Tesi sul tema "Facteur de dégradation de la terre"
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Kone, Alassane. "Modelling and Decision Support for a Desertification Issue Using Cellular Automata Approach". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Guyane, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023YANE0001.
Testo completoDesertification, as a significant challenge impacting life on Earth, has extensive consequences that degrade human life quality, daily activities, and livelihoods. In response, international organizations have implemented actions to slow or stop its progress and reduce its impacts. This thesis focuses on combating desertification by modelling the process of land degradation leading to desertification. Two models are developed: the first combines continuous Cellular Automata and the MEDALUS assessment, evaluating desertification based on soil, vegetation, climate, and management. The second model simulates land degradation using cellular automata approach, enriched with anthropogenic factors like land use practices, exploitability factor and ownership, forming the Enhanced Model of Desertification. This model serves as the basis for DESERTIfication Cellular Automata Software (DESERTICAS), simulating spatio- temporal land degradation evolution. DESERTICAS facilitates scenario exploration by simulating land degradation progression over time and space. The models incorporate dynamic processes into the MEDALUS model, expanding classical Cellular Automata to continuous states. Identifying a predominant factor influencing desertification, management emerges as crucial, affecting other factors indirectly. Positive management actions can interrupt degradation sources, slowing or halting land degradation. The thesis also applies control theory to the Cellular Automata model, aiming to influence the predominant factor using Genetic Algorithms. By integrating land protection actions into desertification simulations, the DESERTICAS software becomes a decision support tool
Alard, Amandine. "Régulation de la dégradation protéasome-dépendante du facteur d'initiation de la traduction, eIF4G". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/672/.
Testo completoThe eukaryotic initiation factor serves as a central adapter in cap-binding complex. Two functional homologs have been cloned, eIF4GI and eIF4GII. First we demonstrated that eIF4GI and NQO1 (NAD(P)H quinine-oxydoreductase 1) coexists in the same immunocomplex. NQO1 is a detoxification enzyme also involved in the regulation of the degradation, ubiquitin-independent, of some proteins by the proteasome 20S. Treatment of cells with dicoumarol, a pharmacological inhibitor of NQO1, provokes eIF4GI degradation by the proteasome. Consistently, eIF4GI steady state level diminishes upon NQO1 silencing, whilst eIF4GI accumulates upon NQO1 overexpression. We further revealed that treatment of cells with dicoumarol frees eIF4GI from mRNA translation initiation complexes before its degradation which is associated with a dramatic inhibition of protein synthesis. Next, we also demonstrated a direct interaction between eIF4GII and the Polo-like kinase (Plk) 2. This interaction provokes a proteasomal destruction, ubiquitin-independent, of eIF4GII. Furthermore, eIF4GI phosphorylation on its serine 267 precludes Plk2 binding then protecting eIF4GII from a proteasomal degradation. In vitro, eIF4GII interaction with the 26S proteasome is enhanced when eIF4GII is first bound to Plk2 suggesting Plk2 could act as eIF4GII specific adaptor for the 26S proteasome. Then we described two original regulatory mechanisms of the proteasomal degradation of the translation initiation factors eIF4GI and II; an activator, Plk2, and an inhibitor, NQO1
Faure, Dominique. "Dégradation du facteur natriurétique auriculaire humain in vitro et in vivo : immunoréactivité et bioactivité des fragments de dégradation chez le sujet sain et pathologique". Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28420.
Testo completoCrestou, Nicole. "Regards intimes sur un processus de destruction à partir d'une pratique personnelle de la sculpture en terre crue". Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010557.
Testo completoThis thesis describes and analyses an artistic practice: clay sculpture representing the body of the artist are modelled, and then installed, while still unfired. Their display, in function of the exhibition space, facilitates or simply permits their destruction in the course of the exhibition. This research involves around the problems of the e@phemeral wich is here at the heart of the work, and which becomes itself the work of art, embodied by the duration oftheinelectable destruction and its significations. The choice of the reproduction of the human body, in whole or in part, the relationship of the artist to her image, and to its multiple representations are analysed as generative of this position in favour of the ephemeral, which once used but now rejects photography as a witness to the work
Thiam, Papa Masseck. "Effets des futurs changements climatiques sur la performance à long terme des chaussées souples au Québec". Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30293/30293.pdf.
