Tesi: "Factory and trade waste Environmental aspects"

1

Pramanik, Amit. "Evaluation of organic and hydraulic loading on the performance of a roughing trickling filter tower using sessil media to treat a high strength industrial wastewater". Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10102009-020133/.

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2

Kamaludeen, Sara Parwin Banu. "Biotic-abiotic transformations of chromium in long-term tannery waste contaminated soils : implications to remediation". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk15.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 166-180. Determines the effect of chromium on the soil microbial community and its activity, the biotic-abiotic mechanisms involved in chromium oxidation, and phytostabilization of chromium using plants and organic amendment in tannery-waste contaminated soil.

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3

Chiu, Chen. "Anaerobic digestion of baker's yeast wastewater using a UASB reactor and a hybrid UASB reactor". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29589.

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The start-up and step-up operation of two 16-liter, continuously operated, upflow anaerobic reactors receiving baker's yeast wastewater is presented in this thesis. The two reactors (A and B) were almost identical in construction. Reactor A was a conventional upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, and reactor B was a hybrid reactor. In addition to all the features of a UASB reactor, a fixed-film structure was installed in the mid section of the reactor B. Both reactors were operated at 35 °C and at a constant hydraulic retention time of 7 days. The waste strength, expressed in chemical oxygen demand (COD), was varied from 8 g COD liter⁻¹ (during the start-up) to 58 g COD liter⁻¹. The organic loading rate ranged from 1.1 to 9.4 g COD liter⁻¹ day⁻¹. The start-up lasted for the first 46 days. Towards the end of the start-up, methane production rates of 0.23 and 0.28 liter CH₄ liter⁻¹ day⁻¹ and COD reductions of 62.2% and 67.2% were achieved at organic loading rates of 1.1 and 1.3 g COD liter⁻¹ day⁻¹ for reactors A and B respectively. During the step-up operation, maximum methane production rates were, for reactors A and B respectively, 0.91 and 0.95 liter CH₄ liter⁻¹ day⁻¹ at organic loading rates of 5.8 and 6.4 g COD liter⁻¹ day⁻¹. In addition, reactor profiles for sludge concentration, pH, volatile fatty acids, and COD are also presented.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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4

Hutchinson, Lynn E. "Evaluation of economical sorbents for the removal of metolachlor from contaminated wastewater". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41985.

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The sorption of unformulated (98% pure) and formulated (86% pure + adjuvants) metolachlor to peat, rubber, and steam-exploded wood was studied. The concentration of pesticide ranged from 50 mg/L to 400 mg/L. Equilibrium concentrations for the batch reactors were reached within 24 hr. The sorption data for both unformulated and formulated metolachlor were best described by the Freundlich isotherm model. Metolachlor was preferentially sorbed in the following order: rubber > peat > wood fibers, with removal efficiencies of 80-85%, 70-80% and 50-65%, respectively. Differences in slopes of the isotherm lines and K values were negligible for each sorbent-type tested for both unformulated and formulated metolachlor. These results suggest that the presence of surfactants did not affect the sorption capacity of the sorbents at the concentration levels tested. However, isotherm plots showed S-shaped curve behavior for all of the sorbents in the presence of unformulated metolachlor, while a C-shaped curve was seen when the sorbents were mixed with formulated metolachlor.

This suggests that different bonding mechanisms may be involved for the sorption of unformulated and formulated metolachlor to the sorbents.

Various procedures were studied to improve removal efficiencies of formulated metolachlor. Sorption of metolachlor to peat was enhanced by hydrating the peat and pre-treating the peat with HCI. Circulation of formulated metolachlor through a rubber-packed column showed the greatest removal, with only 6 mg/L of the initial 400 mg/L remaining in solution. Removal efficiencies of steamexploded wood fibers were not improved by any of the methods investigated.
Master of Science

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5

Myburgh, Dirk Petrus. "The treatment of biodiesel wastewater using an integrated electrochemical and adsorption process". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2693.

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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Chemical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
The production of biodiesel is an energy and water intensive process. The wastewater that is produced during this process is high in concentrations of COD, BOD, FOG and various other contaminants. Since it contains low levels of nutrients, it is difficult to degrade using natural processes such as conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment. The discharge of untreated biodiesel wastewater also raises serious environmental concern. It interferes when remediated with biological processes and results in additional costs during the production of biodiesel when penalties and fines are applied. Conventional treatment processes are not capable of treating contaminants and pollutants in biodiesel to satisfactory concentrations and hence advanced treatment processes are necessary. In this research, a lab scale integrated treatment process was used to investigate the successful reduction of contaminants, in particular COD, BOD and FOG. The integrated treatment process used in this study consisted of three consecutive steps; acidification, electrochemical oxidation and adsorption using chitosan as an adsorbent. The electrochemical oxidation process with IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anodes was applied to treat biodiesel wastewater. Different operating conditions were tested to establish favourable conditions. The current density applied as well as the concentration of NaCl as the supporting electrolyte greatly affected the process. A NaCl concentration of 0.08M was deemed sufficient, whereas a current density of 1 mA/cm² showed superior performance compared to lower or higher current densities. Adsorption of pollutants in biodiesel wastewater was investigated using Chitosan as the adsorbent. Various chitosan concentrations, initial pH of the wastewater and repetitive adsorption stages were investigated. It was discovered that all three operating conditions greatly affect the performance of the process. The three consecutive adsorption stages using a chitosan concentration of 4.5 g/L at a pH of 2 resulted in the highest pollutant removal. It was observed that the integrated treatment process could reduce COD, BOD and FOG levels by 94%, 86% and 95% respectively. This concludes that the treated effluent complies with local industrial effluent discharge standards, which could be disposed safely without further treatment.

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6

Louis, Richard Joseph. "Utilization of a combined activated sludge fixed film media system for treatment of a high strength, high ammonia, industrial wastewater". Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063901/.

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7

Fappi, Devanir André. "Micro e ultrafiltração como pós-tratamento para reúso de efluentes de abatedouro e frigorífico de suínos". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1273.

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Fundação Araucária; CAPES
As indústrias alimentícias utilizam considerável volume de água para suprir a demanda de processos. Devido a isso, observa-se um grande volume gerado de efluentes que necessitam ser tratados para garantir o destino final adequado. Tendo em vista a crescente escassez de água, procedimentos de racionalização do uso da água e o reúso de efluentes tratados surgem como soluções para estes problemas. A aplicação de processos de separação por membranas no tratamento de efluentes da indústria alimentícia para reúso apresenta-se como um processo de tratamento avançado apropriado. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a utilização dos processos de separação por membranas como tratamento avançado de águas residuárias agroindustriais provindas de um abatedouro e frigorífico de suínos, da região oeste do Paraná, visando à possibilidade de reúso destes efluentes. Para isso, foi necessário: realizar a caracterização físico-química dos efluentes agroindustriais; avaliar o emprego de microfiltração, ultrafiltração, e microfiltração seguida de ultrafiltração em diferentes condições operacionais de pressão aplicada à membrana, e avaliar a qualidade do efluente obtido pelos processos de separação com membranas, considerando o atendimento das exigências técnicas, legais e sanitárias para diferentes usos industriais. Os resultados mostraram que os processos de separação por membranas apresentaram, de uma maneira geral, uma sensível melhora na qualidade do efluente final quando comparados com o atual sistema de pós-tratamento empregado pela indústria (flotador físico-químico), que promove eficiências de remoção nas faixas oscilantes de 3% a 29%, 44% a 70%, 40% a 46% e 50% a 58,5%, aproximadamente, para os parâmetros sólidos totais voláteis, turbidez, nitrogênio amoniacal e DQO, respectivamente. A microfiltração apresentou as seguintes faixas de eficiência de remoção, aproximadas: sólidos totais voláteis (51% - 64%), turbidez (83% - 99%), nitrogênio amoniacal (21% - 24%) e DQO (64% - 72%). A ultrafiltração apresentou as seguintes faixas de eficiência de remoção, aproximadas: sólidos totais voláteis (23% - 51%), turbidez (87% - 99%), nitrogênio amoniacal (54% - 69%) e DQO (77% - 85%). A realização do ensaio de microfiltração seguido de ultrafiltração nas melhores condições experimentais investigadas obteve resultados satisfatórios na remoção de aproximadamente 97% para a turbidez, 17% para os sólidos totais voláteis, 67% para a DQO, 38% para o nitrogênio amoniacal, 96% a 99,95% para os coliformes termotolerantes e 93 a 99,69% para os coliformes termorresistentes. Com o aumento da pressão para a microfiltração e ultrafiltração foi obtido maior fluxo permeado e melhor qualidade do efluente final. Embora os efluentes tenham proporcionado distintos valores de fluxo permeado, foram obtidas curvas de desempenho bastante semelhantes, caracterizando-se por uma queda do fluxo permeado nos primeiros minutos de filtração, seguido de um período onde ocorre declínio gradual, com uma tendência ao equilíbrio. De acordo com os requisitos físico-químicos e microbiológicos mínimos exigidos para o reúso de efluentes tratados, a microfiltração e a ultrafiltração atenderam alguns dos parâmetros monitorados, alcançando a qualidade exigida para o reúso em torres de resfriamento, lavagem de pisos, irrigação de áreas verdes, lavagem de veículos, proteção contra incêndio e descarga sanitária.
The food industry uses large volumes of water to meet the demand processes. Because of this, there is a large volume of generated waste that need to be addressed to ensure proper final destination. In view of the growing scarcity of water, the use rationalization of procedures of the water and the reuse of treated effluent arise as solutions to these problems. Application of separation processes by membranes in the treatment of wastewater for reuse food industry presents itself as an appropriate advanced treatment process. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of membrane separation processes as advanced treatment of agroindustrial wastewater stemmed from a swine slaughterhouse, the western region of Paraná, aiming at the possibility of recycling these effluents. For this it was necessary: to define the physical-chemical characterization of the agro-industrial effluents; evaluate the use of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration and ultrafiltration then under different conditions of pressure applied to the membrane, and evaluate the quality of the effluent obtained by separation processes with membranes, considering the care of the technical, legal and health requirements for different uses industrial. The results showed that membrane separation processes presented in a general way a considerable improvement in final effluent quality compared with the current tertiary treatment system used by the industry (physicochemical flotation) which promotes removal efficiencies in oscillating ranges from 3% to 29%, 44% to 70%, 40% to 46%, 50% to 58.5%, approximately, for the parameters: total volatile solids, turbidity, ammonia nitrogen and COD, respectively. Microfiltration had the following removal efficiency ranges, approximate: total volatile solids (51% - 64%), turbidity (83% - 99%), ammonia nitrogen (21% - 24%) and COD (64% - 72%). Ultrafiltration showed the following removal efficiency ranges, approximate: total volatile solids (23% - 51%), turbidity (87% - 99%), ammonia nitrogen (54% - 69%) and COD (77% - 85%). The completion of the test microfiltration followed by ultrafiltration under the best experimental conditions investigated achieved satisfactory results in the removal of approximately 97% for the turbidity, 17% total volatile solids, 67% for COD, 38% for ammonia nitrogen, 96% to 99.95% for thermotolerant and 93 to 99.69% for the heat-resistant coliforms coliforms. With increasing pressure to microfiltration and ultrafiltration permeate flux was increased and better quality of the final effluent. Although the effluents have provided separate permeate flow rates, very similar performance curves were obtained, characterized by a drop in permeate flux during the first minute filtration followed by a period where there is a gradual decline, with a tendency toward equilibrium. According to the physicochemical requirements and minimum microbiological required for the reuse of treated wastewater, microfiltration and ultrafiltration attended some of the monitored parameters, achieving the required quality for reuse in cooling towers, floor washing, irrigation of green areas , washing vehicles, fire protection and sanitary discharge.

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8

Loyd, Chapman Kemper. "Anaerobic/aerobic degradation of a textile dye wastewater". Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08042009-040351/.

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9

Ayesha, Sadia. "Impact of industrial waste water on the environment: case study : Kot Lukh Put Industrial Estate, Lahore,Pakistan". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260998.

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10

Granato, Eder Fonzar 1962. "Análise de viabilidade técnica e econômica da biodigestão anaeróbia da vinhaça /". Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141880.

