Tesi sul tema "Facteur Neurotrophique Dérivé du Cerveau (BDNF)"
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Marmigère, Frédéric. "Effets du BDNF et régulation de sa synthèse dans des neurones peptidergiques hypothalamiques". Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20071.
Testo completoPawlowski, Sophie. "Voie parabrachio-amygdaloïde : implication du brain-derived neutrophic factor (BDNF) dans la réponse à la morphine". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6152.
Testo completoCentral part of extended amygdala (EAc) is associated to emotional states modulation in a number of physiological or pathological situations such as anxiety, fear, addiction or pain-related behaviors. EAc receives afferences from the parabrachial nucleus (PB) which is a major integrative center for viscero- and somato-sensory information. Numerous neuropeptides and associated receptors are expressed in the PB. In particular, exogenous morphine acts through mu opioid receptors found in high density in PB external lateral part (PBel). This region also displays a large concentration of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) expressing neurons. This neurotrophine plays a critical role in development and nervous system regeneration but it is also known for its implication in synaptic plasticity mechanisms. We hypothesized that BDNF could be a critical element of the parabrachio-amygdaloid pathway, extended to the whole EAc pathway. We have thus assessed its implication in morphine analgesia and opiates addiction. Ibotenic acid injection or local specific BDNF gene deletion in the PBel reduces the expression of naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal-induced physical symptoms and significatively reduces morphine-induced analgesia without affecting tolerance phenomena associated with repetitive morphine injection. However, basal nociceptive sensibilities of animals were not affected and no influence on their anxiety level or motor capacities was observed. Moreover, the induction of transcription factor c-Fos by acute morphine or by naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal is reduced in EAc of BDNF-deleted mice. Our results, associated to the data from the literature, suggest an interaction between mu opioid receptors and BDNF in the parabrachio-EAc pathway
Cao, Jingxian. "Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in anorexia nervosa". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UNIP5290.
Testo completoAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a multifaceted eating disorder marked by severe caloric restriction, extreme weight loss, and distorted body image. This thesis investigates the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in AN through the lens of neurobiological, metabolic, and psychological factors. Using a chronic animal model, the research examines how BDNF signaling intersects with reward and cognitive circuits, as well as its implications for the muscle-brain axis and the role of other neurotrophins in AN. Chapter 1 delves into the neurobiological and metabolic dimensions of AN. It focuses on how BDNF signaling dynamics are affected by chronic restriction, refeeding, and binge behaviors, specifically within brain structures associated with reward and cognitive circuits. Utilizing a chronic animal model, this chapter explores alterations in BDNF signaling across key brain regions, including the dorsal striatum (DS), prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and ventral tegmental area (VTA). It examines how these changes impact reward processing, cognitive functions, and overall metabolic homeostasis in the context of AN. The chapter also addresses the broader implications of these findings for understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of the disorder and its treatment. Chapter 2 investigates the dynamics of BDNF signaling and its relationship with genes implicated in the muscle-brain axis. This chapter examines how BDNF interacts with both rapid and slow muscle fibers and explores the connections between muscle and key brain regions, including the hippocampus and hypothalamus. The research highlights how these interactions influence neurobiological and metabolic processes in AN. By elucidating the role of BDNF in muscle-brain communication, this chapter contributes to a deeper understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying AN and their potential implications for treatment strategies. Chapter 3 explores the role of other neurotrophins, specifically NTF3, NTF5, and NGF, in brain regions associated with AN. This chapter investigates how these neurotrophins are regulated and their impact on AN-related brain structures. By examining the expression and function of NTF3, NTF5, and NGF, the research provides insights into their contributions to the neurobiological processes underlying AN
Rangon, Claire-Marie. "Importance des facteurs neurotrophiques dans la protection cérébrale périnatale : exemples du VIP et du BDNF". Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05S023.
Testo completoThe neonatal brain is often exposed to insults. We have developped a mice model allowing studies of neonatal brain lesions. On postnatal day 5, pups are injected intracerebrally with ibotenate, (NMDA agonist) resulting in both cortical and white matter lesions. When co-injected with ibotenate, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) protects white matter. VIP binds to an atypical VPAC2 receptor that stimulate Kinase C Protein and triggers Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) induction and excretion by astrocytes. BDNF binds to neuronal TrkB receptors coupled to the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases pathway which stimulates sprouting and axonal re-growth. Nevertheless, BDNF can be powerless to protect the immature brain : prenatal chronic ultra_mild stress does exacerbate neonatal brain lesions while increasing BDNF mRNA content in male pups. However, injection of allosteric modulators of AMPA receptors (called AMPAkines) increases BDNF synthesis and decreases neonatal brain lesions
Marget, Pierre. "Caractérisation de deux neuropeptides : le BDNF et la neurotensine dans les lymphocytes B". Limoges, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIMO310F.
Testo completoThe "Brain-derived neurotrophic factor" BDNF is a growth factor wich regulates plasticity of both neuronal cells and astrocytes and plays an impportant function in B-cell homeostasis via its interaction with its high-affinity receptors, TrkB "Tropomyosin receptor kinase". Neurotensin, another neuropeptide, regulates inflammation in the digestive system and plays a role of neurotransmitter in central nervous system through its binding to its specific receptors NTSR1, NTSR2 and NTSR3. We described, for the first time, the expression of neurotensin and its receptors in B cell ines reproducing all different stages of B cell differentiation, as well as in B lymphocytes from healthy donors and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We showed positive effect of neurotensin on survival and proliferation of b cell lines in pro-apoptotic culture conditions. We also compared BDNF and neurotensin intracellular signalling pathways in two plasmacytic cell lines and their potential interactions and we analyzed potential interactions between TrkB, NTSR1 et NTSR2. These results underline an important role of neurotensin in B-cell homeostasis as wemm as different regulatory effects of BDNF and neurotensin on two plasmacytic cell lines under pro-apoptotic culture conditions
Petit-Dop, Florence. "Effets de deux neurotrophines, BDNF et NT3, et d'un nouveau peptide, le "Melanin concentrating hormone Gene Overprinted Polypeptide" (MGOP) sur le développement de neurones hypophysiotropes de Rat in vitro". Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T031.
