Articoli di riviste: "Extension de procédure collective"

1

Bellayer, Rozenn. "Procédure collective - contrats commerciaux". Revue juridique de l'Ouest 13, n. 1 (2000): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/juro.2000.2567.

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Deschênes, Jean-Paul. "L’évaluation des emplois et la convention collective". Relations industrielles 37, n. 2 (12 aprile 2005): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/029256ar.

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L'auteur analyse le rôle de chacune des parties dans l'élaboration et l'implantation d'une méthode d'évaluation, dans l'évaluation proprement dite du groupe d'emplois qu'elles ont déterminé, dans la réévaluation des emplois modifiés ainsi que dans la procédure à suivre en cas de grief et d'arbitrage en matière d'évaluation.

3

Chopard, Bertrand. "Enchères, redressement ou liquidation judiciaire". L'Actualité économique 80, n. 4 (26 gennaio 2006): 655–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/012131ar.

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Résumé Cet article offre une revue argumentée et critique de la littérature consacrée à l’utilisation d’un mécanisme d’enchères dans le traitement des défaillances d’entreprises au travers de deux questions. Quels sont les avantages et les inconvénients des deux systèmes a priori rivaux, l’enchère et la procédure collective fondée sur une analyse détaillée des possibilités de redressement de l’entreprise effectuée par le tribunal ? Puis, quelles sont les difficultés posées par l’introduction d’une procédure d’enchères dans un système juridique hermétique à cet instrument? Par ce biais, c’est la question plus générale de la réforme des procédures collectives fortement encadrées par le tribunal qui est abordée.

4

Verge, Pierre. "Représentation collective et représentation individuelle devant l’arbitre des griefs". Jurisprudence du travail 23, n. 2 (12 aprile 2005): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/027901ar.

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La Cour suprême reconnaît à un salarié le droit de participer personnellement à la procédure d'arbitrage, dans le cas où le syndicat accrédité doit y soutenir une position, allant à l'encontre de ses intérêts. L'obligation de représenter tous les salariés, qui incombe à l'association accréditée, peut-elle alors vraiment s'accommoder de ce souci d'accorder à l’individu l'occasion de faire valoir lui-même ses prétentions devant l’arbitre?

5

Boisrond, Yves. "Le congédiement dans le domaine scolaire". Revue générale de droit 17, n. 1-2 (1 maggio 2019): 315–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1059332ar.

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Les commissions scolaires ont le pouvoir et même le devoir de congédier les instituteurs qui enseignent dans les écoles relevant de leur juridiction pour des motifs bien déterminés par la Loi de l’instruction publique et par les conventions collectives signées par les parties en cause. Elles sont aussi tenues d’exercer ces pouvoirs dans le respect des règles de procédure qui sont établies à cet effet. Cependant tout instituteur congédié peut instituer un grief devant un tribunal d’arbitrage spécialisé dont la fonction est de contrôler la validité des motifs invoqués à l’appui du congédiement et de vérifier si la procédure tracée par la loi et la convention collective a été respectée.

6

Beaulieu, M. L. "La légalité du boycottage". Commentaires 17, n. 2 (29 gennaio 2014): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1021634ar.

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Sommaire Notre jurisprudence sur le boycottage vient de s'enrichir d'un arrêt de la Cour suprême. C'est l'affaire de Seafarers International Union of North America, Canadian District v. Joseph Stern (1). L'arrêt porte aussi sur une intéressante question de procédure : la portée de l'article 81a du Code de procédure (2) donnant un mode d'assignation de tout groupement de personnes associées pour la poursuite en commun de fins ou avantages d'ordre matériel, commercial ou professionnel, qui ne possède pas dans la province de personnalité civile collective et n'est pas une société au sens du Code civil. (1) (1961) S.C.R., p. 682. L'arrêt de la Cour d'appel est rapporté à 1960, B.R., p. 901. (2) A venir à la Loi 8-9 Eli. II, ch. 90, art. 6, votée à la session de 1959-1960, ce texte faisait partie de la Loi concernant certaines matières spéciales relatives à la procédure. S.R.Q. (1941), ch. 342, originairement la Loi favorisant l'exercice de certains droits, 2 Geo. VI, ch. 96, cotée en 1938.

7

Tremblay, Gérard. "Collective Agreements and Juridical Extension". Relations industrielles 7, n. 1-2 (27 febbraio 2014): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1023088ar.