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Orientador: Jorge de Lucas Junior
Banca: Marco Antonio Martin Biaggioni
Banca: Valeria Cristina Rodrigues Sarnighausen
Banca: Monica Sarolli Silva de Mendonca Costa
Banca: Juliana Bega Junqueira
Resumo: O Brasil produz anualmente 30 bilhões de litros de etanol de cana de açúcar com previsão do Ministério de Minas e Energia de atingir 36 bilhões de litros em 2024. A vinhaça é o resíduo líquido, rico em potássio e matéria orgânica que resulta da destilação do etanol, na proporção de 10 a 15 litros de vinhaça para cada litro de etanol. Disposto indevidamente, pode trazer sérios riscos para o ambiente devido ao alto potencial poluidor. Os estados de São Paulo, Paraná e Mato Grosso do Sul, possuem normas específicas sobre disposição desse resíduo, mas não atingem por completo o objetivo de controlar e mitigar os problemas, pois a disposição final da vinhaça se resume unicamente na fertirrigação sem qualquer outro tratamento. No presente trabalho, realizado no Laboratório de Biomassa do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da UNESP de Jaboticabal, analisou-se a biodigestão anaeróbia da vinhaça, caracterizando-se a produção de biogás e a redução do potencial poluidor. Para tanto, foram efetuados estudos de viabilidade técnica da biodigestão anaeróbia da vinhaça analisando os parâmetros: neutralização do pH da vinhaça, utilização do reciclo e estabilização da temperatura da vinhaça. Para os três parâmetros citados foram registrados e analisados dados referentes a: produção de biogás (m3), composição do biogás (% de CH4 e CO2) e redução do potencial poluidor da vinhaça após biodigestão anaeróbia (DQO). No que diz respeito a produção do biogás, os resultados considerados relevantes foram na correção do pH (aumento de 97,5%) e no aquecimento do afluente (aumento de 79%). Em relação a composição do biogás, obteve-se, aumento de 9% de metano redução de 3,6% de dióxido de carbono quando se aquece o afluente. Quando se utiliza reciclo a redução de DQO aumentou em 50% e o aquecimento do ...
Abstract: The Brazil annually produces 30 billion liters of ethanol from sugar cane with the Ministry of Mines and Energy forecast to reach 36 billion liters in 2024. The stillage is the liquid waste, rich in potassium and organic matter resulting from the distillation of ethanol in the proportion of 10 to 15 liters of vinasse per liter of ethanol. Willing improperly, can pose serious risks to the environment due to the high pollution potential. The states of São Paulo, Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul, have specific rules on disposal of this waste, but do not reach completely in order to control and mitigate the problems because the final disposal of vinasse comes down solely in fertigation without any other treatment . In this study, conducted at the Laboratory of Biomass Department of Rural Engineering of the Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences of Jaboticabal UNESP, analyzed the anaerobic digestion of vinasse, characterizing the production of biogas and reduce the pollution potential. Therefore, technical feasibility studies of anaerobic digestion of vinasse were made by analyzing the parameters: pH neutralization of vinasse, use of recycling and stabilization of vinasse temperature. For the three mentioned parameters were recorded and analyzed data for: biogas production (m3), biogas composition (% CH4 and CO2) and reduced pollution potential of vinasse after anaerobic digestion (COD). As regards the production of biogas, the results were considered significant at pH correction (increase of 97.5%) and heating the influent (79% increase). For biogas composition was obtained, an increase of 9% methane 3.6% reduction of carbon dioxide when heated affluent. When COD reduction using recycled increased by 50% and heating affluent allowed increased the reduction by 62%, demonstrating the technical feasibility of this study. To determine the economic feasibility ...
Doutor

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11

McCurdy, Michael W. "Chemical reduction and oxidation combined with biodegradation for the treatment of a textile dye wastewater". Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10102009-020050/.

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12

Liberti, Michael F. "Spatial distribution of heavy metals in Center Township, Delaware County surface soils". Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115430.

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Numerous urban soils surrounding industrial and metallurgical facilities in the U.S. are contaminated with metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni). Simplified geochemical mapping requires soil sampling and analysis for the presence of heavy metals from a grid pattern within a geographic area. In this study, a contour map of metal concentrations at two depths was subsequently superimposed over a standard political map to indicate areas of elevated metal concentrations in the soil. Natural levels of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni in Delaware County soils were determined to be 114.2 mg/kg, 0.14 mg/kg, 29.3 mg/kg, 88.4 mg/kg, 9.0 mg/kg, and 39.8 mg/kg, respectively. The average concentrations of metals found throughout Muncie, 203.9 mg/kg Pb, 39.2 mg/kg Cu, 275.4 mg/kg Zn, 9.7 mg/kg Cr, and 25.0 mg/kg Ni, were compared with natural levels to determine the extent of heavy metal pollution from atmospheric deposition. From the geographic mapping of metal concentrations, the effect of past industrial processes on possible contamination of soils by metals in Muncie, Indiana, was determined. Metals were also be fractionated in order to assess the percentage which is potentially bioavailable.
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management

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13

Larwood, Andrew John. "Cleaner production : promoting and achieving it in the South Australian foundry industry". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envl336.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 123-130. The literature search and the findings from the investigation have been used to provide recommendations for a sector specific cooperative approach using regulation, self-regulation, voluntary agreements, economic incentatives and educational/information strategies to promote and acheive cleaner production in the South Australian foundry industry.

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14

Santos, Bruna Souza dos. "Sistema de tratamento híbrido utilizado na remoção do corante reativo 5g de um efluente têxtil sintético". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1274.

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CNPQ; Fundação Araucária; FPTI
Nos últimos anos observou-se um crescimento das atividades industriais que provocou impactos significativos aos recursos naturais, e as preocupações com o ambiente em geral adquirem especial importância. Neste contexto, a indústria têxtil considerada uma importante atividade responsável por parte desse desenvolvimento, se caracteriza como geradora de efluente líquido amplamente poluidor devido ao grande volume de água necessária nesse processo produtivo. Levando em consideração os métodos convencionais e também as dificuldades no tratamento dos efluentes têxteis, o processo eletrolítico conhecido como eletrofloculação se constitui em uma possibilidade importante. Este processo envolve a desestabilização de poluentes emulsificados, ou em suspensão, em meio aquoso. Desta forma o objetivo deste trabalho foi implantar um sistema de tratamento híbrido utilizado na remoção do corante reativo azul 5G de um efluente têxtil sintético, através da eletrofloculação associada a adição de coagulante natural a base de Moringa oleífera Lam, a fim de potencializar o nível de tratamento que seria alcançado com as técnicas utilizadas isoladamente Inicialmente trabalhou-se exclusivamente com a eletrofloculação para a remoção do corante. As variáveis analisadas foram: ddp (diferença de potencial aplicado), tempo e pH. Considerando o intervalo de confiança de 95% somente o termo quadrático da ddp e o termo linear do pH se mostraram significativos. Os valores de remoção da cor para os ensaios variaram de 64,38 a 90,87% e para a validação uma remoção média de 89,01%, valores muito próximos do predito pelo modelo. Na sequência foi realizada a otimização das condições para obtenção do extrato aquoso de Moringa oleífera. Avaliou-se as seguintes condições: salinidade e tempo de extração. A concentração do coagulante obtido, em água turva sintética também foi um dos fatores estudados. As melhores condições para o extrato aquoso de Moringa oleífera foram: 20 segundos de agitação em ultrassom, e solução de 20% em cloreto de sódio. Para potencializar o nível de tratamento as duas técnicas (eletrofloculação e coagulante natural a base de Moringa oleífera), foram testadas inicialmente em batelada e na sequência em fluxo contínuo. Os ensaios em batelada foram divididos em duas partes, o primeiro DCCR avaliou a intensidade de corrente elétrica (I), o tempo da eletrofloculação e a concentração do coagulante (MO), o qual obteve uma remoção de cor de 77,27% a 91,33%. Porém, nenhum termo foi significativo, mas o tempo apresentou menor efeito. Sendo assim, um novo planejamento foi realizado, o segundo DCCR, fixando o tempo na condição mínima, além das faixas de I e MO que também foram reduzidas. Obteve-se então uma remoção da cor para os ensaios de 13,45 a 80,8%, e para a validação uma remoção média de 86,56%. Para o módulo contínuo, as variáveis estudadas foram a intensidade de corrente elétrica (I), concentração do coagulante (MO) e tempo de retenção hidráulica (TRH). Dentre elas somente o TRH não se mostrou significativo. A remoção da cor variou de 8,46% a 90,25%. Nestes ensaios também foram realizados as análises das concentrações de Ferro Residual, e os valores obtidos variaram de 3,70 mg.L-1 a 9,03 mg.L-1, ficaram abaixo do valor máximo permissível pela Legislação (15 mg.L-1). Para maximizar a remoção da cor e minimizar a concentração de ferro residual, a função desejabilidade do software STATISTICA™ foi utilizada e nessas condições somente a I e a MO foram significativas. A partir da validação foi possível observar a tendência de remoção prevista pelo modelo. Obteve-se uma remoção da cor para a validação de 71,38% e uma concentração média de ferro residual de 5,2237 mg. L-1, porém, com um erro distante do esperado (32,85%).
In recent years there has been a growth of industrial activities that caused significant impacts to natural resources, and concerns about the environment in general are of particular importance. In this context, the textile industry considered an important activity responsible for part of that development is characterized as liquid effluent generating widely polluter due to the large volume of water needed in this production process. Taking into account the conventional methods and also the difficulties in treating textile effluents, the electrolytic process known as eletrofloculation constitutes an important possibility. This process involves the destabilization of the emulsified pollutants, or suspension in aqueous medium. Thus the aim of this study was to implement a hybrid treatment system used in removing the blue reactive dye 5G of a synthetic textile effluent by eletrofloculation associated with adding natural coagulant the basis of Moringa Oleifera Lam, in order to enhance the level treatment would be achieved with the techniques used alone initially worked up exclusively with eletrofloculation to remove the dye. The variables analyzed were: ddp (potential difference applied), time and pH. Whereas the 95% confidence interval only the quadratic term of the linear term DDP and pH were significant. The removal of color values for the tests ranged from 64.38 to 90.87% and validating an average removal of 89.01%, very close values predicted by the model. Following was carried out to optimize the conditions for obtaining the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera. Salinity and extraction time: The following conditions were evaluated. The concentration of the coagulant obtained in synthetic turbid water was also one of the factors studied. The best conditions for the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera were 20 seconds of ultrasound in agitation, and solution of 20% sodium chloride. To enhance the level of treatment the two techniques (eletrofloculation and natural coagulant Moringa oleifera the base), were initially tested in batch and following streaming. The batch tests were divided into two parts, the first CCRD evaluated the intensity of electric current (I), the time eletrofloculation and concentration of the coagulant (MO), which obtained a color removal of 91 to 77.27% 33%. But no term was significant, but time showed less effect. Thus, a new planning was done, the second CCRD, setting the time at a minimum, in addition to the R and MO tracks that were also reduced. There was thus obtained a removal color for testing 13.45 to 80.8%, and validating an average removal of 86.56%. For the continuous form, the variables studied were the intensity of electric current (I), the coagulant concentration (MO) and hydraulic retention time (HRT). Among them only HRT was not significant. The color removal ranged from 8.46 % to 90.25%. In these assays were also performed the analysis of the residual iron concentrations, and the values obtained ranged from 3.70 mg L- 1 to 9.03 mg.L-1, were below the maximum value allowable by law (15 mg.L-1). To maximize the removal of color and minimize the residual concentration of iron, the desirability function STATISTICA ™ software was used and under these conditions only I and MO were significant. From the validation was observed removing trend predicted by the model. Obtained was a color removal for the validation of 71.38 % and an average concentration of 5.2237 mg.L-1 of residual iron, but with a far from the expected error (32.85%).

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15

Gurgel, Estelita Maria [UNESP]. "Recuperação de papel e papelão na usina de triagem de lixo de Lençóis Paulista - SP". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132232.