Testo completoBurnouf, Sylvie. "Etude in vivo des relations entre la pathologie Tau et le système neurotrophique BDNF/TRKB". Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL2S026.
Testo completoMemory is the ability of our brain to encode, store and recall our experiences. It holds our personal history and is required for an appropriate interaction with the environment. Such events require a high level of plasticity in the hippocampus and the cortex. At the molecular level, neurotrophins are important modulators of structural and functional plasticity. Among them, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and its high-affinity receptor TrkB (Tropomyosine-related kinase B) are highly expressed in these cerebral regions, where beyond their role in trophic supply they can modulate synaptic transmission and synaptogenesis. Their role in memory processes has been shown in various studies. When memory is lost, as in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), people lose the ability to comprehend the world and as a result, they lose connections with themselves and with others. The main risk factor of AD being age, this neurodegenerative disease is becoming a major public health problem due to population ageing. AD patients brain exhibit two pathological hallmarks : extracellular amyloid deposits made of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) made of aggregated hyper- and abnormally phosphorylated Tau proteins. In addition, BDNF/TrkB neurotrophic system has been shown to be impaired in AD patients’ cortex and hippocampus, suggesting a role in the disease physiopathology. In vivo studies using amyloid models of AD have pointed out a correlation between Aβ accumulation and BDNF decreased expression. However, whether Tau pathology impacts on BDNF/TrkB system signaling is unknown. Yet, in AD, Tau pathology follows a stereotyped and sequential pathway correlated with ognitive deficits. The lesions first appear in the hippocampal region, even before the first symptoms, and then reach the whole cortex at later stages. Therefore, in the laboratory we are most interested in Tau pathology, the mechanisms leading to its aggregation and the consequences on cellular physiology. We have developed the THY-Tau22 transgenic mouse model overexpressing a double-mutated human Tau transgene, which is under the control of a neuronal promoter. This model exhibits progressive learning and memory deficits, starting from the age of 3 months, in parallel to hippocampal Tau pathology, without major neuronal loss thereby mimicking early stages of AD. These characteristics make it a relevant model to study Tau pathology effects on hippocampal BDNF/TrkB system. Using biochemical techniques we have shown that BDNF/TrkB mRNA and protein levels were not decreased in THY-Tau22 mice hippocampus until the age of 12 months, suggesting no major influence of Tau pathology on BDNF/TrkB expression. However, electrophysiological experiments performed on hippocampal slices pointed out the fact that BDNF facilitating effects on synaptic transmission, known as synaptic facilitation, were abolished in hippocampal CA1 region of THYTau22 mice, as early as 3 months of age. This form of synaptic plasticity requires coupling of TrkB with NMDA glutamate receptor (NMDAR). In agreement with biochemical experiments showing a decreased expression of hippocampal NMDAR subunits, electrophysiological assessments on hippocampal slices uncovered impairment of NMDAR-mediated response. Overall, these data suggest that a form of BDNF-mediated synaptic plasticity is impaired in an early manner by Tau pathology, through functional alterations of NMDAR, thereby potentially contributing to memory alterations observed in AD. To further evaluate relationships between BDNF/TrkB signaling and Tau pathology, we investigated whether BDNF modulation had an impact on Tau pathology. Several studies suggest that physical activity prevents cognitive decline in AD. Yet, one major central effect of exercise is to induce a chronic increase of hippocampal BDNF. To study long-term effects of voluntary exercise on Tau pathology, 3 month-old THY-Tau22 mice and controls were given free access to a running wheel during 9 months. Our results show a decrease of Tau pathology in running THY-Tau22 mice hippocampus, together with prevention of spatial memory deficits and increase of hippocampal BDNF levels, suggesting beneficial effects of long-lasting modulation of BDNF/TrkB system on Tau pathology and its physiopathological consequences. Overall, results gathered during this thesis suggest a bilateral relationship between Tau pathology and BDNF/TrkB neurotrophic system, thereby highlighting the importance of neurotrophin modulation for AD treatment
Barbereau, Clément. "Neurotoxicité précoce et mécanismes de neuroprotection dans des modèles poisson‐zèbre de tauopathies". Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03179669.
