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1
Dahlberg, Joakim. "Eye Tracking with Eye Glasses". Thesis, Umeå University, Department of Physics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-32868.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study is concerned with the negative effects of wearing corrective lenses while using eye trackers, and the correction of those negative effects. The eye tracker technology studied is the video based real-time Pupil Center and Corneal Reflection method. With a user study, the wearing of eyeglasses is shown to cause 20 % greater errors in the accuracy of an eye tracker than when not wearing glasses. The error is shown to depend on where on the eye tracker viewing area the user is looking.
A model for ray refraction when wearing glasses was developed. Measurements on distortions on the image of the eye caused by eyeglass lenses were carried out. The distortions were analyzed with eye tracking software to determine their impact on the image-to-world coordinates mapping. A typical dependence of 1 mm relative distance change on cornea to 9 degrees of visual field was found.
The developed mathematical/physiological model for eyeglasses focuses on artifacts not possible to accommodate for with existing calibration methods, primarily varying combinations of viewing angles and head rotations. The main unknown in the presented model is the effective strength of the glasses. Automatic identification is discussed. The model presented here is general in nature and needs to be developed further in order to be a part of a specific application.
2
Lundhe, Adrian. "Diabetic Eye Screening : Eye mapping examination application". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211720.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
According to the World Health Organization, in 1980 there was 108 millions diabetes patients around the world, and in 2014 the number increased to 422 millions. This is a percentage rise from 4,7 to 8,5 in the same time period. According to the report Vision 2020, about 5% of the blindness in the world is contributed to diabetic retinopathy. 4% of these people will never get treated for their diseases. Different people get different treatments depending on where they are in the world. The different costs mainly depend on available equipment, salaries, and countries currency stand on the world market. Out of 37 million cases of blindness, about 1.8 million are related to diabetic retinopathy. After 15 years of carrying this disease 2% will be blind and 10% will have severe visual loss. 20 years down the line of having diabetes, 75% will have some form of diabetic retinopathy. Governments, insurance companies and health facilities around the world have trouble keeping up with the costs and availability of medical personnel for treatment of patients. There is a need for a new way of thinking. An alternative. A cheap, reliable and quick method of discovering diseased at its earlier stages that will dramatically lower the cost and pressure on the health industry. The mobile phone application market is a somewhat untapped market when it comes medical equipment. To relieve the absence of this kind of application the Diabetic Eye Screening program was created. The application maps anomalies within the retina and provides statistical data for the patients in their own mobile phones and tablets without any need of meeting medical professionals. The information can safely and reliably be shared between partners quickly for evaluation of a patient's immediate health status.Enligt Världshälsoorganisationen fanns det under 1980-talet 108 miljoner diabetespatienter runt om i världen och 2014 höjdes antalet till 422 miljoner. Detta är en procentuell ökning från 4,7 till 8,5 under samma tidsperiod. Enligt rapporten Vision 2020 bidrar cirka 5% av blindheten i världen till diabetisk retinopati. 4% av dessa människor kommer aldrig att bli behandlade för deras sjukdom. Olika människor får olika behandlingar beroende på var de är i världen. De olika kostnaderna beror främst på tillgänglig utrustning, löner och länders valutor på världsmarknaden. Av 37 miljoner fall av blindhet är ca 1,8 miljoner relaterade till diabetisk retinopati. Efter 15 år med denna sjukdom kommer 2% att vara blinda och 10% kommer att ha en allvarlig visuell förlust. Vid 20 års av diabetes kommer 75% att få någon form av diabetisk retinopati. Regeringar, försäkringsbolag och sjukhus runt om i världen har problem med att hålla nere kostnaderna och bidra med tillgänglighet av medicinsk personal för behandling av patienter. Det finns ett behov av ett nytt sätt att tänka. Ett alternativ. En billig, tillförlitlig och snabb metod att upptäcka sjukdomar i tidigt skede kommer dramatiskt sänka kostnader och minska på trycket i vården behövs. Mobilapplikations marknaden är något av en outnyttjad marknad när det gäller medicinsk utrustning. För att avhjälpa frånvaron av denna typ av applikation skapades Diabetic Eye Screeningprogrammet. Applikationen kartlägger avvikelser i näthinnan och ger statistiska data för patienterna i sina egna mobiltelefoner och tablets utan att behöva möta medicinsk personal. Informationen kan på ett säkert och tillförlitligt sätt snabbt delas mellan partner för utvärdering av patientens omedelbara hälsotillstånd.
3
Hossain, Akdas, e Emma Miléus. "Eye Movement Event Detection for Wearable Eye Trackers". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematik och tillämpad matematik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129616.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Eye tracking research is a growing area and the fields as where eye trackingcould be used in research are large. To understand the eye tracking data dif-ferent filters are used to classify the measured eye movements. To get accu-rate classification this thesis has investigated the possibility to measure bothhead movements and eye movements in order to improve the estimated gazepoint.The thesis investigates the difference in using head movement compensationwith a velocity based filter, I-VT filter, to using the same filter without headmovement compensation. Further on different velocity thresholds are testedto find where the performance of the filter is the best. The study is made with amobile eye tracker, where this problem exist since you have no absolute frameof reference as opposed to when using remote eye trackers. The head move-ment compensation shows promising results with higher precision overall.
4
Yakimov, Christopher Doyle. "Eye mySelf". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31740.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Eye mySelf is a narrative inquiry into the word "self" A discursive object (Danziger,
2003; Cushman, 1990), "self" saturates the everyday language of reflexivity and remains a
familiar feature of psychological literature and therapy. I have become familiar with it in my own
life: I have a Bachelor's degree in Psychology; I have participated in a year of Counselling
Psychology coursework and supervised training; and from the age of two or three I participated
in a therapeutic community, a community to which I belonged for close to 20 years.
I know myself.
Or do I? Do I know my "self"? How it works? What it does, or might do? I am
suspicious. I think my "self" might be getting away with something, and I want to explore this
suspicion. As a narrative inquiry into my own remembered experience of "self," this thesis
explores language via language, and rests on Jacques Derrida's (1991, 2000) thought about signs,
signatures, and testimony, Judith Butler's (2004) thought about how we might be given over to
each other, and Michel Foucault's (1990) thought about discourse, confession, and sexuality. It
is organized as a collection of pensées (Leggo, 1990) - thoughts, explorations, imaginings,
wandering wonderings about "self" - with the hope of generating a salient and palpable
resonance between the pieces (Heraclitus, 1987), a resonance of possibility for how "self" might
work, what it might do, how it does you and I, your "I" and my "I", (or is that "eye"?), and what
that might come to do to us.