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Diante da complexidade e dos desafios que envolvem a recuperação de materiais recicláveis dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, especialmente o papel/papelão, este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar como essa atividade se desenvolve no contexto brasileiro. Para tanto, a pesquisa explora uma usina de triagem de lixo operada por uma cooperativa de catadores em Lençóis Paulista, Estado de São Paulo, onde se desenvolve tal atividade, com o intuito de verificar se a prática promove benefícios ambientais, sociais e/ou econômicos e se o papel/papelão ali recuperado está apto para reciclagem. Este estudo busca conhecer o processo de recuperação empregado e a razão de utilizá-lo; a representatividade do papel/papelão sobre a massa total dos resíduos triados e sobre os demais materiais recuperados; os tipos de papel/papelão mais recuperados e os critérios usados nessa classificação; as características físicas e químicas gerais do papel/papelão resultante do processo utilizado. O método adotado foi o estudo de caso exploratório e as técnicas de investigação foram: levantamento de dados, análise de arquivos, entrevistas, observação, registro fotográfico, artefato físico e análise laboratorial. Verificou-se que o papel/papelão foi o material mais recuperado, em peso, e o segundo que mais gerou renda para a cooperativa de catadores no período analisado. No entanto, contatou-se que o processo empregado na recuperação é extremamente rudimentar, insalubre e ineficiente e que o papel/papelão extraído do lixo é visivelmente sujo e úmido. Concluiu-se que a atividade promove benefícios sociais, proporcionando trabalho e renda para uma população marginalizada; contribui para a diminuição de alguns gastos públicos municipais, desde que operada pela cooperativa de catadores; mas deixa dúvidas sobre a efetividade dos benefícios ambientais. Nas condições em que foram ...
Given the complexity and challenges involving the recovery of recyclable materials from urban solid waste, especially paper/cardboard, this research aims to investigate how this activity develops in the Brazilian context. Therefore, the research explores a garbage sorting plant operated by a cooperative of waste pickers in Lençóis Paulista, State of São Paulo, where it develops such activity, in order to verify if the practice promotes environmental, social, and/or economic benefits, and if the paper/cardboard recovered is fit for recycling. This study seeks to understand the recovery process employed and the reason for using it; the representativeness of the paper/cardboard on the total mass of sorted waste and on the other recovered materials; types of paper/cardboard mostly recovered and the criteria used in this classification; general physical and chemical characteristics of paper/cardboard resulting from the process used. The method adopted was the exploratory study case and the investigation techniques used were: data collection, analysis files, interviews, observation, photographic records, physical artifact and laboratory analysis. It was found that the paper/cardboard was the most recovered material by weight, and the second that generated the most income for the cooperative pickers in the period analyzed. However, it was found that the process used in the recovery is extremely rudimentary, unhealthy and inefficient, and that the paper/cardboard extracted from waste is visibly dirty and damp. It was concluded that the activity promotes social benefits, providing jobs and income for a marginalized population; it contributes to the reduction of some municipal public spending, since it operated by the cooperative pickers; but leaves questions about the effectiveness of environmental benefits. In those observed conditions, it is unlikely that the recovered paper can be utilized as raw materia ...

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Gurgel, Estelita Maria 1958. "Recuperação de papel e papelão na usina de triagem de lixo de Lençóis Paulista - SP /". Botucatu, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132232.

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Orientador: Cláudio Angeli Sansígolo
Banca: Adriana Maria Nolasco
Banca: José Claudio Caraschi
Banca: Alcides Lopes Leão
Banca: Luiz Cesar Ribas
Resumo: Diante da complexidade e dos desafios que envolvem a recuperação de materiais recicláveis dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, especialmente o papel/papelão, este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar como essa atividade se desenvolve no contexto brasileiro. Para tanto, a pesquisa explora uma usina de triagem de lixo operada por uma cooperativa de catadores em Lençóis Paulista, Estado de São Paulo, onde se desenvolve tal atividade, com o intuito de verificar se a prática promove benefícios ambientais, sociais e/ou econômicos e se o papel/papelão ali recuperado está apto para reciclagem. Este estudo busca conhecer o processo de recuperação empregado e a razão de utilizá-lo; a representatividade do papel/papelão sobre a massa total dos resíduos triados e sobre os demais materiais recuperados; os tipos de papel/papelão mais recuperados e os critérios usados nessa classificação; as características físicas e químicas gerais do papel/papelão resultante do processo utilizado. O método adotado foi o estudo de caso exploratório e as técnicas de investigação foram: levantamento de dados, análise de arquivos, entrevistas, observação, registro fotográfico, artefato físico e análise laboratorial. Verificou-se que o papel/papelão foi o material mais recuperado, em peso, e o segundo que mais gerou renda para a cooperativa de catadores no período analisado. No entanto, contatou-se que o processo empregado na recuperação é extremamente rudimentar, insalubre e ineficiente e que o papel/papelão extraído do lixo é visivelmente sujo e úmido. Concluiu-se que a atividade promove benefícios sociais, proporcionando trabalho e renda para uma população marginalizada; contribui para a diminuição de alguns gastos públicos municipais, desde que operada pela cooperativa de catadores; mas deixa dúvidas sobre a efetividade dos benefícios ambientais. Nas condições em que foram ...
Abstract: Given the complexity and challenges involving the recovery of recyclable materials from urban solid waste, especially paper/cardboard, this research aims to investigate how this activity develops in the Brazilian context. Therefore, the research explores a garbage sorting plant operated by a cooperative of waste pickers in Lençóis Paulista, State of São Paulo, where it develops such activity, in order to verify if the practice promotes environmental, social, and/or economic benefits, and if the paper/cardboard recovered is fit for recycling. This study seeks to understand the recovery process employed and the reason for using it; the representativeness of the paper/cardboard on the total mass of sorted waste and on the other recovered materials; types of paper/cardboard mostly recovered and the criteria used in this classification; general physical and chemical characteristics of paper/cardboard resulting from the process used. The method adopted was the exploratory study case and the investigation techniques used were: data collection, analysis files, interviews, observation, photographic records, physical artifact and laboratory analysis. It was found that the paper/cardboard was the most recovered material by weight, and the second that generated the most income for the cooperative pickers in the period analyzed. However, it was found that the process used in the recovery is extremely rudimentary, unhealthy and inefficient, and that the paper/cardboard extracted from waste is visibly dirty and damp. It was concluded that the activity promotes social benefits, providing jobs and income for a marginalized population; it contributes to the reduction of some municipal public spending, since it operated by the cooperative pickers; but leaves questions about the effectiveness of environmental benefits. In those observed conditions, it is unlikely that the recovered paper can be utilized as raw materia ...
Doutor

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Ndobeni, Afika. "Effect of temperature and carbon to nitrogen ratio on the performance of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating sugarcane molasses". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2622.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
The sugar industry contributes to the development of the economy in many countries, including South Africa. The wastewater generated by this industry has a high pollution load, and therefore requires treatment before discharge to the environment. The primary aims of this study were to determine the performance of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating sugarcane molasses and to develop an empirical model to predict the behaviour of the UASB in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and biogas production. A UASB (46 L working volume) was inoculated with granular sludge from the brewery industry and was used to investigate the treatment of synthetic sugar industry wastewater with an average COD of 4101 mg/L. The experiments were designed using Design-Expert® Software Version 10. The analysis of variance for the models and the optimisation of reactor temperature and feed carbon to nitrogen (C/N ratio) were carried out using response surface methodology. The UASB was operated at constant hydraulic retention time and organic loading rate of 2.04 days and 2.01 kg/m3.d, respectively. A start-up period of 22 days was required to reach steady-state. The developed empirical models for total COD removal efficiency and biogas production rate were found to be statistically significant with Prob > F values of 0.0747 and 0.0495 and the determination coefficients (R2) were found to be 0.80 and 0.65, respectively. The optimal conditions were found to be at a temperature of 38oC and C/N ratio of 22 mgTOC/mgTN. The corresponding removal efficiencies in terms of total COD, five day biological oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and sulphate was 77.7, 85.9, 99.2, 44.4 and 57.2%, respectively. Biogas was produced at a rate of 0.832 L/L.d with a methane, carbon dioxide and molecular oxygen content of 65.2, 32.8 and 0.6%. Results suggest that UASBs may offer a feasible option for reducing the organic strength of sugar industry wastewater, while simultaneously generating methane-rich biogas.

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Gosling, Christine. "Co-disposal of rejects from coal and sand mining operations in the Blue Mountains : a feasibility study". Thesis, View thesis, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/824.

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This thesis presents details of investigations into the potential for co-disposal of the two rejects from Clarence Colliery and Kable's Transport Sand Mine. Column experiments were undertaken to simulate field conditions. The experiment consisted of: 1/. creating the required co-disposal arrangement and structure in containers 2/. infiltrating water through each container and measuring the rates of infiltration and overflow 3/. measuring the chemical properties of the leachate water. Geotechnical tests of co-disposal pile stability were undertaken using a specially constructed shear box. Results of this study suggest the co-disposal of course coal washery reject from Clarence Colliery with clay tailings from Kable's Transport Sand Mine is a feasible option for managing the generation of acetic drainage. It is recommended that field trials comprise layers of coal reject and clay tailings in a 9:1 ratio. Layering the coal reject with clay tailings creates a semi-permeable barrier which acts to restrict water percolation through the reject as well as reacting with the leachate to increase the leachate pH and adsorb metals

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Gosling, Christine, University of Western Sydney e School of Civic Engineering and Environment. "Co-disposal of rejects from coal and sand mining operations in the Blue Mountains : a feasibility study". THESIS_XXXX_CEE_Gosling_C.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/824.

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This thesis presents details of investigations into the potential for co-disposal of the two rejects from Clarence Colliery and Kable's Transport Sand Mine. Column experiments were undertaken to simulate field conditions. The experiment consisted of: 1/. creating the required co-disposal arrangement and structure in containers 2/. infiltrating water through each container and measuring the rates of infiltration and overflow 3/. measuring the chemical properties of the leachate water. Geotechnical tests of co-disposal pile stability were undertaken using a specially constructed shear box. Results of this study suggest the co-disposal of course coal washery reject from Clarence Colliery with clay tailings from Kable's Transport Sand Mine is a feasible option for managing the generation of acetic drainage. It is recommended that field trials comprise layers of coal reject and clay tailings in a 9:1 ratio. Layering the coal reject with clay tailings creates a semi-permeable barrier which acts to restrict water percolation through the reject as well as reacting with the leachate to increase the leachate pH and adsorb metals
Master of Engineering (Hons)

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Lipschitz, Steven. "Pollution control investment decisions and policy preferences of senior managers of the Southern African fish processing industry". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17268.

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Bibliography: pages 134-147.
Pollution control regulations directed at the land-based factories of the Southern African fish processing industry do not appear to promote the required level of investment in pollution control systems. Two self-administered mail-questionnaires comprising undisguised fixed-alternative and open-ended questions were constructed to survey the opinions and viewpoints of a census consisting of twenty-seven senior managers responsible for making pollution control investments in the demersal and pelagic sectors of the fish processing industry. The first questionnaire was directed at establishing the relative importance of factors that influence waste and pollution control investment decisions as well as the perceptions and preferences of managers with regard to various pollution control policy options. Descriptive statistics such as the modal class were used to summarize the distribution of opinions and viewpoints within the research population. Rank ordered preference data was analyzed using a multidimensional unfolding computer algorithm. This structural multivariate statistical method is a special case of non-metric multidimensional scaling that generates perceptual maps which can aid in the discovery of the hidden structure underlying multidimensional decisions. Investments in waste and pollution control do not appear to have a high priority when compared to other strategic investments that the fish processing industry managers may make. The relative importance of factors that could influence the managers of the industry to invest in waste control equipment appear to be determined by the perceived financial returns that can be expected from such investments. Findings suggest that pollution control legislation is rendered ineffective due to inadequate enforcement. However, it appears that existing legislation needs to be rationalized in order to facilitate compliance. The most favoured pollution control instruments were those that lowered the cost of legally mandated expenses such as subsidies and income tax allowances. These were followed by permit systems which specified the allowable characteristics of discharges while allowing individual companies freedom of choice as to the method of achieving compliance. The second questionnaire was used to verify the researcher's interpretation of the findings and preliminary conclusions drawn from the replies to the first questionnaire.

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Yee, Lai-wan, e 余麗容. "The efficiency of the charging system for industrial wastewater management in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30101062.

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Oliveira, Elgson Decarle de. "A responsabilidade socioeconômica e ambiental no processo de sustentabilidade e desenvolvimento local: estudo de caso das associações de catadores RESOL e AREPI". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/493.

