Tesi sul tema "Extension of collective procedure"
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Kouassi, Koffi Samir Rehmann. "L'extension d 'une procédure collective". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0130.
Abstract (sommario):
L’extension d’une procédure collective est une création jurisprudentielle consacrée par la loi de sauvegarde des entreprises du 26 juillet 2005. Elle a pour objectif de reconstituer artificiellement le patrimoine séparé du débiteur. Ainsi, elle va consister à étendre la procédure collective initiale à une ou plusieurs personnes physiques ou morales. L’extension de procédure collective revêt un avantage considérable pour le débiteur dans la mesure où elle va lui offrir plus de possibilités et de moyens lui permettant de résoudre au mieux ses difficultés. De même pour le créancier qui verra le patrimoine du débiteur réuni à celui d’une tierce personne. Son fondement juridique est l’article L. 621-2 du code de commerce. Il dispose que le tribunal doit caractériser l’existence d’une confusion de patrimoine ou la fictivité avant de prononcer un jugement d’extension de procédure collective. La jurisprudence contribue grandement à l’évolution législative de l’extension de procédure collective. En dépit de la codification de cette procédure, la jurisprudence y occupe une place omniprésente. Ce rôle s’explique par le fait que le législateur laisse au juge le pouvoir d’interpréter et d’apprécier l’extension de procédure collective, sur la base de ses deux causes qui sont respectivement la confusion de patrimoine et la fictivité. Quel est donc le pouvoir d’appréciation laissé au juge ? Il s’agit de l’interprétation dont dispose ce dernier concernant l’existence de la fictivité ou de la confusion de patrimoine. Ainsi donc, pour prononcer une extension de procédure collective sur la base de la confusion de patrimoine, le juge doit nécessairement caractériser l’existence de relations financières anormales ou l’imbrication inextricable des patrimoines, à savoir celui du débiteur principal et celui ou ceux des personnes à qui il voudrait étendre la procédure collective.L’appréciation du caractère fictif de la personne morale est le cas le moins fréquent mais reste le plus complexe à déterminer. Les juges ont la lourde responsabilité de déceler la fictivité d’une personne morale et se heurtent la plupart du temps aux divers montages financiers établis dans les groupes de sociétés.Le juge n’a pas à chercher si la confusion de patrimoine entre deux personnes physiques ou morales a causé un préjudice au débiteur principal pour étendre sa procédure collective. Cet encadrement législatif laisse apparaître que les juges sont libres de prononcer l’extension de procédure collective en prenant en compte le fait qu’un contrôle rigoureux de leur décision est réalisé par la Cour de cassation. En outre, au regard des intérêts divergents du débiteur et du créancier, mais aussi en raison de l’impact des décisions d’extension de procédure collective sur la vie économique de ces deux catégorie de personnes, les décisions prononçant l’extension de procédure collective font l’objet d’un contrôle rigoureux de la part de la Cour de Cassation.Toutefois si cette procédure recèle bien des avantages, il n’en demeure pas moins, qu’au regard de sa pratique, certaines réformes pourraient permettre de l’améliorerThe extension of a collective procedure is a jurisprudential creation enshrined in the law on the protection of companies of 26 July 2005. Its objective is to artificially reconstitute the debtor's prepared assets. Thus, it will consist in extending the initial collective procedure to one or more natural or legal persons. The extension of collective proceedings is of considerable benefit to the debtor insofar as it will offer him more possibilities and means to solve his difficulties as well as possible. The same applies to the creditor who will see the debtor's assets combined with those of a third party.Its legal basis is Article L. 621-2 of the French Commercial Code. It provides that the court must characterize the existence of a Confusion of patrimony or fictitious nature before pronouncing a judgment extending collective proceedings. Case law contributes significantly to the legislative evolution of the extension of collective proceedings. Despite the codification of this procedure, case law is omnipresent. This role is explained by the fact that the legislator gives the judge the power to interpret and assess the extension of collective proceedings, on the basis of its two causes, namely confusion of assets and fictitious acts. What is the discretion left to the judge? This is the latter's interpretation of the existence of fictitious or confusing assets. Thus, therefore, in order to pronounce an extension of collective proceedings on the basis of the Confusion of Assets, the judge must necessarily characterise the existence of abnormal financial relations or the inextricable interweaving of assets, namely that of the principal debtor and that of the person or persons to whom he would like to extend the collective proceedings.The assessment of the fictitious nature of the legal person is the least frequent case but remains the most complex to determine. Judges have a heavy responsibility to detect the fictitious nature of a legal person and most often encounter the various financial arrangements established within corporate groups.The need not to look for whether the confusion of assets between two natural or legal persons has caused prejudice to the principal debtor in order to extend his collective proceedings. This legislative framework shows that judges are free to extend collective proceedings, taking into account the fact that their decision is rigorously reviewed by the Court of Cassation. In addition, in view of the divergent interests of the debtor and the creditor, but also because of the impact of decisions to extend collective proceedings on the economic life of these two categories of persons, decisions ordering the extension of collective proceedings are subject to rigorous control by the Court of Cassation.However, while there are many advantages to this procedure, the fact remains that, in terms of its practice, some reforms could improve it
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Cao, Jun. "A Random-Linear-Extension Test Based on Classic Nonparametric Procedures". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/48271.
Abstract (sommario):
StatisticsPh.D.
Most distribution free nonparametric methods depend on the ranks or orderings of the individual observations. This dissertation develops methods for the situation when there is only partial information about the ranks available. A random-linear-extension exact test and an empirical version of the random-linear-extension test are proposed as a new way to compare groups of data with partial orders. The basic computation procedure is to generate all possible permutations constrained by the known partial order using a randomization method similar in nature to multiple imputation. This random-linear-extension test can be simply implemented using a Gibbs Sampler to generate a random sample of complete orderings. Given a complete ordering, standard nonparametric methods, such as the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, can be applied, and the corresponding test statistics and rejection regions can be calculated. As a direct result of our new method, a single p-value is replaced by a distribution of p-values. This is related to some recent work on Fuzzy P-values, which was introduced by Geyer and Meeden in Statistical Science in 2005. A special case is to compare two groups when only two objects can be compared at a time. Three matching schemes, random matching, ordered matching and reverse matching are introduced and compared between each other. The results described in this dissertation provide some surprising insights into the statistical information in partial orderings.
Temple University--Theses
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Monteblanco, Vinces Alejandro. "The Extension of Collective Agreements Within Collective Bargaining at Company Level". Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118932.
Abstract (sommario):
In this article, a review is conducted to the implementation of Peruvian law of collective agreements and their impact at company level. To achieve this purpose, in principle we mentioned what the Peruvian labor laws and their current application, and then compared with other Latin American visions, and finally outline a more peaceful solution considering the guidelines of the International Labour Organization labor standards and our constitutional current.En el presente artículo, se realizará una crítica a la aplicación de la legislación peruana de los convenios colectivos y sus efectos a nivel de empresa. Para alcanzar tal finalidad, en principio analizaremos lo que menciona la normativa laboral peruano y su aplicación actual, para luego compararla con otras visiones latinoamericanas, y finalmente, esbozar una solución más pacifica considerando los lineamientos de la Organización Internacional de Trabajo y nuestra normativa constitucional laboral vigente.
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Hammouri, Hanan. "Review and Extension for the O’Brien Fleming Multiple Testing procedure". VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3260.
Abstract (sommario):
O'Brien and Fleming (1979) proposed a straightforward and useful multiple testing procedure (group sequential testing procedure) for comparing two treatments in clinical trials where subject responses are dichotomous (e.g. success and failure). O'Brien and Fleming stated that their group sequential testing procedure has the same Type I error rate and power as that of a fixed one-stage chi-square test, but gives the opportunity to terminate the trial early when one treatment is clearly performing better than the other. We studied and tested the O'Brien and Fleming procedure specifically by correcting the originally proposed critical values. Furthermore, we updated the O’Brien Fleming Group Sequential Testing procedure to make it more flexible via three extensions. The first extension is combining the O’Brien Fleming Group Sequential Testing procedure with the Optimal allocation, where the idea is to allocate more patients to the better treatment after each interim analysis. The second extension is combining the O’Brien Fleming Group Sequential Testing procedure with the Neyman allocation which aims to minimize the variance of the difference in sample proportions. The last extension is that we can allow for different sample weights for different stages, as opposed to equal allocation for different stages. Simulation studies showed that the O’Brien Fleming Group Sequential Testing procedure is relatively robust to the added features.
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Di, Toro Andrea. "Registrazione e replicazione di procedure Web con una Firefox Extension". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/1866/.
Abstract (sommario):
In questo lavoro di tesi è stata sviluppata una Firefox Extension per la registrazione e la replicazione di procedure sul Web. Si tratterà a fondo l’ambiente tecnologico nel quale è stata sviluppata l’applicazione e il contesto in cui si inserisce una Firefox Extension.
Illustreremo il problema che intendiamo risolvere con la nostra estensione,il contesto applicativo in cui si inserisce e riporteremo una serie di lavori correlati che cercano, con diversi approcci, di risolvere il nostro stesso problema.
Illustreremo il lavoro trattando approfonditamente l’approccio da noi utilizzato, mostrandone i vantaggi e i limiti.
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Toyama, Miyagusuku Jorge, e Alfredo Torres. "Extension of the Collective LabourA greement and Minority Union". IUS ET VERITAS, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123211.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper is about a current Collective Labour Law matter of debate, which is the provenance of the extension of collective labour agreements of minority unions in favor of the non-unionized workers. To start, the authors point the constitutional basis of the Collective Labour Law.Likewise, they refer that exists a strong dualism regarding the acceptance of the extension of the collective agreements signed by a minority union. They arrive to this conclusion after reviewing some of the Peruvian Labour case law, as well as some administrative pronouncements on this field. Finally, they conclude saying that is possible that the collective agreement it be extended, provided that the right of union freedom is not affected.El presente trabajo versa sobre un tema de debate en la actualidad del Derecho Colectivo del Trabajo, el cual es la procedencia de la extensión de convenios colectivos de trabajo de sindicatos minoritarios a favor de trabajadores no sindicalizados. Para empezar, los autores señalan la base constitucional del Derecho Colectivo del Trabajo. Asimismo, indican que existe mucho dualismo entorno a la aceptación de la extensión de los convenios colectivos suscritos por un sindicato minoritario. Llegan a esa conclusión luego de haber revisado unos casos de la jurisprudencia laboral peruana, así como de pronunciamientos administrativos sobre el tema.Finalmente, concluyen que es factible que se extienda el convenio colectivo, siempre y cuando no se vulnere el derecho de libertad sindical.
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Bézert, Adrien. "Les effets de l'extension de la procédure collective pour confusion des patrimoines". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD051.
Abstract (sommario):
L’extension de la procédure collective pour confusion des patrimoines permet de soumettre une pluralité de débiteurs à une unique procédure collective. Les récentes réformes ont profondément modifié la nature de ce mécanisme : longtemps perçu comme une véritable sanction, ce dernier tend de plus en plus à être utilisé comme un simple outil de restructuration, voire de protection. Ses effets autrefois redoutés sont aujourd’hui recherchés. La thèse révèle la complémentarité de ces derniers dans le traitement des situations de confusion des patrimoines et propose plusieurs solutions permettant d’assurer leur prévisibilité. Elle suggère également plusieurs pistes de réflexion permettant de mettre en adéquation les cas de recours au mécanisme à la nature particulièrement originale des effets produits par ce dernierExtending a collective insolvency procedure in the case of estate compels a number of debtors to comply with a unique collective procedure. Recent reforms have deeply modified the nature of this mechanism: for a long time perceived as a sanction, it is now used as a simple tool for restructuring, and to an extent a tool for protection. Its consequences were once dreaded, whereas now they are coveted. This thesis enhances the complementarity that exists between the latter when dealing with situations of estate confusion and offers several solutions enabling foreseeability. Furthermore, it opens up to several lines of thoughts that can correlate cases when resorting to this mechanism to the particularly original effects generated by the latter
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Gangel, David M. "The referendum impasse resolution procedure and its potential application to the education profession". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54292.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of this dissertation was to determine the degree of acceptance of the referendum impasse resolution procedure in education and to determine under what conditions such a procedure would be most readily accepted.
A survey research design was used. Teacher negotiation statutes of the fifty states were categorized into four strata. One representative state from each strata was selected (Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia), Specific populations were assigned representation of the major interest groups in teacher negotiations (school board chairmen, local association presidents, local superintendents, and local elected officials) and were sampled within the selected states.
lt was concluded from the principal findings that the degree of acceptance of the referendum procedure was generally greater than the acceptance of interest arbitration, the strike, or the absence of an impasse resolution procedure. The conditions which contributed to the acceptance of the procedure included: the district's labor relations environment; the district's financial dependency; the district's average teacher salary; the district's community type; and experience with, and the perceptions of, other impasse resolution procedures used in the district.
The study provided several implications for the education profession. The referendum impasse resolution procedure is a potentially viable alternative impasse procedure for education negotiation impasse. The referendum procedure is most likely to be accepted in states or localities where interest arbitration and/or the strike are commonly used.Ed. D.