Testo completoTauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases, associated with pathological Tau proteins. The Tau protein is expressed in the nervous system cells and is involved in microtubule network stabilization, via specific binding domains. Abnormal post-translational processes can lead to the loss of Tau stabilizing function. Therefore, acquisition of aggregative and neurotoxic properties results into the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles in neurons, which are histopathological markers of tauopathies and Alzheimer’s disease. Oligomer formation and aggregation is also associated with Tau mutations specific of different pathologies with distinct etiology. One of the projects led by the team is to characterize the involvement of the neurotrophic factor BDNF in zebrafish models of tauopathies. A decrease in BDNF induced by the peptide Aβ has been observed in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, but few studies have focused on the possible links between BDNF and pathological Tau proteins. Initial results evidenced a decrease in BDNF in zebrafish larvae expressing the pathological protein TauP301L. The main objective of my thesis was the analysis of the neuronal and sensory-motor phenotypes of zebrafish larvae with overexpression of wild type or mutated Tau proteins (TauWT, TauA152T and TauP301L). Tau phosphorylation, neurotoxicity and sensory-motor defects induced by this overexpression were characterized. We next evaluated the neuroprotective role of an exogenous treatment of BDNF on neurotoxicity at the cellular and functional levels. In addition, other signaling pathways that may be involved in the observed deficits were investigated. Our results showed that overexpression of human Tau protein in zebrafish larvae induces Tau hyperphosphorylation, neuronal death and/or axonal retraction, associated with sensory and locomotor deficits. Overexpression of TauWT, or mutated proteins (TauA152T, TauP301L) lead to different locomotor responses: TauWT induced a decrease in locomotor activity, decrease even more pronounced for TauA152T, while TauP301L leads to locomotor hyperactivity of the larvae. In order to rescue the observed phenotypes, we tested neuroprotective factors including lithium chloride (LiCl), known as a GSK3β inhibitor described to improve the deficits induced by TauP301L. LiCl resulted in the recovery of a locomotor phenotype for the TauP301L lineage, similar to the controls. At the same time, an exogenous supply of BDNF, or a TrkB receptor agonist, partially alleviated neurotoxicity and fully restored locomotor defects. The BDNF and LiCl treatments had no beneficial effect on locomotor alterations in larvae expressing the TauWT and TauA152T proteins. In order to test other signaling pathways involved in tauopathies, we next investigated the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway, or UPR. Our preliminary data indicate several alterations of UPR effectors in larvae, such as an increase in the PERK protein level for larvae expressing TauWT and TauA152T. However, no beneficial effect was observed with a PERK inhibitor on TauWT or TauA152T larvae. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that overexpression of TauA152T or TauP301L proteins leads to Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, and a similar neurotoxicity. Sensory-motor tests were able to discriminate the effects induced by these two mutations. Furthermore, only TauP301L larvae displayed a decrease in the expression of the neurotrophic factor BDNF, that could be rescued by a pharmacological approach with the recovery of the locomotor phenotype. The two mutations studied have different aggregation and propagation properties and our data provide a complementary functional aspect in the perspective of testing new neuroprotective compounds
Talbot, Hugo. "Résistance des lymphocytes B à la mort cellulaire au cours de la leucémie lymphoïde chronique : implications d'une neurotrophine, le BDNF, du récepteur de la neurotensine, NTSR2, et des "nurse-like cells"". Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0066/document.
Testo completoChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignant hemopathy characterized by the accumulation of apoptosis resistant mature B lymphocytes in peripheral blood and secondary lymphoid organs. In these secondary lymphoid organs, the tumor microenvironment, notably Nurse-like Cells (NLCs), plays a major role in leukemic cells survival and proliferation promotion. In this study, an overexpression of neurotensin receptor NTSR2, a G-protein coupled receptor, was identified. NTSR2 is constitutively activated in circulating leukemic cells and its activation depends on its interaction with tyrosine kinase activity receptor TrkB upon binding of its ligand, BDNF. Activation of NTSR2-TrkB by BDNF induces survival signaling by Src and Akt pathways, and in term anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL overexpression. Inhibition of NTSR2 in those cells impacts their viability. In the presence of NLCs, expressions of NTSR2, TrkB, BDNF, and sortilin, a neurotrophin and Trk receptor transport regulator, are enhanced. NLCs produce BDNF, stimulate Src activation, and their protective role on leukemic cells is BDNF-dependent. Taken together, this study highlights a key role of NTSR2-TrkB-BDNF in leukemic cells survival signaling, both in the circulation or in the tumor microenvironment, and might thus constitute a potential new therapeutic target
Ehinger, Yann. "Stratégies de stimulation du transport axonal endogène du Bdnf comme piste thérapeutique dans le syndrome de Rett". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0142/document.
Testo completoRett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurological disorder caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene, located on the X chromosome. After a period of apparent normal development, females with MECP2 mutations undergo a regression of early developmental milestones, resulting in the deterioration of motor skills, eye contact, speech, and hand movements and ultimately resulting in severe breathing disturbances, as the disease progresses, and severe handicap. Bdnf, a neuronal modulator that plays a key role in neuronal survival, development, and plasticity has been found to be one of the main factors altered in the absence of Mecp2. The Bdnf pathway is one of the most appealing pathways to target in RTT. Bdnf itself is unable to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and needs to be indirectly activated. Thus, we developed an indirect strategy to enhance Bdnf trafficking in neurons. Huntingtin (Htt) phosphorylation of Serine 421 enhances Bdnf transport and promoting Htt phosphorylation may restore Bdnf homeostasis in Mecp2 KO brain. We tested this possibility using two approaches to promote Htt phosphorylation of S421 in Mecp2-deficient neurons and Mecp2 KO mice. We evaluated the consequences of Htt S421 phosphorylation on BDNF axonal trafficking in projecting corticostriatal neurons in vitro, and in vivo on the behavior of Mecp2 KO mice. Our findings demonstrate that pharmacological and genetic stimulation approaches correct Bdnf trafficking in vitro and improve longevity and behavioural features in Mecp2 KO mice. Htt S421 phosphorylation appears to be a possible target for the development of treatments in RTT
Zussy, Charleine. "Caractérisation des effets de l'injection intracérébroventriculaire du peptide β-amyloïde [25-35] chez le rat mâle adulte : impact sur un système de neuroprotection endogène : le BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor) et ses récepteurs". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20204.
Testo completoAlzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative pathology characterized by the presence of senile plaques. The major component of senile plaques is an amyloid-ß protein (Aβ). In this study, we assessed the time-course effects and regional changes observed after a single intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of aggregated Aβ fragment [25-35] (Aβ25-35; 10 µg/rat), on physiological parameters (body weight, general activity and body temperature), behavioral responses (spatial short- and long-term memories), stress parameters (BDNF and CORT levels, oxidative, inflammation, neuroprotection, cellular) and on histological parameters (neuroinflammation, acetylcholine systems, hippocampus integrity, BDNF system). We shown that a single icv injection of Aβ25-35 has a significant impact on short- and long-term memories, HPA axis activity, oxidative stress, brain level of a neuroprotective agent (BDNF) and its receptors (TrkB and p75), ER and mitochondrial stress, apoptotic processes, astrogliosis and microgliosis, cholinergic systems, hippocampus integrity and hippocampal neurogenesis. This study allows to realize the parallel existing between the effects induced by Aβ25-35 icv injection and numerous relevant signs of the pathology observed in patients. It seems that effects observed could be due to differential regulation of BDNF system on cerebral regions
Banoujaafar, Hayat. "Contribution de l'hémodynamique cérébrale à l'élévation des taux de BNDF cérébraux induite par l'activité physique chez le rat". Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOPE01/document.