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Durante as últimas cinco décadas um grande número de pessoas desempregadas tem encontrado na catação de materiais recicláveis uma forma de sobrevivência. Apesar do preconceito e da baixa valorização do trabalho dos Catadores por parte da sociedade, eles vem se organizando em Cooperativas e Associações visando melhores condições de vida e de trabalho. Em tais organizações eles vem se engajando em diversos projetos de reciclagem em parceria com administrações locais. O presente trabalho identifica e analisa duas associações de Catadores de materiais recicláveis, a Associação dos Recicladores de Pinhais – AREPI e a Associação dos Trabalhadores de Reciclagem de Resíduos de Colombo – RESOL, pertencentes a região metropolitana de Curitiba. O objetivo é analisar a gestão administrativa quanto ao desenvolvimento da sustentabilidade socioeconômica e ambiental desses empreendimentos. A pesquisa qualitativa foi utilizada como metodologia do presente estudo e engloba a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com as presidentes das associações, aplicação de questionários a todos os associados, observação durante dois anos e meio e diário de campo. O levantamento dos dados a partir dos questionários e entrevistas gerou informações que serviram de base para a análise da gestão administrativa dos empreendimentos. Foi possível constatar que as associações possuem condições semelhantes caracterizadas pela: inclusão social; geração de trabalho; conservação ambiental oriunda da reciclagem dos resíduos sólidos; legislação voltada à defesa dos direitos dos Catadores; Fórum Lixo e Cidadania e políticas públicas de apoio aos Catadores, que propiciaram o aumento da renda dos associados em 131%, a partir da vinda dos novos caminhões doados pela FBB e FUNASA. Além disso, a questão gênero é um fator preponderante, aonde 93% dos associados são mulheres. Este estudo permitiu concluir que existe a necessidade da adoção de um plano estratégico de negócios pelas associações, que garanta o desenvolvimento sustentável, mediante a concorrência no segmento da reciclagem. A partir do novo cenário estabelecido pela Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos, o fortalecimento da infraestrutura e a comercialização dos materiais recicláveis em rede contribuirão para o processo do desenvolvimento da sustentabilidade dos empreendimentos de Catadores.
During the past five decades a large number of unemployed people has found in the activity of collecting recyclable waste a way to survive. Despite the low appreciation of the “Catadores” work by society, they have been organizing themselves into cooperatives and associations to obtain better conditions of life and work. In such organizations they have been taking part of several recycling projects together with local administrations. This work identifies and analyzes two associations of “Catadores” of recyclable waste, the Associação dos Recicladores de Pinhais – AREPI and the Associação dos Trabalhadores de Reciclagem de Resíduos de Colombo – RESOL, located in the metropolitan region of Curitiba - PR. The objective is to analyze the administrative management related to the development of the socioeconomic and environmental sustainability of these enterprises. The qualitative research was adopted as the methodology of this study and included semi-structured interviews with the presidents of the associations, questionnaires to all members, two years and a half of observations and notes. The data obtained from the interviews and questionnaires produced information that enabled the analysis of their administrative managements. It was possible to conclude that the enterprises present some similar features characterized by: social inclusion; creation of jobs; environmental preservation due to solid waste recycling; defense of the “Catadores” rights by laws; Forum Lixo e Cidadania and public policies to support the “Catadores”, which has provided an increase in the income of the associated “Catadores” of 131%, since the arrival of new trucks donated by FBB and FUNASA. Moreover, the gender issue is a major factor where 93% of the members are women. This study concluded that the associations need to adopt a business strategic planning to ensure sustainable development in face of the competitive recycling sector. In front of the new scenario established by the National Solid Waste Policy, the strengthening of the infrastructure and the recycling network will contribute to the process of developing the sustainability of the “Catadores” associations.

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Huen, Clay. "Would adopting the ISO 14000 make Hong Kong's solid waste management system more sustainable?" Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19945528.

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Kochem, Keila. "Potencialidades de logística reversa do resíduo de gesso da indústria da construção civil". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2951.

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O presente estudo teve por objetivo geral delinear o atual panorama de gerenciamento de resíduo de construção e demolição (RCD) e a geração de resíduos de gesso (RGs) no estado do Paraná, identificando as principais potencialidades de aproveitamento do resíduo de gesso no que se refere à logística reversa. Paralelamente realizou-se o diagnóstico do gerenciamento de RCD e RG nos 20 maiores municípios geradores de resíduo do estado do PR, por meio da aplicação de questionários auto preenchidos. O RCD da cidade de Cascavel foi caracterizado segundo NBR 10.004 e o RG, por sua vez foi caracterizado quanto às propriedades físico-químicas (Composição Química, Massa específica, Massa unitária, Análise Granulométrica, Análise Termogravimétrica, e Absorção de Água). Por meio de levantamento bibliográfico fez-se a compilação dos principais estudos voltados ao aproveitamento/reciclagem do RG. Com base no levantamento sobre os potenciais receptores de resíduos de gesso no Estado Paraná, que poderiam absorver os RGs como matéria-prima, foram projetados fluxos para a logística reversa do gesso, sendo realizada a análise econômica para o aproveitamento do RG como matéria-prima na produção de cimento. Com base no estudo realizado, o panorama de gerenciamento de RCD no estado do Paraná leva a concluir que o gerenciamento de RCD ainda é um desafio. Na maioria dos municípios somente uma parte dos RCDs é coletada e encaminhada a unidades de disposição adequadas. A reciclagem de RCD é incipiente e as políticas voltadas ao gerenciamento de RCD estão em fase de amadurecimento. Em relação aos RGs, não há separação deste resíduo e a logística reversa seguida de reaproveitamento/reciclagem é praticamente inexistente. A amostragem dos RCDs gerados no município de Cascavel demonstrou uma composição de RCD parecido com a maioria dos municípios brasileiros (“Classe A” 86,29 %; “Classe B” 12,36%; “Classe C” 0,29 % e “Classe D” 1,05 %). Em relação à caracterização do RG comum e acartonado, os resultados indicam que RG possuem propriedades físico-químicas compatíveis com a matéria-prima natural (Gipsita), o qual pode ser reaproveitado como material de construção a partir de processos simples de tratamento. Entre as principais formas de reaproveitamento/reciclagem identificadas no presente estudo, a utilização como matéria-prima na indústria do cimento é a alternativa mais concreta no momento, já que as cimenteiras demonstram interesse na utilização desse material. Paralelamente esta alternativa possui mercado consumidor certo (cimenteiras) que demanda grandes volumes. No entanto, existe a necessidade de uma regularidade no envio das cargas de RG às cimenteiras, com garantia de fornecimento desse material, em volume e periodicidade de envio. Nesse sentido, maiores volumes sendo recebidos e processados poderiam diluir os custos e reduzir o preço da tonelada do gesso reciclado, o que demonstra que a necessidade de se trabalhar com regiões, bem como considerar a alternativa do reaproveitamento local.
The present study, had as general objective to design the current construction and demolition waste (CDW) and the generation of gypsum waste (WG) in the state of Paraná, identifying the main potential of the use of plaster residue in relation to reverse logistics. At the same time, the diagnosis of CDW and GW management was carried out in the 20 largest municipalities that generate waste in the State of Paraná, through the application of self-filled questionnaires.The CDW of Cascavel was characterized according to NBR 10.004 and the WG, was characterized as physicochemical properties (Chemical Composition, Specific Mass, Unit Mass, Particle Size Analysis, Thermogravimetric Analysis, and Water Absorption). Through a bibliographical survey was made the compilation of the main studies related to the use / recycling of the GW. Based on the survey on the potential receptors for WG in the State of Paraná, which could absorb GW as feedstock, was elaborated flows for the reverse logistics of gypsum, made the economic analysis for the use of WG as raw material in the production of cement. Based on the study, the CDW management landscape in the state of Paraná leads to the conclusion that the management of CDW is still a challenge in the state. In most municipalities only a portion of the CDW are collected and destined to adequate disposal units, and CDW recycling is incipient and the policies aimed at the management of CDW are in the process of maturing. There is no separation of GW and reverse logistics followed by reuse / recycling is practically non-existent. The CDW sampling generated in the municipality of Cascavel showed an CWD composition similar to most Brazilian municipalities (Class A 86.29%, Class B 12.36%, Class C 0.29% and Class D 1.05%).In relation to the characterization of the WG, the results indicate that have physicochemical properties compatible with the natural Gypsum, which can be reused as construction material from simple treatment processes. Among the main forms of reuse / recycling identified in the present study, the use as in the cement industry is the best alternative at the moment, since the cement plants show interest in the use of this material and are located in regions close to the generation sites studied here. At the same time, this alternative has a certain consumer market (cement industries) that demands large volumes. Economic viability studies have demonstrated that the WG processing received in Cascavel for use in cement manufacturing may be a viable alternative.However, there is a need for regularity in the send of WG loads to cement plants, with a guarantee of supply of this material, in volume and periodicity of shipment. In this sense, larger volumes being received and processed could dilute costs and reduce the price of the tonne of recycled gypsum, which demonstrates the need to work with regions as well as consider the alternative of local reuse.

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Grötzner, Mariana de Bittencourt. "Tratamentos de efluente de processo de polpa quimiotermomecânica CTMP". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1184.

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O setor de celulose e papel contribui significativamente para a economia brasileira, de acordo com o crescimento na produção de celulose e papel nos últimos anos. O efluente gerado em indústria deste setor é comumente formado por compostos orgânicos originados da degradação das moléculas de lignina, que é um dos constituintes básicos da madeira. Em geral, os contaminantes são mensurados através de análises de cor, demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), carbono orgânico total (COT), teor de compostos lignínicos, turbidez, sólidos, compostos fenólicos e toxicidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar tratamento de um efluente de planta de polpa quimiotermomecânica CTMP por processos físico-químico e avançado. De acordo com a literatura, diferentes métodos podem ser utilizados para tratamento deste efluente. Tratamento físico-químico de coagulação-floculação-sedimentação foi realizado e as condições de pH, concentração e tipo de coagulante e tempo de sedimentação foram otimizadas. Curvas de pH e concentração de coagulante permitiram verificar que as melhores condições do tratamento, que foram: pH 3,0, sulfato de alumínio como coagulante, concentração do coagulante em 750 mg.L-1 e tempo de sedimentação de 60 minutos. As eficiências de remoção obtidas para esta condição foram 20, 40 e 50% para DQO, cor e turbidez, respectivamente. A eficiência de remoção de COT ficou em 78% e a toxicidade não foi alterada pelo tratamento. Para a condição otimizada do tratamento foi testado o efeito de um floculante catiônico de alta massa molecular, o qual demonstrou melhora nas eficiências de remoção de, em média, 10%. O efluente tratado na melhor condição do tratamento físico-químico foi submetido a um tratamento por processo oxidativo avançado – Fenton. Com este, obteve-se remoção de DQO e COT de 51,6 e 78,9%, respectivamente. Assim a combinação dos métodos permitiu uma remoção total de 74% de turbidez, 53% para cor, 61% para DQO e 95% para COT.
Pulp and paper sector contributes significantly to Brazilian economy, accordingly to the crescent grow in production of pulp and paper in the last years. Effluent generated in mills of this sector is commonly formed by organic compounds originated from lignin molecules degradation. In general, contaminants are measured through color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), lignin compounds, turbidity, solids and phenolic compounds contents. The aim of this study was to run a technically feasible treatment for an effluent from CTMP (chemiothermalmechanical pulping) plant. According to the literature, different methods can be applied for this kind of effluent. Physical-chemical treatment of coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation was performed and the conditions of pH, coagulant type and concentration and settling time were optimized. Coagulant concentration and pH curves verified the best treatment condition, which were: pH 3.0, aluminum sulphate as coagulant, concentration of coagulant at 750 mg.L-1 and settling time of 60 minutes. The removal efficiencies obtained for these condition were 20, 40 and 50% for COD, color and turbidity, respectively. The TOC removal was 78% and toxicity was not changed due to the treatment. For the optimized condition of the treatment, it was testes a high molar mass cationic flocculant, which demonstrated improvements in the removal efficiencies in 10% (average). The effluent treated using the most efficient condition of the physical-chemical treatment passed through a oxidative process – Fenton. In this sense, it was obtained removal of COD and TOC of 51.6 and 78.9%, respectively. Finally, the combined methods lead to a total removal of 74% for turbidity, 53% for color, 61% for COD and 95% for TOC.