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Summary After a brief outline of the historical evolution of the Collective Agreement Act since its adoption in 1934 and of the Labour Relations Act of 1944, the author examines in succession the contents, the authority and the application of these two laws. Both of them present certain difficulties in their application and thus cause differences in viewpoints between employers and employees. How can these differences be overcome ? There is the problem. The reader will find in this article a possible solution from the point of view of the law, union requirements and certain economic aspects, and two possible corrective measures that may be applied immediately.

8

Mariani-Riela, Marie-Christine. "La responsabilité des dirigeants lors de l’ouverture d’une procédure collective contre l’association". Revue internationale de l'économie sociale: Recma, n. 328 (2013): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1015532ar.

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El Hamouni, Ayoub. "La Nature des Sanctions des Dirigeants au Cours de la Procédure Collective". مجلة منازعات الأعمال 9, n. 67 (gennaio 2022): 162–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0060354.

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Niboyet, Marie-Laure. "Action collective pour la défense de l’environnement, mesure d’instruction in futurum , dans un contexte international". Revue critique de droit international privé N° 4, n. 4 (25 ottobre 2023): 749–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rcdip.224.0749.

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La qualité pour agir d’une association pour la défense d’un intérêt collectif en vue d’obtenir une mesure d’instruction sur le fondement de l’article 145 du code de procédure civile s’apprécie, non au regard de la loi étrangère applicable à l’action au fond, mais selon la loi du for en ce qui concerne les conditions d’exercice de l’action et selon la loi du groupement en ce qui concerne les limites de l’objet social dans lesquelles celle-ci est exercée.

11

Bottner, M. "A collective extension of relational grammar". Logic Journal of IGPL 6, n. 2 (1 marzo 1998): 175–793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/6.2.175.

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Landemore, Hélène, e Aude Bandini. "Pourquoi le grand nombre est plus intelligent que le petit nombre, et pourquoi il faut en tenir compte". Articles 40, n. 2 (10 marzo 2014): 283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1023698ar.

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Cet article présente les bases d’un argument épistémique en faveur de la démocratie définie comme procédure de décision collective. Il explore également les implications d’un tel argument épistémique par rapport à d’autres justifications établies de la démocratie, par rapport aux explications scientifiques de ses succès empiriques, et en termes de politiques publiques à mener. En ce qui concerne l’argument épistémique proprement dit, il repose sur le concept de « raison démocratique », autrement dit l’intelligence collective des individus dans le domaine politique, et propose, de manière contre-intuitive, que la raison démocratique est davantage tributaire de la diversitécognitive des individus qui prennent par aux décisions que de leurs aptitudes personnelles. Généralement, l’argument de la raison démocratique complète les arguments procéduraux basés sur l’équité et l’égalité pour offrir une explication fonctionnaliste complète de la démocratie. Pour finir, cet article défend l’idée de réformes institutionnelles favorisant la participation citoyenne dans le processus de prise de décision collective.

13

Urdarević, Bojan. "The extension of collective agreements as a way to promote collective bargaining". Strani pravni zivot, n. 2 (2021): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spz65-32376.

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Collective bargaining is a process of joint decision-making in which the social partners, representing the interests of their membership, try, in good faith, to determine the content and conclude the collective agreement. In this sense, collective bargaining is a way to resolve many issues related to the work process, to the satisfaction of all parties. In a context in which labour markets are characterized by inequality and uncertainty, the extension of the collective agreement is a key public policy instrument for the promotion of collective bargaining in general. However, certain principles must be represented to allow as many workers as possible to be covered by the extended effect of the collective agreement. These principles are set out in Collective Agreements Recommendation no. 91 of International Labour Organization and need to be followed to ensure respect for the free and voluntary nature of collective bargaining. With the fourth industrial revolution, the world of work changed radically, but the institute of the extended effect of the collective agreement can offer some answers to new circumstances, such as the increase of flexible forms of work and employment, migrant workers, or posted workers.

14

Benedeková, Monika, e Monika Čambáliková. "Sectoral Collective Bargaining in Slovakia: Benefits and Limits". Politické vedy 26, n. 1 (1 giugno 2023): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24040/politickevedy.2023.26.1.26-38.

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The main goal of the study is to analyse the sectoral social dialogue in the system of social dialogue, with an emphasis on its practical functioning and the extension of sectoral collective agreements (KZVS) in Slovakia. The main research method is content analysis of sectoral collective agreements in Slovakia, analysis of the process of their extension, including changes in the relevant legislation. The paper analyses the causes of stagnation and limitations of sectoral negotiations in Slovakia and points to possible solutions that, through sectoral collective agreements and their extension, could contribute to fulfilling the potential and benefits of the effective functioning of social dialogue in Slovakia.