Testo completoThe regular practice of physical activity (PA) is an important public health message. PA not only improves cardiovascular health through the increase in NO (nitric oxide) production by the vascular endothelium but also through the increase levels in brain BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) levels. As the synthesis and secretion of BDNF are proportional to neuronal activity, it is generally accepted that PA-induced brain BDNF levels elevation is linked to neuronal hyperactivity. We tested the hypothesis that the increase in blood flow in cerebrovasculature during PA contributes to increase brain BDNF levels. The experiments were carried out in sedentary and trained rats (treadmill). Our results show that: 1) brain BDNF levels elevation induced by PA (treadmill, 18m /min, 30 min /day, 7 consecutive days) is lower when the normal rise of cerebral blood flow during the PA is prevented by occluding one or both common carotid arteries, 2) the effect of PA on brain BDNF levels is dependent on PA intensity (horizontal versus downhill), 3) the presence of endothelial dysfunction (spontaneously hypertensive rat model) as well as NO synthase inhibition decrease the effects of PA on brain BDNF levels and 4) there is a positive association between brain BDNF levels and vascular endothelium NO production .Collectively, our results suggest that increase in brain BDNF levels, induced by PA, involves increase in cerebrovasculature blood flow and more precisely elevation in endothelium NO production. They provide new data for understanding the relationship between endothelial function and cognitive performance, raising the idea that PA modalities to improve brain health might be different in pathologies diseases with endothelial dysfunction
Pedard, Martin. "Endothélium, inflammation et cognition : focus sur le BDNF". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCI008/document.
Testo completoBDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) has been discovered in the brain and is widely implicated in neuroplasticity, memory and cognition through the activation of neuronal TrkB (tropomyosin receptor kinase B) receptors. We have recently shown that the cardiovascular system contained as much BDNF as the brain and that exogenous BDNF was able to induce endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation. Other studies have suggested that activation of endothelial TrkB receptors by BDNF is involved in atherosclerotic processes. Our laboratory suspects a close interaction between endothelial NO and BDNF and has even considered the possibility of involvement of BDNF secreted by cerebral microvessel endothelium in cognition. Patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an inflammatory disease of autoimmune origin, are at risk of cardiovascular disease and have an impairment of cognition, including a higher risk of depression. Surprisingly, the effect of RA on BDNF is poorly documented. The only available studies report an increase of BDNF in the blood and synovial fluid in RA. Our hypothesis is that a reduction in endothelial expression of BDNF may contribute to the cardiovascular risk and cognitive deficit associated with RA. Thus, in our work, we studied vascular and cerebral BDNF and its TrkB receptor on the rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis.Our main findings show that arthritis leads to 1) a decrease in BDNF levels in aortas independently of the severity of inflammatory symptoms but dependent on endothelial function, 2) a decrease in brain BDNF levels independent of the severity of inflammatory symptoms, but link with endothelial function, 3) a decreased expression of BDNF and its activated TrkB receptor at both neuronal and endothelial levels in the brain regions involved in cognition, 4) a positive correlation between endothelial expression of BDNF and neuronal expression of activated TrkB, 5) a lack of correlation between serum BDNF levels and its cerebral or vascular levels, but on the other hand the existence of a positive correlation between serum BDNF levels and inflammation, whether clinical or biological.All of these data support the hypothesis that endothelial BDNF may be involved in atherosclerotic risk and cognitive impairment associated with arthritis. Inflammation should be considered as a confounding factor when circulating levels of BDNF are used as a reflection of levels present in the brain
Boulle, Fabien. "Les régulations épigénétiques au niveau de la signalisation BDNF-TRKB dans la physiopathologie et traitement des troubles anxio-dépressifs". Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P617/document.
Testo completoMood disorders are among the major health problems worldwide due to the high prevalence and recurrence in the general population, and the significant burden for individual life quality and the repercussion on healthcare systems and society. Up to date, the etiology and biological mechanisms underlying mood disorders are still poorly understood. Mounting evidences suggest that a complex interaction between genes and environment might account in the development and course of major depression i.e. one of the most prevalent affective disorders. Accordingly, complex epigenetic regulations - consisting of key mechanisms by which environmental factors induce enduring changes in gene expression without altering the DNA code - have been suspected to plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of depression. More specifically, epigenetic repression of the gene encoding for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) - a small-secreted growth factor implicated in brain development and neuronal plasticity - may have a preponderant role in the onset of depression and other mood disorders. In this context, the research presented in this thesis aimed at exploring the role of BDNF signaling and its downstream epigenetic regulations in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders. Our findings indicate that epigenetic regulation at BDNF/TrkB signaling is critically important in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal plasticity. Moreover, environmental variations, especially when occurring in development, are able to induce stable and enduring epigenetic reprogramming involving aberrant BDNF/TrkB signaling and impaired neuroplasticity, thereby increasing vulnerability to stress and mood disorders. Interestingly, antidepressants require TrkB to exert some of their neurochemical and behavioral effects. Hence, targeting the BDNF receptor TrkB to restore a normal epigenetic regulation and neuronal functioning appears to be a promising strategy for the treatment of mood disorders
Lalisse, Sarah. "Analyse de la signalisation purinergique dans les pathologies du système nerveux : rôles des récepteurs P2X neuronaux". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTT050.