In line with Butler's (2004) conceptions of the body as that which bears the human, I
want to evoke how it might feel to bear, perhaps by baring, a "self." I mean to arouse suspicion
for this baring, for this "self," and its place. To this end, I eye my "self."Education, Faculty of
Graduate
5
Townsend, Julie. "Peculiar Eye". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2008. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/697.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
From earliest childhood, I have had an interest in the grotesque, the remote and the mysterious. These interests, or more precisely, obsessions, dovetail with my experiences and training in photography, art, literature and psychiatric case management. My thesis is a verbal translation of the visual world, a journey of ekphrasis.
6
Woudenberg, Tara Marisa. "Eye insight". Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8383.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dissertação para Obtenção do grau de Mestrado em Arte e Ciência do VidroThe purpose of this research is to gain more understanding of the scientific language. Black symbols and representations of the natural world are used to communicate complex thoughts in various dimensions. Through the process of purification I communicated with confusion and the privilege of being ignorant became my inspiration. My new self is like the alchemists; investigating in new dimensions where symbols and imagery exist to comprehend the always-surrounding unknown. With soda-lime and flat glass I created solid glass symbols. Through the microscope I looked at organic specimens and self-made glass samples and recorded what I saw. Every detail is an indispensable part of an important whole and perceiving is the key to entering new universes. My encounter with science has given me the tools to develop a greater awareness to investigate why and how I am making art. I am convinced that artists and scientists are similar in seeing the universe in unique and specific ways. It is only the representations of those visions that are phrased in different languages.
7
Sarraipa, Rita Poças. "Green eye". Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18408.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dissertação de Mestrado em Design, com a especialização em Comunicação apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.Atualmente, metade da população mundial (55%) habita em centros urbanos, em 2050 estima-se que aumente para dois terços (68%). Estes espaços ocupam apenas 3% da superfície do planeta, mas consomem 75% dos recursos naturais. Em 2016 entrou em vigor a resolução da Organização das Nações Unidas (onu) intitulada “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, como base para um plano de ação para as pessoas e o planeta prosperarem. A mais recente Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Mudanças Climáticas (cop 21) explorou soluções para enfrentar as consequências do aquecimento global e traçou objetivos globais de redução de gases de efeito estufa. O turismo, uma atividade em crescimento, é parte deste problema global. Gera riqueza e poluição tendo impacto em fenómenos que ameaçam o futuro do planeta: as alterações climáticas, o consumo excessivo, o desperdício de plástico, a perda de biodiversidade, a sobrecarga das cidades, o uso de combustíveis fósseis, o consumo energético. Daí a importância cada vez maior de um turismo sustentável. O presente projeto de investigação pretende, através do design, contribuir para a criação e promoção de um novo negócio, nesta área com forte potencial de crescimento – o turismo. Materializa-se através da participação numa ideia de negócio, apoiando o seu desenvolvimento desde o início, assumindo a dimensão estratégica que o design pode ter, não só na construção da comunicação mas também no desenvolvimento e concretização da própria ideia e do seu financiamento. Esta investigação surgiu da identificação de uma oportunidade de negócio, numa área que tem apresentado um interesse crescente por parte do público. Estudou-se o mercado e o contexto onde este negócio se pode desenvolver e ainda o interesse das visitas aos espaços verdes pois eles corporizam a estratégia ambiental das cidades modernas e contam grande parte da sua história. Sem árvores as cidades seriam muito diferentes. Partindo de uma metodologia de base qualitativa, efetuou-se uma investigação de carácter teórico, através da revisão da literatura dos campos investigativos: Turismo e Design de Comunicação. Assim, desenvolveu-se um enquadramento teórico capaz de impulsionar e direcionar a componente projetual. Numa segunda fase, procedeu-se à análise de casos de estudo, compreendendo o modo como negócios internacionais, que exploram o mesmo nicho, se apresentam e divulgam a sua oferta. De seguida, foram analisados fatores relacionados com a implementação do projeto: análise swot, caracterização do público-alvo, identificação de potenciais concorrentes. Esta investigação, resulta na materialização de um projeto singular que pretende atuar num nicho de mercado, explorando e valorizando jardins e espaços verdes urbanos. Propondo dar a conhecer a história e a vida das cidades, através dos seus jardins, quer tenham centenas de anos ou menos de uma década. Despertando o interesse para o ‘verde’ – Green Eye.
ABSTRACT: Today, half of the world’s population (55%) live in urban centers, it is estimated to increase to two-thirds (68%) by 2050. Although they consume 75% of natural resources, these areas occupy only 3% of the earth’s surface. In 2016, United Nations Organization’s resolution called “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” came into force as a foundation for a plan of action so that the planet and man could prosper. United Nations’ most recent conference about climate changes (cop 21) explored solutions to deal with global warming consequences and set worldwide goals in order to reduce greenhouse gases. Tourism is part of this problem . A growing activity which generates wealth and pollution. Tourism has positive aspects, however, it also has an impact on phenomena that threaten the future of the planet: climate change, excessive consumption, plastic waste, loss of biodiversity, the overburden of cities, use of fossil fuels, energy consumption, discharges. That is why having sustainable tourism is increasingly important. Resorting to design, this research project intends to contribute to the creation and promotion of a new business, in an area with strong growth potential – tourism . It is materialized through participation in a business idea, supporting its development from the beginning. Assuming the strategic dimension that design can have, not only in the construction of communication but also in the development and implementation of the idea itself and its financing. This research emerged from the identification of a business opportunity, in an area that has shown a growing interest by the public. The market and the context, where this business can be developed, were studied. The interest of the visits to the green spaces was also studied because they embody the environmental strategy of modern cities and they tell much of their history (and of their own stories). From a qualitative methodology, a theoretical investigation was carried out, through the literature review of the research fields: Tourism and Communication Design. Thus, a theoretical framework capable of boosting and directing the project component has been developed. In a second phase, case studies were analyzed, including the way in which international businesses, which explore the same niche, present themselves and disseminate their offer. Next, we analyzed factors related to project implementation: swot analysis, characterization of target audience and identification of potential competitors. As a result of this research, we have accomplish a singular project that intends to operate in a market niche, exploring and valuing gardens and green spaces in the city. Proposing to introduce the history and life of cities, through their gardens, whether they have hundreds of years or less than a decade. Awakening interest for the ‘green’ — Green Eye.