Testo completoThe long-term performance of the road network of the province of Quebec (Canada) is strongly influenced by the climate and the weather conditions. Amongst other factors, high levels of saturation in soils and pavement materials are believed to be an important cause of pavement deterioration. According to the climate change scenarios established by Ouranos (2010), the North and South of Quebec will undergo an average precipitation increase from -0.1% to 8.45% in a future horizon of 2010-2039. The purpose of this project is to quantify the effect of these expected precipitation increases on the mechanical behavior of road structures, materials and soils. Based on literature and on data collected on instrumented road sections, a relationship between precipitation increase and saturation level of pavement layers is proposed. The resilient modulus and permanent deformation behavior for various water contents and four different subgrade soils was determined using triaxial tests, which were validated using small-scale heavy vehicle simulator, in order to determine the existing relationship between mechanical properties and moisture contents. Using the precipitation increase scenarios and the preset models, a damage analysis is performed to quantify the decrease of pavements service life caused by climate change. It is found that climate change, and more precisely the increase of precipitation expected in the Province of Quebec, will have a significant impact on pavement performance and that adapted pavement structures and materials, such as improved drainage, increased structural capacity or materials with reduced sensitivity to water, are possible options to reduce the loss of pavement life associated with climate change.
Pieri, Isabelle. "Étude de l'internalisation et de la dégradation intracellulaire du facteur de croissance "Fibroblast Growth Factor" basique". Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120047.
Testo completoAncot, Frédéric. "Dégradation du récepteur tyrosine kinase Met par clivages protéolytiques". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10073/document.
Testo completoSignalling dysregulation of receptor tyrosine kinase Met and its ligand the HGF/SF (Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factors) is associated with tumor growth and metastasis in numerous cancer. Iin stress condition and without its ligand, Met is cleaved by caspases in the juxtamembrane domain which liberates a proapoptotic fragment in cytoplasm, p40 Met. I have shown that a C-terminal cleavage of Met creates a hierarchical organization of these cleavages. The C-terminal cleavage of Met receptor is important to generate apoptotic fragment but does not affect the biological responses induced by the HGF/SF. On the other hand, Met is targeted by PreSenilin-dependent Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis (called PS-RIP). This proteolytic process of degradation involves two sequential cleavages by membranous metalloproteases and by g-secretase complex. These cleavages regulate half-life of Met receptor and prevent its activation without ligand.Following the cleavage by metalloproteases, Met can escape from g-secretase complex through its prior internalization. Generated fragments are then degraded by the lysosome. Fragments of both degradation patways are able to transform fibroblasts. Interestingly, human tumor xenografts in mice display accumulation of these fragments, suggesting these PS-RIP and lysosomal degradations pathways prevent accumulation of deleterious fragments of Met.Different cleavages of Met receptor can regulate its action without HGF/SF and could have an important role in physiological responses
Bensayah, Mohammed Nadji. "Étude de la désintégration pi **(O) -> gamma E**(+)E**(-) : mesure du facteur de forme électromagnétique du pion neutre". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF21081.
Testo completoGodin, Juliette. "Maladie de Huntington : Dynamiques intracellulaires et voies de dégradation comme cibles thérapeutiques". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T025.
Testo completoAlauzet, Nathalie. "Etude de la dégradation de polyesters de type poly(acide lactique)s en présence de vers de terre". Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON13516.
Testo completoKenmogne. "Dégradation des matériaux de construction : contribution à l'étude de la faisabilité des terres argileuses en construction". Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10068.
Testo completoBuchsbaum, Samuel. "Régulation du facteur de réplication de l'ADN MCM7 par poly-ubiquitinylation : rôles d'Int6 et BRCA1". Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120941.