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Bahry, Teseer. "Extension of radiolytic procedure to the preparation of conducting polymers in organic solvents : synthesis, characterization and applications". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS328/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Dans le présent travail, nous avons étendu aux solvants organiques notre méthodologie radiolytique de synthèse de polymères conducteurs (PCs), initialement développée en solutions aqueuses. Dans ce contexte, la polymérisation des PCs a été étudiée par radiolyse gamma dans différents solvants organiques et sous différentes conditions expérimentales. La synthèse radio-induite a, en particulier, été optimisée dans le dichlorométhane grâce à la variation et à l’ajustement de différents paramètres : atmosphère, dose, débit de dose, concentration des monomères, etc. Cette synthèse a ainsi pu mener à la préparation de différents types de polymères conducteurs : poly (3,4-éthylènedioxythiophène), poly (3-thiophène acétique acide) and Poly (3-hexylthiophène). Ces derniers ont été totalement caractérises en solutions ou après dépôt par des techniques analytiques, spectroscopiques et microscopiques complémentaires. Nous avons en particulier démontré la simplicité et la versatilité de la polymérisation radio-induite de TAA que ce soit dans le dichlorométhane ou dans l’eau, et avons mis en évidence quelques différentes notable entre ces deux voies de synthèse. Nous avons, par ailleurs, évalué l’influence de la nature des espèces radiolytiques oxydantes générées dans le dichlorométhane, via la variation de l’atmosphère de travail (N₂, air ou O₂), sur les propriétés des polymères conducteurs radio-synthétises, en particulier dans le cas de P3HT. Parmi les nombreuses propriétés physiques chimiques que nous avons sondées dans le cas de tous nos polymères conducteurs radio- synthétises les propriétés électroniques et électrochimiques ont fait l’objet d’une attention particulière. Nos matériaux ont alors été incorporés au sien de cellules solaires à pérovskite hybrides organiques-inorganique (PSCs) et y ont été utilisés comme matériaux de transport de trous (HTMs). Notre nouvelle stratégie radiolytique de synthèse décrite et étendu dans le présent manuscrit, ouvre sans aucun doute la voie à la préparation de nouveaux PCs nanostructurés, de morphologie contrôlée et aux propriétés augmentées : par exemple grâce à l’utilisation d’une polymérisation en microémulsions ou par le développement d’une copolymérisation raisonnéeThe extension of our original radiolytic methodology to the use of organic solvents was an important alternative approach to radiation-induced polymerization of conducting polymers (CPs) in aqueous solutions. The polymerization of CPs was studied by using gamma-radiolysis of several organic solvents under different environmental conditions. The optimization of the synthesis conditions of CPs was then conducted into dichloromethane solvent. After optimization of the synthesis conditions (atmosphere, dose, dose rate, concentration of organic monomers, etc.), the use of dichloromethane radiolysis was successfully employed to synthesize various types of conducting polymers: Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), Poly (3-thiophene acetic acid) (PTAA) and Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). The radio-synthesized polymers were fully characterized in solution and after deposition by complementary analytical, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Also, the simplicity and versatility of radiation induced polymerization of 3-thiophene acetic acid in dichloromethane and in aqueous solutions was demonstrated. The differences between the two radiolysis routes were highlighted. Furthermore, the influence of generating different oxidizing species under different atmospheres (N₂, air or O₂) upon ɣ-irradiation of dichloromethane solutions containing organic monomers was also studied in particular in case of P3HT. The electronic and electrochemical properties were checked for all radio-synthesized CPs. Accordingly, these polymers were then incorporated in hybrid organic and inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and used as hole transport materials (HTMs). Our new radiolytic strategy described and extended in this manuscript opens the way for the preparation of new nanostructured CPs with controlled morphology and enhanced properties by using microemulsion polymerization and also for the preparation of processable conjugated materials through copolymerization
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Dos, Santos Maria Ivone. "Extension du corps, mémoire et projection : réseau d'une oeuvre et de son errance". Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010552.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette thèse retrace la mémoire de nos déplacements de vie afin de voir de quelle manière ils nourrissent notre pensée pratique artistique. Du corps à l'oeuvre nous articulons, à travers nos propositions plastiques, les modes de projection de notre mémoire. Il s'agit de montrer que l' oeuvre est toujours une extension du corps et de son auteur et que celui -ci, en la produisant, cherche à en construire le sens en invitant, d'une certaine façon, le 'regardeur' à s'y projeter. La photographie analogique, empreinte lumineuse gravée sur un négatif ainsi que la technique de l'empreinte, contact physique porteur d'une trace, ont été les dispositifs utilisés pour prélever et transporter nos gestes sur d'autres situations. Articulant ces formes de toucher avec nos manipulations, nous avons réalisé plusieurs expériences. L'écriture de la thèse a illuminé le sentier de notre création pour dévoiler un réseau d'errance. Nous pouvons y voir comment ce réseau nous a permis de déceler la visibilité d'un système et la construction d'un espace mobile, capable à la fois de contenir la mémoire de notre parcours artistique et d'être le lieu d'articulation de nouveaux départs. Mettant en lumière un champ singulier, notre recherche a abouti à la mise en place d'une dynamique du double, d'un revenir en devenir du corps, toujours autre.
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Henderson, Caroline M. "An extension of the recreational carrying capacity concept : a procedure for recreation resource allocation in the planning of natural landsapes". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17323.
Abstract (sommario):
Includes bibliography.Investigating the recreational carrying capacity of a new coastal national park in South Africa was the initial problem to be addressed. However, an examination of the concept and attempts to operationalize it shows clearly that it is illusory. Instead, the problem is conceived of as a process in which decisions about the allocation of recreation opportunities in the landscape must be made. ·The dissertation examines the complexities of decision-making in the face of multiple objectives, a spectrum of values, the uncertainties of predicting environmental impacts and the influence of the subjective values and preferences of decision makers. This leads to the conclusion that a framework is required to guide the recreation opportunity allocation decision process. This framework is to be systematic, comprehensive and above all, explicit. The subjective nature of the decision process is given overt recognition, and the role of science in environmental decision-making put in perspective. A tiered recreation planning system is proposed. At the scale of a single area such as a national park, two levels of planning are seen as necessary. The dissertation is largely concerned with elaborating an area-level procedure for allocating recreation "packages" or opportunities in the landscape. The procedure proposed combines the approach of the Limits of Acceptable Change planning system with techniques from decision analysis, to structure the subjective aspects of the process, and techniques of land evaluation to systematize the ecological basis for recreation planning in landscapes of particular conservation importance. A second, detailed level of planning at the site and recreation activity scale is proposed as being necessary, but is not developed further in the dissertation. The Limits of Acceptable Change process defines a range of recreation opportunity classes in terms of social and resource conditions and managerial approaches necessary to maintain these conditions. Environmental quality standards for each class are formulated to monitor compliance with the objectives for each class. These recreation opportunity classes must be allocated in the landscape. A decision tree is constructed to expose the actual process by which recreation opportunity classes are spatially designated. The decision-tree comprises a tiered series of questions, the answers to which are decided by explicitly defined decision rules or criteria. The basis of these decision rules are the analyst's interpretation of the data available on the system. This decision-making process was tested on the Weskus National Park at Langebaan on the Cape West coast of South Africa. It was found to be effective in allocating recreation opportunities in the landscape, and offers a defensible planning strategy for conservation agencies operating under time and financial constraints in the face of an increasingly environmentally aware and articulate public.
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Achieng, Pauline. "Analysis of the Robin-Dirichlet iterative procedure for solving the Cauchy problem for elliptic equations with extension to unbounded domains". Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematik och tillämpad matematik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-170835.
Abstract (sommario):
In this thesis we study the Cauchy problem for elliptic equations. It arises in many areas of application in science and engineering as a problem of reconstruction of solutions to elliptic equations in a domain from boundary measurements taken on a part of the boundary of this domain. The Cauchy problem for elliptic equations is known to be ill-posed. We use an iterative regularization method based on alternatively solving a sequence of well-posed mixed boundary value problems for the same elliptic equation. This method, based on iterations between Dirichlet-Neumann and Neumann-Dirichlet mixed boundary value problems was first proposed by Kozlov and Maz’ya [13] for Laplace equation and Lame’ system but not Helmholtz-type equations. As a result different modifications of this original regularization method have been proposed in literature. We consider the Robin-Dirichlet iterative method proposed by Mpinganzima et.al [3] for the Cauchy problem for the Helmholtz equation in bounded domains. We demonstrate that the Robin-Dirichlet iterative procedure is convergent for second order elliptic equations with variable coefficients provided the parameter in the Robin condition is appropriately chosen. We further investigate the convergence of the Robin-Dirichlet iterative procedure for the Cauchy problem for the Helmholtz equation in a an unbounded domain. We derive and analyse the necessary conditions needed for the convergence of the procedure. In the numerical experiments, the precise behaviour of the procedure for different values of k2 in the Helmholtz equation is investigated and the results show that the speed of convergence depends on the choice of the Robin parameters, μ0 and μ1. In the unbounded domain case, the numerical experiments demonstrate that the procedure is convergent provided that the domain is truncated appropriately and the Robin parameters, μ0 and μ1 are also chosen appropriately.Funding Agencies: International Science Programme (ISP) and the Eastern Africa Universities Mathematics Programme (EAUMP).
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Shella, Andrew Jospeh Shella. "Negotiating Technology in Faculty Collective Bargaining Agreements". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1513090944291521.
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Hablot, Cécile. "De la norme privée à la norme publique en droit du travail". Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020087.
Abstract (sommario):
Parmi les normes qui alimentent le droit du travail, la convention collective revêt une nature particulière. Norme privée, elle emporte à l’égard des salariés, les effets d’un règlement. Au-delà, l’intervention d’une autorité publique peut provoquer sa métamorphose. L’extension et l’élargissement conduisent déjà à une métamorphose : un arrêté ministériel déploie les effets de la convention évinçant définitivement son effet relatif. Mais celle-ci ne devient pas pour autant une norme réglementaire. Le glissement de la norme privée vers la norme publique n’est pas complet. Une situation hybride est créée. Mais qu’en est-il alors de l’équilibre entre la liberté des partenaires sociaux et le pouvoir du ministre du Travail ? Quels liens entretiennent le régime de la convention et celui de l’arrêté, le juge judiciaire et le juge administratif ? De la norme privée à la norme publique, la métamorphose est complète lorsque la substance d’un accord collectif est reprise dans le texte d’une loi ou d’un règlement. Les partenaires sociaux sont par là-même associés à la confection de la norme publique. Née d’une pratique, cette participation a reçu consécration législative avant son éventuelle constitutionnalisation. Au-delà du constat de l’interdépendance des partenaires sociaux et du législateur et de la mesure de ses avantages et ses inconvénients, la conception de l’intérêt général, la place du Parlement et le rôle du Conseil constitutionnel sont au coeur de l’étudeAmong all the standards that shape French Labor Law, the Collective Agreement is of a special nature. As a private standard, it has the same effects, towards the employees, as a regulation. Besides, the intervention of a public authority may cause its transformation. Its extension and its enlargement have already lead to a transformation: a ministerial order has widened the effects of the Agreement, thus suppressing definitively its privity. Yet the Collective Agreement has not become a regulatory standard. The mutation of the private standard to a public standard is not yet complete. A hybrid situation has emerged. But what about the liberty of the Social Partners and the powers of the French Minister of Labor? How to articulate the legal effects of the Collective Agreement and the legal effects of the ministerial ordinance? How to articulate the relationships between the ordinary courts and the administrative courts? From a private standard to a public standard, the transformation is complete when the content of a Collective agreement is adopted in a statute or a regulation, thus associating the Social Partners to the creation of a public standard. While their participation has received legislative backing, it might even be constitutionalized. Beyond the observation of the interdependence between the Social Partners and the legislative power, and beyond the assessment of the pros and cons of this interdependence, the conception of the general interest, the place of the Parliament and the role of the Conseil constitutionnel are at the heart of the present study
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John, Natacha Souza. "Ação coletiva passiva e a proteção ambiental". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2013. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/829.
Abstract (sommario):
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar que a ação coletiva passiva pode ser um importante instrumento na preservação do meio ambiente. Para tanto é realizada uma análise sobre a evolução histórica das ações coletivas até chegar à apreciação da ação coletiva passiva.
Embora, nossa doutrina não tenha se ocupado significativamente do estudo, os conflitos de interesses em que a coletividade encontra-se no pólo passivo da demanda existem e, mais do que nunca, estão presentes na sociedade. Assim, será feita uma abordagem dos princípios que
garantem este tipo de ação, bem como analisadas questões referentes a legitimação processual, representação adequada e interesse de agir. Além de abordar o instituto da coisa julgada, ressaltando a importância dos seus efeitos no que tange a natureza do bem ambiental.
E ainda, uma apreciação crítica da questão no futuro código de processos coletivos. Deste modo, para entender e manejar com a necessária eficiência os chamados processos coletivos torna-se imperativo a ruptura com a visão de institutos processuais clássicos, marcados por uma visão individualista e que se mostram obsoletos e impróprios para regrar o
processo,principalmente ambiental, sendo imprescindível buscar novos paradigmas para nortear esse novo ramo do direito processual. Assim, é imperativo trilhar novos caminhos processuais a fim de conseguir a adequada tutela do meio ambiente, onde o formalismo e as
regras clássicas e arcaicas do direito sejam deixados de lado, pois em nada condizem com a natureza do direito ambiental, devido a sua característica tão peculiar.Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2014-10-20T10:22:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Natacha Souza John.pdf: 1388370 bytes, checksum: 4f153e7074bd93eb7ecaa46a318005bf (MD5)
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The present work aims to demonstrate that the way which the civil procedure is designed today by law enforcement officers, is not able of meeting constitutional rights, particularly with regard to environmental issues. Therefore, it is made an analysis of the historical evolution of collective actions to reach the appreciation of passive collective action. Still, that our doctrine has not engaged significantly in the study, the conflicts of interest in which the collectivity must meet at the passive pole of the demand exist and, more than ever, are present in society. In this way, the contribution of procedural institutes from other systems has been shown to be very effective in helping in the formation of an environmental process to achieve effective protection of the environment. In this feeling, to understand and managed with the necessary efficiency so-called collective processes becomes imperative to break with the vision of classic procedural institutes, marked by an individualistic vision and that show obsolete and unfit to regulate processes, being essential to seek new paradigms to lead this new branch of procedural law. Thus, it is essential to pursue new procedure paths in order to achieve adequate protection of the environment, in which the formalism and the classical and archaic rules of law are left aside, because of it does not match the nature of environmental law, due to its so peculiar characteristic.
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Letsoalo, Lisbeth Ledile. "The protection of children's identities in the criminal justice system: an analysis on section 154(3) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3046.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis ( LLM.) --University of Limpopo, 2019The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 provides that a child’s best interests should be of primary consideration in any matter concerning him or her. Contrary to this value, and thereby excluding protection of child victims, section 154(3) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 simply focusses on anonymity protection of child offenders and witness involved in criminal proceedings. It currently expressly prohibits the publication of the identities of child offenders and witnesses when the media makes publications on the relevant criminal proceedings. However, this protection terminates once such child offenders and witnesses attain majority, therefore arbitrarily stripping them of the identity protection. As a result, media houses are not only at liberty to publish on criminal proceedings identifying child victims, but also to expose the identities of child offenders and witnesses upon attaining majority. Such publications have proved to impede on children’s rights, as well as to contribute to the psychological challenges faced by the children whenever they are exposed to the criminal justice system. In this study the constitutional validity of section 154(3) is investigated and it is argued that it is unconstitutional in all respects. The section contradicts the specific right afforded to all children in the Bill of Rights, as well as other ancillary rights, which ought to ensure the progressive realisation of the protection afforded in terms of section 154(3). It is recommended, firstly, that section 154(3) be declared unconstitutional, and be amended to include child victims within the ambit of its protection. Secondly, the protection should extend beyond the age of 18, in respect of all children involved in criminal proceedings.
National Research Foundation
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Rembert, Kellye Shofner. "Perceptions of county extension 4-H agents/educators regarding essential elements and delivery modes of positive youth development and their collective impact on character". Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1252424631/.
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Mignard, Cédric. "Le crédit-bailleur mobilier face à la procédure collective du crédit-preneur". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL0127.