N/A
8
Harbuzova, Yelizaveta Antonivna, Єлізавета Антонівна Гарбузова e Елизавета Антоновна Гарбузова. "Bionic eye". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/38822.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In modern life there are a lot of diseases. Scientists and researchers from all over the world investigate these diseases and try to find the newest ways of treating them. One of such troubles is problem with eyes. Very often
people lose vision because of damaging their eyes or degenerative disease, for example, age-related macular degeneration.
9
Ross, Catriona. "Little eye". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8091.
Testo completo
10
Esquivel, Sandro [Verfasser]. "Eye-to-Eye Calibration - Extrinsic Calibration of Multi-Camera Systems Using Hand-Eye Calibration Methods / Sandro Esquivel". Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1073150615/34.
Testo completo
11
Lind-Hård, Viktor. "What meets the eye : Naturalistic observations of air traffic controllers eye-movements during arrivals using eye-tracking". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-159934.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
How do air traffic controllers, or ATCos, distribute visual attention and can it vary between controllers? In this study, using primarily eye-tracking data and a couple of on-site interviews, these questions are explored. Two ATCos, with the most similar landings, had their eye-movements recorded with Tobii pro glasses 2 and further analysed by categorizing every fixation into different areas of interest during four landings. Two more ATCos were interviewed briefly during an observational visit to the control tower. The results showed that the ATCos distributed their attention fairly equally between the outside of the control tower and the inside. When attending to something outside the runway was the focus and when attention was inside the control tower the radar was usually the focus. The ATCos differed in their attention distribution by the presumably more experienced ATCo distributing their attention more outside the control tower than the presumably less experienced ATCo. A large number of fixations were not categorized bringing the method of dividing the ATCos eye-tracking view into areas of interest into question.
12
Wong, Chak-ming Albert. "Feasibility study of comprehensive eye screening on low-risk persons for ocular abnormalities contribution of socio-economic and demographic variables /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31971271.
Testo completo
13
TANNFELT, WU JENNIFER. "Robot mimicking human eye movements to test eye tracking devices". Thesis, KTH, Mekatronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-245066.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Testing of eye tracking devices is done by humans looking at well defined stimuli. This way of testing eye trackers is not accurate enough because of human errors. The goal of this thesis is to design and construct reliable robotic eyes that can mimic the behaviour of human eyes. After a pre-study where human eyes, eye tracking and previous robotic eyes were studied, system requirements and specifications were formulated. Based on the re-quirements important design decisions were taken such as the use of RC servo motors, push rods, microcontrollers and a Raspberry Pi. Later the inverse kinematics of the movements and a saccade’s path planing were modelled. Additional mechanical de-sign features are rotation of the head and adjustment of the interpupillary distance. The robot is controlled using two types of application programming interfaces (APIs.) The first API is used to control the motors and the second API builds on top of the first API but is used to design paths of different eye movements between fixation points. All eye movement calculations are computed on the Raspberry Pi before the movements are communicated in real time to the microcontroller which directly performs the control signal. The robot was tested using the integrated lasers in the eyes and a video cam-era with slow motion capabilities to capture the projected laser dot on a wall. The properties tested are saccade, smooth pursuit, head rotation and eye tracking device compatibility. The results show high precision but not enough accuracy. The robot needs a few mechanical improvements such as removing the backlash in the rotat-ing joints on the eyes, decreasing the flexibility of some of the 3D printed parts and assuring symmetry in the design. The robot is a powerful testing platform capa-ble of performing all eye movement types with high-resolution control of both eyes independently through an API.Eyetracking utrustning testas av människor som tittar på väldefinierade stimuli. Att testa eyetracking på det här sättet är inte tillräckligt noggrant på grund av mänskligt fel. Malet med detta examensarbete är att designa och bygga en pålitlig ögonrobot som kan härma beteendet hos mänskliga ögon. Efter en förstudie om mänskliga ögon, eyetracking och existerade robotögon formulerades system-krav och -specikationer. Baserat på dessa krav togs en del betydande designbeslut som att använda RC servomotorer, tryckstånger, mikrokontrollers och en Raspberry Pi. Senare modellerades den inverterade kinematiken av rörelserna och saccaders banor. Ytterligare mekaniska funktioner är rotation av huvudet och justering av avståndet mellan pupillerna. Roboten styrs med hjälp av två applikationsprogrammeringsgränssnitt (API). Det första API:et används för att styra motorerna och det andra API:et bygger på det första men används för att bygga rörelsevanor av olika ögonrörelser mellan fixationspunkter. Alla ögonrörelseberåkningar görs på Raspberry Pin innan rörelsen kommuniceras i realtid till mikrokontrollen som på direkten exekverar styrsignalen. Roboten testades med integrerade lasrar i ögonen och en kamera med slow motion funktionalitet för att fånga laser prickens projektion på en vägg. Funktioner som testades är saccader, smooth pursuit, huvudrotation och eyetracking kompatibilitet. Resultat visade en hög precision men inte tillräckligt hög noggrannhet. Roboten behöver några få mekaniska förbättringar som att få bort glappet i de roterande lederna på ögat, minska flexibiliteten i några av de 3D-utskrivna delarna och garantera symmetri i designen. Roboten är en kraftfull testplatform kapabel till att utföra alla typer av ögonrörelser med högupplöst kontroll av båda ögonen var för sig genom ett API.