Testo completoCarpentier, Jean. "Variabilité moléculaire et mode évolutif du gène de virulence Gp-Rbp-A et du co-Facteur RanGap2 impliqués dans l’interaction incompatible entre le nématode Globodra pallida et la pomme de terre Gpa2 résistante". Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NSARC105.
Testo completoIn order to control the potato cyst nematode. Globodera pallida, using resistant varieties is now advocated. Nevertheless, most of the resistance genes, including ther major gene Gpa2 are efficient only against a lim ited number of nematode populations. Moreover Gpa2 needs the presence of a co-factor – RanGAP2 – to recognize the nematode avirulence protein coded by the Gp-RBP-1 gene and to trigger the plant defence mechanisms. The present work aims to characterize the efficiency spectrum of Gpa2. Our goals were to identify the Gp-Rbp-1 polymorphisms affecting the outcome of the interaction with Gpa2 and the polymorphisms in RanGAP2 that can be used to expand the range of G. Pallida populations controlled by Gpa2. We have shown tha susceptibility of a potato cultivar expressing Gpa2 to a G. Pallida population. Furthermore, among the eight sites of Gp-Rbp-1 found under positive selection, the sole variation at amino acid position 187 (proline/serine) remained sufficienet to explain the recognition of GP-RBP 1 by GPA2. Despite numerous sites found to have evolved under purifying selection, RanGAP2 have two polymorphic sites (amino acids 106 and 237) and one insertion/deletion of interest. Variability observed at these sites do not enable the recognition of virulent variants (non-recognized) of GP-RBP-1 by GPA2 but seems to affect intensity of the hypersensitive response triggered by the recognition of avirulent variants of Gp Rbp-1 GPA2
Maurel, Sébastien. "Rôle des protéines de choc thermique dans la régulation du facteur de transcription HIF". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704624.
Testo completoGrossein, Olivier. "Modélisation et simulation numérique des transferts couplés d'eau, de chaleur et de solutés dans le patrimoine architectural en terre, en relation avec sa dégradation". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00373288.
Testo completoSevere degradation of earthen structures may occur when they are subjected to extreme hydro-climatic conditions, sometimes leading to total failure. This work was carried out as part of the UNESCO program "Central Asian Earth" in cooperation with CRATerre-ENSAG. The ancient wall of Deshan Kala (Khiva, Uzbekistan) was selected for studying the mechanisms of the transfer of water and solute in the soil and the earthen wall. A measuring system was set up to monitor the evolution of the hydro-climatic parameters. The coupled moisture and heat transfer model considers gravity and capillarity for the liquid transport phase and diffusion for the vapor transport phase. The density oh the liquid is variable with respect to solute concentration and the solute is transported by convection-dispersion. The crystallization/dissolution process is a one order reaction. The transfer properties of the materials were estimated in laboratory. The transfer phenomena are numerically modeled. One-dimensional simulations show a dry zone near the surface due to evaporation occuring inside the material. The moisture fluxes and the hydric state of the system are influenced by the water table level and the atmospheric conditions. The salt crystallizes in the dry zone or at the surface depending on the atmospheric conditions and the type of material. Two-dimensional simulations estimate the impact of the soil surface quality and vegetation on moisture fluxes inside the nearby wall. These results are interesting for the conservation of the cultural heritage
Grossein, Olivier. "Modélisation et simulation numérique des transferts couplés d'eau, de chaleur et de solutés dans le patrimoine architectural en terre, en relation avec sa dégradation". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00373288.
Testo completoBeaulieu, Yves. "Analyse du rôle de la dégradation du facteur CIITA (class II transactivator) sur son potentiel d'activation des gènes de classe II du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4861.
Testo completoDe, Godoy Maia Ivan. "Aspects moleculaires de la transmission du virus y de la pomme de terre (pvy) : caracterisation de la proteine facteur assistant (hc-pro)". Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112021.