Abstract (sommario):
Le contrat de crédit-bail est une technique de financement par laquelle le crédit-bailleur acquiert la propriété d’un bien en vue de le louer au crédit-preneur qui dispose d’une option d’achat au terme de la période irrévocable de location. Dans l’hypothèse où une procédure collective est ouverte à l’encontre du crédit-preneur, le crédit-bailleur se trouve nécessairement affecté. Le droit des entreprises en difficulté offre à l’organe compétent la possibilité d’exiger la continuation du contrat de crédit-bail, sans aucune autre contrepartie que l’exécution du contrat aux conditions initiales. Il est encore possible au tribunal d’imposer au crédit-bailleur la cession de son contrat lorsqu’un plan de cession est envisagé. Le crédit-bailleur devra par ailleurs veiller à la préservation de ses intérêts en procédant, comme tout créancier à la déclaration de ses créances nées antérieurement au jugement d’ouverture, alors qu’une seconde déclaration de créances pourra être nécessaire le cas échéant, lorsque le contrat est poursuivi au-delà du jugement d'ouverture. En sa qualité de propriétaire du bien objet de la convention de crédit, le crédit-bailleur dispose néanmoins d’une véritable possibilité d’être désintéressé d’une partie de ses créances. Il convient cependant que sa qualité de propriétaire soit opposable à la procédure collective. La propriété autant que le bail se trouvent, dans ce contexte, détournés de leurs rôles naturels. La propriété du crédit-bailleur n’a d’autre fin que la garantie de l’opération, ce qui conduit à établir un parallèle avec la clause de réserve de propriété et la fiducie-sûretéA finance lease arrangement is a financing technique whereby the financial lessor acquires ownership of a property for the purpose of leasing it to the lessee who has a call option at the end of the irrevocable rental period. In the event that a collective procedure is opened against the lessee, the financial lessor is necessarily affected. The firms in financial distress rights offers the competent body the possibility of requiring the financial lease arrangement’s continuation, with no consideration other than the contract’s execution under its initial conditions. It is also possible for the court to require the financial lessor to transfer its contract when a disposal plan is considered. The financial lessor must also ensure the preservation of its interests by reporting, like any other creditor, its accounts payable arising prior to the opening judgment, while a second declaration of claims may be necessary where appropriate, when the contract is continued beyond the opening judgment. As the owner of the property, subject of the credit agreement, the financial lessor nevertheless has a real opportunity of being disinterested of part of its receivables. However, its owner status must be opposable to the insolvency proceedings. Property as well as the lease are, in this context, diverted from their natural roles. The financial lessor’s ownership is then limited to the transaction’s guarantee, which leads to establish a parallel between the title retention clause and the trust by way of security
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Fernandes, Reinaldo de Francisco. "A legitimação para as demandas coletivas no processo do trabalho: a legitimação sindical privilegiada". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-08092011-092713/.
Abstract (sommario):
O presente estudo analisa a legitimatio ad causam para as ações coletivas, em especial as que envolvem as relações de trabalho, sempre com ênfase na participação do sindicato como principal legitimado. A partir de premissas destacadas ao longo do texto, o estudo propõe uma legitimação privilegiada em favor do sindicato, permitindo a valorização da instituição, ampliando-se o conceito de democracia participativa para dentro do processo. O estudo da legitimação privilegiada foi ratificado pela análise do Direito projetado, assim como pelo sistema da class action, fonte inquestionável dos estudos sobre as demandas coletivas. Questões como o regime da coisa julgada ou o sistema de litisconsórcio nessas modalidades de ações, também fizeram parte do estudo, tendo o litisconsórcio necessário destaque especial. Desse modo, admitindo-se nas ações coletivas uma das formas mais modernas e eficazes de defesa dos interesses de massa, o estudo busca atribuir maior responsabilidade e prestigio aos sindicatos, na perspectiva de reconhecer em sua figura o representante adequado da class, contribuindo assim, com a tendência mundial de desenvolvimento sindical, lastreada na liberdade e representação abrangente.The present study analyses the legitimatio ad causam for the collective actions , specially, those involving employment relationships, always with emphasis on the participation of the unions as the main legitimated. Based on the main assumptions in the text, this study proposes a privileged legitimation in unions favor, permitting the valorization of the institution, extending the concept of participative democracy in the proceeding. The privileged legitimizations study was ratified by the analysis of the bills, as well as the class actions system, unquestionable source of the essays on collective demands. Questions as the matter adjudged or the system of the joint action in those categories of actions also were part of the study, being the joint action a necessary special outstanding. Thus, admitting the collective actions as one of the most modern and efficient way of defense of the interest of the mass, the study expects to attribute more responsibility and prestige to the unions, in the perspective of recognizing in its figure the adequate representative of the class, contributing, with the worldwide tendency of union development, propagated in the freedom and comprehensive representation.
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Pontes, Hamilton Valvo Cordeiro. "Efetividade da tutela jurisdicional coletiva sob a ótica dos direitos individuais homogêneos". Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2008. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1210.
Abstract (sommario):
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Previous issue date: 2008-03-10The defense of groups rights slowly stops to be studied only by few people to become a reality in modern world. Brazil was the pioneer on creating and applying collective procedure. However, it is important to highlight that the tools set on Brazilian laws are not enough. To develop research about collective procedures´ efectivity represents a step forward in order to turn real the Democratical State of Law. In this sense, it is important to emphasize the draft law for a Brazilian Code of Collective Procedure and the Pattern Code of Collective Procedure for Iberian America, which shall contribute to improve jurisdictional service and to provide universal access to Justice.
A defesa dos direitos coletivos lentamente deixa de ser objeto de estudo de poucos para se tornar realidade no mundo moderno. O Brasil foi pioneiro na criação e implementação dos processos coletivos. Todavia, frise-se que os instrumentos previstos na legislação pátria são insuficientes. Avanço no tocante à realização do Estado Democrático de Direito é desenvolver estudo destinado à busca da efetividade do processo coletivo, destacando-se os Anteprojetos de Código Brasileiro de Processos Coletivos e o Código Modelo de Processos Coletivos para Ibero-América, contribuindo-se, assim, para a melhoria na prestação jurisdicional e para o acesso à Justiça.
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Hudáková, Jana. "Obtíže podniku a jejich řešení (srovnání francouzské a české právní úpravy)". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-112807.
Abstract (sommario):
Difficulties of enterprises constitute negative phenomenon in society. They occur so often that both French and Czech legislator decided to regulate them by adoption of relevant legal provisions that offer particular ways of solution of debtor's bankruptcy. Bankruptcy law, term generally denoting this legal area, passed through "rich" historical development, what reflects in its legal, economic and social framework. Thesis is divided into four parts. The first one briefly defines difficulties of enterprises. The second one deals with different ways of solution of debtor's bankruptcy in French law, introduces principal changes that were made by the latest amendments from the area of bankruptcy law and by means of attached statistics illustrates number of bankruptcies and ways of their "treatment" in France. The third part deals with Czech insolvency law and underlines changes introduced by the new law of bankruptcy and ways of its solution that entirely replaced previous "law about bankruptcy and settlement". The last part summarizes findings of my thesis, proposes eventual ways of mutual inspiration derived from French or Czech bankruptcy law, deals with reflections de lege ferenda and outlines some terminological problems.
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Ripert, Jennifer. "Difficultés des entreprises et droits des salariés". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40004.
Abstract (sommario):
La confrontation des difficultés de l’entreprise aux droits des salariés conduit à s’interroger sur la coexistence et l’articulation de disciplines à vocations différentes. Face aux difficultés économiques de l’entreprise, les conflits d’intérêts peuvent atteindre leur paroxysme. Il revient alors au droit d’utiliser des critères objectifs, acceptés par l’ensemble des parties prenantes, afin de dégager des solutions permettant le maintien de l’activité et de l’emploi.L’analyse de la prise en compte des droits des salariés lorsque l’entreprise rencontre des difficultés économiques, faite sous le prisme de la stakeholder’s theory, aboutit à l’insatisfaction. Entre justice sociale et efficacité économique une recherche d’équilibre s’impose. Pourtant, aussi bien la loi que les apports jurisprudentiels n’y contribuent guère. Des pans entiers du droit du travail et du droit des entreprises en difficulté s’ignorent. L’absence de normes communes entre les matières stérilise la recherche de solutions de compromis. Par suite, aussi bien dans le cadre de la prévention des difficultés de l’entreprise, qu’au titre du traitement judiciaire de celles-ci, ou encore au niveau de la reprise de l’entreprise en difficulté, le conflit aboutit à un équilibre précaire et insatisfaisant. Les droits des salariés sont pris en compte de manière irrégulière, saccadée, et parfois, injustifiéeConfronting the difficulties of companies with the rights of workers entails discussing the co-existence and the articulation of subject areas whose purposes are different. When a firm encounters economic difficulties, conflicts of interest can become paroxystic. Thus it is the Law which will be resorted to so as to provide objective criteria acceptable by all stakeholders in order to shape solutions which will ensure the preservation of both the activity and jobs. Assessing workers’ rights at a time when a company encounters economic difficulties through the prism of the stakeholders’ theory regularly leads to dissatisfaction. It is essential to balance social justice with economic efficiency. Yet neither the law nor any contributions of the court really help to do so. Large segments of labour law and of bankruptcy law are incompatible. The lack of common standards between both subject matters makes finding compromise solutions impossible. Thus the conflict leads to a precarious and unsatisfactory equilibrium, whether it be in matters of prevention of difficulties for a firm, of their judiciary treatment or of the takeover of the company in difficulty. Workers’ rights are taken into account in a fashion which can be irregular, erratic and at times unjustified
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Engblom, Tove, e Lisa Gunnarsson. "Lovet på landet : En rättsdogmatisk studie av 9 kap. 6 § PBL". Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för Matematik, Data- och Lantmäteriteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-12804.
Abstract (sommario):
När äldre plan- och bygglagen, ÄPBL ersattes år 2011 av dagens plan- och bygglag, PBL fick paragrafen gällande bygglovsbefriade åtgärder några språkliga uppdateringar. Ändringarna var avsedda att förenkla och uppdatera tolkningen. Några ändringar i hur bygglovsbefrielsen på glesbygden ska bedömas var ej avsedda. Denna studie granskar ett flertal av Sveriges kommuners tolkning av bygglovsbefrielsen enligt 9 kap. 6 § PBL. Granskningen gjordes via en enkätundersökning, resultaten jämfördes och sammanställdes. För att kunna avgöra huruvida kommunerna gjort en korrekt bedömning har studien även gjort en grundlig juridisk granskning av lagtext och förarbeten. 9 kap. 6 § PBL är en komplicerad paragraf och kan inte tolkas utan att läsa förarbetena. Tyvärr räcker det inte med att läsa propositionerna till PBL. Även de förarbeten som finns till ÄPBL måste läsas för att förstå innebörden. Paragrafen har sedan 1987 genomgått flertalet uppdateringar, därav är informationen utspridd. Bygglovsbefrielsen i denna paragraf riktar sig till fastighetsägare till en- och tvåbostadshus på glesbygden som vill uppföra en liten tillbyggnad eller komplementbyggnad i omedelbar närhet till bostadshuset. Kravet är att det på fastigheten finns ett bostadshus och att byggnaderna ska vara ett komplement som inte dominerar över bostadshuset. Fastighetsägaren behöver inte anmäla eller rådfråga byggnadsnämnden utan ska själv kunna bedöma om reglerna går att tillämpa. Att gemene man, utan juridiska förkunskaper ska kunna tolka en komplicerad paragraf är bekymmersamt. Konsekvenserna av en felbedömning är kostsamma. Tyvärr finns inte mycket till vägledning att få av kommunerna, då resultatet av enkätundersökningen visat att nästan alla byggnadsnämnder gör en felaktig bedömning av paragrafen. Studien belyser problematiken med att överlåta tolkningen av en komplicerad paragraf till fastighetsägarna. Att kommunerna sätter egna bestämmelser kring tolkningen av paragrafen utan uppsikt från överordnad myndighet gör inte problemen färre. Slutsatsen för denna studie resulterar i att bättre vägledning och hårdare krav på kommunerna måste införas för att inte lägga över för stort ansvar på de enskilda.When the older planning and building act was replaced in 2011 by todays planning and building act, the paragraph regulating permits exempt buildings actions received some linguistic updates. The updates where intended to simplify and update the interpretation. Any changes in the countryside in how this was supposed to be interpreted was not intended. This thesis examines how multiple Swedish municipalities interpret the permits exempt buildings according to 9 chap. 6 § planning and building act. The examination was done with a survey sent to all Swedish municipalities, which was then put together and the results where compared. To be able to decide if the municipalities have been making correct interpretations this thesis have also made a thorough legal examination of the law and preliminary work. 9 chap. 6 § planning and building act is a complicated paragraph and cannot be interpreted without reading the preparatory work. Unfortunately, just reading the propositions to the planning and building act is not enough. The preparatory work for older planning and building act must also be read to fully grasp the meaning of the law. The paragraph has gone through multiple updates since 1987, therefor the information has been spread out. The permits exempt buildings in this paragraph is aimed at property owners owning houses with one or two families in the countryside that want to erect a small extension for the house or a complimentary building adjacent to the main building. The condition is that there is a house on the property and that the building is of a complementary nature to not dominate over the actual main house. The property owner does not need to report to or consult with the municipality but is rather supposed to judge if the rules are applicable for them self.T hat the average citizen, without basic legal education, is supposed to be able to interpret a complicated paragraph like this is troublesome. The consequence of a misjudgement is expensive. Unfortunately, there is not a lot of guidance to be had from the municipalities since our survey shows that almost all Building Department are making incorrect decisions based on interpreting the paragraph incorrectly. This thesis shines a light on the problem with assigning a complicated paragraph to be interpreted by the property owners. Furthermore, allowing the municipalities to make their own regulations regarding the interpretation of the law, without accountability to superior government agencies does not make the problems fewer. Our conclusion with this thesis results in that better guidance and stricter demands on the municipalities must be enacted to not place too big of a responsibility on the individual citizen.