Testo completoPurinergic receptors P2X are ATP-gated ion channels widely expressed in the organism and involved in many physiological and pathological states. Particularly, P2X4 receptors have been involved in chronic pain. Following nerve injury, their expression is induced de novo in activated spinal cord microglia where they are responsible for the BDNF release leading to tactile allodynia, a characteristic of neuropathic pain. Our study shows that neuronal P2X4 receptors are crucial actors of other pathological processes, including inflammatory pain. We show that P2X4R are expressed in sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglions and seem involved in BDNF release in the spinal cord. This release leads to activation of BDNF/TrkB signalization pathways, and particularly to the downregulation of KCC2. This process underlies the spinal hyperexcitability in chronic inflammatory pain states. These results have been extended to model of excitotoxicity in the hippocampus mimicking the lesions caused by an epileptic activity. Our preliminary results suggest that neuronal P2X4 receptors are likely major actors in the BDNF release in the hippocampus following an excitotoxicitic insult
Béjot, Yannick. "Infarctus cérébral et plasticité : focus sur le BDNF". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939908.
Testo completoRafiq, Muhammad. "Post-operative dysregulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in cortex and hippocampus of rats". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ127/document.
Testo completoBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in cognition and hippocampus and cortical structures are important in cognition. The present study was designed to analyse the post-operative effects on BDNF. For this purpose, we examined the effects of short duration propofol anaesthesia, LPS and minor surgery on the BDNF protein alteration in the hippocampus and cortex.Young male Sprague Dawley rats were used in all experiments except Arvicanthis ansorgei which were used to study the circadian rhythmicity of BDNF protein as model for diurnal rodents. The quantity of BDNF protein present in the cortex and hippocampal supernatants was determined with an ELISA technique. Memory was tested by fear conditioning using the classic fear conditioning preparation (passive avoidance apparatus).The major finding on BDNF protein in control conditions is that the BDNF protein followed a circadian rhythmicity during the 24 hours of day in the rat’s hippocampus and cortex. The concentration of BDNF protein has been observed to reach a maximum at ZT5 (5 hours afterthe light on period) whether the animals were nocturnal or diurnal. In addition, we found that BDNF protein amount is up regulated in the hippocampus and cortex of rats when they were submitted to short duration propofol anaesthesia, as well as LPS and no effect when minor surgery under propofol anaesthesia was performed.In conclusion, these studies illustrate the dramatic effects of post-operative conditions and neuroinflammation induced by LPS on cognition and the potential mechanism involved. This study also suggests the protective effects of the short duration propofol anaesthesia against neuroinflammation induced by LPS
Enette, Lievyn. "Faisabilité et comparaison d'un entrainement aérobie de type continu ou intermittent sur les capacités physiologiques, cognitives et la qualité de vie, chez des personnes âgées présentant un trouble neurocognitif majeur associé à la maladie d'Alzheimer". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ054.
Testo completoAerobic training (AT) shows health benefits for older with Alzheimer disease, but the physiological mechanisms that explain these remain to be analyzed. The objectives of this work were to study the feasibility of continuous aerobic training (CAT) or interval aerobic training (IAT) over 9 weeks and to compare their effect on brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plasma level, aerobic fitness, cognitive capacities and quality of life (QoL) in older with AD. No significant changes in terms of BDNF plasma level and cognitive performance was measured but a significantly improvement of endurance parameters was found. QoL was improved after CAT. This work shown that CAT and IAT are both feasible and equally effective to improve aerobic fitness. CAT had a positive impact on QoL, but both aerobic training failed to induce significant BDNF responses and improve cognitive performances
Panayotis, Nicolas. "Etude des déficits catécholaminergiques centraux chez la souris Mecp2-déficiente, modèle murin du syndrome de Rett". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20734.
Testo completoDNA methylation is the major modification of eukaryotic genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development. The protein Mecp2 (Methyl CpG binding protein 2), encoded by a gene located on the X chromosome, belongs to the ‘Methyl Binding domain’ protein family. Based on its structure and its interactions Mecp2 has historically been described as a repressor of expression for many genes. Currently, its involvement as an activator of transcription and its role in chromatin architecture suggests that it could be a global regulator of the epigenome. Mutations in MECP2 lead to neurological disorders, among which Rett syndrome (RTT). This dominant X-linked pathology mainly affects girls (incidence: 1/15000 live births). Although the precise causes of the RTT phenotype are unknown, the pattern of Mecp2 expression is related to synaptogenesis, maturation and neuromaintenance. Before my integration in the ‘Human Neurogenetics’ team, this group identified neural deficits, affecting brainstem and peripheral catecholaminergic cell groups, causing respiratory disturbances in a mouse model of this disease. My thesis work enabled the characterization of the postnatal physiological and motor deficits affecting the Mecp2-deficient mice. The study of catecholaminergic structures of interest such as the substantia nigra pars compacta and the locus coeruleus has revealed that the central noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons are affected in their metabolism. The number of immunolabelled neurons of these groups appears significantly reduced and would result in a gradual loss of the mature ‘catecholaminergic’ phenotype, in the absence of cell death. Our data suggest that these defects are a neuropathological correlate for behavioral disorders observed in Mecp2-deficient mice. Some motor deficits have been improved, with L-Dopa, a pro-dopaminergic drug. In relation with Bdnf (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor) reduction described in patients and Mecp2-deficient mice, we identified that a change in the dosage of Mecp2 deregulates genes (Htt, Hap1) encoding proteins involved in the intracellular transport of Bdnf. Our work allows to postulate that in the Mecp2-deficient neurons, an altered dynamics of Bdnf vesicles transport could exacerbate the deficit of expression of this neurotrophin. Our treatment of Mecp2-deficient mice with cysteamine, a molecule able to increase Bdnf contents and enhancing its release and secretion, increased the survival of the animals and reduced their motor defects. Our results show that the Mecp2-deficiencies lead to alteration in the axonal transport of Bdnf in addition to deficits in Bdnf production. In addition, by the use of pharmacological agents that affect this transport, we offer new therapeutic perspectives
MARTIN, ANNICK. "Etude structure-fonction du facteur neurotrophique derive du cerveau (bdnf) murin. Caracterisation de residus indispensables a son activite biologique". Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066278.