Testo completoGeryes, Tony. "Étude expériementale et numérique de la dégradation de la mesure nucléaire d'aérosols radioactifs prélevés avec des filtres de surveillance". Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0050.
Testo completoThe measurement of radioactivity in the filters of airborne radioactive surveillance is a major difficulty metrology. Indeed, the absorption of a radiation in the filter media and the mass of aerosols accumulated distort the nuclear counters response. This thesis work focuses on the determination of correction factors for the radioactivity loss in the survey filters. In a first step, radioactive filters representing the atmospheric samples have been prepared using the nuclear test bench ICARE. The experimental study on reference filters provided a database to determine correction factors for various filtration conditions. The second step of the work proposed a new numerical method developed to determine the correction factors. It consists of coupling GeoDict for particles filtration simulations and MCNPX simulations for a transport in matter. The good agreement obtained by comparing the numerical and experimental correction factors has permitted to validate the numerical model
Maachi, Fatima. "Rôles respectifs des IGFS et de facteurs de croissance de petits poids moléculaires inferieurs à 1000 appelés FCPPM dans la biosynthèse et la dégradation des protéoglycannes". Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10441.
Testo completoMerlin, Gérard. "Contamination par le PCP d'écosystèmes aquatiques reconstitués : dégradation et effets sur les végétaux". Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10063.
Testo completoCourtois, Noémie. "Etude du vieillissement de boues de papeterie utilisées pour la fabrication de briques de terre cuite : influence des produits de dégradation sur les caractéristiques céramiques des matériaux". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCD003.
Testo completoPaper sludge can be incorporated in industrial clayey mixtures used in fired-clay bricks formulation. This incorporation has several aims and benefits, especially for drying optimization of the products, due to hydrophilic effect of paper fibers, and creating porosity which improves the fired brick thermal insulation. However, some drawbacks may occur such as brick cracking or efflorescence (bleaching of brick surfaces), in particular when the added paper sludge presents a significant ageing. The purpose of this thesis consists in identifying the parameters responsible for cracks and efflorescence on the bricks and defining the conditions preventing the defects occurrence. Therefore, the ageing of paper sludges as well as their incorporation into clayey mixtures were studied. Several paper sludges of different compositions and degradation states were tested, and their impacts on the formulated bricks characteristics (physico-chemical and ceramic parameters) were investigated. Volatile Fatty Acids produced during paper sludge ageing were identified as key parameters to explain defect formations on the bricks, with a threshold value of 10 mg VFA/g of paper sludge, incorporated at 12% in the clay phase. Depending on the fibrous paper sludge characteristics (fiber length, cellulose/lignin ratio), VFAs have an influence on the water diffusivity and drying of the bricks. Finally, suggestions are made for the optimization of storage conditions of paper sludges before utilization and brick/paper sludge formulation. This would result in significant reduction of production defects
Ziegler, Yann. "Modélisation de la rotation de la terre et analyse conjointe des données du mouvement du pôle et de gravimétrie". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH006/document.
Testo completoThe main goal of this work is to improve our understanding of the Earth’s rheology and of the Chandler wobble which depends on it. We compute the complex gravimetric factor at the Chandler frequency by a joint analysis of gravimetric and polar motion time series. We show the importance and the limits of gravimetric corrections for local analyses and the effectiveness of the combination of data from different stations. Using a more theoretical approach, we carry out an analytical and numerical study to determine the solutions of the small deformations of an anelastic homogeneous rotating Earth model. The influence of anelasticity on the Chandler wobble period and quality factoris studied and we show that the latter is more sensitive than the period to the rheological parameters, especially to the Kelvin’s viscosity. Finally, we study in Laplace domain the influence of the forcing frequency for the loading problem
Leveau, Aymeric. "Caractérisation structurale de l'éliciteur du virus X de la pomme de terre (PVX) : recherche, chez les plantes cultivées, de gènes hôtes, impliqués dans la résistance liée à Rx". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EVRY0036.