14
Francis, Ian C. School of Medicine UNSW. "The watery eye". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Medicine, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/35259.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The notion surfaces that, as fish evolved, left the sea and colonised the land, they then needed not only a supply of tears for their ocular surface to function, but also a means by which tears could be eliminated. The fascinating study of abnormalities of this system, which are common, frequently debilitating, and can be challenging to manage, is the purpose of this thesis. An attempt has been made initially to assess our current state of knowledge in the Introduction. In subsequent chapters, new concepts including plerolacrima, temporal plical shift and videoreflective dacryomeniscometry are introduced; some of these should prove useful clinically. Quality of life in affected preoperative and postoperative cohorts is then assessed. Original publications have been achieved in all but one of the following subsections. Conjunctivochalasis in watery eye patients has been examined for the first time in a sizeable study clinically and histopathologically. The lateral tarsal strip procedure has been described as a new method of dealing with the punctal apposition syndrome. A new assessment for success in dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery, the Valsalva bubble test, has been carried out. Tear osmolality has been studied in watery eye cohorts and compared with normal controls; this study suggests that tear production decreases significantly with obstructed lacrimal outflow. Videoreflective dacryomeniscometry has shown that watery eye patients have a higher tear meniscus than normal controls, and that this normalises following DCR surgery. Lower eyelid tensometry has been shown in patients to be unchanged compared with normal controls. Computerised tomography of the lacrimal drainage region has been used to study patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The detailed clinical mechanics of syringing the canaliculus have been described. Transcaruncular medial orbitotomy surgery for laxity of the medial canthal tendon has been tested in human cadavers, and evaluated in adult living humans. In summary, this thesis may be regarded as a tentative approach to a re-evaluation of the clinical management of the watery eye.
15
Khan-Lim, Doreen. "Dry eye mucins". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424547.
Testo completo
16
Brunstein, Ada. "Eye to I". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42147.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (S.M. in Science Writing)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Humanities, Graduate Program in Science Writing, 2007."September 2007."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-51).
This is the story of the language of eyes - what they say about our emotions, what they reveal about our intentions, how they interact with our face, and how they connect us to one another. The story follows our experience with eyes from infancy when we first learn to connect looking with knowing. This connection forms the foundation of our social understanding and has evolutionary implications. From there the story moves to gaze in love, and other social encounters. I look at the role of eye gaze in the judgments we make about others - the way in which direct eye contact may affect how likable or attractive we find another person. I then turn to these questions: how much of an eye does it take for us to feel watched? Do pictures of eyes affect us? What about the eyes of a robot - do we respond to them as we do to human eyes? I show that for those who have normally functioning eyes, attention to the eye region plays a critical role in how we learn about the social world and our place in it.
by Ada Brunstein.
S.M.in Science Writing
17
Babenko, A., e A. Kotenko. "The Eye Tribe". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/44892.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Eye Tribe is an amazing technology that allows interacting with devices in unusual way. It is sure everyone wants to know how it works.
Eye Tribe Tracker is the world‘s most affordable eye tracker that comes with a software development kit. The Eye Tribe develops software that enables eye control on mobile devices and computers, allowing hands-free navigation. This enables you to integrate an eye tracking technology into your applications and games.
18
Talevski, Lubo. "The mind's eye /". Online version of thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11774.
Testo completo
19
Hnatow, Justin Michael. "A theoretical eye model for uncalibrated real-time eye gaze estimation /". Online version of thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/2606.
Testo completo
20
Kavasakali, Maria. "Saccadic eye movement measurements in the normal eye : investigating the clinical value of a non-invasive eye movement monitoring apparatus". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3577.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Clinicians are becoming increasingly aware of the effect of various pathologies on the characteristics of saccadic eye movements. As such, an efficient and non-invasive means of measuring eye-movement in a clinical environment is of interest to many. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the clinical application of a non-invasive eye movement recording technique as a part of a clinical examination. Eye movements were measured using an IRIS 6500 infrared limbal eye tracker, which we customized for the direct recording of oblique eye movements as well as horizontal and vertical. Firstly, the eye-tracker itself was assessed. Visually normal observers made saccadic eye movements to a 10' stimulus in eight directions of gaze. Primary (ANOVA) and secondary analyses (mean error less than 5%) resulted in acceptance that averaging four measurements would give a representative measurement of saccadic latency, peak velocity, amplitude and duration. Test-retest results indicated that this technique gives statistically (± 1.96*STDEVDifference) repeatable responses. Several factors that could potentially influence clinically based measures of eye-movements were examined. These included, the effect of ageing, viewing distances, dioptric blur and cataract. The results showed that saccadic latency and duration are significantly (p < 0.05) longer in older (60-89 years) observers compared to younger (20-39 years). Peak velocity and amplitude were not significantly affected by the age of the observer. All saccadic parameters (SP) were significantly affected by direction (Chapter 5). The compact nature of this eye movement methodology is obtainable since there is no significant effect on viewing distance (300 cm vs. 49 cm) (Chapter 6). There is also no significant effect of dioptric blur (up to +LOODS) on any of the four SP. In contrast, a higher level of defocus (+3.O ODS) has a larger probability of interfering with the measurements of peak velocity and duration (Chapter 7). Saccadic eye-movements were also recorded whilst normally sighted subjects wore cataract simulation goggles. The results suggested that the presence of dense cataract introduces significant increases in saccadic latencies and durations. No effect was found on the peak velocities and amplitudes. The effect of amblyopia on SP was also investigated in order to examine if this methodology is able to detect normal from abnormal responses (i.e. increased saccadic latencies). This set of data (Chapter9 ) showed that using IRIS 6500, longer than normal latencies may be recorded from the amblyopic eye but no consistent effect was found for the other SP (peak velocity, amplitude, duration). Overall, the results of this thesis demonstrate that the IRIS 6500 eye-tracker has many desirable elements (it is non-invasive; comfortable for the observers and gives repeatable and precise results in an acceptable time) that would potentially make it a useful clinical tool as a part of a routine examination.
21
Diamantopoulos, Georgios. "Novel eye feature extraction and tracking for non-visual eye-movement applications". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/934/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) Eye-Accessing Cues (EAC) model suggests that there is a correlation between eye-movements and the internal processing mode that people employ when accessing their subjective experience. Upon careful examination, the experimental methodologies of past research studies were based on assumptions informed by an incomplete or erroneous understanding of the EAC model that could have significantly influenced the experimental results. The reliability of the results can be further impacted by the absence of modern eye-tracking equipment to support the inherently complex task of reliably recording, selecting and rating eye-movements. While a plethora of eye-tracker designs is available to date, none of them has been designed to track non-visual eye-movements (eye-movements that are a result of neuro-physiological events and are not associated with vision), which tend to range outside the normal visual field and thus perform poorly in such cases. Therefore, this thesis introduces a set of novel algorithms for the extraction of relevant eye features (pupil position, iris radius and eye corners) that are combined to calculate the 2D gaze direction and to classify each eye-movement to one of eight classes from the EAC model. The applicability of the eyetracker is demonstrated through a pilot study that serves as a real-world application case study. The performance of the eye-tracker is found to be practical for the intended purpose as it is lightweight, low-cost and can robustly perform the tasks of 2D gaze direction estimation and classification.
