, réalisée en deux passages successifs, en août et octobre 2020. Des groupes de discussion ont été menés avec les responsables des réseaux, ainsi qu’une collecte de données a posteriori ont permis de contextualiser l’expérience face au choc de la COVID-19 et de valider les conclusions. Les conclusions ont montré que les producteurs étaient déjà aux prises des effets des faibles précipitations de la saison de production de 2019 et que la COVID-19 a aggravé ce premier choc du fait des perturbations des communications et des interdictions de déplacements entre les régions, créant ainsi des pénuries alimentaires et exerçant ainsi une pression sur l’utilisation des stocks de semences à des fins alimentaires. Les effets de l’insécurité alimentaire, mesurés par le biais de l’échelle d’accès d’insécurité alimentaire des ménages, se sont avérés être plus importants pour les ménages de Casamance que pour ceux des régions de Kaolack et de Kaffrine. Les conclusions ont également indiqué que les réseaux de producteurs ont déployé une intervention coordonnée incluant aide alimentaire et accès à des équipements de protection individuelle, distribution de semences de légumes et de céréales à cycle court (par exemple, le niébé et le maïs) et des semences adaptées au jardinage, mesures de protection pour les semences de céréales de l’année suivante et innovations financières avec les banques pour sécuriser les crédits. On s’attend à ce que les stocks d’alimentation soient reconstitués au début de la récolte en octobre 2020 et les réseaux prévoient d’accélérer la multiplication des semences, de diversifier les cultures au-delà des céréales, d’améliorer la communication au sein des réseaux et de généraliser l’accès aux instruments financiers au cours de la saison 2021. Les études ont indiqué que le projet antérieur financé par l’USAID est susceptible d'avoir contribué aux capacités de résilience des réseaux en renforçant le capital social et en encourageant le recours à des technologies et outils nouveaux au cours de ses années de fonctionnement.