Testo completoNowadays, phytopathogenic agents are still causing significant agricultural losses. The most suitable option appears to be the creation of crop species carrying a genetic durable and broad spectrum resistance. In order to create such varieties, we need to understand the mechanisms underlying resistance, involved in model Pathosystems, Such as the one composed of the resistance gene Rx and the potato virus X. In that system, the host gene encodes a protein assimilated to a receptor implicated in the perception of an avirulence factor produced by the virus: its capside protein (Cp). Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms triggering the resistance remain largely unknown. This study has been focused on the elicitor recognition mediated by Rx. A first approach led to the identification of a minimal elicitor containing 90 amino acids has. The structural characterization of a slightly larger protein fragment using biochemical methods suggested that the difference in the tertiary structuration of both elicitor and non-elicitor Cp would not be the determinant of Rx mediated recognition. Second, a molecular approach led to the discovery of two host proteins interacting with the small elicitor fragment. The work was focused on a transcription factor, nbERF5 and showed that this protein interacts similarly with elicitor or non-elicitor Cps of Rx mediated resistance. Interestingly, this gene product is able to directly interact with the Rx protein, but also with the direct interactor of Rx: RanGAP2, protein required for the Rx mediated resistance efficiency. Further characterization of this ethylen response factor will help us to understand its role in Rx mediated resistance
Le, Roux Yves. "Qualité protéique des laits à la production : facteurs de variation et recherche d'indicateurs de protéolyse". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_LE_ROUX_Y.pdf.
Testo completoLe, Goff Arnaud. "Systèmes protéolytiques ciblant la protéine multi-adaptatrice GAB1 dans la régulation de la signalisation HGF/SF-MET". Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL2S026.
Testo completoThe docking protein GAB1 (GRB2-associated binder-1) is essential for transmitting signals and biological responses of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase activated by its ligand, HGF/SF (Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor), and plays a positive role in many other cell signaling pathways. Its major involvement in HGF/SF-MET signaling can be explained by the fact that GAB1 is a direct partner of MET, in particular through a specific interaction domain with the C-terminus of MET, while GAB1 is an indirect molecular player for other receptors, including some of them with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity.During my thesis work, we have documented through RNA interference-mediated extinction of GAB1 expression in various cell types, its crucial role in HGF/SF-MET signaling, both for the induction of Ras/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. These results are consistent with other data supporting the conclusion that GAB1 amplifies HGF/SF-MET signaling. In an original way, we have shown that GAB1 also plays an important role in conditions leading to the inactivation of HGF/SF-MET signaling. First, we demonstrated that, following its activation by HGF/SF, MET receptor induces GAB1 ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation and that this process is actively involved in the down-regulation of Ras/ERK pathway downstream of MET. Furthermore, in line with our previous demonstrations that the MET receptor is a functional target of caspases, we established that GAB1 is also degraded and cleaved by caspases in response to stress. Under mild stress conditions, caspase-dependent cleavages of GAB1 lead to the generation of a stable fragment, p35-GAB1, containing the MET binding domain and exhibiting anti-apoptotic functions due to its ability to maintain activation of the PI3K/Akt survival pathway. In case of extreme or prolonged stress, it is possible that p35-GAB1 shows a pro-apoptotic activity. We have therefore highlighted that GAB1 plays a key role in HGF/SF-MET signaling for both transmit and feedback regulate signal transduction, depending on cellular context.Finally, it is clear that HGF/SF-MET signaling plays an essential physiological role and its deregulation is associated with tumor progression and metastasis of many cancers. According to our demonstration of the major contribution of GAB1 in all aspects of HGF/SF-MET signaling, it is possible that GAB1 may contribute to MET receptor activation-dependent tumorigenesis and thus, represent a target of interest for new anti-cancer therapeutic approaches
Philippe, Géraldine. "Influence de la température sur le métabolisme du toluène chez des souches bactériennes psychrotrophes". Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES057.