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Napier, Katherine Mary. "Eye to eye : the persuasive potential of direct address in the theatre". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502478.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis explores the functional dynamic of a theatrical phenomenon which has for a long time been treated as a given, a convention or a device: direct address to the audience. It is frequently mentioned by scholars and critics, but en passant; its matter, though not its manner, is sometimes dealt with at length. Until recently, however, the significance of direct address has received surprisingly little attention. My MPhil thesis unpicked the strategies of The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman by Laurence Sterne using rhetoric as its principle analytical tool. It concluded that this apparently chaotic work of narrative fiction reveals the straight lines of its intent when it is seen as organized by the act of communication between Shandy and his readers rather than by the story it might seem to be trying to tell. Teaching at the Guildford School of Acting, combined professional and academic interests and provided a context in which to investigate the effect which direct address might have in the theatre, where it is both more possible and less surprising than in a work like Tristram Shandy. The research represented in this thesis is founded in my professional practice as well as in the literature. Examined through English Renaissance theatre and its secular and sacred roots, direct address reveals itself as not merely incidental or coincidental: it signals a fundamental interest in communication which is intimately bound up with the persuasive enterprise of rhetoric. It founds a relationship between action and audience which enables a rich and varied play and interplay of idea and story, of suppose and reality, involving audience in the act of theatre both as collaborator and as objective. Though the conventions of naturalism erected a fourth wall, rendering the audience voyeurs rather than participants, Meyerhold and Brecht are shown to have stepped backwards to re-member the self-conscious reflexivity which direct address signals, and recent theatre practice is considered for its exploitation of this key element of theatre.
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Lennartsson, Emilia. "Eye-tracking och matematik : En eye-tracking-undersökning om användandet av prioriteringsreglerna". Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Jönköping University, Matematikdidaktisk forskning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49555.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilken information om matematiska strategier som går att urskilja ur en persons ögonrörelser vid en undersökning med en enklare typ av eye-tracker. Eye-tracking är en metod som gör det möjligt att studera människors ögonrörelser genom att följa den visuella uppmärksamheten utifrån vart en person tittar. I studien används en stationär eye-tracker för att kunna mäta ögonrörelserna. I den här studien har eye-tracking-undersökningar genomförts med två deltagare som tittar på och löser matematiska uppgifter som kräver prioritering. Den här studien använder en billig (kostar cirka 1000 SEK) kommersiell eye-tracker med ett egentillverkat datainsamlingsprogram. Resultatet av studien visade att det gick att utläsa information och baserat på det gick det att tolka att deltagarna verkligen använde sig av prioriteringsreglerna vid uppgifterna.The aim of this study is to investigate what information can be gathered by studying a person’s eye movements with a simpler kind of eye-tracker device. Eye-tracking is a technique that allows studying eye movements. In this study a stationary eye-tracking device was used to study and measure eye movements. This study is an original eyetracking study, consisting of two participants who solved mathematical problems that require the use of order of operations whilst wearing an eye-tracker device. The device was a relatively cheap (cost around 1000 SEK) commercial eye-tracker with a home-made data acquisition software system. The result of the study is that it is indeed possible to collect and interpret information using an eye-tracker. Based on the results the conclusion can be made that the participants used the order of operations to solve the assignments.
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Naase, Taher. "Clinical assessment of eye characteristics, sensitivity, and eye blink activity in humans". Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486492.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aims of this thesis were to objectively assess the characteristics of the ocular surface and tear film and possible inter-relationships with spontaneous eye blink activity. Both Arab and white European subjects (42 of each, average age 32 ±5 years) were studied, with all being generally healthy and non-contact lens wearers, All subjects completed an eye comfort questionnaire and assessments made with fluorescein of tear film stability and the tarsal surface, while lissamine green dye was used to highlight the eyelid marginal zone (Marx's line), Ocular surface sensitivity (cornea and bulbar conjunctiva) were measured with a Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer, the bulbar conjunctival cells sampled by impression cytology, and the spontaneous eyeblink rate (SEBR) recorded by videography. Most measures were very similar in both groups of subjects, although Arab subjects had lower tear film stability (9.7 ± 3.0 vs,14,2 ± 6.8 s, p =0,001), a wider staining with lissamine green (0.37 vs. 0.28 mm; p = 0.002), a slightly lower ocular surface sensitivity (e.g, 24.5 ± 4.4 mm vs. 28.5 ± 4.5 mm for bulbar conjunctiva, p = 0.001), but a higher eyeblink rate (18.4 ± 10.9 vs. 10.9 ± 5,9 eyeblinks/min; p =0.001). Fluorescein highlighted features (papillae) across the tarsal conjunctiva, assessed using a novel semi-automated morphometry method, had average areas from 0.028 to 0,370 mm2 (mean 0.098 ± 0,056 mm2), while the nucleus-to-cytoplasm length ratio (NUCL) of bulbar conjunctival cells ranged from 0,240 to 0.500 (mean 0.380 ± 0,060). Both sets of morphometry data correlated well with subjective grading schemes, but there was no difference between subject groups or any correlation between tarsal and bulbar surfaces (p ~ 0.2). Eyeblink rates (SEBR) ranged from 2,8 to 48.0 eyeblinks/min (mean 14.9 ± 9.9 eyeblinks/min) with analyses indicating that subjects should be considered to have either (normal or 'frequent' eyeblinking based on ~ 19 eyeblinks/min. The frequent eyeblink activity could not be statistically linked to palpebral aperture height (p ~ 0.2). Across all subjects, SEBR could be shown to be weakly correlated with conjunctival sensitivity (p = 0.014, rs = - 0.269) and the variability in the Marx line staining (p =0.019), but not to tarsal or bulbar conjunctival features (p =0.635, P = 0.913) respectively. Overall, SEBR was not dependent on film stability in either subject group (p ~ 0.4), although could be shown to be negatively correlated (p = 0.027, r = - 0.418) with tear break up time in individuals with J-type eyeblink patterns.