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Zhou, Yuanzhi. "L'harmonisation des législations de l'insolvabilité bancaire : utopie ou nécessité ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D010/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Les risques systémiques des défaillances financières des établissements bancaires bouleversent les limites de compétence des législations nationales. De très grandes disparités entre les systèmes sont de nature à perturber les marchés, nationaux et internationaux, en raison de la spécificité de l’activité bancaire qui est de servir l’intérêt général. Toutefois, les grands systèmes normatifs qu’ils soient chinois, européens ou des Etats-Unis, révèlent des convergences d’ensemble pour prévenir ou résoudre les risques de défaillance des établissements bancaires, au sein d’une « lex argentariae » d’un milieu professionnel homogène. Une analyse comparée de ces législations qui privilégient l’intervention d’autorités administratives montre clairement la prise en considération des nécessités économiques et financières, alors que le juge judiciaire même subsidiairement imposera des solutions ayant autorité erga omnes et conservera ses missions essentielles notamment de protection des droits et des libertés individuels. L’analogie des solutions pose alors une question essentielle, celle de la coordination internationale des interventions administratives et judiciaires, afin de surmonter l’utopie d’une législation mondiale unifiée. Ces réflexions sont confirmées par l'évolution de l'Union bancaire européenne et de l'activité des banques chinoises à l'internationalThe systemic risk of the financial failure of the banking institutions has overturned profoundly the limits of the competence of the national legislations. Though the banking activities have the characteristics that serve the general interest, the great disparity between those jurisdictions creates the instability of the national and international markets. However, the major jurisdictions whichever the Europe, the UnitedStates or the China, have revealed overall convergence in preventing or resolving the risk of the bank failure, in a “lex argentariae” of a group of professionals that are homogeneous. The comparative analysis of those legislations that prevails the intervention of the administrative authority has clearly indicated the economic and financial needs, while the judges on bench, though of being subsidiary, continue to impose the solutions that has the authority erga omnes, and maintain their core functions, particularly the protection of the individual rights and freedoms. In order to surmount the utopia of a unified international legislation, the analogy of the solution has raised another important question, which is, the global coordination of the administrative and judicial intervention. These thoughts are confirmed by the evolution of the European Banking Union and of the activities of Chinese banks abroad
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Manna, Roberta Elias. "O imaginário coletivo de cuidadores de idosos na saúde pública: um estudo psicanalítico". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47133/tde-15082013-103617/.
Abstract (sommario):
A formação de cuidadores de idosos da saúde pública deve ser considerada, atualmente, questão de grande relevância, num pais em que expressiva parcela da população não conta com recursos para enfrentar despesas que surgem a partir do envelhecimento. Esta capacitação deve incluir não apenas conhecimentos específicos em relação a cuidados corporais, mas também preparo de caráter psicológico, que permita a instauração de vinculação suficientemente saudável entre cuidador e idoso. Neste contexto, a presente investigação visa estudar empiricamente o imaginário coletivo de cuidadores de idosos profissionais da saúde pública a respeito da pessoa idosa. Concebida e realizada a partir do uso do método psicanalítico, em todas as suas etapas, esta pesquisa articulou-se ao redor de uma entrevista com cuidadores, durante a qual o Procedimento de Desenhos-Estórias com Tema foi usado como recurso facilitador da comunicação emocional, bem como da consideração de experiências vivenciadas, no cotidiano institucional, em situações formais e informais, junto a idosos, cuidadores e da equipe, constituída por profissionais de várias formações. O conjunto do material emergente permitiu a elaboração de duas narrativas transferenciais, a partir das quais seis campos de sentido afetivo-emocional, ou inconscientes relativos, puderam ser criados/encontrados: cuidar enobrece a alma, cuidado com esse velho!, mas eu sou de confiança!, perdendo a autonomia, empobrecendo a convivência e vontade de viver(?). A condição de idoso frágil gera impactos emocionais e os cuidadores são sensíveis aos delicados aspectos que ligam a dimensão relacional inerente ao cuidado do idoso. Os seis campos criados/ encontrados indicam, de modo suficientemente preciso, quais são as principais questões psicológicas em processos de capacitação de cuidadores de idosos: apresentar-lhes a dramática de vida do idoso frágil e prepará-los para lidar com as delicadas interações que este tipo singular de intimidade certamente vai gerarThe training of caretakers for the elderly in public health must be considered, nowadays, a matter of great importance, in a country in which a considerable part of the population does not have the means to handle expenses that come with aging. This training must include not only specific knowledge on physical care, but also psychological preparation which allows for the creating of a bond strong and healthy enough between caretaker and elderly citizen. In such context, this investigation aims to study empirically the collective imaginary of professional public health caretakers of the elderly regarding older citizens. Conceived and executed using the psychoanalytic method, in all its steps, this research was organized based on an interview with the caretakers, during which the Drawing-Stories with Theme Procedure was used a facilitating resource for emotional communication, in discussing experiences lived, in the institutional daily happenings, in formal and informal situations, together with the elderly, caretakers and the staff, which is constituted by professionals from several backgrounds. The resulting material allowed for the creation of two transferential narratives, from which six affective-emotional or relative unconscious, fields could be created/derived: care-taking ennobles the soul, take care around that old man/woman!, but I\'m trustworthy!, losing autonomy, crippling relationships and will to live(?). The condition of frail elderly citizen impacts emotionally and caretakers are sensitive to the delicate aspects that connect the relationship dimension inherent to taking care of an older person. The six fields created/found indicate, in a sufficiently precise manner, which are the main psychological issues in the training process of caretakers for the elderly: presenting them the dramatic life of a frail elderly citizen and preparing them to deal with the delicate interactions this singular kind of intimacy will certainly bring
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Silva, Orlando Sampaio de Almeida Monteiro da. "A legitimidade da defensoria pública para promover a tutela coletiva da moralidade administrativa". Pós-Graduação em Direito, 2018. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/8358.
Abstract (sommario):
The creates mechanisms to collective tuttelage of diffuse rights represented the overcoming of the individual paradigm wich was the base of the access to the justice. This is a conceptual enlargement that is based on the social discursive participation at the Decision-making political body. Working on the basis that the access to justice aims to protect the fundamental rights, your exercise must be enable towards all the three branches. At this point, the Public Defender institution represents a organism that can provides this type of access to justice. After a long discussion about the existence of the coletive legitimation of the Public Defense to use the class actions despite of the normative statement at the Law 7.347/85, the Constitutional Amendment 80/2014 and the judgment of the ADIn 3943/DF by the Supreme Court that certified your existence. In other way, theese normative innovations and the alluded judgment just partially made obsolete the discussion, cause some subject still remains, specially about the legitimation to intent civil action whose object relates to administrative impropriety. At this context, should be investigated the Public Defender legitimation, to provides the collective protection of the administrative morality. The study used the premisse that the administrative morality is a diffused right, which is judicialized by a colletive action, what brings the question about the defensorial legitimation to use it though non-existence express legal base at the Law 8.429/92.A criação de mecanismos específicos que possibilitem a tutela coletiva de direitos metaindividuais representou a necessária superação do paradigma individualista de processo civil e de acesso à justiça. De outro lado, a previsão legal de órgãos legitimados ao ajuizamento de ações coletivas se insere no transcurso de democratização do acesso à justiça, fenômeno este que os professores Mauro Cappelletti e Bryant Garth denominaram de segunda e terceira ondas renovatórias do acesso à justiça. Nesse contexto, a Defensoria Pública, no exercício de sua vocação constitucional, se encontra em constante contato com grupos sociais vulneráveis, cujo estado de necessidade transcende a seara econômica. Outossim, o Supremo Tribunal Federal, no julgamento da ADIn nº 3943/DF, consolidou o entendimento de que a Defensoria Pública tem legitimidade coletiva para fins de tutela coletiva de todas as espécies de direitos metaindividuais, desde que em situações que se harmonizem com o respectivo regime jurídico-constitucional. Conquanto a legitimidade defensorial tenha sido positivada na Lei nº 7.347/85, assim como reputada constitucional pelo STF, persiste discussão no que toca à extensão dessa legitimidade e, igualmente, à sua compatibilização com o critério de vulnerabilidade econômica, em especial no âmbito dos direitos difusos. Assim, o presente trabalho busca examinar essas indagações no que concerne, especificamente, à tutela da moralidade administrativa e o respectivo dever de probidade, mediante o ajuizamento de ação civil pública correlata. A discussão parte da premissa de que o direito à moralidade administrativa é difuso e de que o processamento de atos de improbidade tem lugar por meio de ação civil pública, de modo que se questiona se a legitimidade coletiva defensorial se estenderia a esta, embora a Lei nº 8.429/92 não a insira no elenco de legitimados.
São Cristóvão, SE
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Barreto, Maria Auxiliadora Motta. "Do v?o preciso: considerando o imagin?rio coletivo de adolescentes". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2006. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/374.
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Previous issue date: 2006-12-06The present work, which has as its main purpose the investigation of the collective imaginary of adolescents concerning the fase of life they are in and their leaving of their parents houses, is organized in the shape of a narrative about a clinical event, from which a theoretical-practical, psychoanalytical-based reflection has been elaborated. It focuses, as a clinical event, on a group therapeutic consultation carried out with six youngsters, with ages ranging from fifteen to twenty-one, in which the thematic storydrawing procedure was used. The therapeutic session and story-drawing approach, produced through the psychoanalytical method, allowed for the apprehension of the following unconscious psychological-experiential fields, from which the subjective productions of meaning organize themselves: fusions and confusions , a parallel world , a negative view of the future and the choices . Overall, these fields indicate the presence of a current suffering, specific of adolescence in our environment, which indicates the necessity of psychoprophylactic and intervening measures which could contribute to help the youngsters enter a process of retaking their own destiny and conquering autonomy. From this perspective, one can assert that adolescents will be healthier the more they feel alive, real and capable of making choices for their own paths, portrayed by the spontaneous and transforming gestuality of the world.
O presente trabalho, que teve como objetivo a investiga??o do imagin?rio coletivo de jovens interioranos acerca da fase de vida em que se encontram e da sa?da da casa paterna, organiza-se sob a forma de apresenta??o de uma narrativa sobre um acontecer cl?nico, a partir do qual foi elaborada reflex?o te?rico-cl?nica de base psicanal?tica. Focaliza, como acontecer cl?nico, uma consulta terap?utica coletiva, realizada com seis jovens, com idade variando entre quinze e vinte e um anos, durante a qual foi usado o Procedimento de Desenhos-Est?rias com Tema. A abordagem da narrativa, produzida a partir do m?todo psicanal?tico, permitiu a capta??o dos seguintes campos psicol?gico-vivenciais inconscientes, a partir dos quais se organizam as produ??es subjetivas de sentido: fus?es e confus?es , um mundo paralelo , vis?o negativa do futuro e as escolhas . Em seu conjunto, tais campos apontam para a presen?a de um sofrimento atual, espec?fico da adolesc?ncia, em nosso meio, o que indica a necessidade de medidas psicoprofil?ticas e interventivas que possam contribuir para a entrada do jovem em um processo de reapropria??o de seu destino e conquista de autonomia. Desde a perspectiva aqui adotada, pode-se afirmar que o adolescente estar? tanto mais saud?vel quanto mais se sentir vivo, real e capaz de uma escolha do pr?prio caminho, configurada pela gestualidade espont?nea e transformadora do pr?prio mundo.
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Ponce, Larissa Garcia. "Um olhar winnicottiano sobre o imaginário coletivo das mães sociais acerca do cuidado infantil na situação de abrigamento". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/15322.
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Previous issue date: 2013-11-22Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
In Brazil, the protection of children and adolescents was confirmed with the promulgation of a Children and Adolescents Statute , in 1990. Established by the Law number 8.069, this statute provides absolute priority in fulfilling the rights of children and adolescents as Brazilian citizens. When the family bonds, for issues of violence and other rights violations, break or find itself weakened, exposing the child or adolescent to risks or death threat, the subject of vulnerability must be submitted to a host institution. To shelter these individuals, the Social Mother figure was instituted in Brazil by the Law number 7.644, from December 18th, 1987, with the purpose to devote themselves on assisting the homeless children, exercising the role in a social level, within the system of Casa-Lares (House-Home). This study proposal was to capture the collective imaginary of Social Mothers, from a House-Home in the west part of São Paulo state, named W, in order to understand how to think and communicate the experience of motherhood offered to the sheltered. The study sought to conduct a psychoanalytic investigation, using a Drawing Procedure - Story with Theme , played individually, and a Group Therapeutic Interview to the Approach of Collective Personhood , accomplished together. Through the numerous associations found in these drawing-stories , interactive narratives were developed, guided by the assumptions of psychoanalysis, emphasizing Winnicott‟s contributions. It was intended to seize the unconscious psychological fields presented in these graphic and written speeches on the themes "children raised by parents" and "children raised by a Social Mother ", and then observe and discuss the possible reflections on conceptions and beliefs addressed in discourses and practices of these caregivers in their daily work. The interview, conducted right after, constituted as a communication period between researcher-researched, that allowed participants to get in touch with individual matters, raised by the use of PDE-T, with the due care and psychological support to develop these contents. From the interpretation of the material emerged the imaginary fields that address the following subjects: the configuration and operation of the traditional family and the traditional contemporary family; the description of the assumptions of good enough care and the features considered essential for the good enough Social Mother; the need to play the role of an adoptive mother; the beliefs that the institutionalized child and her biological family are problematic and inadequate, against natural and/or biological families, that are synonymous with happy families; idealizations: of the functions and feelings that a Social Mother shall submit, of the lack of negative professional aspects, of the work as a social mother not being a mere job but a mission, and finally, of the clues that reveal the ambivalence of the woman-mother for having to work and leave their own children. In the end, highlighted the importance of the selection, preparation and careful training of caregivers, so that they can understand the psychodynamics, needs and peculiarities of each individual sheltered. It also pointed out the importance of promoting a place of welcome, listening and psychological support to the care professionals in order to provide conditions for dealing with any eventual feelings and problematic aspects related to this function
No Brasil, a proteção a crianças e adolescentes se confirmou com a promulgação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, em 1990. Instituído pela Lei nº 8.069 o Estatuto prevê prioridade absoluta no atendimento dos direitos de crianças e adolescentes como cidadãos brasileiros. Quando os vínculos familiares, por questões de violência e outras violações de direitos, se rompem ou se encontram fragilizados de forma a expor a criança ou adolescente a risco ou ameaça de morte, deve-se encaminhar o sujeito de vulnerabilidade a uma instituição de acolhimento. Para acolher esses indivíduos, a figura da Mãe Social foi instituída no Brasil pela Lei nº 7.644, de 18 de dezembro de 1987, para dedicar-se à assistência ao menor abandonado exercendo o encargo em nível social, dentro do sistema de Casas-Lares. A finalidade deste estudo foi captar o imaginário coletivo das mães sociais, de uma Casa-Lar do interior do Oeste Paulista nomeada W, no intuito de compreender como imaginam e comunicam a experiência de maternagem que oferecem aos abrigados. Buscou-se realizar uma investigação psicanalítica, utilizando o Procedimento de Desenho-Estória com Tema, desempenhado individualmente e a Entrevista Terapêutica Grupal para a Abordagem da Pessoalidade Coletiva, realizados em conjunto. Por meio das inúmeras associações encontradas nos desenhos-estórias, foram elaboradas narrativas interativas pautadas nos pressupostos da psicanálise, com ênfase nas contribuições winnicottianas. Pretendeu-se apreender os campos psicológicos não conscientes presentes nos discursos gráficos e escritos sobre as temáticas criança cuidada pelos pais e criança cuidada pela mãe social , para então, observar e discutir os possíveis reflexos das concepções e crenças abordadas, nos discursos e práticas destas cuidadoras em seu cotidiano profissional. A entrevista, realizada logo em seguida, se constituiu como um momento de comunicação entre pesquisadora-pesquisado que permitiu aos participantes entrarem em contato com questões individuais evocadas pelo uso do PDE-T, com o devido acolhimento e suporte psicológico para elaborar estes conteúdos. Da interpretação do material surgiram os campos do imaginário que abordam os seguintes assuntos: a configuração e funcionamento da família tradicional e da família tradicional contemporânea; a descrição dos pressupostos de cuidado suficientemente bons e as características consideradas indispensáveis para a mãe social suficientemente boa; a necessidade de desempenhar o papel de mãe adotiva; as crenças de que a criança institucionalizada e sua família natural são problemáticas e inadequadas em contraponto com as famílias naturais e/ou biológicas que são sinônimos de famílias felizes; idealizações: das funções e sentimentos que uma mãe social deve apresentar, da inexistência de aspectos profissionais negativos, do trabalho como mãe social não ser mero emprego e sim missão; e por fim indícios que revelam a ambivalência da mulher-mãe por ter que trabalhar e deixar seus próprios filhos. Destacou-se por fim, a importância da seleção, preparação e formação criteriosa de cuidadores, para que possam compreender as psicodinâmicas, necessidades e peculiaridades de cada indivíduo abrigado. Apontou-se também a relevância de se promover um espaço de acolhida, escuta e sustentação psicológica aos profissionais do cuidado de modo a oferecer-lhes condições para que lidem com eventuais sentimentos e aspectos problemáticos referentes à função
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Tachibana, Miriam. "Fim do mundo: o imagin?rio coletivo da equipe de enfermagem sobre a gesta??o interrompida". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2011. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/436.