Testo completoChabbert, Christophe. "Etude de la dégradation des paramètres de bruit de composants soumis à des surcharges micro-ondes : réalisation d'un banc de caractérisation automatique". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ESAE0009.
Testo completoTahiri, Reda. "Le cuivre comme facteur limitatif pour la pomme de terre et l'orge cultivés dans les sols podzoliques recevant de la tourbe ou des engrais organo-minéraux à base de tourbe". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq25743.pdf.
Testo completoPallotta, Sandrine. "Compréhension du signal issu d'une surface hétérogène rugueuse dans le domaine infrarouge en télédétection : analyse de l'agrégation des propriétés thermo-optiques de ses constituants". Toulouse, ENSAE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ESAE0007.
Testo completoQuenouille, Julie. "Bases génétiques et fonctionnelles de la durabilité des résistances polygéniques au virus Y de la pomme de terre (PVY) chez le piment (Capsicum annuum)". Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00982624.
Testo completoEl-Azab, Kadria Moustafa. "Mobilité, biodisponibilité et phytotoxicité du plomb et du zinc en conditions salines : cas du ray-grass dans une terre argilo-limoneuse et application aux risques de réutilisation des eaux de drainage pour l'irrigation dans le delta du Nil". Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN10011.
Testo completoThe wastewater re-use is a very world wide practice in the areas affected by shortages of water resources. For the majority of the countries of the arid and semi arid regions, water became the principal factor limiting their development. Egypt is one of the Mediterranean countries which is affected by shortages of water good quality resources. The re-use of this water for agricultural production is accompanied with salinization problems, which always develops because of the bad irrigation and drainage practices, especially with the irrigated agriculture in arid regions with high rates of evapotranspiration. The irrigation with wastewater is not only one source of dissolved salts but also of metallic trace elements (MTEs). The principal goal of this work was to study the effect of wastewater re-use with different salinity levels on the behaviour of metallic trace elements (MTEs) such as Zn and Pb in the presence or absence of plants. The combined effects of salinity and MTEs on the growth of rye-grass, and its production of biomass as been studied. Two experimental techniques were used : pot cultures with two different irrigation systems, with and without water excess, and hydroponic cultures to evaluate the effects of various salinity levels on the bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and phytotoxicity of Zn and Pb for the rye-grass. Salinity had a similar toxic effect on the growth of plants even if the sensitivity of plants is higher in hydroponic conditions. The bioavailability of Pb is limited compared with Zn which shows a higher transfer to the plants, with its higher translocation in the shoots and its phytotoxic effects on the growth of plants. However, the bioavailability of Pb is increased when the plant react actively to salinity stress. Thus, the bioavailability of MTEs can vary with the salinity. The bioaccumulation and the translocation of the MTEs in the shoots of the rye-grass increase when the plant reacts actively to a saline stress. The toxic effect of soil and irrigation water salinity on the growth of rye-grass and production of biomass can be affected by the MTEs according to the interaction between these two risk factors
Yavari, Ahmad. "Allocation des ressources naturelles renouvelables et le développement rural dans les milieux montagnards de l'Iran : exemple de modalités du développement rural et la dégradation des ressources naturelles végétales de l'Alborz central". Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10277.
Testo completoTrabelsi, Souhaila, e Souhaila Trabelsi. "Etudes de traitement des lixiviats des déchets urbains par les procédés d'oxydation avancée photochimiques et électrochimiques : application aux lixiviats de la décharge tunisienne "Jebel Chakir"". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674731.
Testo completoQuenouille-Lederer, Julie. "Bases génétiques et fonctionnelles de la durabilité des résistances polygéniques au virus Y de la pomme de terre (PVY) chez le piment (Capsicum annuum)". Thesis, Avignon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AVIG0650/document.