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Clark, Charles V. "Studies on the eye". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23795.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The thesis comprises a series of studies on the eye, with particular reference to the pathogenesis of the primary glaucomas, and the complex effects of autonomic nerve function on the eye. The first section is devoted to studies on the primary glaucomas. The integrity of autonomic nerve function is investigated, and a significant prevalence of autonomic dysfunction - both systemic and ocular - is identified in each of the major categories of primary glaucoma. The association between diabetes mellitus and the primary glaucomas is defined by a series of prospective and retrospective studies. Diurnal variation in the dimensions of the anterior chamber is described, with shallowing of the anterior chamber in the evening, which is comparable to the diurnal variation in the onset of closed-angle glaucoma. Finally, factors predisposing to the development of posterior synechiae after glaucoma operations are assessed, and the potential application of mifepristone (RU486) as a peripheral blocker of dexamethasone and progesterone is evaluated. The second section examines the relationship between autonomic nerve function and the eye, in conditions other than glaucoma. The effects of systemic autonomic nerve stimulation on the eye are assessed in a series of studies. In the anterior segment of the eye, the effects of systemic autonomic nerve stimulation on intraocular pressure are described in normal subjects and diabetic patients. In the posterior segment of the eye, the effects of systemic autonomic nerve stimulation on the retinal circulation are evaluated in normal subjects, demonstrating a significant association between systemic autonomic stimulation and retinal vessel calibre. This response is shown to be reproducible, and the association between autonomic nerve stimulation and retinal vessel calibre is supported by the results of further studies on patients with diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, and cervical sympathectomy. Finally, in this section, the efficacy of autonomic nerve function in various conditions is described. A high prevalence of systemic autonomic neuropathy and ocular autonomic neuropathy is identified in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and ocular autonomic neuropathy in patients with progressive autonomic failure. The third section comprises three miscellaneous papers, describing the association between diminished skin wrinkling and diabetes mellitus, not associated with other recognised complications of diabetes (retinopathy or autonomic neuropathy), the histopathology of extraocular muscle in congenital third nerve palsy, and the histopathology of carcinoid tumour in the lacrimal gland.
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WIDÉN, TOBIAS. "Eye Tracking Simulation Framework". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-142482.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
To facilitate eye tracking algorithm development that would benefit from simulation we created an eye tracking simulation software library and Application Programming Interface with reusable components. The main part of this library consists of a simulation core able to accept different geometrical models for the eyes, depiction mechanisms, illumination sources and eye tracking algorithms. The library has support for data generation using these models as partial input. It is also capable of performing eye tracking, including eye model calibration using the generated data and algorithms as input. We describe a selection of methodological techniques and principles for software engineering and exemplify how these can be used to improve functionality and usability of software systems. Finally, we discuss future uses and improvements which could further increase the tool’s usability and engineering qualities.För att underlätta utveckling av eye tracking-algoritmer har vi skapat ett simuleringsverktyg och programmeringsgränssnitt med återanvändbara komponenter. Verktyget består i huvudsak av en kärna, vilken utifrån geometriska modeller för ögon och ljuskällor, mekanismer för optisk projektion och algoritmer genererar eye tracking-data från virtuella scener samt kalibrering av ögonmodeller med algoritmer som tolkar genererat data. Vi beskriver ett urval av formella metoder och principer för mjukvaruutveckling och exemplifierar hur dessa kan användas för att förbättra funktionalitet och användbarhet av mjukvara. Slutligen diskuterar vi framtida användningsområden och förbättringar som ytterligare kan öka verktygets användbarhet och ingenjörsmässighet.
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Santoro, Loredana. "Perception during eye movements". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418156.
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Laidlaw, David Alistair Hunter. "Second eye cataract surgery". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322548.
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Vollmar, Anne Marie. "Screening of Eye Coordination". The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1212005075.
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30
Orchard, Rebecca L. Orchard. "Eye of the Firmament". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1530282981789348.
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Montecalvo, Natalie R. "Study of Eye Convergence". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1565966301837973.
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32
Fick, Cornelia. "Eye of a needle". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021210.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Most of my stories are about interpersonal relationships between the sexes, as well as intrapersonal processes, such as growing old. I have a deep connection to such themes because of my background as a general nurse and midwife; meeting too many abused women in hospitals, and the broader community. Because patterns of abuse tend to become invisible, I use experimental forms of storytelling as well as sharp, ironic and dark humour as a way to make this side of life more visible. My reading has shown me how experimental forms can render seemingly timeless or ageless topics in a fresh, vital way.
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Marshall, Christine. "Elizabeth Bishop's revisionary eye /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1420938.
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Bednar, James Albert. "Learning to see genetic and environmental influences on visual development /". Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3077406.
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35
Suda, Kenji. "High‐density lipoprotein mutant eye drops for the treatment of posterior eye diseases". Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/231013.
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Farmer, John William. "Developing eye care and an analysis of eye conditions in Papua New Guinea". Connect to thesis, 2007. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1730.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Accessible and affordable eye care is only a dream for much of the population of developing countries. Strategies for improving the visual welfare of these people need to be appropriate to the local situation. In 1992 a proposal was devised to address the lack of eye care in Papua New Guinea. This thesis examines the outcome of this proposal and reports on the ophthalmic data collected by these trained eye nurses.Method: In 1994, 11 National nurses were trained in a 3 month intensive course to become ‘eye nurses’. A basic set of equipment was provided to each eye nurse. Appropriate follow-up and annual conferences supported this initial training. A second group of 14 eye nurses were trained in 1997. Monthly eye clinic reports from the eye nurses provide significant data on eye conditions and visual welfare in PNGResults: After 6 years 80% of the eye nurses were still actively working in eye care. An analysis was made of the eye conditions of the 30,000 patients examined by the eye nurses over this 6 year period. The data is generally consistent with previous ophthalmic data from Papua New Guinea. The eye nurses were able to provide appropriate eye care for 80% of the presenting patients without Optometric or Ophthalmic assistance.Conclusions: Training nurses to become ‘eye nurses’ functioning as basic optometrists is an effective strategy in improving eye care in developing countries. The eye nurses were able to deliver sustainable, accessible, affordable and appropriate eye care, independently treating and managing the most common eye conditions in Papua New Guinea.