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Manipura, Walappuly Mudiyanselage Janakasiri Aruna Shantha Bandara. "Bioprocess development for removal of nitrogenous compounds from precious metal refinery wastewater". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007341.

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Removal of nitrogenous compounds from precious metal refinery (PMR) wastewater is important in terms of avoiding eutrophication (environmental protection), metal recovery (increased overall process efficiency and value recovery) and reuse of treated water (maximum use of natural resources). Extreme pH conditions (4 to 13 depending on the wastewater stream), high chemical oxygen demand (> 10,000 mg/I), numerous metals and high concentrations of those metals (> 20 mg/l of platinum group metals) in the wastewater are the main challenges for biological removal of nitrogenous compounds from PMR wastewater. Nitrogenous compounds such as NH₄⁺-N and N0₃-N are strong metal ligands, which make it difficult to recover metals from the wastewater. Therefore, a bioprocess was developed for removal of nitrogenous compounds from carefully simulated PMR wastewater. A preliminary investigation of metal wastewater was carried out to determine its composition and physico-chemical properties, the ability to nitrify and denitrify under different pH conditions and denitrification with different carbon Source compounds and amounts. Even at pH 4, nitrification could be carried out. A suitable hydraulic retention time was found to be 72 hours. There was no significant difference between sodium acetate and sodium lactate as carbon sources for denitrification. Based on these results, a reactor comparison study was carried out using simulated PMR wastewater in three types of reactors: continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR), packed-bed reactor (PBR) and airlift suspension reactor (ALSR). These reactors were fed with 30 mg/l of Rh bound in an NH₄⁺ based compound (Claus salt: pentaaminechlororhodium (III) dichloride). Total nitrogen removal efficiencies of > 68 % , > 79 % and > 45 % were obtained in the CSTR, PBR and ALSR, respectively. Serially connected CSTR-PBR and PBR-CSTR reactor configurations were then studied to determine the best configuration for maximum removal of nitrogenous compounds from the wastewater. The PBR-CSTR configuration gave consistent biomass retention and automatic pH control in the CSTR. Ammonium removal efficiencies > 95 % were achieved in both reactors. As poor nitrate removal was observed a toxicity study was carried out using respirometry and the half saturation inhibition coefficients for Pt, Pd, Rh and Ru were found to be 15.81, 25.00, 33.34 and 39.25 mg/l, respectively. A mathematical model was developed to describe the nitrogen removal in PMR wastewater using activated sludge model number 1 (ASMl), two step nitrification and metal toxicity. An operational protocol was developed based on the literature review, experimental work and simulation results. The optimum reactor configuration under the set conditions (20 mg/I of Rh and < 100 mg/I of NH₄⁺-N) was found to be PBR-CSTR-PBR process, which achieved overall NH₄⁺-N and N0₃⁻-N removal efficiencies of > 90 % and 95 %, respectively. Finally, a rudimentary microbial characterisation was carried out on subsamples from the CSTR and PBRsecondary. It was found that the CSTR biomass consisted of both rods and cocci while PBRsecondary consisted of rods only. Based on these experimental works, further research needs and recommendations were made for optimisation of the developed bioprocess for removal of nitrogenous compounds from PMR wastewater.

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Schoeler, Marcilene Neumann. "Síntese de nanowiskers de fibra de mandioca: formação de nanocompósitos com álcool polivinílico". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2929.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná
Os nanowhiskers são domínios cristalinos de fontes celulósicas e têm sido usados na preparação de nanocompósitos devido à abundância de matéria-prima disponível oriundas de várias fontes renováveis e biodegradáveis. Além disso, apresentam facilidade de modificação de superfície por meio de tratamentos químicos, possuem grande área superficial e morfologia diferenciada, apresentando ótimas características mecânicas, térmicas e de barreira. Neste trabalho foram extraídos nanowhiskers de celulose do bagaço da raiz de mandioca gerado na etapa de separação da fécula. Os nanowhiskers de celulose obtidos por hidrólise ácida foram caracterizados por análises térmicas (TG e DSC), espectroscopia no infravermelho (FTIR) e difração de raios X (DRX). Nos espectros de FTIR foram observadas diferenças entre nanowhiskers (NWM), fibra bruta de mandioca (FBM) e fibra purificada de mandioca (FPM), indicando favorecimento na formação de nanowhiskers estáveis. A cristalinidade da FPM e dos NWM também foi observada no DRX, com o aumento de cristalinidade de 254,87 % e 165,62 %, respectivamente quando comparada com a FBM. A estabilidade térmica aumentou com os tratamentos químicos realizados na FBM e a degradação de NWM ocorrida basicamente em uma única etapa, indica homogeneidade química e dimensional da amostra. Nanocompósitos formados por matriz polimérica de álcool polivinílico (PVA) e reforços de 2,5, 5 e 10 % de NWM foram comparados com o PVA através de análises térmicas (TG e DSC), espectroscopia no infravermelho (FTIR), difração de raios X (DRX) e análise de tração. A estabilidade térmica aumentou do nanocompósito com reforço de 5 % de NWM. Na análise de FTIR, as bandas identificadas são características do PVA. O difratograma do DRX apresentou aumento de cristalinidade do nanocompósito com menor reforço de NWM, numa faixa de aumento de 38 %. As propriedades mecânicas apresentaram melhorias significativas nos nanocompósitos com reforço de NWM. O nanocompósito formado com menor quantidade de reforço, apresentou maior módulo de elasticidade e o nanocompósito formado com reforço de 5 % de NWW apresentou maior limite de resitência e ruptura de tensão. O presente trabalho constatou que a utilização da massa residual de fecularias torna-se de utilização promissora na produção de nanowhiskers e incorporação dos mesmos em nanocompósitos como reforço.
The nanowhiskers are crystalline domains of cellulosic sources and have been used in the preparation of nanocomposites due to the abundance of available raw material derived from several renewable and biodegradable sources. In addition, they show modification feature facility of surface by means of chemical treatments, and also have large superficial area and differentiated morphology, showing excellent mechanical and thermal characteristics, as well as of barrier. In this study nanowhiskers were extracted from cassava bagasse generated in starch separation step. The cellulose nanowhiskers obtained by acid hydrolysis were characterized by thermal analysis (TG and DSC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray diffraction (DRX). In the FTIR spectra differences were observed between nonowhiskers (NWM), crude cassava fiber (FBM) and purified cassava fiber (FPM), indicating favoring in the formation of stable nonowhiskers. The crystallinity of FPM and of NWMs was also observed in DRX, with increase of crystallinity of 254.87% and 165.62%, respectively when compared to FBM. The thermal stability increased with chemical treatments performed on FBM, and the NWM degradation occurred basically in only one step, indicating chemical and dimensional homogeneity of the sample. Nanocomposites formed by polymeric matrix of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and reinforcements of 2.5, 5 and 10% of NWM were compared to the PVA through thermal analysis (TG and DSC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (DRX) and traction analysis. The thermal stability of nanocomposite with reinforcement of 5% of NWM increased. In FTIR analysis, the occurred bands are features of PVA. The diffractogram of DRX has shown an increase of nanocomposite crystallinity with less reinforcement of NWM, in a 38% -increase range. The mechanical properties have shown significant improvements in nanocomposites with NWM reinforcement. The nanocomposite formed with smaller amount of reinforcement has shown the highest modulus of elasticity and the nanocomposite formed with reinforcement of 5% of NWM has shown higher level of resistance and tensile breakdown. The present study has found that the use of the residual mass of potato starch manufacturers becomes a promising use in the production of nanowhiskers and incorporation of them in nanocomposites as reinforcement.

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Maddin, Hayley Patrice Florence. "Regulating for environmental protection : a case study of the CJC inquiry into the improper disposal of liquid waste in South-East Queensland". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1996.

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Queensland's political history has been built upon a culture of developmentalism, particularly at the cost of environmental protection. This has been a prominent feature in the policies of past Queensland Premiers such as T.J. Ryan, Ted Theodore, William McCormack, Forgan Smith, Frank Nicklin, Johannes Bjelke-Petersen and Wayne Goss. The policies pursued by many of these Premiers often resulted in the destruction of many sensitive environmental areas, of which the effects are still evident today. This study examines how anti-environmentalism has been a recurrent theme in state politics, as well as examining the extent to which industry has influenced governmental policies toward developmentalism. In particular, this research explores in depth the theory of 'regulatory capture' and examines the extent to which this is applicable to the Queensland context. A secondary issue which is explored is that of the development of a culture of nonenforcement within government departments. The testing of these theories is conducted through an analysis of the Queensland Criminal Justice Commission Inquiry into the Improper Disposal of Liquid Waste in South-East Queensland. The outcome of this thesis certainly demonstrates that state government departments responsible for environmental protection were negligent in fulfilling their roles. This thesis will highlight how such departments were 'captured' by the interests of industry to the extent that they failed to administer and enforce effective environmental legislation. It also raises the possibility that, as a result, administrators were guilty of official misconduct. Finally this thesis argues that while departmental culture is so strongly embedded in pro-development policies, responsibility for the environment should be centralised in an agency whose sole responsibility would be environmental protection. Such an agency could be an Environmental Protection Authority.

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Canedo, Patricia Lemiszka Ribas. "Resíduos sólidos urbanos como tema ambiental: reflexões a partir de um curso de educação ambiental semipresencial para professores do ensino básico". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1426.

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CAPES
Diante dos graves problemas causados pelos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos ao meio socioambiental, a Educação Ambiental é uma das estratégias para o enfrentamento dessa problemática bem como de outros aspectos da crise ambiental. Na educação formal o papel dos professores é de extrema importância para que a Educação Ambiental seja trabalhada de maneira contínua, crítica e interdisciplinar. Este trabalho relata e discute a realização de um curso de extensão em EA, para 86 professores do ensino básico da rede pública do estado do Paraná, utilizando como temática ambiental os Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos. O curso foi desenvolvido na modalidade semipresencial utilizando Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) plataforma Moodle 2.5 da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. A abordagem metodológica utilizada nesta pesquisa foi à pesquisa-ação colaborativa. Nos encontros presenciais foram trabalhadas questões teóricas e propostas de prática pedagógica. No ambiente virtual, houve debates e oficinas para propostas de ação onde foram coletados os dados para esta pesquisa por meio de questionários semiestruturados, dados coletados no AVA (fóruns, tarefas e atividades colaborativas). Os projetos realizados pelos professores foram relatados e discutidos no terceiro encontro presencial. Para análise dos dados foram empregadas abordagens quali-quantitativas. Com a realização desta pesquisa foi possível constatar que a maioria dos professores não dispunha de conhecimento suficiente sobre RSU, e que raramente empregam temas de EA na sua prática pedagógica. Conclui-se que cursos de formação continuada podem ser uma das alternativas para reduzir as lacunas existentes na formação de professores e servir como potencializadores para o desenvolvimento da EA nas escolas.
When facing the severe problems caused by Urban Solid Waste (USW), Environmental Education (EE) is one of the strategies for tackling this issue as well as other aspects of the environmental crisis. In formal education, the role of the teachers is extremely important so that EE worked in a continuous, critical and interdisciplinary way. The present paper reports and discusses the presentation of an extension course in EE to 86 teachers of public basic schools of the state of Paraná, using as environmental theme the USW. The course developed in the semi-distance modality using Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) Moodle 2.5 platform Federal Technological University of Paraná.The methodological approach used in this research was the collaborative research-action. In person meetings theoretical issues and proposals for pedagogical practice worked. In the virtual environment, there was discussion and workshops for action proposals where the data for this research through semi- structured questionnaires, data collected in the AVA (forums, tasks, and collaborative activities) collected. Data analyzed through a quali-quantitative approach. This research showed most teachers did not have enough knowledge about USW and rarely employ EE themes within their educational practices. The several activities conducted throughout the course led to important reflections on environmental issues, mainly the ones related to USW generation and management. We consider continuous formation courses to be one of the alternatives to reduce the gaps present in the formation of teachers and to serve as potentializers for the development of EE in schools.