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-23Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas
The occurrence of a pregnancy s interruption requires not only medical and hospital care, but also emotional support, aiming at the patient s welfare and her ability to welcome other babies that she may have in the future. During hospitalization, the patient is under the care of an obstetrical nursing staff and therefore her experiences are affected by the attitudes and behaviors of these professionals. Thus, our project has the objective of investigating the collective imaginary of the obstetrical nursing staff towards the patient who has miscarried. We conducted individual interviews with sixteen professionals from an obstetrics clinic of a university hospital, using the Procedure Drawings-Story with Theme as dialogue mediator. After each interview, psychoanalytic narratives were written and were considered psychoanalytically together with the drawings-stories of the participants, aiming to capture interpretive fields of affective-emotional sense. We captured patterns denominated "End of the World", "Eternal emptiness" and "Monstrosity", which allows the perception that, in the collective imaginary, the interrupted pregnancy is perceived as a phenomenon humanly unacceptable, that would present apocalyptic traits associated with the evil and harmful motivations towards the pregnant patient. The overall picture shows that the nursing staff, as a human collective, might face difficulties in adopting and sustaining supportive behavior to this type of patient. This situation may be overcome only if the instruction and enlightenment of these professionals is supplemented with clinic psychological care that will allow them to perform their tasks more calmly and maturely
A ocorr?ncia de interrup??o da gesta??o demanda n?o apenas atendimento m?dico - hospitalar, mas tamb?m sustenta??o emocional, tendo em vista tanto o bem estar imediato da mulher, como a possibilidade de acolhimento a outros beb?s que possa ter futuramente. Durante a interna??o, a mulher permanecer? sob cuidados da equipe de enfermagem obst?trica, de modo que suas viv?ncias ser?o, em certa medida, afetadas pelas atitudes e condutas destes profissionais. Assim, justifica-se a proposta de investigar o imagin?rio coletivo da equipe de enfermagem obst?trica sobre a mulher que sofreu interrup??o da gesta??o. Realizamos entrevistas individuais com dezesseis profissionais de um servi?o de Obstetr?cia de um hospital universit?rio, fazendo uso do Procedimento de Desenhos-Est?rias com Tema como recurso mediador-dial?gico. Ap?s cada entrevista, foram redigidas narrativas psicanal?ticas que, juntamente com os desenhos-est?rias das participantes, foram considerados psicanaliticamente, visando a capta??o interpretativa de campos de sentido afetivo-emocional. Foram captados campos denominados Fim do mundo , Vazio eterno e Monstruosidade , que permitem a percep??o da vig?ncia de um imagin?rio coletivo no qual a gravidez interrompida ? concebida como um fen?meno humanamente inaceit?vel, que apresentaria contornos apocal?pticos, associados ? atribui??o de motiva??es maldosas e nefastas ? pr?pria gestante. O quadro geral evidencia que a equipe de enfermagem, como coletivo humano, provavelmente enfrentar? dificuldades na ado??o de condutas solid?rias e sustentadoras diante deste tipo de paciente. Esta situa??o poder? ser superada apenas se a instru??o e o esclarecimento das profissionais puderem ser complementados com aten??o psicol?gica cl?nica, que lhes permita exercer suas tarefas de modo mais tranq?ilo e amadurecido.
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Gouveia, Bruno Paiva. "Tutela coletiva, mecanismos de julgamento de demandas repetitivas e o Novo Código de Processo Civil". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19608.
Abstract (sommario):
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An evolution of procedural law was necessary to adapt to the new needs of the contemporary world in order to ensure the effective protection of interests that go beyond the limits of interindividual relations. In the Brazilian scenario, showing concern about the increasing mass conflicts, the importance of collective tutelage was verified and a collective process microsystem was created, contributing in a significant way to the consecration of Brazilian collective procedural law. There are three essential characteristics of collective actions: the defense of collective rights (lato sensu); A system of differentiated legitimacy; And a special scheme of res judicata. The New Code of Civil Procedure (NCPC) has chosen to increase the techniques of multi-individual tutelage over collective guardianship. The legislator's option was to develop techniques for collective resolution of repetitive demands, through judgments made in the so-called sample judgments, perfecting the discipline of the already existing special and extraordinary repetitive resources and creating the incident of resolution of repetitive demands. These mechanisms for judging repetitive demands are criticized for showing greater concern about reducing the number of cases, regardless of the quality of judicial decisions and ensuring access to justice, which can pose serious risks to the civil procedural system Brazilian
Foi necessária uma evolução do direito processual para adaptar-se às novas necessidades do mundo contemporâneo, a fim de assegurar a tutela efetiva de interesses que extrapolam os limites das relações interindividuais. No cenário brasileiro, demonstrando preocupação com os crescentes conflitos de massa, verificou-se a importância da tutela coletiva e criou-se um microssistema processual coletivo, contribuindo de forma significativa para a consagração do direito processual coletivo brasileiro. São três as características essências das ações coletivas: a defesa de direito coletivo (lato sensu); um sistema de legitimidade diferenciado; e um regime especial da coisa julgada. O Novo Código de Processo Civil (NCPC) optou pelo incremento das técnicas de tutela pluri-individual em detrimento das de tutela coletiva. A opção do legislador foi de desenvolver técnicas de resolução coletiva de demandas repetitivas, por meio de decisões proferidas nos denominados julgamentos por amostragem, aperfeiçoando a disciplina dos já existentes recursos especial e extraordinário repetitivos e criando o incidente de resolução de demandas repetitivas. Esses mecanismos de julgamento de demandas repetitivas, são alvo de críticas por demonstrarem maior preocupação com a redução do número de processos, independentemente da qualidade das decisões judiciais e da efetivação da garantia de acesso à justiça, o que pode trazer graves riscos ao sistema processual civil brasileiro
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Alias, Aymeric. "La société plaideur : plaidoyer pour la reconnaissance d'un droit commun du contentieux sociétaire". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1026.
Abstract (sommario):
L'accès d'une société à un prétoire est source de nombreuses problématiques procédurales. Cela étant, ces dernières n'étant pas suffisamment considérées par le législateur ou idéalement compilées au sein d'une codification spécifique, elles demeurent la cause de légitimes tourments pratiques. Les interrogations sont alors nombreuses : elles portent sur les droits susceptibles d’être invoqués devant le juge, par ou contre la société, sa capacité à jouir de l'action en justice, le pouvoir ou la qualité de ceux qui prétendent être à même de l’incarner à la barre ; la juridiction compétente pour connaître du litige qui l'intéresse ; la gestion du temps procédural en adéquation avec le rythme de la vie sociale ; l’élaboration et la communication des actes de procédure établis en son nom ou à son intention ; la garantie d'exécution des décisions rendues en sa présence. Le risque appréhendé est l’échec procédural. À l’origine de la difficulté : toute l'ambiguïté existentielle et fonctionnelle de ce justiciable atypique qu'est la société. L’on aurait pu a priori douter que le droit procédural parvienne à s’adapter aux singularités du justiciable sociétaire. Il suffisait, pour laisser place à quelques humbles mais utiles certitudes en la matière, de procéder à un rassemblement cohérent de tout ce qui constitue la substance du droit procédural sociétaire, suivant un axe de lecture le rendant compréhensible. Et c'est ce que s'efforce de réaliser la présente thèse, au gré des difficultés pratiques qu'elle traite et auxquelles elle suggère les solutions susceptibles de convenirGoing to court for a company involves many procedural issues. Since those issues are not sufficiently taken into account by legislators or ideally part of a compilation within a specific form of codification, they may be held responsible for inevitable practical difficulties. Many questions arise : concerning rights likely to be brought up before a judge by a company or against a company ; its ability to benefit from an action ; the power or quality of those who claim to represent the company before a judge, the competence of a court to hear the case at hand ; managing procedural time in line with the pace of corporate life ; drafting and communicating the procedural acts issued in the company’s name or for the company ; ensuring the court rulings taken in the company’s presence be enforced. The obvious risk is procedural failure. The difficulty stems from the existential and functional ambiguities of this a-typical company. At first sight, procedural does not seem to be able to adapt to the nature of the claimant company. In order to leave room for some humble but useful certainties in this area, one must coherently gather all that constitutes the substance of companies’ procedural law, based on an interpretation that will make it understandable. That is the aim of the present dissertation while dealing with practical difficulties and suggesting suitable solutions. “The Claimant Company” is a plea for the recognition of the governing law in disputes between companies, which deserves to be part and parcel of the many implications of jurisprudence
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Gon?alves, Mar?lia. "Imagin?rio coletivo de professores de Ioga brasileiros: um estudo sobre campos psicol?gicos". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2008. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/403.
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Previous issue date: 2008-02-13The present study aimed at carrying out a psychoanalytical investigation of the collective imaginary of yoga teachers by identifying their imaginative conceptions of psychological equilibrium and by capturing the non-conscious psychological fields from which they emerge. This research study took place through a differentiated psychoanalytical framework called individualizad meetings to approach the social personation and was consolidated with the help of the following dialog mediators: accounts of life stories and the thematicstory-drawing procedure. The clinical material produced during these meetings was later analyzed psychoanalytically through the light of the field theory, which led to the identification of imaginative conceptions which articulate in the following nonconscious fields: the field of a happy childhood, the field of fruition, the field of asceticism, and the field of devotion, indicating the particular manners in which the people whom we talked with, forge their conceptions of psychological equilibrium during their training as yoga teachers in the light of their own personal needs and the Eastern doctrines to which they had access.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar psicanaliticamente o imagin?rio coletivo de professores de Ioga, por meio da identifica??o de concep??es imaginativas sobre equil?brio psicol?gico e da capta??o dos campos psicol?gicos n?o conscientes, a partir dos quais emergem. O material cl?nico foi produzido no contexto de entrevista individual para a abordagem da pessoalidade coletiva, consolidando-se por meio do uso de dois procedimentos dial?gicos: a Narrativa da Hist?ria de Vida e o Procedimento de Desenhos-Est?rias com Tema. Foram criados/encontrados os seguintes campos: frui??o, devo??o, ascese e inf?ncia feliz. O quadro geral permite concluir que os modos particulares pelos quais s?o forjadas as concep??es imaginativas, articulam tentativas de atendimento a necessidades emocionais pessoais, conhecimento das doutrinas orientais e apropria??o de id?ias psicanal?ticas socialmente circulantes.
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Russo, Renata Costa de Toledo. "O imagin?rio coletivo de estudantes de educa??o f?sica sobre pessoas com defici?ncia". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2008. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/tede/handle/tede/399.
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Previous issue date: 2008-02-20The present work investigates the collective imaginary of Physical Education students about disabled people. It articulates methodologically on the use of the Thematic Drawing-and Story Telling Procedure to a collective approach of a class of thirty students. The obtained material was analyzed from a psychoanalytical perspective in light of the Theory of Fields. We verified that the conceptions of the students about disabilities arise from two non-conscious psychological fields: disability as human suffering and disability as a technical problem . In our view, the first field relates to the possibility of assuming sensitive and caring approaches when facing the disability issue, while the latter expresses the action of defensive strategies to deny the importance of the affective-emotional dimensions related to the suffering, turning the disabled person into an object of essentially technical actions. This picture lead us to conclude that the process of formation of professionals ethically capable of respecting and valuing human diversity requires, besides specific knowledge, diferentiate attention, focusing on the affective-emotional resonances that the contact with the issue of disability and with disabled people appears to provoke.
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo do imagin?rio coletivo de estudantes de Educa??o F?sica sobre pessoas com defici?ncias. Articula-se, metodologicamente, ao redor do uso do Procedimento de Desenhos-Est?rias com Tema na abordagem coletiva de uma classe composta de trinta alunos. O material obtido foi psicanaliticamente analisado ? luz da Teoria dos Campos. Constatamos que as concep??es dos alunos sobre defici?ncias emergem a partir de dois campos psicol?gicos n?o conscientes: defici?ncia como sofrimento humano e defici?ncia como problema t?cnico . A nosso ver, o primeiro campo corresponde ? possibilidade de assumir posturas sens?veis e cuidadosas diante da quest?o da defici?ncia, enquanto o segundo expressa a a??o de estrat?gias defensivas que visam negar a import?ncia de dimens?es afetivo-emocionais ligadas ao sofrimento, tornando a pessoa com defici?ncia objeto de a??es essencialmente t?cnicas. Este quadro nos permite concluir que o processo de forma??o de profissionais eticamente capazes de respeitar e valorizar a diversidade humana requer, al?m da transmiss?o de conhecimentos espec?ficos, uma aten??o especializada, voltada para as resson?ncias afetivo-emocionais que o contato com a quest?o da defici?ncia e com pessoas deficientes parece provocar.
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Menezes, João Armando Costa. "O alcance do "compromisso de ajustamento de conduta", em sede de ação pública". Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2009. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=361.