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Gu, Jianjun Jason. "Design, sensing and control of a robotic prosthetic eye for natural eye movement". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60293.pdf.
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Anderson, Lauren. "Seeing Eye to Eye| A sexuate aesthetic development model for art and education". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1526890.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Seeing Eye to Eye is a case study connecting relationships between aesthetics, aesthetic development, and gender. This study identifies major trends of aesthetic experience unique to sexual difference and gender. Viewers develop frameworks for making meaning from artworks that consist of epistemologies accumulated through education, socialization and individual experience. The dominant pedagogy is a logical tradition that teaches universal meaning. Emergent themes in student responses showed that ways of viewing and speaking about artworks are usually extrinsic or intrinsic. Extrinsic approaches privilege individual artistic agency, action, contrast and shadows, message delivery, and technical fabrication of an image. Intrinsic frameworks for viewing favor creative narration and characterization, details and textures, and personal emotional metaphor. The model created from the research equalizes a variety of aesthetic strengths, while recognizing when an individual is in possession of many strengths in looking at and talking about works of art. I created a model that catalogues extrinsic and intrinsic approaches to making meaning from artworks. Under this model, the art viewer may have varying degrees of expertise with major categories such as visual analysis or creative narrative and also use extrinsic or intrinsic frameworks for image deconstruction. The search for meaning is ever universal for humankind. This model is for teaching a pluralistic approach to education and promotes an ideal of encouraging a culture of dialoguing in civic education. Art educators should use this model for identifying and teaching to a variety of aesthetics strengths. Drawing from extrinsic and intrinsic frameworks for making meaning, art experiences in the classroom can be tailored to develop a curriculum that promotes and teaches diverse aesthetic meaning.
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Ramaesh, Thayalini. "The effects of mouse Pax6 mutants on eye development and adult eye disease". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/84.
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Lockyer, Sharon. "An eye to offensiveness : the discourse of offence and censure in Private Eye". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6785.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis is an empirical examination of the articulation of comic offence and the practices of comic censure as conducted in media discourse. Making complaints about comic discourse is a risky endeavour. The joker can retort that it was `just a joke' or can charge the complainer with lacking a sense of humour and libels can fail and be very costly. The main focus is on the discursive strategies and practices used when claiming that comedy has caused offence. This is an under-researched area in humour studies. The ambivalence involved in negotiations between ethical and comic discourse is a central tenet of the thesis. Two main avenuesf or expressing comic offence are used in the thesis: letters of complaint written to the editor of comic discourse and charges of offensive comedy made through the law of defamation. The thesis adopts an eclectic approach to data collection and analysis. The research draws on different data sources: letters pages and readers' letters printed in the satirical magazine Private Eye, newspaper articles reporting on libel cases brought against Private Eye and interviews with editors, journalists, cartoonists and libel lawyers working for Private Eye. Content analytic techniques are used when analysing the readers' letters to provide a clear overview of the general pattern of complaint involved and the common consequences of such complaint. Composition analysis is used to assess how the editor of Private Eye constructs the letters page. Here I explore the strategies employed by the editor when defendingc criticisms that offence has been causeda nd assessh ow the editor discursively treats the offended reader. To examine in closer detail the characteristic ways in which reader's structure their expression of grievance, I then employ more qualitative modes of analysis: linguistic discourse analysis and symbolic cultural analysis. Attention then shifts to the second main avenue for expressing comic offence: the law of defamation. I conduct a quantitative content analysis of Private Eye's libel litigation history to provide an overview of the types of individual who utilise the law of defamation and the bases on which reputations are damaged. Textual analysis is used to assessh ow newspapersre port libel casesb rought against Private Eye in order to explore the press' role in the debate of comic offence and comic censure. In my conclusion I discuss what the thesis suggests about the ethical considerations of humour and comedy and I highlight the importance of the thesis for humour studies. The thesis finishes with some recommendations for future research.
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Rofail, Marc. "Open globe injuries at the Royal Brisbane Hospital : 12 year audit : prognostic indicators, enucleation and quality of life /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19391.pdf.
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Satgunam, PremNandhini. "Dynamics of vergence eye movements in pre-vergence adaptation and post-vergence adaptation conditions". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1196173244.
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Zhu, Meidong. "Development and regression of the human hyaloid system". Thesis, Sydney Medical School, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14472.
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Balaram, Rakhee. "The innocent eye as myth : eye, identity and vision from surrealism to écriture féminine". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619640.
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Cederlund, Joakim. "Eye preference in humans and its correlation with eye dominance, visual acuity and handedness". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129460.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Handedness is the most obvious expression of lateralized behaviour in humans. However, there is only limited knowledge about other forms of lateralized behaviour, e.g. preferential use of an eye and whether these may correlate with handedness. Thus to investigate this, 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females) between 11 and 80 years of age were assessed for their eye preference, eye dominance, visual acuity, and handedness. Eye preference was assessed by performing four different monocular tasks, eye dominance by performing the binocular Dolman test, visual acuity was assessed with a Snellen chart and handedness was surveyed using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. Regarding eye preference, the right eye was preferred by 69% of the subjects. 90 % of the subjects were consistent for their preferred eye across all four tasks. 66% of the subjects had a dominant right eye, 33% had left eye dominance and 1% could not be assessed using the Dolman test. 56% of the subjects differed in their visual acuity between both eyes, while 43% had the same visual acuity in both of their eyes. 86% of the subjects were right-handed while 4% were left handed and 10% were ambidextrous. Significant correlations were found between visual acuity and eye preference and between visual acuity and eye dominance. The study also found a positive correlation between handedness and eye preference. These results support the notion that there is a weak correlation between the different aspects of lateralized behaviour in humans.
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Lara-Castillo, Nuria Tombran-Tink Joyce. "Analysis of PEDF expression in a mouse model of retinal neovascularization and autocrine effects of PEDF on retinal cells". Diss., UMK access, 2006.
Cerca il testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Pharmacy and School of Biological Sciences. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2006."A dissertation in pharmaceutical sciences and molecular biology and biochemistry." Advisor: Joyce Tombran-Tink. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Oct. 31, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-234). Online version of the print edition.
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El-Sherbeeny, Ahmed M. "A non-invasive technique for monitoring miotic eye responses". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1921.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 141 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-106).