Testo completoChénard-Poirier, Marie-Pierre. "Rôle des récepteurs nucléaires Nur77, Nurr1 et Nor-1 dans l'hippocampe en lien avec le BDNF, la mémoire et l'anxiété". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25508.
Testo completoMayeur, Sylvain. "Retard de croissance intra-utérin et vulnérabilité au syndrome métabolique : recherche de marqueurs placentaires dans un modèle de dénutrition maternelle prénatale et chez l'Homme". Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829097.
Testo completoGodin, Juliette. "Maladie de Huntington : Dynamiques intracellulaires et voies de dégradation comme cibles thérapeutiques". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T025.
Testo completoAktaş, Yeşim. "Encapsulation d'inhibiteurs de caspase dans des nanoparticules adressées au cerveau". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA114816.
Testo completoBenlakehal, Ryma. "Study of maternal-mediated mechanisms in the epigenetic programming induced by maternal stress : Transgenerational transmission and oxytocin". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS105.
Testo completoAdverse environmental factors play a major role in health and disease development, among these factors is stress, especially when it occurs during critical periods, such as the perinatal period (prenatal and postnatal), it increases maternal glucocorticoids and reduces maternal behavior, leading to maladaptive programming in the offspring. Using the perinatal stress (PRS) model in rats, my PhD project aimed to investigate the transmission of PRS-induced deficits through the maternal line to subsequent generations via intergenerational and transgenerational inheritance, and to uncover the mechanisms of multigenerational transmission via activation of the oxytocinergic system through postpartum treatment of the stressed mother. This study is the first to examine the transmission as well as the reversal of PRS deficits through multiple generations. Thus, we explored the corrective effect of enhancing maternal behavior through oxytocinergic activation using an oxytocin analog (carbetocin: CBT; injected intraperitoneally and intranasally) or an alternative approach via the probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri (administered in drinking water) which is known to display oxytocinergic activity. Our findings revealed that gestational stress in F0 dams reduced maternal care over three generations until F2 dams. Additionally, stressed dams showed a disturbed stress/anti-stress balance and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction, characterized by increased corticosterone levels (CORT) and reduced oxytocin (OT) in the plasma. Moreover, stressed mothers exhibited reduced OT levels and its receptor OTR in the hypothalamus, alongside increased BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) and its isoforms. These maternal changes led to disturbances in the offspring, including impaired risk-taking behavior in the Elevated-Plus Maze (EPM) and an imbalance in the HPA axis, persisting transgenerationally up to the F3 offspring. This was accompanied by neurochemical changes in the hippocampus of the PRS offspring, including increased BDNF and reduced MR (mineralocorticoid receptors), GR (glucocorticoid receptors), and mGluR2/R3 (metabotropic glutamate 2 and 3 receptors) up to the F2 generation. Overall, robust correlations were highlighted between early-life exposure in mothers and changes in offspring over multiple generations. Remarkably, both intraperitoneal and intranasal CBT successfully increased peripheral OT levels in F0 treated dams with consequent enhancement of maternal care which in turn rescued all the behavioral and neurochemical deficits studied in the PRS offspring which persisted up to the F2 generation. We also provided groundbreaking evidence of L. reuteri action on maternal behavior in the stressed dams with associated elevation of OT levels in both plasma and hypothalamus and normalization of hypothalamic BDNF levels to those of control unstressed dams. Again, the reversal of maternal behavior deficit induced by L. reuteri benefited the PRS offspring.This study underscored the importance of maternal care and the postpartum period, and oxytocinergic activation appears to exert beneficial effects through a mechanism involving the stress/anti-stress balance and the OT/BDNF interplay. Together, these findings suggest potential therapeutic strategies for mitigating the effects of early-life stress and improving the health of the mother-infant dyad
Tonoli, Cajsa. "Diabetes-associated cognitive decline, is there a role for exercice? : a study on the effects of physical activity and exercise on neurotrophic markers and cognitive function in type 1 diabetes". Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S059/document.