Abstract (sommario):
The focus of this work is the Conduct Settlement Commitment, an instrument which wards off or brings a Public Civil Action to an end, aiming its complete scope, more precisely, as regards its substantial contents delimitation and the validity control that should be carries on such contents, starting from the bear out that, as regards the judicial complexion, this Commitment is not an agreement (accordance), but, in fact, having the public-social and judicial concerns as its scope, its a question of juridical action in the strict sense, related to the political-governmental action, contemplating the objective (utterly judicial) invigorated by the unavailability, from that cause, besides the formal limits imposed by laws regency, the contents (substantial composition) should fulfill the limits of its own objectives and the legally planed objectives
In tune with the aims, it is visualized (imposed) the lawfulness control of the Conduct Settlement Commitment, the formal elements control as well as the substantial diction (object, reason and predetermined end) of this judicial action which directly affects the general concerns of social State bodyO presente trabalho focaliza o Compromisso de Ajustamento de Conduta, instrumento que previne ou extingue a Ação Civil Pública, divisando seu exato alcance, precisamente quanto à delimitação de seu conteúdo material e o controle de validade que sobre tal conteúdo se há de exercer, partindo-se da constatação de que, quanto à natureza jurídica, tal Compromisso não se trata de transação (negócio), mas, na verdade, tendo por escopo a tutela de interesses jurídicos de dimensão público-social, trata-se de ato jurídico em sentido estrito, com substância de ato político-governamental, contemplando objeto (bem jurídico) tonificado de indisponibilidade, daí por que, além do traçado formal que a lei de regência lhe impõe, o próprio conteúdo (composição material) haverá de cumprir a delimitação de motivos e finalidades legalmente projetada. Nesse diapasão, visualiza-se (e impõe-se) o controle de validade do Compromisso de Ajustamento de Conduta, controle que se exerce tanto sobre os elementos formais como sobre a própria dicção material (objeto, motivo e finalidade) de tal ato jurídico afeto ao interesse geral do corpo social do Estado
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Silveira, Marcelo Coutinho da. "O incidente de resolução de demandas repetitivas no CPC/2015: acesso à justiça, influências e perspectivas". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6886.
Abstract (sommario):
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Previous issue date: 2015-09-24The present dissertation intends to study the repetitive demands resolution incident released by the 2015 brazilian Civil Procedure Code, from an analysis that puts it in perspective with the constitutionalism phenomenon and its developments in what concerns the positive law and the procedure law. Along the way, the access to justice and society transformations will be highlighted, for the fact that they made it necessary to develop techniques to collectively solve judicial conflicts, in order to face the procedural slowness and the excessive demands proliferation, not only in Brazil but in the rest of the world as well. Thus, observing the brazilian law peculiarities and the ways used abroad to boost the issue, the repetitive demands resolution incident will be analyzed, pointed out its favorable and unfavorable sides
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo estudar o incidente de resolução de demandas repetitivas inaugurado pelo Código de Processo Civil de 2015, a partir de uma análise que o coloque em perspectiva diante do fenômeno do constitucionalismo e de seus desenvolvimentos no âmbito do direito positivo e do direito processual. No percurso, dá-se destaque ao acesso à justiça e às modificações ocorridas na sociedade, que tornaram necessário o desenvolvimento de técnicas para a resolução coletiva de conflitos, no intuito de enfrentar a morosidade processual e a excessiva proliferação de demandas, vistas tanto no Brasil quanto no resto do mundo. Assim, observando as peculiaridades do direito pátrio em confronto com as formas de dinamizar a questão no exterior, analisa-se o incidente de resolução de demandas repetitivas, apontando-se seus pontos favoráveis e desfavoráveis
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Стрибко, Тетяна Іванівна. "Нормативно-правовий договір та договірний процес у суверенній Україні". Thesis, Одеса, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11300/4994.
Abstract (sommario):
Стрибко Т.І. Нормативно-правовий договір та договірний процес у суверенній Україні : дис. ... канд. юрид. наук : 121.00.01 / Стрибко Тетяна Іванівна. - Одеса, 2016. - 255 с.Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата юридичних наук за спеціальністю 12.00.01 – теорія та історія держави і права, історія політичних і правових учень. – Національний університет «Одеська юридична академія», Одеса, 2016. Дисертацію присвячено розкриттю сутності нормативно-правового договору та договірного процесу у суверенній Україні. Проаналізовано історіографію становлення та розвитку договору як правового інституту, а також стан наукових досліджень нормативно-правового договору, юридичного процесу та договірного процесу. Визначено поняття, ознаки та види правових актів та місце нормативно-правового договору в системі правових актів. Розкрито сутність, ознаки, функції та класифікацію нормативно-правового договору. Досліджено договірний процес нормативно-правового договору, розкрито його поняття та стадії. Охарактеризовано сутність, правове регулювання міжнародного, конституційного, адміністративного, колективного нормативно-правових договорів України та їх договірні процеси, визначено особливості договірного процесу цих договорів. Проаналізовано значення нормативно-правового договору та договірного процесу, перспективи та умови їх розвитку. Визначено та досліджено недоліки нормативно-правового договору та його договірного процесу, запропоновано шляхи їх вирішення. Обґрунтовано необхідність розробки та прийняття Закону України «Про нормативно-правові договори», а також закріплення в законодавстві порядку реєстрації, строки опублікування, порядку вступу в силу нормативно-правового договору. Запропоновано зміни та доповнення до Кодексу України про адміністративні правопорушення, Кримінального кодексу України, Указу Президента України «Про державну реєстрацію нормативно-правових актів міністерств та інших органів виконавчої влади» та Постанови Кабінету Міністрів України «Положення про державну реєстрацію нормативно-правових актів міністерств та інших органів виконавчої влади».
Диссертация на соискание научной степени кандидата юридических наук по специальности 12.00.01 – теория и история государства и права, история политических и правовых учений. – Национальный университет «Одесская юридическая академия», Одесса, 2016. Диссертация посвящена раскрытию сущности нормативно-правового договора и договорного процесса в суверенной Украине. Проанализирована историография становления и развития договора как правового института, а также состояние научных исследований нормативно-правового договора, юридического процесса и договорного процесса. Определены понятие, признаки и виды правовых актов и место нормативно-правового договора в системе правовых актов. Предложено понимать под нормативно-правовым договором добровольную, взаимную, в большинстве случаев двухстороннюю, письменную договоренность, одной из сторон которой является орган власти, как субъект правотворчества, которая устанавливает договорные нормы права, которые охраняются, и обеспечиваются государством, и может быть основанием для возникновения, изменения и прекращения определённых правоотношений. Раскрыты сущность, признаки, функции и классификация нормативно-правового договора. Исследован договорный процесс нормативно-правового договора, раскрыты его понятие и стадии. Определен договорной процесс как деятельность лиц, которые заключают договор и принимают участие в его реализации, по заключению и исполнению договора, которая состоит: 1) в определении порядка подготовки заключения договора, внесения изменений и дополнений к нему; 2) в определении порядка вступления в силу договора, срока его действия, порядка выполнения; в установлении условий вступления договора в силу, его исполнение и их реализация; 3) в определения порядка расторжения договора, прекращения и приостановления его действия; 4) в установлении условий для расторжения договора, прекращения и приостановления его действия и их реализации; 5) в определении способов обеспечения выполнения договорных обязательств и в установлении порядка реализации таких способов; 6) в определении условий и оснований привлечения к ответственности за неисполнение или ненадлежащее исполнение договорных обязательств; 7) в установлении порядка привлечения к ответственности за неисполнение или ненадлежащее исполнение условий договора и привлечении к такой ответственности в случае существования оснований. Охарактеризованы сущность, правовое регулирование международного, конституционного, административного, коллективного нормативно-правовых договоров Украины и их договорные процессы, определены особенности договорного процесса этих договоров. Проанализировано значение нормативно-правового договора и договорного процесса, перспективы и условия их развития. Определены и исследованы недостатки нормативно-правового договора и его договорного процесса, предложены пути их решения. Обоснована необходимость разработки и принятия Закона Украины «О нормативно-правовых договорах», а также закрепления в законодательстве порядка регистрации, сроков опубликования, порядка вступления в силу нормативно-правового договора. Предложены изменения и дополнения: 1) к Кодексу Украины об административных правонарушениях и Уголовному кодексу Украины, закрепив в них положения, касающиеся привлечения к административной и/или уголовной ответственности за ненадлежащее исполнение, неисполнение, нарушение условий нормативно-правового договора, нарушение договором и его исполнением прав и свобод физического, юридического лица, физического лица-предпринимателя, интересов государства, местного самоуправления, органов власти, повреждение государственного, коммунального имущества и т. п., если в содеянном правонарушении есть состав и признаки административного или уголовного правонарушения; 2) к Указу Президента Украины «О государственной регистрации нормативно-правовых актов министерств и других органов исполнительной власти» и Постановлению Кабинета Министров Украины «Положение о государственной регистрации нормативно-правовых актов министерств и других органов исполнительной власти» для совершенствования порядка регистрации нормативно-правовых договоров».
Dissertation for the degree of candidate of legal science, specialty 12.00.01 – the theory and history of state and law, history of political and legal doctrines. – National University «Odessa Law Academy», Odessa, 2016. The dissertation dwells on the revealing the essence of the normative legal agreement and agreement procedure in sovereign Ukraine. The historiography of settling and development of agreement as a legal institution as well as the current state of the research of the normative legal agreement, judicial and agreement procedures have been analyzed. The notion, properties and types of legal acts and the place of the normative legal agreement in the legal act system have been determined. The essence, properties, functions and classification of the normative legal agreement have been revealed. The agreement procedure of the normative and legal agreement has been studied, its notion and stages being revealed. The essence, legal regulation of international, constitutional, administrative, collective normative legal agreements of Ukraine and their agreement procedures have been characterized, the peculiarities of the agreement procedure of these agreements have been determined. The importance of the normative legal agreement and agreement procedure, perspectives and conditions of their elaboration have been analyzed. The shortcomings of the normative legal agreement and its agreement process have been specified; the ways of their solutions have been suggested. The necessity of elaboration and adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On normative and legal agreements» has been grounded, as well as the order of its registration, terms of publishing, coming into effect. The changes and amendments to the Code of Ukraine on administrative infraction, Criminal Code of Ukraine, Decree of the President of Ukraine «On State Registration of Normative Legal Acts of Ministries and Other Executive Bodies», Decision of the Cabinet of Ministries of Ukraine «Regulations on State Registration of Normative Legal Acts of Ministries and Other Executive Bodies» have been suggested.
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Martins, Paulo C?sar Ribeiro. "O amante competente e outros campos o imagin?rio coletivo de universit?rios sobre dificuldades sexuais masculinas". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2007. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/385.
Abstract (sommario):
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Previous issue date: 2007-04-18The objective of this research is to investigate that consist of the collective imaginary of students about male sex problems, as well as to elucidate the non conscious psychological field, in other words, the emotional logic of agreement according to which they are organized. Therefore, the psychoanalytic method was operated through the Fields Theory, having as groundwork the psychoanalytic theory of Jos? Bleger. The Procedure of Thematic Drawing-and-Telling Stories was used in a collective approach in a classroom of Law students. It could be observed that the sexual problems are predominantly defined as erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. The psychoanalytic analysis indicated that the imaginary figure is organized starting from fields linked to the need of reaching a certain pattern of competent behavior (the competent lover), to the difficulties to get a stable relationship (happy ever after) and linked to the sexual vague stances ( will it be that he is? ). Knowing the collective imaginary figure, as well as the psychological-living fields on which it is organized, can enable transformations in the way that different social groups conceive sexual life, setting the human being free of adhesions to restrictive conceptions about sexuality that tend to impoverish the way of living.
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar o imagin?rio coletivo de universit?rios sobre dificuldades sexuais masculinas, bem como elucidar os campos psicol?gicos n?o conscientes, ou seja, a l?gica emocional de acordo com a qual se organizam. Para tanto, o m?todo psicanal?tico foi operado atrav?s da Teoria dos Campos, em pr?xima interlocu??o com a sistematiza??o epistemol?gica proposta pelo psicanalista Jos? Bleger. O Procedimento de Desenhos-Est?rias com Tema foi utilizado na abordagem coletiva de uma classe de estudantes de Direito. Constatou-se que as dificuldades sexuais s?o predominantemente definidas como disfun??o er?til e ejacula??o precoce. A an?lise psicanal?tica indicou que o imagin?rio se organiza a partir de campos vinculados a necessidade de alcan?ar certo padr?o em termos de desempenho (o amante competente), as dificuldades no relacionamento est?vel (felizes para sempre) e as indefini??es sexuais (ser? que ele e?). Conhecer o imagin?rio coletivo, bem como os campos psicol?gico-vivenciais sobre os quais se organiza, pode facilitar transforma??es no modo como diferentes grupos sociais concebem a vida sexual, libertando o ser humano de ades?es a concep??es restritivas sobre sexualidade que tendem a empobrecer o viver.
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Saaied, Semia. "L'échec du plan de sauvegarde de l'entreprise en difficulté". Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020033.
Abstract (sommario):
L’article L 626-27 du Code de commerce sanctionne l’échec du plan de sauvegarde par la résolution. L’effet destructeur de cette sanction peut, de prime abord, séduire lorsque la solution arrêtée par le tribunal ne répond plus à l’objectif de sauvegarde de l’entreprise. Cependant, ce choix suscite l’étonnement dans la mesure où il s’agit d’une sanction de l’inexécution d’une obligation contractuelle. Or, il apparaît difficile de considérer le plan comme un contrat. Malgré l’effort de contractualisation opéré par la loi du 26 juillet 2005 à travers la participation des comités de créanciers à son élaboration, il demeure un acte juridictionnel. Cette incompatibilité invite à redéfinir la nature de la sanction. Une étude minutieuse de l’échec du plan montre que sa sanction répond à une logique propre à la procédure collective qui s’illustre principalement dans la diversité de ses causes et de ses effets. Contrairement à la résolution, la sanction de l’échec du plan peut être prononcée soit en présence d’une inexécution des engagements qu’il contient soit en raison de la survenance d’une cessation des paiements au cours de son exécution. En outre, elle produit des effets distincts étrangers à toute idée de rétroactivité. Si elle permet, en cas d’inexécution, de revenir à la relation contractuelle initiale, elle assure, en cas de cessation des paiements, la clôture de la sauvegarde et le retour simultané de la procédure collective. Aussi, elle ne saurait être une résolution, mais constitue un instrument de nature procédurale hybride propre à la procédure collective. Une approche cohérente de l’échec du plan de sauvegarde invite, par conséquent, à reformuler l’article L 626-27 du Code de commerceArticle L 626-27 of the French Commercial Code punishes the failure of a bankruptcy plan by cancellation. The destructive impact of this sanction may, at first, trigger a company's interest when the court's decision does not correspond to the company's bankruptcy goal. Nonetheless this choice is surprising given that it punishes the non-execution of a contractual obligation. However it seems difficult to consider the plan as a contract. The Act of July 26, 2005 looks to formalizing this process by contract namely through the participation of creditor committees in the early stages of the procedure, but it remains a jurisdictional action. This incompatibility encourages one to redefine the nature of this sanction. A careful examination of the plan's failure shows that the sanction fulfills a logic pertaining to a collective procedure, the causes and consequences of which are diverse. Contrary to the cancellation, the sanction punishing the plan's failure may be delivered in case of the non-execution of commitments put forth in the plan or the suspension of payments during its execution. Furthermore its consequences are distinct, with no retro activity. In case of non-execution, the sanction allows for a return to the initial contractual relation, but in case of suspension of payments it guarantees a bankruptcy closure and a return to collective procedure. Thus, it would no longer be a cancellation but a hybrid procedural instrument pertaining to a collective procedure. Therefore a coherent approach to the failure of the bankruptcy plan encourages one to rephrase article L 626-27 of the French Commercial Code
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Klein, Pauline. "L'opération de prévoyance". Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020041.