Testo completoGenetic resistances provide an efficient control of crop diseases but are limited by pathogen adaptation.In pepper, the durability of the pvr23 allele, conferring resistance to Potato virus Y (PVY), was demonstrated todepend on the plant genetic background. The aim of my PhD thesis was to characterize the host genetic factorsaffecting the durability of the major resistance gene pvr23 and to answer to the following question s: (i) What istheir action on the evolution of the viral population? (ii) Is there identity between the QTLs (quantitative traitloci) controlling the partial resistance and the QTLs affecting the durability of pvr23? (iii) Are these genetic factorswidespread among the genetic resources of pepper? Various experiments including resistance testing,experimental evolution and competition between various PVY variants, enabled to show that the genetic factorsaffecting the durability of pvr23 acted in: (i) decreasing the viral accumulation, (ii) decreasing the probability ofacquisition of resistance breaking (RB) mutations by PVY and (iii) slowing down the selection of RB variants. QTLdetection and mapping of genetic factors affecting the frequency of pvr23 RB showed that four loci actingadditively and in epistatic interactions explained together 70% of the variance of pvr23 breakdown frequency.Comparative mapping between these QTLs and QTLs affecting partial resistance showed that three of the fourQTLs controlling the frequency of pvr23 RB are also involved in quantitative resistance, suggesting that QTLs forquantitative resistance have a pleiotropic effect on the durability of the major resistance gene. Analysis of acollection of 20 pepper accessions, carrying pvr23 or pvr24 (allele closely related to pvr23) in various geneticbackgrounds, showed that genetic backgrounds favorable to the durability of the pvr2-mediated resistance arewidespread in the genetic resources of pepper. These results highlight that the durability of a major resistancegene can be strongly increased when associated with genetic factors decreasing the pathogen multiplication.Moreover, the frequency of a major gene RB is a highly heritable trait and QTLs detection for this trait isachievable. The direct selection for such QTLs opens new prospects to preserve the durability of major resistancegenes used by breeders
Dictor, Marie-Christine. "Caractérisation de la distribution et du comportement métabolique de la microflore indigène dans un profil de sol". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_DICTOR_M_C.pdf.
Testo completoFaga, Murilo Tadeu Werneck. "Rayonnement solaire et turbidité atmosphérique dans une vallée alpine industrielle". Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0106.
Testo completoBuchon, Laurent. "Influence de la température sur la physiologie de la croissance et la production d'enzymes exocellulaires chez des bactéries adaptées aux basses températures". Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES046.
Testo completoSan, Emeterio Cabañes José Luis. "Désertification ou reverdissement ? Etude multiscalaire de l'évolution du couvert végétal en Afrique Sahélienne à partir de données de télédétection". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC079.
Testo completoThe Sahel region has become the archetype of desertification and land degradation since the important droughts that took place during the 70s and 80s. However, the rainfall recovery since the middle of the 90s and the re-greening trend observed from remoting sensed vegetation indexes has challenged the view of an advancing desertification in the Sahel. Nevertheless, the relation between these indexes and land degradation is very complex and the conclusions made are sometimes contradictory. In fact, the high climate variability and the important landscape mutations, due to demographic growth, make of land degradation assessment a difficult task in this region. The strong interdependency between temporal and spatial scales of land degradation, led to carry out a multi-scalar analysis to understand; what is the actual situation of the Sahel concerning land degradation, and what is the most effective way to assess this phenomenon at a regional scale. This analysis has been done for the entire Sahel region during the period 1982-2011using the NDVI GIMMS-3g vegetation index and rainfall products. It has been later transposed to south-west Niger using the NDVI MODIS index and aerial and satellite photographs of the last decades
Le, Kouby Alain. "Etude du comportement mécanique de micropieux sous chargements monotones et cycliques verticaux : application aux effets de groupe". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005722.