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Gasparovic, Claudia Luiza Manfredi. "Dinâmica de fluidos computacional aplicada à simulação de reator eletroquímico destinado ao tratamento de efluente têxtil". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2937.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná
O setor industrial têxtil gera em seu processo produtivo grande volume de efluentes líquidos, que possuem elevado potencial poluidor devido à presença de corantes. Esses são compostos potencialmente tóxicos e de difícil degradabilidade, dos quais destaca-se o Azul Reativo 5G. O tratamento desses efluentes é geralmente realizado por técnicas convencionais de coagulação e floculação, as quais utilizam grandes quantidades de sais de alumínio e ferro. A substituição de coagulantes químicos por tecnologias alternativas como a eletrofloculação pode trazer grandes vantagens. Este processo consiste na desestabilização de poluentes em meio aquoso por meio da produção in situ de íons coagulantes pela aplicação de corrente elétrica a eletrodos de sacrifício. Embora possua eficiência comprovada, inclusive para efluentes têxteis, a eletrofloculação ainda não é uma técnica consolidada, devido principalmente à ausência de metodologias sistemáticas para o projeto e dimensionamento de reatores, em especial os de fluxo contínuo. Diversas abordagens de modelagem e simulação na literatura buscam resolver esse problema, das quais destaca-se a Dinâmica de Fluidos Computacional (CFD) como a mais promissora, podendo ser acoplada a várias físicas, embora comumente seja acoplada apenas à eletroquímica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi acoplar a técnica de CFD a um modelo cinético ajustado experimentalmente para a remoção do corante Azul Reativo 5G de solução sintética por meio de eletrofloculação, visando predizer o perfil de concentração em um reator de fluxo contínuo. O reator contínuo estudado possui volume útil de 8,5 L, é do tipo monopolar, e possui quatro pares de eletrodos de ferro para o tratamento, dispostos como chicanas. Para obtenção do modelo para a cinética da reação, foram realizados experimentos com o sistema de eletrofloculação em batelada com eletrodos de ferro, em que as variáveis foram concentração inicial de corante (C0) e densidade de corrente (j) aplicada aos eletrodos. Testou-se o ajuste de três tipos de modelos cinéticos aos dados experimentais: modelo com base no balanço molar, modelos de adsorção e modelos sigmoidais, dos quais o modelo sigmoidal logístico, obteve melhor ajuste, com valores de R² acima de 90%. Como o modelo não inclui a espécie ferro, foram feitos ensaios preliminares no módulo de fluxo contínuo, para determinar a influência do fluxo na distribuição de ferro ao longo do reator, bem como o ponto no reator onde a reação tem início. Testou-se as vazões de 0,5 L.min-1 e de 2 L.min-1, e observou-se que para a vazão baixa, há retorno de ferro e acúmulo antes do primeiro eletrodo, o que não ocorre para a vazão mais alta. No modelo para o escoamento no reator considerou-se um fluido incompressível, fluxo laminar e estado estacionário, e desprezou-se a influência dos fenômenos eletroquímicos no fluxo e transporte de partículas, como a geração de bolhas de gás e migração iônica. A simulação para o reator de fluxo contínuo foi realizada no software COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.2®,que utiliza o Método dos Elementos Finitos para resolver as equações diferenciais parciais de escoamento da continuidade e de Navier-Stokes. As variáveis resposta consideradas foram a velocidade do fluido e a concentração de corante, e utilizou-se os módulos de CFD (interface de Fluxo Laminar) e de Transporte de Soluções Diluídas (TDS), com acoplamento fraco entre as físicas. Uma análise de convergência foi realizada para a escolha da malha. Foram realizadas três simulações do perfil de concentração no reator, com condição de densidade de corrente igual a 8,65 mA.cm-2, concentrações iniciais de corante respectivamente iguais a 45, 25 e 40 mg.L-1 e vazões 0,5 L.min-1 para os dois primeiros ensaios e 2 L.min-1 para o terceiro. Ensaios experimentais foram feitos com as mesmas condições, e comparou-se os resultados obtidos com uma malha de amostragem de 23 pontos. Verificou-se que o modelo proposto permitiu predizer o perfil de concentração do reator com razoável sucesso para uma faixa de trabalho de velocidades baixas de fluxo, levando em conta as limitações inerentes a ele, notadamente a ausência da influência das microbolhas. Assim, a metodologia proposta mostra-se muito promissora para que uma vez aperfeiçoado, o modelo possa vir a auxiliar no projeto de reatores caso a caso, bem como fornecer subsídios para preencher a lacuna acerca de uma metodologia sistemática de projeto e ampliação de escala.
The textile industry produces great amounts of wastewater as a byproduct of its productive process, which contain high pollutant potential, due to the presence of dyes. These are potentially toxic and high undegradable compounds, from which the Blue Reactive 5G is one of the most used. The treatment of such wastewaters is generally accomplished through conventional coagulation and flocculation techniques, which make use of great amounts of aluminum and iron salts. As such, the substitution of these chemical coagulants for alternative technologies such as electrocoagulation may bring great advantages. The process consists in the destabilization of pollutants in aqueous medium by means of the in situ production of coagulant ions by applying electrical current to sacrificial electrodes. Although the process' efficiency is proven, even for the treatment of textile wastewaters, electrocoagulation is still not a consolidated technique, due mainly to the lack of systematic methodologies for the project and scale up of reactors, especially continuous flow ones. Several approaches for modeling and simulation in scientific literature aim to solve this problem, the most promising of which being the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), which may be coupled to several physics, although it is usually coupled only to electrochemistry. The goal of this study was to couple the CFD technique to a kinetic model, experimentally adjusted, for the removal of the Blue Reactive 5G dye from synthetic wastewater through the electrocoagulation technique, aiming to predict the concentration profile in a continuous flow reactor. The reactor is a 8,5 L tank with monopolar connections and four pairs of iron electrodes, which also work as baffles. In order to obtain the kinetic model of the reaction, experiments were carried out in a batch electrocoagulation system with iron electrodes, in which the variables were initial dye concentration (C0) and current density (j) applied to the electrodes. Three kinds of kinetic models were test for the adjust: model based on molar balance, adsorption models and sigmoidal models, from which the logistic sigmoidal model obtained the best adjustment, presenting R² above 90%. Since the model does not include the iron species, preliminary tests were made in the continuous flow reactor, in order to determine the flux influence on the iron distribution through the reactor, as well as the local, in the reactor, were the reaction starts. The flow rates of 0,5 L.min-1 and 2 L.min-1 were tested, and it was noted that, for the low flow rate, there is a reflux of iron, which accumulated before the first electrode, which does not happen for the higher flow rate. For the fluid flow model in the reactor, considerations were made for a incompressible laminar flow and stationary state, and the effect of electrochemical phenomena in the flow and transport of substances, such as gas bubbles and ironic migration, were not considered. The simulation for the continuous flow reactor was performed in the software COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.2®, which makes use of the Finite Elements Method to solve the partial differential equations of continuity and Navier-Stokes. The response variables considered were fluid velocity and dye concentration, and the modules CFD (laminar flow interface) and Transport of Diluted Species (TDS) were used, with weak coupling between the physics. A convergence study was carried out in order to choose the appropriate mesh for the simulation. Three simulations of the concentration profile in the reactor were carried out, with a current density of 8,65 mA.cm-2, respective initial dye concentrations of 45, 25 and 40 mg.L-1 and flow rates of 0,5 L.min-1 for the two first studies and 2 L.min-1 for the third. Experiments were performed with the same conditions as the simulations, samples were collected with mesh of 23 points in the reactor and the results of predicted and observed concentration were compared. The results showed that the proposed model allowed to predict the concentration profile in the reactor with reasonable success, within a low velocity flow range, taking into account the limitations inherent to the model. Therefore, the proposed methodology appears very promising for that, once perfected, the model may assist in the reactor design case to case, as well as aid filling the gap regarding a systematic methodology for reactor project and scale-up, which is the main barrier in expanding the technology.

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Man, Yuk-lan Catherine. "Cyanide waste management : technologies, economic aspects, and constraints /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17665346.

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Yung, Ka-wing. "Access to the environmental legislation : do the local manufacturers understand their legal obligations? /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21301542.

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文玉蘭 e Yuk-lan Catherine Man. "Cyanide waste management: technologies, economic aspects, and constraints". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253507.

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34

杜國良 e Kwok-leung Dao. "Development of sample decomposition methods, preconcentration techniques and separation methods for high performance liquidchromatographic analysis of environmental pollutants and industrialwastes". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31233545.

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Dao, Kwok-leung. "Development of sample decomposition methods, preconcentration techniques and separation methods for high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of environmental pollutants and industrial wastes /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13793871.

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36

Yung, Ka-wing, e 容嘉榮. "Access to the environmental legislation: do the local manufacturers understand their legal obligations?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254469.

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37

Pazda, Ana Karla. "Práticas pedagógicas: a construção do saber sobre resíduos sólidos em uma escola rural". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1108.

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Acompanha: Construção do saber ambiental em uma escola rural: guia de práticas pedagógicas para estimular desenvolvimento de responsabilidade ambiental acerca dos resíduos sólidos
O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com um grupo de dezoito alunos de 5ª série em uma escola rural no município de Palmeira – PR, e teve como objetivo elaborar um guia de práticas pedagógicas para estimular o desenvolvimento da responsabilidade ambiental acerca dos resíduos sólidos. O interesse em pesquisar a questão dos resíduos sólidos em uma escola rural foi construído principalmente pelas lacunas encontradas no exercício pedagógico em relação à temática, bem como por acreditar que a questão dos resíduos na área rural é mais problemática, haja visto que o processo de coleta dos resíduos é muitas vezes inexistente e as informações sobre o assunto ainda são pouco veiculadas. A pesquisa realizada foi de natureza interpretativa, sendo que para a elaboração de estratégias que alcançassem os objetivos propostos utilizou-se questionários e desenvolveu-se práticas pedagógicas relacionando à temática, os quais foram avaliados posteriormente por meio da realização de uma gincana. Os principais resultados desse trabalho indicaram que as atividades desenvolvidas foram capazes de sensibilizar esse grupo e direcioná-los para desenvolver ao longo do tempo a responsabilidade ambiental almejada, o que representa um resultado positivo para o trabalho. Com base nas atividades e na gincana realizada, originou-se ao fim da pesquisa um guia de atividades no qual é apresentada a metodologia utilizada e as práticas desenvolvidas. Por meio deste trabalho, espera-se que haja uma contribuição no sentido de promover o diálogo de saberes ambientais entre os sujeitos, sejam eles educadores, aprendizes ou demais profissionais que se relacionam com a Educação Ambiental, e que possa também oferecer embasamento para a adoção de atitudes de responsabilidade e cuidados com o meio ambiente.
This study was conducted with a group of eighteen students from5th grade in a rural school in Palmeira - PR, and objectived to development a guide teaching practices to stimulate the development of environmental responsibility on solid waste. The interest in researching the issue of solid waste in a rural school was built mainly by the deficiencies found in the pedagogical exercise in relation to the subject, as well as believing that the issue of waste in rural areas is more problematic, given the fact that the collection process waste is often lacking and information on the subject are still not very disseminated. The research was interpretive in nature, and for developing strategies to reach the proposed objectives, we used questionnaires and developed pedagogical practices relatingto the subject, which were subsequently evaluated by conducting a scavenger hunt. The main results of this study indicated that the activities were able to sensitize this group and direct them to develop over time the desired environmental responsibility, which represents a positive outcome for the job. Based on the activities carried out and the contest, originated at the end of a guide research activities in which you present the methodology and practices developed. Through this work, it is expected that there is a contribution to promote the dialogue of environmental knowledge among the subjects, be they educators, learners and other professionals that relate to environmental education, and can also provide basis for the adoption attitudes of responsibility and care for the environment.

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Lam, Yik-man, e 林奕雯. "Partnership for sustainable waste management: a case study of the food waste recycling partnership scheme in HongKong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48543263.