Abstract (sommario):
Les régimes de protection sociale complémentaire constituent des outils à la disposition des employeurs afin de fidéliser leurs salariés. S’inspirant directement des principes encadrant le fonctionnement des régimes de base de la sécurité sociale, l’opération de prévoyance se caractérise, en partie, par une forte dimension collective. La création et la mise en oeuvre des couvertures de prévoyance et de frais de santé s’accompagnent de la poursuite d’idéaux d’égalité, de solidarité et de mutualisation. L’adoption des textes fondateurs en la matière,les lois Evin et Veil, a conduit à l’institution de mécanismes propres à l’opération de prévoyance reflétant cette dimension collective. L’influence du droit des assurances est certaine et sa maîtrise indispensable pour assurer la pérennité des mécanismes de protection sociale d’entreprise. Terrain d’application de droits divers, l’opération de prévoyance se caractérise par la complexité des relations entre ses intervenants et des règles régissant son support, le contrat de d’assurance de groupe. L’optimisation de son coût pour l’employeur est au prix d’un effort de conciliation de ces différents instrumentsSupplementary social protection schemes are tools which employers can decide to utilize inorder to retain their employees. Corporate social protection systems are directly based on the principles which rule the functioning of the basic social security scheme. Understandably, they are characterized by a strong collective dimension. Design and implementation of corporate social protection are therefore associated with the pursuit of ideals of equality,solidarity and risks or resources pooling. The enactment of the founding legislation in this area – i.e. the Evin and Veil Acts* – led to the setting up of mechanisms peculiar to corporate social protection systems and whose very existence is revealing of this collective dimension.The influence of insurance law is indisputable and having full command of it is naturally instrumental in ensuring the viability of corporate social protection. Corporate social protection systems indeed find themselves at the crossroad of several legal domains. They are therefore distinguished by the complexity of the relations between their actors as well as that of the rules governing the collective insurance contract through which they are implemented. Optimizing its cost is a performance employers can only achieve through a careful conciliation of these instruments
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Sakellari, Eirini. "L'efficacité du plan de cession en droit français et en droit grec". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3005.
Abstract (sommario):
Le plan de cession est un mécanisme de sauvetage des entreprises en difficulté existant aussi bien en droit français qu’en droit grec. Il constitue le mécanisme de sauvetage le plus efficace grâce à ses caractéristiques et techniques ainsi que grâce au rôle des acteurs de la procédure. Néanmoins, il connaît certains défauts auxquels il doit être remédié afin qu’il atteigne son véritable potentiel d’efficacité. Ces améliorations concernent principalement le rôle des organes dans la procédure et le déroulement de la procédure elle-même. Mais le plus grand défi pour la promotion du plan de cession est le manque d’éducation et de culture du sauvetage chez les juristes et plus largement dans le milieu des entreprises. Il est ainsi nécessaire de les développer pour que son efficacité devienne parfaite. Le plan de cession en droit grec étant moins achevé que son équivalent français, il peut profiter de certaines dispositions du Code de commerce français et ainsi devenir un mécanisme plus complet et plus opérationnelThe business transfer plan is a rescue mechanism for enterprises which are in distress. It exists both in French and Greek law. It is the most efficient rescue mechanism thanks to its characteristics as well as to the role of the actors of the procedure. However, it has some defects which need to be corrected so that it reaches its true potential of efficiency. These improvements concern mainly the role of the organs in the procedure and the progress of the procedure itself. The biggest challenge for the promotion of the business transfer plan is the lack of education and rescue culture within the jurists and more broadly within the enterprises. It is necessary to develop those so that the plan’s efficiency becomes perfect. The plan in Greek law is less developed than in French law. It can thus take advantage of certain provisions of the French Commercial code and become a more complete and more operational mechanism
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Cottigny, Maxime. "Responsabilité civile et procédures collectives". Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL20013/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Responsabilité civile et procédures collectives, sont des termes aux effets a priori inconciliables. Pourtant, la politique juridique de la procédure collective utilise, de manière à la fois cohérente et opportuniste, la responsabilité civile, qui est alors mise au service de ses finalités et de son régime et dont l’usage se révèle fluctuant et opportuniste. Le résultat ? La mutation de la responsabilité civile. En effet, d’une part l’efficacité juridique du droit des procédures collectives fait évoluer sa fonction. Fondée sur un équilibre des intérêts, elle laprotège. D’autre part, elle fait évoluer le régime de la responsabilité civile, que se soit ses conditions de fond ou de forme. Mais pourquoi circonscrire la protection de l’intérêt à la procédure collective ? Ne peut-on pas voir dans cette fonction la direction de l’évolution de la responsabilité civile en droit des affaires ?Civil liability and collective procedures, are terms in the effects a priori irreconcilable. Nevertheless, the legal politics of the collective procedure uses, so as to coherent and opportunist time, the civil liability, which is then put in the service of its purposes and of his regime and the use of which shows itself fluctuating and opportunist. The profit ? The mutation of the civil liability. Indeed, on one hand the legal efficiency of the law of the collective procedures makes its function evolve. Established on a balance of the interests, itprotects her. On the other hand, it develops the regime of the civil liability, that is his conditions of bottom or shape. But why to confine the protection of the interest in the collective procedure? Cannot we see in this function, the direction of the evolution of the civil liability in business law?
42
Pimenta, Adriana Campos de Souza Freire. "Substituição processual sindical". Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2010. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1002.
Abstract (sommario):
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Previous issue date: 2010-07-01In Brazil, through social rights were recognized, in parallel, the civil and political rights. Even at authoritarian times, social rights have been formally recognized, given that the Federal Constitution of 1988 gave them enormous attention. However, realization of social rights requires, beyond the state action, the commitment of workers and their unions, occupying Article 8., III CF/88 position of prominence in this particular, by allowing the union, as a procedural substitute, to file lawsuits in defense of collective rights (especially of a certain workers class) and homogeneous individual rights of its members. This ensures isonomic access to justice to the members of the class (especially professional), and also decrease the excessive amount of individual claims and increase the number of workers protected. Finally, the most frequent activities of the union as a procedural substitute for workers, beyond strengthening the ties between them, will reduce the low rate of spontaneous compliance of the constitutional and legal norms which enshrine social rights by employers, also reducing, as a result, judicial cases and relieving the Labor Courts.
No Brasil, através dos direitos sociais, foram consagrados, de forma paralela, os direitos civis e políticos. Mesmo em períodos autoritários, os direitos sociais foram reconhecidos formalmente, sendo certo que a Constituição Federal de 1988 deu a eles enorme destaque. Contudo, a concretização dos direitos sociais, além de prestações do próprio Estado, requer o empenho dos trabalhadores e de seus sindicatos, ocupando o artigo 8º., III da CF/88, neste particular, posição de destaque, ao possibilitar que o sindicato, na condição de substituto processual, ajuíze ações em defesa dos direitos coletivos (da categoria profissional, enquanto tal) e dos direitos individuais homogêneos de seus membros. Isso garante aos integrantes da categoria (notadamente profissional) isonomia no acesso à justiça, além de diminuir a quantidade excessiva de reclamações individuais e aumentar o número de trabalhadores tutelados. Por fim, a atuação mais freqüente do sindicato como substituto processual dos trabalhadores, além de fortalecer os laços entre eles, aumentará o baixo índice de cumprimento espontâneo pelos empregadores das normas constitucionais e legais que consagram os direitos sociais, reduzindo também, via de conseqüência, os processos judiciais e desafogando a Justiça do Trabalho.
43
Tramarin, Sara. "La tutela giudiziale e stragiudiziale del consumatore nel diritto dell’Unione europea". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA007/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Le travail réalisé a pris en considération en premier lieu le droit international privé de l'UE, puis des aspects plus à proprement parler de « droit international procédural », en se concrétisant par une « systémisation » et une cartographie des voies de recours proposées au consommateur par le droit européen pour les litiges transfrontaliers. La première partie, concernant la loi applicable aux contrats internationaux du consommateur et le tribunal compétent dans le droit international privé de l'Union européenne, permit d'identifier les problématiques de droit international privé sous-jacentes aux contrats et aux litiges internationaux en matière de consommation, qui sont exacerbées dans le domaine du commerce électronique. La thèse traite deuxièmement la protection du consommateur par l'assouplissement et la simplification des procédures ordinaires et la protection du consommateur par des procédures collectives transfrontalières. Enfin, la thèse concerne la protection du consommateur par les procédures alternatives au contentieux ordinaireThe thesis analyzes, under various aspects related to private international law and international civil procedure of the European Union, the status of the protection offered to the European consumers in their international contracts, in particular in relation to the objectives and in the context of the single market. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter deals with consumer protection in the international private law of European Union (regulation (UE) 1215/2012 and regulation (CE) 593/2008). The second chapter deals with the protection offered to consumers by european international civil procedure with reference to individual and collective litigations. The third chapter deals with alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and with on-line dispute resolution (ODR) and analyzes EU directive 2013/11/UE and regulation (EU) 524/2013
La tesi analizza, sotto vari aspetti relativi al diritto internazionale privato e processuale dell’Unione Europea, lo stato della protezione offerta al consumatore europeo nei contratti e nelle controversie internazionali, con uno specifico riguardo alle tutele di carattere processuale e giurisdizionale. La tesi si articola in tre capitoli, che investono gli ambiti in cui tale tutela può esplicarsi, ovvero, l’individuazione di un foro e di una legge applicabile favorevoli agli interessi del consumatore, la semplificazione delle regole di procedura nelle controversie individuali internazionali, la possibilità di dare luogo a procedimenti transfrontalieri collettivi e la creazione di un sistema efficace di risoluzione delle controversie internazionali in via stragiudiziale anche on-line. Il primo capitolo ricostruisce dapprima il sistema di diritto internazionale privatodell'Unione europea in materia di contratti di consumo, dando conto del contesto politico ed economico in cui si inserisce ed alla cui luce devono esserne letti gli obiettivi. Vengono quindi individuati i principi e gli obiettivi che fondano le norme di diritto internazionale privato in materia di contratti internazionali del consumatore, le quali si caratterizzano per l’essere ispirate a finalità materiali, ovvero, volte a permettere di individuare un foro competente ed una legge applicabile che siano in grado di bilanciare tra loro le esigenze dei consumatori e degli operatori del mercato, con la conseguenza di favorire l’esplicarsi degli scambi commerciali e della concorrenza nel mercato unico. Ciò avviene garantendo al consumatore l’applicazione della legge e la competenza del foro a lui più prossimi, ovvero quelli del suo paese di residenza abituale (la cui coincidenza permette peraltro una riduzione dei costi delle liti transfrontaliere) e la prevedibilità delle soluzioni agli operatori del mercato.Il capitolo traccia quindi lo sviluppo normativo e giurisprudenziale delle norme di diritto internazionale privato europee in materia di contratti del consumatore, prendendo in particolare in considerazione le più recenti sentenze della Corte di Giustizia che, dal 2010 ad oggi, hanno ridefinito l’ambito di applicazione delle norme contenute nel regolamento (CE) 44/2001 (Bruxelles I), oggi rifuso nel regolamento (UE) 1215/2012 (Bruxelles I-bis), e nel regolamento (CE) 593/2008 (Roma I), insistendo sulla definizione del concetto, volutamente aleatorio, di “attività diretta” e sul suo ruolo di preminenza nel connettere la fattispecie contrattuale allo Stato della residenza del consumatore per permetterne la competenza dei giudici e l’applicabilità della relativa legge. Viene svolta infine una analisi critica sull’interpretazione fornita dalla Corte di Giustizia che rischia, nel concreto, di rendere le norme in oggetto applicabili in maniera variabile dai giudici nazionali, garantendo alle volte una tutela troppo estesa o troppo ristretta al consumatore, senza riguardo per l’esigenza di certezza giuridica degli operatori del mercato
44
Allard, Baptiste. "L'action de groupe : étude franco-américaine des actions collectives en défense des intérêts individuels d'autrui". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB128.
Abstract (sommario):
Le débat maintenant ancien que mènent les juristes français autour de l'action de groupe est marqué par une contradiction importante : alors que les class actions américaines, systématiquement évoquées, semblent exercer une influence déterminante sur leurs réflexions, elles restent largement méconnues. Suscitant l'espoir autant que la crainte, l'exemple des class actions peut expliquer à la fois l'arrivée de l'action de groupe dans l'ordre juridique français, les hésitations législatives et doctrinales qui l'ont précédée et les défauts qui affectent tant les textes entrés en vigueur que ceux encore en projet. D'un côté, l'intérêt porté en France aux class actions est l'expression d"une insatisfaction à l'égard du droit français, particulièrement du droit de la responsabilité civile. Les class actions sont alors envisagées comme une solution possible à un problème donné, à savoir l'absence en droit français d'un outil efficace pour appréhender les situations dans lesquelles un grand nombre de personnes subit des dommages individuels rattachables à un fait unique (ou une série de faits identiques). De l'autre, le mécanisme sur lequel les class actions s'appuient suscite fréquemment la perplexité, voire l'hostilité. Reposant sur une présomption de consentement de la part des membres du groupe représentés (« opt-out »), elles seraient contraires aux règles traditionnelles de la procédure civile française, réputée éminemment individualiste. Le rôle central confié aux avocats américains encouragerait en outre les actions illégitimes sans bénéfice réel pour les personnes représentées. Dans cette perspective, un examen approfondi des conditions historiques dans lesquelles les class actions sont apparues aux États-Unis et des règles qui les encadrent, confronté à l'étude de l'ensemble des actions pour autrui existant en droit français, est le moyen de vérifier la légitimité des espoirs et des craintes qui structurent le débat français. Ses enseignements, nombreux, permettent de proposer une vue d'ensemble des principes cardinaux d'organisation des actions de groupe dans l'optique de la construction d'un régime efficace, quelle que soit la tradition juridique concernée. La pertinence de cette approche reste entière au regard des limites sérieuses qui caractérisent l'action de groupe introduite en France en 2014. En premier lieu, la comparaison des droits français et américain révèle la très grande diversité des schémas procéduraux envisageables, en fonction des demandes formulées dans le cadre de ces actions et des buts assignés à la procédure envisagée, qui dérivent eux-mêmes souvent des fonctions réparatrices, compensatoires ou punitives attribuées au droit de la responsabilité civile. En second lieu, il relativise le caractère exceptionnel de la présomption de consentement tout en confirmant que l'efficacité des actions de groupe dépend pour une large part des conditions dans lesquelles est défini le groupe de personnes qui subit les effets de la décision de fond rendue à l'issue de la procédure. En troisième lieu, il fait apparaître l'importance de la dimension économique de ces actions. Dans la mesure où elles permettent la défense des intérêts individuels d'autrui, elles exigent une prise en compte de la réalité des incitations et des moyens propres à chaque acteur de la procédure, notamment celui qui l'initieThe French debate on collective actions is characterised by a central contradiction: while US class actions almost systematically serve as the starting point of discussions among French lawyers, they remain widely unknown to them. Being a reason for hope, admiration as well as fear, the American model of class actions can explain why the introduction of collective actions in French law was decided, why it was delayed for so long, and the many flaws of the resulting legislation
45
Hmoda, Farag. "La protection des créanciers au sein des groupes de sociétés". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828144.