Testo completoWhen compared to healthy controls, patients with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), show a modest, but significant decline in their cognitive function (Brands et al., 2005). This cognitive decline is manifested through a deceleration of mental speed and a diminished mental flexibility. Hence, patients with T1D are less able to flexibly apply acquired knowledge in a new situation (Wessels et al., 2008). Even if the decline in cognitive function is modest, it could significantly influence daily activities of T1D patients, negatively affecting patients’ Quality of Life (QOL). Moreover, EEG studies have shown an increased incidence of abnormalities of brain functions in patients with T1D (Beauquis et al., 2009, Brands et al., 2004). According to the literature, mechanisms for cognitive decline are ascribed to episodes of severe hypoglycaemia, chronic hyperglycemia and C-peptide/insulin deficiency. Because the brain cannot synthesize or store glucose, it requires continuous supply of glucose. Therefore, it is not inconceivable that the disruption of glucose supply by hypoglycaemia and/or chronic hyperglycaemia (expressed as high glycated haemoglobin levels (HbA1c)) will cause disturbances of the cognitive function. Our meta-analysis (Tonoli et al., 2012) successfully demonstrated a reduction in HbA1c induced by aerobic training. Aerobic exercise is well known to enhance insulin action 24h following both acute exercise. Therefore, it is recommended that exercise is performed frequently in order to maintain a constant increase in insulin sensitivity and thus improve HbA1c. While acute aerobic exercise elicits acute marked falls in glycaemia which can often result in episodes of hypoglycaemia, this same meta-analysis revealed that there was a smaller fall of blood glucose levels when acute bouts of High Intensity Exercise (HIE) are added to aerobic training sessions compared to an acute bout of aerobic exercise without HIE. In this way, chronic hyperglycaemia could be prevented by performing regular aerobic exercise while hypoglycaemia could be prevented by adding bouts of HIE to an aerobic exercise session.Furthermore, it is well-known that physical exercise and training has beneficial effects on the cognitive function in humans and that it supports brain plasticity (Berchtold et al., 2005, Knaepen et al., 2010, Colcombe and Kramer, 2003). Physical activity and, in particular, acute exercise and training seem to be key interventions to trigger the processes through which neurotrophins mediate energy metabolism and in turn neural plasticity (Dishman, et al., 2006; Hennigan, et al., 2007; Neeper, et al., 1996; Van Praag, 2008; Vaynman, et al., 2004). The neurotrophin that is most susceptible to physical activity is brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (Vaynman et al., 2006). BDNF is an essential neurotrophin and plays a critical role in activity-dependent processes, including synapse development and plasticity and is so involved in memory formation, including learning and behaviour, synaptic plasticity and efficacy and neuronal connectivity, plus it promotes the development of immature neurons and enhances the survival of adult neurons(Knaepen et al., 2010). I Therefore, there exists an upcoming attention in the research area of the effects of physical exercise and training on the functioning of the brain. Besides the special focus on BDNF, an increasing attention to proteins with neurotrophic properties like Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) exists. If neurotrophins are influenced by physical activity and are positively correlated with cognitive function, we hypothesize that these levels will increase in T1D patients during exercise and so influence the cognitive function of these persons. Until now, no literature can be found on the topic of T1D, exercise and cognitive decline. This PhD project consists of one cross sectional epidemiological study, 2 acute exercise study in which we will analyse the effects of exercise and trainin
Guiard, Bruno. "Rôle de la substance P et du brain-derived neurotrophic factor dans le mécanisme d'action des antidepresseurs sérotoninergiques". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA114814.
Testo completoSP and BDNF would be involved in the mechanism of action of the antidepressants: SSRI. By using intracerebral microdialysis in mice, we evaluated their effects on [5-HT]ext. Thus, the activation of NK1 receptors by exogenous SP, decreased cortical [5-HT]ext through the stimulation of an inhibitory feedback exerted by 5-HT1A autoreceptors. Interestingly, NK1 receptor antagonists enhanced the effects of SSRI on cortical [5-HT]ext by preventing this negative control on 5-HT neurons. The genetic inactivation of BDNF levels in BDNF +/- mice, reduced the density of 5-HT transporter in the hippocampus which concured to increase local [5-HT]ext. Moreover, the partial loss of BDNF inhibited the neuochemical activity of SSRI. Although is it still unclear whether or not an excess of SP and/or a reduction and BDNF, limits the therapeutic activity of SSRI, our experimental data highlighted the interest to act on various pharmacological targets in the treatment of mood disorders in Human
Chen, Hui. "Neuronal Glucocorticoid Receptor Regulation of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS242/document.
Testo completoIn the central nervous system (CNS), the hippocampus is a structure of major importance for cognitive and behavioral functions. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a key player in such neuronal functions is highly expressed in the hippocampus. Rodent Bdnf gene structure is relatively complex, composed of 8 noncoding exons (I to VIII), each one with a specific promoter (1 to 8), and one common coding exon IX. Glucocorticoids (GC) exert pleiotropic actions on neuronal processes by binding to and activating the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), as well as the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). GR functions as a transcription factor, directly by interacting to glucocorticoid response elements or indirectly by interacting with other transcription factors, leading to the regulation of target gene transcription. It has been suggested that Bdnf expression is regulated by stress and high GC concentrations. However, it remains to define whether Bdnf is a GR target gene and what are the underlying molecular mechanisms. Herein, we demonstrate that high GC levels downregulate total Bdnf mRNA expression via GR in various in vitro neuron-like cellular models. In primary cultures of mouse hippocampal neurons and BZ cells, BDNF IV- and VI-containing transcripts are involved in this regulatory mechanism. Moreover, in transient transfections, promoter 4 activity was reduced by activated GR. Furthermore, ChIP analysis and mutagenesis experiments demonstrate that the GR-induced repression on Bdnf expression and transcriptional activities occurs through GR binding to a small 74 bp promoter sequence upstream of exon IV. The exact GR binding site on DNA and its putative transcription factor partners are currently under investigation. Altogether, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which GR represses BDNF expression. Our study brings new insights into the molecular interactions between GC signaling and BDNF signaling in neurons, both important pathways in the pathophysiology of the CNS
Pernet, Vincent. "Les voies de signalisation du facteur neurotrophique dérivé du cerveau (BDNF) dans la survie neuronale et la régénération axonale des cellules ganglionnaires de la rétine adulte blessée". Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15745.
Testo completoMorin-Moncet, Olivier. "Investigation de l’effet du polymorphisme Val66Met du gène BDNF sur les mécanismes neurophysiologiques qui sous-tendent les apprentissages moteurs procéduraux et sensorimoteurs, de même que sur le transfert intermanuel des apprentissages". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20776.
Testo completoSt-Onge, Florence. "Effet d’un entrainement moteur sur le taux de concentration sérique du facteur neurotrophique dérivé du cerveau chez les personnes âgées". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18884.