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Waste management is one of the key issues of sustainable development. In Hong Kong, there is food waste management measures but it seems that they have a fair share of limitations. The amount of food waste disposed rose from 3,154 tons in 2005 to 3,237 tons in 2010, which has not shown a significant reduction in volume in recent years. Businesses are becoming more aware of their corporate social responsibility and they definitely have a role to play in sustainable food waste management. Food waste management requires a large amount of resource input and infrastructural support, therefore a collaborative network between the government, businesses and social organizations will surely allows for better performance. The Food Waste Recycling Partnership Scheme (FWRPS) is chosen to be the subject of this case study. It is a partnership program aiming to tackle the food waste problem in Hong Kong’s private sector. A total of 18 companies are chosen as case subjects for the study and are divided into three groups: 1) the participants of the FWRPS; 2) the non-participants of the FWRPS but with self-initiatives for food waste management and 3) the companies without much food waste management initiatives. The three groups are then compared and contrasted upon the drivers, barriers to food waste management and the role of the FWRPS towards effective food waste management. Major factors are drawn from the study such as corporate leadership and resource availability. It is found that those driving and hindering factors varies as companies adopt different food waste management options. In creating these differences, the FWRPS also plays an important role. The scheme succeeded in facilitating food waste management in the private sector as it allows resource pooling and knowledge input. It also has limitations such as the small scale and the lack of promotion. Such partnership would be effective only if each partner is committed to work towards the same objectives. Also, the partners should have their own roles and shoulder their responsibilities. For example, the government should provide the required infrastructure while non-governmental organizations focus on environmental education. In the long run however, the private sector should tailor its own system of food waste management along with legislative support from the government.
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Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management

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39

Leung, Oi-kwan Winnie, e 梁愛群. "A preliminary study on the Hong Kong external trade of non-ferrous metal waste (and scrap) and other potentially hazardous wastematerials". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253180.

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40

Molin, Letícia. "Análise do comportamento hidrodinâmico de um módulo de membranas de ultrafiltração aplicado ao tratamento de efluentes em meio anaeróbio". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2017. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/3385.

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Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-12-14T18:05:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Leticia Molin.pdf: 200378 bytes, checksum: 8aa055a38ef6a80864e13434dccdbc31 (MD5)
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Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Leopoldo Américo Miguêz de Mello, CENPES.

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41

Ngai, Ho-yee, e 危可兒. "Food waste management in a Hong Kong secondary school campus". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4854341X.

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Food wastage is becoming a serious problem in Hong Kong. At present, Hong Kong relies simply on landfills to dispose of its waste. Nevertheless, such reliance is not sustainable. It may also lead to different social and environmental problems. With the primary aim to lessen environmental damage and achieve environmental sustainability, food waste recycling can save energy, conserve resources and prolong lifespan of landfills. Therefore, it is important to educate youngsters in order to develop their responsibility and habits in protecting the environment. It has been reported that recycling awareness should be instilled into people’s mind from their childhood. Through food waste recycling programmes held in schools, students can increase their awareness and knowledge in that aspect and develop skills for the solutions of environmental problems. On the other hand, such programmes would help reduce food waste at source and draw public attention to the food waste problem. The aims of this study focus on the introduction of a food waste management programme in a Hong Kong secondary school campus and exploring the feasibility and viability of extending it to other secondary schools in Hong Kong in order to minimize waste disposed to landfills. The study shows that the students may gain knowledge about food waste recycling through practical field experience by joining both of the Food Waste Recycling Programme and the Organic Farming Programme under the food waste management policies developed in the school. They allow students to engage more in recycling behavior and increase their awareness of food waste avoidance, reduction and recycling in their daily life. With the tripartite cooperation the Government, the participating schools and the secondary school students, the food waste management held in the school campus is feasible and viable to extend to other secondary schools in Hong Kong in order to lessen the pressure of local landfills.
published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management

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42

Carolino, Elisangela Ferruci [UNESP]. "Abordagem energética dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) na temática da educação ambiental no município de Cerqueira César - SP". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90695.

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O presente trabalho apresenta uma abordagem energética dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) gerados no município de Cerqueira César - SP e suas implicações ambientais, políticas e sociais. Para compreender o processo de geração de resíduos no município e demonstrar a viabilidade econômica da reciclagem, além de propor alternativas de tratamento ambiental mais adequado destes resíduos, foi feita a sua caracterização física utilizando como objeto de estudo o lixão da cidade. Posteriormente foi feita uma correlação com dados da literatura, sob o ponto de vista de economia de energia com a reciclagem de cada um dos materiais separados e quantificados na caracterização. Paralelamente a isto, buscou-se identificar a concepção dos indivíduos deste município com relação ao problema da geração de resíduos e os impactos gerados no meio ambiente, bem como o desperdício de recursos energéticos. Deste modo foi aplicado um questionário junto aos alunos da Sétima Série e Segundo Colegial de uma escola pública de Ensino Fundamental e Médio, no qual vários aspectos conceituais relacionados ao lixo foram abordados. Com base nestas informações, foi possível estabelecer relações entre a geração dos resíduos e aspectos sociais e econômicos do município, além de se determinar o potencial energético a ser poupado com a reciclagem destes.
The present work deals with an energetic approach of the urban solid wastes (USW) produced at the Município de Cerqueira César (Cerqueira César County) - SP, and its environmental, political and social implications. To understand the process of waste production in the county and to demonstrate the economical viability of recycling, besides to propose environmental treatment alternatives more suitable to these residues, it was accomplished its physical characteristics using as object of study the city garbage dump. Afterward, it was done a correlation with the literature data, under the viewpoint of energy saving with the recycling of each material separated and quantified in the characterization. In parallel to this, it was aimed to identify the conception of the individuals of this county in relation to the problem of the production of residues and the impacts to the environment, as well as the energy resources loss. It was presented a questionnaire to senior students of the Secondary and High School of a public school, on which several conceptual aspects were discussed in relation to waste. Based on this information, it was possible to establish relations between the residues production and the social and economic aspects of the county, besides determining the energetic potential to be saved with the recycling.

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43

Yee, Lai-wan. "The efficiency of the charging system for industrial wastewater management in Hong Kong /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18976566.

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44

Falcão, Audrey de Arruda. "Analise quimica de residuos solidos para estudos agroambientais". [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250585.

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Orientador: João Carlos de Andrade
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Mestrado
Quimica Analitica
Mestre em Química

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45

Gonzalez, Carlos Eduardo Fortes. "Educação pela ação ambiental: a coleta seletiva de resíduos sólidos em um departamento de instituição superior de ensino". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2006. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/169.

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Este estudo tem o objetivo de discutir as inter-relações entre pressupostos da Educação Ambiental e a coleta seletiva de resíduos sólidos. Resgatando-se historiograficamente a Educação Ambiental e as concepções de coleta seletiva de resíduos sólidos, a partir de revisão das literaturas sobre a temática, obtêm-se dados sobre estas inter-relações. A constatação da inter-relação proposta também foi verificada por um experimento realizado em um dos Departamentos acadêmicos da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. Assim, constituiu-se num estudo de caso, que também demonstrou empiricamente a relação direta entre a Educação Ambiental e a melhoria de funcionamento de sistemas de coleta seletiva. As conclusões oriundas destas investigações indicam que os processos educativos ambientais merecem atenção especial quando da implementação e do monitoramento de programas de coleta seletiva, pois são essenciais ao bom funcionamento destes programas. Relaciona-se a questão da coleta seletiva com a Tecnologia, pois a segregação de resíduos é realizada em função de processos tecnológicos existentes para a reciclagem, enquanto a diversidade de resíduos contemporâneos dá-se em função de novos processos tecnológicos. Assim, a Tecnologia é fator determinante na complexidade dos sistemas de coleta seletiva, e por esta razão é abordada neste Trabalho.
The present study has the goal of discussing the interrelations between the premises of environmental education and the better functioning of a selective collection of solid waste. From the posed question, reviewing the historiography of the environmental education and the conceptions of selective collection of solid waste, through the review of scientific literature about both subjects, it is obtained data of the referred interrelations. The confirmation of the proposed interrelation was verified by an experiment done in one of the academic departments of the Technological Federal University of Parana, too. Thus, it was constituted in a case study, which demonstrated empirically a direct relation between the applications of environmental education and the betterment of the functioning efficiency of a selective collection system. That is, as much better the environmental education applied, more efficient is the selective collection system. The conclusions of such investigations indicate that the environmental educative processes deserve special attention by occasions of implementation and monitoring of selective collection programs, because they are essential for the good functioning of such systems. Selective collection is related to Technology, because the segregation of waste is done by the fact that there are recycling technological processes, while the diversity of contemporary wastes occurs due to new technological processes. Thus, Technology is a determining factor in the complexity of selective collection systems, and that's why it is studied in this thesis.

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46

Carolino, Elisangela Ferruci 1973. "Abordagem energética dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) na temática da educação ambiental no município de Cerqueira César - SP /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90695.

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Orientador: Antenor Pasqual
Banca: Elias José Simon
Banca: Maria Gricia de Lourdes Grossi
Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta uma abordagem energética dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) gerados no município de Cerqueira César - SP e suas implicações ambientais, políticas e sociais. Para compreender o processo de geração de resíduos no município e demonstrar a viabilidade econômica da reciclagem, além de propor alternativas de tratamento ambiental mais adequado destes resíduos, foi feita a sua caracterização física utilizando como objeto de estudo o lixão da cidade. Posteriormente foi feita uma correlação com dados da literatura, sob o ponto de vista de economia de energia com a reciclagem de cada um dos materiais separados e quantificados na caracterização. Paralelamente a isto, buscou-se identificar a concepção dos indivíduos deste município com relação ao problema da geração de resíduos e os impactos gerados no meio ambiente, bem como o desperdício de recursos energéticos. Deste modo foi aplicado um questionário junto aos alunos da Sétima Série e Segundo Colegial de uma escola pública de Ensino Fundamental e Médio, no qual vários aspectos conceituais relacionados ao lixo foram abordados. Com base nestas informações, foi possível estabelecer relações entre a geração dos resíduos e aspectos sociais e econômicos do município, além de se determinar o potencial energético a ser poupado com a reciclagem destes.
Abstract: The present work deals with an energetic approach of the urban solid wastes (USW) produced at the Município de Cerqueira César (Cerqueira César County) - SP, and its environmental, political and social implications. To understand the process of waste production in the county and to demonstrate the economical viability of recycling, besides to propose environmental treatment alternatives more suitable to these residues, it was accomplished its physical characteristics using as object of study the city garbage dump. Afterward, it was done a correlation with the literature data, under the viewpoint of energy saving with the recycling of each material separated and quantified in the characterization. In parallel to this, it was aimed to identify the conception of the individuals of this county in relation to the problem of the production of residues and the impacts to the environment, as well as the energy resources loss. It was presented a questionnaire to senior students of the Secondary and High School of a public school, on which several conceptual aspects were discussed in relation to waste. Based on this information, it was possible to establish relations between the residues production and the social and economic aspects of the county, besides determining the energetic potential to be saved with the recycling.
Mestre

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47

Zelinski, Ricardo. "Avaliação do emprego de processos de separação por membranas em uma central de tratamento de efluentes galvânicos". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2018. https://repositorio.ucs.br/11338/3903.