Testo completoDans le cas monotone, leffet de groupe est étudié à partir du comportement dune inclusion générique au sein dun groupe en interaction avec des inclusions adjacentes. Les résultats montrent un effet de groupe positif sur le frottement latéral et négatif sur la résistance en pointe. Dans le cas des chargements cycliques, deux cas sont considérés à savoir les chargements à force contrôlée destinés à établir des diagrammes de stabilité cyclique et les chargements à déplacement contrôlé pour les mécanismes de dégradation. Pour les premiers, laugmentation du nombre dinclusions montre un effet positif et pour les seconds, les résultats montrent un effet de groupe positif sur le frottement latéral et négatif sur la pointe.
Sun, Xuhong. "Étude des facteurs de l'hémostase après thrombolyse par le rT-PA dans l'infractus cérébral aigu : corrélations cliniques et étiologiques". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10110/document.
Testo completoA systematic study of post-thrombolytic haemostasis has rarely been performed. In 80 consecutive patients, we have prospectively studied at hours 0, 2 and 24 the following parameters: fibrinogen, plasminogen, alpha2-antiplasmin, factor XIII, fibrin(ogen) Degradation Products (FDP), D-dimers, haematocrit and platelet count. Comprehensive statistical studies calculated correlations of the haemostatic values betwen themselves and with 38 etiological and clinical parameters. Molecular dynamics. Two changes between h0 and h2 were statistically independent: an increase in FDP and D-Dimers; a decrease in fibrinogen, plasminogen, alpha2-antiplasmin and factor XIII. At h2, the decrease in fibrinogen was significantly correlated with that of plasminogen (0.48, p = 0.01), alpha2-antiplasmin (0.48, p = 0.004), and factor XIII (0.44, p = 0.01). The decrease in plasminogen was significantly correlated with those of antifibrinolytic components, alpha2-antiplasmin (r=0.77, p<0.001) and factor XIII (0.47, p=0.02). To our knowledge, such an activation of antifibrinolytic components had not hitherto been mentioned. The h2 decrease of plasminogen was correlated with cardioembolic etiology (p=0.04) and final poor oucome (p=0.03), a fact possibly due to intense thrombolysis of large clots. Patients having early parenchymal hematomas (PH) showed h2 haemostasis disturbances: high FDP (p=0.01), and low fibrinogen (p=0.01). The decrease in fibrinogen less than 2g/L multiplies the odds of early PH by a factor 12.82. Thus, we confirm the model of an “early fibrinogen degradation coagulopathy” predictive of hematomas, which had been coined by the Lyon thrombolysis team in 2004
Lefebvre, Marie-Pierre. "Spatialisation de modèles de fonctionnement hydromécanique des sols appliquée à la prévision des risques de tassement à l'échelle de la France". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553390.
Testo completoBerthonneau, Jérémie. "Le rôle des minéraux argileux dans la dégradation de la pierre : application à la conservation de la "Pierre du Midi" en termes de durabilité et compatibilité des matériaux en oeuvre". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958572.
Testo completoGourdeau, Justine. "Le sulfure de diméthyle et ses produits d'oxydation atmosphériques en zone cotière méditerranéenne : impact des perturbations anthropiques". Grenoble 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10099.
Testo completoDiouf, Aliou. "Interactions société, nature et climat au Sahel : la rupture socio-économique et écologique au Centre-Est agro-sylvopastoral sénégalais au XXe siècle". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25853/25853.pdf.
Testo completoADHI, NUGRAHA RUKMANA. "Etude geostatistique des gisements d'etain alluvionnaires exploites par dragage". Paris, ENMP, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ENMP0008.
Testo completoYu, Nan. "Précipitations méditerranéennes intenses -caractérisation microphysique et dynamique dans l'atmosphère et impacts au sol". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00773116.
Testo completoCobert, Florian. "Processus et mécanismes physico-chimiques et biologiques responsables du fractionnement des isotopes du calcium". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762532.
Testo completoKlimis, Nikolaos. "Etude en laboratoire de l'attenuation des ondes longitudinales : application a la caracterisation geotechnique des roches". Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0054.
Testo completoMoulin, Gérard. "Etat limite d'une argile naturelle : l'argile de pornic". Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT2028.
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