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Molapo, Johanna. "Eye care services for diabetic patients at Dr George Mukhari Hospital, Gauteng Province". Thesis, University of Limpopo ( Medunsa Campus ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/419.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo, 2011.Introduction: Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus characterized by hyperglycemia is a global health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports an estimated 177 million diabetics worldwide and this number is expected to double by the year 2030 mainly because of the unhealthy life styles of not doing physical exercises and eating unhealthy food. The resultant obesity is putting people at risk of developing diabetes and micro vascular complications like diabetic retinopathy that can affect a person’s eyesight. Aims and Objectives: The aim and objectives of this study were to determine the socio-economic characteristics and the level of awareness regarding the eye care services offered by the diabetic clinic at Dr George Mukhari Hospital as well as to identify the referral patterns and possible factors that may influence diabetic patients to utilize these offered services. Study methodology: Data was collected from adult diabetic patients attending the diabetic clinic at Dr George Mukhari Hospital by making use of an anonymous researcher assisted structured questionnaire. The questionnaire had sections covering the socio demographic and epidemiological information of the respondent; awareness about diabetic complications with emphasis on routine eye care; referral patterns of health professionals to the eye specialist and other barriers that the respondents experienced in attending the available eye care services. Results: Data was collected from a total of 175 respondents. The majority of the respondents were African (98%) females (75%) and older than 56 years of age (82%). Basically all the respondents (98%) did not have a medical aid and 50.3% of them were unemployed and had to make use of public transport to visit the clinic. Ninety six percent of the respondents were aware of the fact that diabetes can cause eye complications and that a routine eye test is important to prevent blindness. In this group of participants there was a referral rate of 95% which proved to be very successful because only 18% of the respondents were in need of an eye operation while the rests were treated for minor problems and then discharged. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study all indications are that the referral patterns for diabetic patients from the diabetic clinic at the Dr George Mukhari hospital for eye testing is effective. All efforts should be made to ensure that diabetic patients go for a yearly routine eye test.
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Jemc, Jennifer Colleen. "Regulation of Drosophila eye development by the transcription factors : eyes absent and Spenito". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38996.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2007.Includes bibliographical references.
During development of an adult organism from a fertilized embryo, signaling pathways are deployed reiteratively to regulate a variety of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, specification, differentiation, migration, survival and death. These signaling pathways do not act independently, but rather are integrated to yield desired developmental outcomes. While there are a variety of mechanisms by which signaling pathways are integrated, our work has focused on signal integration at the level of transcriptional control. Signaling pathways have been demonstrated to converge at the level of transcription, either by regulating activity of a common transcription factor and affecting its transcriptional output, or by regulating activity of distinct transcription factors, which target a common set of genes. In order to understand how signaling pathways are integrated to affect developmental outcomes, it is not only necessary to investigate the regulation of these transcription factors during development, but also it is necessary to identify their downstream transcriptional targets. In this thesis we have focused on the roles of two downstream transcriptional effectors, Eyes absent (EYA) and Spenito (NITO), in Drosophila eye development.
(cont.) EYA is a member of the retinal determination gene network (RDGN), a network of transcription factors and cofactors that when mutated result in defects in eye development, and when overexpressed can induce ectopic eye development. EYA functions as a part of a bipartite transcriptional complex, with EYA providing the transactivation function for the complex, and its cofactor Sine oculis (SO), providing the DNA-binding function. In addition to acting as a transcription cofactor, EYA also functions as a protein phosphatase, presenting a unique juxtaposition of functions and raising the question, how are these functions related? In order to examine how transcriptional activity is affected by mutating EYA phosphatase activity, we needed to identify additional transcriptional targets, given that only one target had been identified at the time these experiments began. Using microarray analysis, we compared expression profiles of wildtype tissue to those of tissue overexpressing a wildtype eya transgene. In parallel, we overexpressed a phosphatase mutant eya transgene, which allowed us to examine the overall effects of reducing phosphatase activity on transcriptional output.
(cont.) We identified 577 genes with altered expression upon overexpression of wildtype or mutant eya and confirmed 6 genes as direct targets of EYA transcriptional regulation, including string, a cell cycle regulatory gene. Stg is a particularly intriguing target, given previously characterized proliferation defects observed in tissue misexpressing eya and so. In addition, our array results suggest that mutating EYA phosphatase activity does not globally impair EYA's transcriptional output, suggesting that these functions are somewhat independent. Further analysis of transcriptional target expression and identification of targets of EYA phosphatase activity will be necessary to understand how these two functions are integrated during development. In addition, we have examined the role of SPOC family proteins, which function as effectors of Notch, Wingless and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling, in Drosophila eye development. Studies of these proteins in cultured cells have demonstrated their ability to function as transcriptional coregulators. In the work presented here, we have investigated the role of the small SPOC protein, Spenito (NITO), during Drosophila eye development and analyzed its relationship to a large SPOC protein, Split ends (SPEN), which is predicted to have redundant function.
(cont.) First, we characterized the eye phenotypes arising from overexpression of nito. Overexpression of nito perturbs eye development and in contrast to spen, which has been shown to act as a positive effector of EGFR signaling, appears to be a negative effector of EGFR signaling during eye development. Further genetic analysis of the relationship between spen and nito in the eye suggests they function antagonistically, possibly by targeting a common set of genes for transcriptional regulation. Further analysis of SPOC family mutants and study of the functions of these proteins at a molecular level will be necessary to understand the relationship of small and large SPOC proteins and the roles of the proteins in development and disease.
by Jennifer Colleen Jemc.
Ph.D.
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Fekete, Lorand, e Maria Hagelbäck. "Gameplay experience with eye tracking". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5320.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study is about how a person who is used to play games experiences playing a game with their eyes as input. The participants played a 3D game where the player had to collect coins by moving a ball over them. The participants first tried the game with keyboard as input and then right after only interacting by gazing via screen. The achieved score was recorded both for input from keyboard and input from eye. After the game session the participants were asked to answer two questionnaires that contained questions about their background and questions referring to the game they just played. The experiment was performed in a lab with a TobiiT60 eye tracker. All participants got lower score when they used eye tracking as input but most of the participants found it to be more fun. We reached the conclusion that, with the game used in our experiment, the participants felt that gaining a high score was not the most important. Instead they ranked having fun as a more important factor. Our experiment has shown that using an eye tracker can make a casual game more fun.