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O processo galvanotécnico é responsável por gerar efluentes que contêm metais tóxicos e substâncias recalcitrantes. As restrições quanto à qualidade do lançamento de efluentes temse intensificado. Uma alternativa para essa problemática são os processos de separação por membranas, como a osmose inversa. O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar duas estratégias para a melhoria do desempenho de uma central de tratamentos galvânicos, compostas por suas estapas atuais de tratamento como: Tratamento físco-químico, oxidação avançada, filtração simples e trocador iônico) e a possibilidade da inserção da osmose inversa no processo existente (estratégia 1) ou a substituição do trocador iônico pela membrana de osmose inversa (estratégia 2). Neste estudo foi utilizada uma membrana de poliamida com camada seletiva de polissulfona, poisdd foi observada a eficiência das estratégias propostas perante os parâmetros ambientais, em que foram observadas remoções superiores a 92% de níquel total, 90% de cobre total, 81% de zinco total, 93% de fósforo total, 87% de demanda química de oxigênio, 90% de nitrogênio amoniacal e 100% de sólidos suspensos totais para a estratégia 1. Neste trabalho, ainda foram analisados os modelos de bloqueio pela metodologia de Hermia e avaliadas as resistências da membrana, utilizando o efluente galvânico. Os resultados mostraram que a membrana apresentou 80% de resistência por concentração para a estratégia 1 e 40% de fouling para a estratégia 2. Em ambas estratégias, o modelo de Hermia apresentou maior índice para bloqueio irreversível e padrão. Para a estratégia 1, o processo ocorreu ao longo de 180 minutos, e foi observada uma redução do fluxo de permeado de 63%. Após a limpeza química, foi observada uma recuperação do fluxo superior a 93%, sendo que os 7% que não foi possível se recuperar correspondem ao fouling irreversível. Para a estratégia 2, o processo ocorreu ao longo de 90 minutos com uma redução de fluxo de 94%. Após a limpeza a química, foi observada uma recuperação de fluxo de 71%, também mostrando a presença de fouling irreversível. Com a utilização do software Rosa 9.1 DOW, foi detectada para uma demanda de 10m³/h, a necessidade de 3 módulos de osmose inversa com 24 membranas, com uma área de filtração de 891,84 m², com uma pressão de trabalho de 6 bar de pressão e uma potência de bomba de 3,48 kWh. O software mencionado detectou problemas de CaSO4, devido às características do efluente para aumentar a vida útil das membranas. Isso implicaria em um sistema de abrandamento antes de ser submetido à osmose inversa. A avaliação econômica simplificada em comparação ao modelo atual de tratamento e a inserção de uma nova tecnologia, implicaria na instalação de um movo equipamento que triplicaria os custos atuais da central de tratamento de efluentes. Tendo em vista que os padrões de lançamento estão com níveis no limite da legislação, o novo equipamento traria segurança no cumprimento da legislação sem ficar na eminência de autuações perante o órgão ambiental. Mesmo com a estratégia 2 atendendo os padrões de lançamento e possibilitando a substituição de um processo, a estratégia 1 mostou-se mais eficaz, por apresentar menores concentrações finais, consequentemente, resultando em maior tempo de operação e maior viada útil da membrana, com menores paradas para limpezas químicas e custos operacionais.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES.
The galvanotechnical industry is responsible for generating effluents containing heavy metals and recalcitrant substances. The restrictions on the quality of effluent discharge have intensified. An alternative to this problem are membrane separation processes, such as reverse osmosis. The present study had the objective of analyzing two strategies to improve the performance of a galvanic treatment center, composed of its current stages of treatment as: physico-chemical treatment, advanced oxidation, simple filtration and ion exchange. Then, it was studied the possibility of insertion of the reverse osmosis in the existing process (strategy 1) or the replacement of the ion exchanger by the reverse osmosis membrane (strategy 2). For this purpose, a polyamide membrane with a selective polysulfone layer was used, where the efficiency of the proposed strategies was observed for the environmental parameter. Using strategy 1, the results were observed above 92% of total nickel, 90% of total copper, 81% of zinc, 93% of total phosphorus, 87% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 87% of ammonia nitrogen and 100% of total suspended s’olids. The Hermia methodology and the membrane resistance, using the galvanic effluent, were also analyzed by the blocking models. The results showed that the membrane presented 80% resistance per concentration for strategy 1 and 40% of fouling for strategy 2. In both strategies, the Hermia model presented a higher index for irreversible and standard block. For strategy 1, the process occurred over 180 minutes and a permeate flux reduction of 63% was observed. After the chemical cleaning, a recovery flow superior to 93% was observed, and 7% that could not be recovered correspond to irreversible fouling. For strategy 2, the process occurred over 90 minutes with a 94% of flow reduction. After cleaning, a flow recovery of 71% was observed, also showing the presence of irreversible fouling. The Rosa 9.1 DOW software showed that for a demand of 10m³ / h it would take 3 reverse osmosis modules with 24 membranes, filtration area of 891,84 m², working pressure of 6 bar pressure and a pump power of 3.48 kWh. The mentioned software detected problems of CaSO4, due to the effluent characteristics to increase the useful life of the membranes. This would imply a slowing system before being subjected to reverse osmosis. The simplified economic evaluation compared to the current treatment model and the insertion of a new technology, would entail the installation of a moving equipment that would triple the current costs of the effluent treatment plant. Considering that the release standards are at the limit of the legislation, the new equipment would treat security in compliance the legislation without being in the eminence of notices before the environmental agency. Even with strategy 2 meeting the launching standards and allowing the substitution of a process, strategy 1 has been shown to be more effective, since it presents lower final concentrations, resulting operating bigger life of the membrane, with lower stops for chemical clean-ups and operating costs.

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48

García, Jorge. "Essays on asymmetric information and environmental regulation through disclosure /". Göteborg : Dept. of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/4382.

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49

Lima, Francielle da Silva de. "Estratégias de educação ambiental em duas escolas municipais de Campo Magro - PR". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/995.

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Abstract (sommario):

Os princípios básicos na educação ambiental como as ações de sensibilização, compreensão e responsabilidade, tornam-se cada vez mais necessários para possibilitar reflexões sobre práticas cotidianas em prol da melhoria geral da qualidade de vida. Neste aspecto, a temática de resíduos sólidos inserida na educação ambiental pode representar uma valiosa contribuição para despertar a comunidade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo sensibilizar alunos de ensino fundamental de escolas municipais de Campo Magro – PR, sobre a importância da segregação e destinação correta de resíduos sólidos urbanos. Após a realização de entrevista com diretores e de diagnóstico dos ambientes das nove escolas municipais, foram definidas duas escolas para dar continuidade ao trabalho. Foi elaborado e aplicado um questionário para os alunos do 4º e 5º anos das escolas para avaliar as concepções e atitudes em relação à temática dos resíduos sólidos, ainda no mesmo dia foi solicitado a eles que realizassem uma representação (desenho) sobre o tema “lixo”. Através de análises destes instrumentos pôde-se fazer algumas considerações sobre o entendimento que os alunos têm da temática proposta, e traçar estratégias de educação ambiental de forma lúdica, como rodas de conversas e plantio de árvores, envolvendo as turmas de 4º e 5º anos. Também foram realizadas atividades de educação ambiental com os alunos dos 1°, 2° e 3° anos de ambas as escolas, além de diálogos com funcionários de limpeza, professores e os pais dos alunos. Após esta etapa, foram desenvolvidas e aplicadas atividades envolvendo as duas escolas, como confecções de cartazes (desenhos e frases) e de brinquedos, utilizando material reciclável. Todo o material produzido foi exposto nas escolas em um evento denominado “Reciclando Ideias”. No desenvolvimento das estratégias notou-se curiosidade e empenho bem como, trabalho e cooperação entre equipes. Em diálogo com os alunos, os mesmos opinavam de forma positiva sobre a continuidade das estratégias em outros momentos, mostrando interesse pelo assunto proposto e pela forma com que estávamos realizando o trabalho. Durante a realização dessas atividades pôde ser notado o envolvimento da comunidade escolar referente a questões ambientais em ambas as escolas, sendo relevante destacar a participação dos professores que sempre junto com seus alunos participaram e colaboraram para as atividades. Através desse projeto, pode ser confirmado que a temática ambiental para as séries iniciais da educação básica, deve ser trabalhada através de atividades diferenciadas e envolvendo alunos, professores, corpo técnico e a comunidade onde residem os alunos, pois somente com a ação dos multiplicadores ambientais é que será possível haver mudanças no cenário em que o meio ambiente encontra-se hoje.
The basic principles in environmental education as awareness, understanding and responsibility become actions are increasingly necessary to provide reflections on everyday practices on overall quality of life. In this regard, solid waste topic insertion in environmental education may represent a valuable contribution to awaken the community. The present study aimed to sensitize primary school students of municipal schools in Campo Magro - PR, of segregation and proper disposal of solid waste importance. After conducting interviews with directors and diagnostic environments of the nine public schools, two schools were established to continue the work. A questionnaire was elaborated and applied to students in 4th and 5th years of schools to assess views and attitudes towards solid waste topic, and they was prompted to stage a representation (drawing) on the topic "junk" on the same day. Through analysis of these instruments it was possible to make some considerations on the understanding that students have of the proposed topic, and design strategies for environmental education in a playful way, like wheels conversations and planting trees, involving groups of 4 and 5 years. Environmental education activities with students of 1st, 2nd and 3rd years of both schools were also performed, as well as dialogues with cleaning staff, teachers and parents of students. After this step, were developed and applied activities involving the two schools, as clothing, posters (drawings and phrases) and toys, using recyclable material. All material produced was exposed in schools in an event called "Recycling Ideas". The development of strategies was noted curiosity and commitment as well as work and cooperation between teams. In dialogue with the students, they opined positively about the continuity of the strategies at other times, showing interest in the proposed issue and by the way we were doing the work. While performing these activities could be noted the involvement of the school community regarding environmental issues at both schools, being relevant to highlight the participation of teachers who always together with their students participated and contributed to the activities. Through this project, it can be confirmed that the environmental issue in the early grades of elementary education, must be worked through differentiated activities and involving students, teachers, staff and community where students reside, because only with the action of environmental multipliers is that current environment scenario can be changed.

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50

Santos, Walquiria Menna Brusamolin. "Estudo da dinâmica em uma central de triagem em Campo Largo - PR e entendimento de uma comunidade quanto à separação e valorização dos resíduos sólidos". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1016.

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O objetivo do trabalho foi sensibilizar moradores e alunos de uma comunidade piloto quanto à correta separação, destinação e valorização dos resíduos sólidos, visando à melhoria nas condições de trabalho e de renda dos catadores de materiais recicláveis da central de triagem. A metodologia principal foi a pesquisa ação, que envolveu três etapas: fase exploratória, de ação e de avaliação. Para embasamento das ações de sensibilização, a fase exploratória contou, primeiramente, com o estudo da dinâmica de trabalho em uma central de triagem. Tal estudo se justifica pelo fato de que uma central de triagem é o elo principal entre a fonte geradora de resíduos sólidos e as indústrias recicladoras. Além disso, foi realizado diagnóstico da percepção de moradores e alunos sobre a separação e a valorização dos resíduos sólidos, em uma um bairro piloto, alvo das ações de sensibilização. Na fase de avaliação, novo estudo do entendimento da comunidade piloto foi feito para compreender se a sensibilização trouxe mudanças de percepção e se houve algum tipo de interferência nos gargalos diagnosticados na central de triagem. Os principais resultados apontaram as etapas de triagem e do rejeito como gargalos, as quais sofrem interferência da segregação nas fontes geradoras e da deficiência dos sistemas de logística reversa para escoamento dos resíduos. As ações de sensibilização com alunos e moradores resultaram em aprimoramento da percepção quanto à importância do envio de materiais limpos e secos à coleta seletiva; ao conhecimento de uma associação de catadores e à importância de destinar resíduos especiais, como lâmpadas fluorescentes, às revendas, diminuindo a recepção de resíduos perigosos na central de triagem. Os resultados servirão para embasar as discussões com a cadeia produtiva visando ao escoamento sustentável dos resíduos, e as ações já foram replicadas no município em toda a rede municipal e estadual de ensino, e em residências atendidas pelo programa das agentes comunitárias de saúde.
The objective of this work was to sensitize residents and students in a pilot community for proper separation, disposal and recovery of solid waste in order to improve working conditions and income of recyclable materials collectors from a sorting center. The main methodology was action research, which involved three stages: exploratory, action and evaluation. The working dynamics study in a sorting center based sensitization actions, in exploratory stage. The main link between the source of solid waste and recycling industries is a sorting center that is why this study is important. Moreover, perception diagnosis of separation and recycling of solid waste was made with residents and students in a pilot neighborhood. New study was done in the evaluation phase to find perception changes and to know if sensitization actions interfered in the sorting center bottlenecks diagnosed. The main results showed that steps of sorting and tailings are bottlenecks, suffering interference from domiciliary segregation and deficiency of reverse logistics systems for waste disposal. Sensitization actions with students and residents improved the perception of sending clean and dry recyclable materials to selective collection. Also improved the knowledge of an association of recyclable material collectors and the importance of devoting hazardous wastes such as fluorescent lamps, to resellers, decreasing the receipt of this kind of waste at the sorting center. The results will be used to support discussions with the producers chain toward sustainable waste disposal. Actions have already been replicated in the city throughout municipal and state schools, and homes served by the program of community health workers.

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