Testo completoIntroduction: Physical exercise has been reported as a promising approach to counteract aging-associated decreased cognitive functions. Different exercise training programs have been associated with improvement of cognition and mood potentially by acting on several molecular pathways. Different exercise interventions have been shown to increase the levels of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This protein is a key neurotrophin, it increases the survival and growth of neurons and consequently favours neuroplasticity. However, few studies have compared different types of physical exercise training protocols and their impact on BDNF levels, especially in participants over 60 years old. The goal of this study was to compare the effects of two different exercise protocols on serum BDNF levels in healthy older adults. Methods: Thirty-four older adults were divided in two groups; combined strength and aerobic group (CSA, age: 70.5±5.3 yrs.) and gross motor activities and flexibility group (GMA, age: 74.6 ± 5.2 yrs.). Both interventions were composed of three weekly 60-minute sessions for a period of 8 weeks. The intervention for the CSA group included maximal strength exercises and high intensity aerobic interval training. GMA involved locomotion activities, ball manipulation (hand-eye coordination), and stretching exercises. One-way ANCOVAs were performed on variable absolute change, while controlling for age and baseline value. Results: As expected, CSA participants showed significant increase in aerobic capacity (VO2max). In contrast, only the GMA group showed significant change in BDNF serum levels following intervention. Conclusion: These results suggest that gross motor activities could potentially lead to improvements in cognition through the enhancement of BDNF production.
Bernard-Gauthier, Vadim. "Développement et radiosynthèse de ligands du récepteur tyrosine kinase neurotrophique type 2 (TrkB) marqués aux carbone-11 et fluor-18 pour l’imagerie cérébrale par tomographie d’émission de positons". Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10664.
Testo completoThis thesis describes my contribution leading to the development of the first-generation positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands labeled with fluorine-18 (t1/2 = 110 min) or carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min) for the in vivo brain imaging of tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB). This research follows from the recent discovery of non-peptidic, high-affinity TrkB ligands derived from 7,8-dihydroxyflavone. The synthesis of non-radioactive 7,8-dihydroxyflavone derivatives and radiolabeling precursors amenable to fluorine-18 and carbon-11 incorporation was performed. Two synthesized compounds have been brought forward as precursors for radiolabeling with either fluorine-18 or carbon-11. Radiosynthesis involved either a novel nucleophilic aromatic subsitution with [18F]fluoride, or N-methylation with [11C]methyl iodide or [11C] methyl triflate. The resulting radiotracers were assessed in vitro by autoradiography and in vivo by PET scans of rats. The physicochemical properties and serum stability of these tracers were also evaluated. X-ray crystal structures of a series of synthetic flavone analogues were used as basis for structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis. In combination with the above in vivo PET evaluation of these compounds, certain pharmacophores were shown essential for ligand binding affinity. In addition, some structural fragments were associated with in vivo ligand metabolism. The development and radiosynthesis of a third TrkB radiotracer, along with its in vivo PET evaluation and structural analysis, is also described here. In all, better understanding of these tracers have led to the design of potential second-generation TrkB ligands with more optimal properties as PET radiotracers.
Almasieh, Mohammadali. "Novel molecular mechanisms of neuronal and vascular protection in experimental glaucoma". Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8456.
Testo completoGlaucoma is the second cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Loss of vision in glaucoma is accompanied by progressive optic nerve degeneration and selective loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Ocular hypertension is a major risk factor in glaucoma, but visual field defects continue to progress in a large group of patients despite the use of drugs that lower intraocular pressure (IOP). Therefore, although IOP is the sole modifiable risk factor in the development of glaucoma, its regulation is not sufficient to protect RGCs and preserve visual function in many affected patients. To address this issue, I put forward the central hypothesis that effective therapeutic strategies for glaucoma must interfere with molecular mechanisms that lead to RGC death to successfully promote structural and functional protection of these neurons. In the first part of my thesis, I characterized the neuroprotective effect of galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is clinically used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The specific hypothesis of this study was that galantamine, by modulating acetylcholine receptor activity, can improve the survival of injured RGCs in glaucoma. A well characterized experimental model of ocular hypertension induced by administration of a hypertonic saline into an episcleral vein of Brown Norway rats was used. The results of this study (Almasieh et al. Cell Death and Disease, 2010) demonstrated that daily administration of galantamine significantly improved the survival of RGC soma and axons in this model. Structural protection of RGCs correlated with substantial preservation of visual function, assessed by recording visual evoked potentials (VEPs) from the superior colliculus, the primary target of RGCs in the rodent brain. An interesting finding during the course of my thesis was that there is a substantial loss of retinal capillaries and a reduction in retinal blood that correlates with RGC loss in experimental glaucoma. Interestingly, galantamine also promoted the protection of the microvasculature and improved retinal blood flow in ocular hypertensive animals (Almasieh et al. in preparation). Importantly, I demonstrated that galantamine-mediated neuro- and vasoprotection occur through activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. In the second part of my thesis, I investigated the role of oxidative stress and the use of reducing compounds to test the hypothesis that blockade of a superoxide burst may delay RGC death in experimental glaucoma. I took advantage of a novel phosphinevi borane based antioxidant compound available to us (PB1) to investigate its neuroprotective effect and mechanism of action in experimental glaucoma. The data demonstrate that intraocular administration of PB1 resulted in significant protection of RGC soma and axons. I also explored the molecular pathways leading to PB1-mediated neuronal survival by analyzing the components of survival and apoptotic signaling pathways involved in this response. My results show that PB1-mediated RGC survival did not correlate with inhibition of stress-activated protein kinase signaling, including ASK1, JNK or p38. Instead, PB1 led to a striking increase in retinal BDNF levels and downstream activation of the pro-survival ERK1/2 pathway (Almasieh et al. Journal of Neurochemistry, 2011). In conclusion, the findings presented in this thesis contribute to a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying RGC loss in glaucoma and might provide insights into the design of novel neuroprotective and vasoprotective strategies for the treatment and management of this disease.