Abstract (sommario):
L'étude juridique du groupe de sociétés fait apparaître une difficulté majeure qui émane de la grande différence entre le droit et le fait. En effet, bien qu'elles soient liées par un intérêt commun, les sociétés membres d'un groupe ne font toujours pas l'objet d'une réglementation détaillée qui prendrait en considération leur entité et leur unité économique et sociale distinctes. Il découle de cet antagonisme un risque de non correspondance des intérêts particuliers des sociétés membres avec la prévalence juridique de l'intérêt du groupe, lequel pourrait induire des effets préjudiciables aux différentes catégories des créanciers de ces sociétés.Toutefois, cette absence d'une loi particulière aux groupes a donné lieu à une réglementation ponctuelle qui vient modifier des règles du droit des sociétés ou qui régit certains domaines particuliers. De même, en raison d'une telle insuffisance de normes écrites, une importante partie du droit positif des groupes semble d'origine jurisprudentielle. Soutenus par la Cour de cassation, les juges du fond ne cessent de circonscrire les différents aspects de ce phénomène en vue de combler des lacunes juridiques qui heurtent l'équité. Plusieurs théories ont été instaurées en la matière, construisant ensemble une base importante pour la protection des créanciers, des salariés et des associés minoritaires liés à l'ensemble des sociétés regroupées.
46
Lopez, Laëtitia. "L'action en justice des parties prenantes dans le cadre de la Responsabilité Sociale de l'Entreprise". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3052/document.
Abstract (sommario):
L’action en justice intentée en matière de Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise révèle certaines limites lorsque les justiciables parties prenantes souhaitent protéger leurs intérêts. Par une juridicisation du droit de la RSE à mi-chemin entre la soft law et la hard law, l’action en justice des parties prenantes pourrait être véritablement efficiente. Dès lors, les mécanismes processuels traditionnels sont insuffisants lorsqu’il s’agit d’agir en justice dans ce domaine. C’est notamment à travers l’intérêt et la qualité à agir en justice des parties prenantes que des aménagements de la procédure civile vont être véritablement nécessaires. Des améliorations supplémentaires telles que l’instauration d’une action de groupe élargie au domaine de la RSE et davantage américanisée permettrait notamment aux parties prenantes d’assurer leur défense grâce à un dispositif nouveau très efficace. De plus et par la voie extrajudiciaire des modes alternatifs de règlement des litiges, les acteurs de la RSE peuvent également décider de porter le différend qui les oppose hors de la connaissance du juge étatique. Ce choix d’action peut être révélateur d’une préférence pour une justice davantage négociée. Ces propositions semblent être indispensables à la mise en œuvre d’une action en justice efficace en matière de RSE. Les parties prenantes pourront alors agir en justice de manière inédite afin de parachever leur protection. Les nécessités juridiques et sociales actuelles semblent ainsi faire évoluer le droit afin que les parties prenantes puissent bénéficier d’une action en justice considérée comme un véritable contre-pouvoir face à l’entrepriseLegal actions brought to court concerning Corporate Social Responsability reveal certain limits when litigants’ stakeholders wish to protect their interests. The Corporate Social Responsability law falls between soft law and hard law. Going through CSR law’s judicalization could really make litigation of stakeholders efficient. Usual processual mechanisms are insufficient once an action has to be brought to court dealing with CSR. The civil procedure will need some changes, specifically relating to legal standing and stakeholder interest. Some added improvement would allow stakeholders to ensure their legal defence thanks to this new and efficient legal device. The setting up of a collective action including a CSR with more resemblance to the American one would represent one such improvement. Moreover, stakeholders can decide to settle the matter out-of-court with an extrajudicial approach, using alternative dispute resolution. This choice could amount to a more negotiated inflection of justice. These proposals seem to be necessary to settle an efficient legal action concerning CSR. In this way stakeholders will be able to litigate in a whole new way in order to consolidate their protection. Current legal and social needs seem to make the law evolve so that stakeholders benefit from a legal action which can be considered as a real countervailing power against a corporation
47
Basséne, Yannick Boniface. "La protection du consommateur par l'action de groupe en droit de la concurrence". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB147.
Abstract (sommario):
Le 19ème siècle est marqué par la mécanisation des activités humaines issues de la révolution industrielle et accentuée par l'essor du progrès technique. Cette révolution est à l'origine de la prolifération des préjudices subis par les consommateurs du fait de la défaillance des machines. De plus, d'autres dommages sont venus se greffer aux dommages corporels. Il en est par exemple les scandales de l'amiante, des cigarettes ou encore des produits médicamenteux, tels que les antidépresseurs ou le vaccin contre l'hépatite B. Ces dommages corporels qui touchaient jadis à la santé, sont de nature économique aujourd'hui. Aussi, la particularité du contexte économique participe-t-elle à accentuer cette complexité du fait notamment de la consommation de masse, de la concentration croissante des opérations économiques et de la globalisation des échanges marchands. Un tel contexte rend ainsi l'expression et le traitement des recours à caractère individuel tantôt inopérants, tantôt insuffisants, pour répondre adéquatement, sur la scène judiciaire, aux besoins légitimes de défense des intérêts individuels. En effet, la conception traditionnelle de notre système de responsabilité civile, dont la réforme est amorcée et qui est marquée par un individualisme ancestral, se révèle souvent inadaptée voire inefficace lorsqu'un même préjudice, subi par des consommateurs victimes, est d'une valeur pécuniaire relativement faible sur le plan individuel, alors même que des profits illicites importants peuvent avoir été engrangés par les contrevenants. Parallèlement à ces évolutions, un constat est fait. Les consommateurs ont changé de comportement, ils sont devenus plus soucieux de leur protection et de plus en plus revendicatifs parce qu'ils considèrent que la réparation des dommages subis est un droit. Aussi, imposèrent-ils des débats politique, judiciaire et économique de la question de la réparation des dommages qu'ils ont subis du fait des pratiques anticoncurrentielles. Face à cette situation les systèmes juridiques s'efforcent de trouver des solutions afin d'améliorer la protection de l'individu. La consommation des ménages étant un enjeu fondamental, des règles notamment l'action en représentation conjointe, furent adoptées, sans succès, avec pour finalité de rééquilibrer les relations professionnels/consommateurs et assurer la protection des consommateurs. L'action de groupe apparait dans ces cas de figure comme l'instrument juridique devant permettre aux victimes de pratiques anticoncurrentielles d'obtenir la réparation des préjudices subis. L'objectif principal de cette thèse était donc d'étudier l'effectivité de la protection du consommateur par l'action de groupe en droit de la concurrence. Pour ce faire, la démarche que nous avons adoptée nous a amené à répondre dans la première partie à deux questions importantes. La première question est relative à l'adaptation des règles de la responsabilité civile à la réparation effective des consommateurs victimes de pratiques anticoncurrentielles, qui constitue notre titre premier. L'étude de cette question nous a conduit à analyser les dispositions permettant la recevabilité de l'action en dommages et intérêts des consommateurs. Cette analyse a permis non seulement de mettre en évidence la particularité de la faute concurrentielle ainsi que le préjudice qui en découle mais également de voir à quel point il était nécessaire de procéder à un aménagement des règles qui gouvernent la responsabilité civile pour les adapter au contentieux concurrentiel. Le second titre de notre première partie a été consacré à l'aspect transnational des pratiques anticoncurrentielles. Le caractère transnational de l'action de groupe a été délibérément omis par le législateur. En effet, la DG concurrence renvoie pour l'action de groupe internationale à l'application des règles de DIP européen. (...)After several decades of doctrinal and legislative debates, the procedure of group action was introduced in French law. The excesses of the American class action has always aroused in French legislators and some specialists in the field a certain mistrust of class actions. As a result, the repression of anti-competitive practices was essentially the responsibility of the enforcement public led by the relevant competition authorities. However, the 19th century is marked by the mechanization of human activities resulting from the industrial revolution and accentuated by the rise of technical progress. This revolution is at the origin of the proliferation of the damages suffered by the consumers because of the failure of the machines. In addition, other damages were added to the bodily injury. Examples include asbestos scandals, cigarettes and drug products, such as anti-depressants or hepatitis B vaccine. These bodily injuries that once affected health are of an economic nature today. In parallel with these evolutions, a report is made. Consumers have changed their behavior, they have become more protective and more and more demanding because they consider that compensation for damages is a right. Thus, they imposed political, judicial and economic debates on the question of compensation for the damage they suffered as a result of anti-competitive practices. Faced with this situation, the legal systems try to find solutions to improve the protection of the individual. Since household consumption is a fundamental issue, rules, including joint representation, were adopted with the aim of rebalancing professional / consumer relations and ensuring consumer protection. However, in the contemporary context of mass consumption, the increasing concentration of economic operations and the globalization of market exchanges, the expression and the treatment of individual remedies prove sometimes ineffective, sometimes insufficient, to respond adequately, on the judicial scene, the legitimate needs of defense of collective interests. Indeed, the traditional conception of civil liability, marked by ancestral individualism, proves to be inadequate when the harm suffered by the victim is of a relatively low pecuniary value at the individual level compared to the illicit global profits collected by the offenders. In order to remedy the ineffectiveness of the right to compensation for damages suffered, the French legislator, through the Hamon law, has offered the consumer a degree of autonomy in the implementation of legal remedies aimed at the repression of anticompetitive practices by the exercise of a right to easy compensation, which has the effect of reinforcing its capacity as a player in the field of competition law. In fact, the provisions specific to group action seem, at first glance, to give weight and influence to the consumer from whom he was previously supposed to be without. The legislator, under the recommendations of the European Commission, wanted to give consumers the necessary weapons to no longer be condemned to suffer the impact of the additional costs imposed between professionals involved upstream. Also, since this is a matter of effectiveness in terms of private remedies due to anticompetitive practices, will this issue be used to examine the means by which the victims of anticompetitive practices may be compensated. This thesis is essentially an analysis of the mechanism of group action to answer the question of whether this procedure effectively protects consumers. Thus, the author has sought to understand how the private enforcement mechanism works to assess whether this model contributes to consumer protection
48
Tsai, San-Da, e 蔡尚達. "A Study of Remedial Procedure of Collective Damages of Consumers". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jrvt5r.
Abstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺灣大學
法律學研究所
107
The purpose of this thesis is to research how to improve the dispute resolution of modern disputes. Such as public product defect and other incidents may hurt the interests of the public, which are often lasting, obscure and expansive in nature. In theory, the consumer protection law article 50, 54 and the code of civil procedure article 44-1, 44-2 are remedial procedure of collective damages of consumers in Taiwan. But during the twenty-year, the consumer collective redress system in Taiwan has yet to achieve its proper purpose. For the aforesaid purpose and from a proceeding law perspective, this thesis begins by surveying the Act on Special Measures Concerning Civil Court Proceedings for the Collective Redress for Property Damage Incurred by Consumers in Japan governing the topics of party’s standing, two stage proceedings, action for declaratory judgment on common obligations, simple determination Proceedings and settlement. The Japanese law is a two-stage procedure and does not allow for individuals to commence class actions themselves. At the first stage, a Specific Qualified Consumer Organization commences litigation against a company seeking a declaration as to the liability of the company under the consumer contract (defined as "Common Obligations") as representatives of other potential consumer claimants. At the second stage, if the court finds that the company is liable, other consumers may then join the litigation as creditors in their own right without there being any uncertainty as to whether the company in question is liable, enabling them to claim damages for their individual economic loss cheaply and easily. Finally, this thesis discusses the current practice of cases which relate to these article, analyze that cases and find out how to improve these issues, make more consumer protection group willing to institute an action to protect consumer. It is hoped that the suggestions can be the useful reference for reconstruction of consumer collective redress in Taiwan.
49
Vermeulen, Petrus Johannes. "Extension of the parametric - Historic procedure for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis". Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43277.
Abstract (sommario):
Some validations of and extensions to the Parametric‐Historic procedure as developed in a
two‐paper sequel by Andrzej Kijko and Gerhard Graham in 1998 and 1999 are presented.
The source‐free distribution they derive is validated through a somewhat more rigorous
mathematical derivation. The approach is also extended in two ways. The first extension
involves direct application of the estimators, which they used to determine maximum
regional magnitude, now to directly determine the maximum possible peak ground
acceleration at a specific site. The second extension is a generalization of the distribution of
peak ground acceleration in a semi‐closed form solution to incorporate a wider range of
ground motion prediction equations. The first extension is straightforward and is
simultaneously developed and validated by example application to actual ground motion
data. The second extension is derived and then applied to a specific ground motion
prediction equation as example to illustrate its performance.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
lk2014
Geology
MSc
Unrestricted
50
YANG, HSU-CHIEH, e 楊勛傑. "The Study on Consumer Collective Redress and Class Action in the Code of Civil Procedure". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bph834.
Abstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺北大學
法律學系一般生組
105
The purpose of this study was to research how to improve the dispute resolution of multiple parties and class action. Taiwan has confront several crisis of food safety during these years, and those crisis become many consumer litigation, how to deal with those dispute has become an important issue. This study was researching the code of civil procedure article 44-1, 44-2, 44-3 and the consumer protection law article 50, 53, 54. Those article are relate to dispute resolution of multiple parties and class action in Taiwan. Although those article has implement for over 10 years, there stillseldom caseresolute by these article, so these must be some obstacle to make those consumer protection group can’t use these article.This study was collecting all cases which relate to these article, analyze that cases and find out how to improve these articles, make more consumer protection group willing to institute an action to protect consumer.