15

Shudra, Tamar. "Collective Bargaining". Journal of Contemporary Law 1, n. 1 (10 novembre 2019): 139–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31578/jcl.v1i1.39.

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The Association Agreement concluded in 2014 by and between the European Union and theEuropean Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, on the one part, and Georgia onthe other part, obliges Georgian Government to respect, promote and realize in its law andpractice the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining. The research aims atemphasizing the main aspects promoting the effective recognition of the right to collectivebargaining.The research highlights the necessity of establishing the notion of “extension” of a collectiveagreement and stating the mandatory and voluntary issues of collective bargaining on thestatutory level, as an effective means for protecting employees’ interests. Additionally, theresearch considers the mechanism of collective bargaining as a token of the commonwealth andthe economic stability of the country and evaluates its impact on the prevention and settlement ofcollective disputes. Consequently, it is aimed at detecting the shortcomings of the presentGeorgian law and to propose possible ways of improvement

16

Pärnits, Kadi. "Legal Regulation of Representativeness and the Extension of Collective Agreements in Estonia". International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 30, Issue 4 (1 dicembre 2014): 483–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2014027.

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This article examines how the Estonian legal regulation of the implementation of collective agreements could be improved in order to secure a new role for these agreements, in response to the changing nature of labour relations. In particular, the article seeks to identify the changes in the regulation of collective agreements that could be introduced to extend their coverage and improve the representativeness of the parties. Since the representativeness of the parties is particularly important in enhancing the regulation and legal certainty of collective agreements, updating the regulation of extension clauses of collective agreements would contribute to the modernization of industrial relations. These topics are of great interest in the debate about collective labour law in Estonia, and the article concludes with some proposals for the improvement of the present regulations.

17

Caillaud, Pascal, e Anne-Chantal Dubernet. "Valeurs sociale et juridique du diplôme : à propos des qualifications professionnelles dans la métallurgie". L’Orientation scolaire et professionnelle 28, n. 1 (1999): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/binop.1999.1269.

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En prenant l’exemple de la convention collective de la métallurgie, cet article a pour objet de contribuer à une réflexion sur les modes de construction et d’application des règles attribuant aux diplômes une valeur salariale et qualifiante dans l’emploi. Après une analyse juridique de l’accord qui régit l’accueil et la classification des salariés dans ce secteur et, principalement, de la place du diplôme dans cette procédure, sont rapportés les résultats d’une enquête portant sur la réalité des embauches dans une entreprise particulière, lieu où l’employeur décide seul des critères de recrutement. À partir de la confrontation de ces analyses juridique et sociologique, il s’agit de montrer que le diplôme est un signe qui agit différemment selon qu’il est considéré comme une notion générale ou un attribut individuel.

18

Murtin, Fabrice, Alain de Serres e Alexander Hijzen. "Unemployment and the coverage extension of collective wage agreements". European Economic Review 71 (ottobre 2014): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2014.06.010.

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Hartmann, O., M. Kühnemann, T. Rauber e G. Rünger. "An adaptive extension library for improving collective communication operations". Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 20, n. 10 (luglio 2008): 1173–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpe.1263.

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Tremblay, Gérard. "Conventions collectives et extension juridique". Relations industrielles 7, n. 1-2 (27 febbraio 2014): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1023092ar.

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Sommaire Après avoir brièvement fait l'exposé de l'évolution historique de la Loi de la convention collective depuis son adoption en 1934 et de la Loi des relations ouvrières de 1944, l'auteur examine successivement la matière, l'autorité et l'application de ces deux lois. Toutes deux présentent des difficultés de fait dans leur application et amènent ainsi des divergences de vue patronales-ouvrières. Comment concilier ces deux régimes ? Là réside le problème. Le lecteur trouvera dans cet article une solution possible envisagée en regard de la loi, des nécessités syndicales et de certains aspects économiques et deux remèdes d'application immédiate possible.

21

Meyer, Brett, e Thomas Biegert. "The conditional effect of technological change on collective bargaining coverage". Research & Politics 6, n. 1 (gennaio 2019): 205316801882395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053168018823957.

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Recent work in labor economics has shown that technological change has induced labor market polarization, an increase in demand for both high and low skill jobs, but declining demand for middle skill routine task jobs. We argue that labor market polarization should affect firms’ participation in collective agreements, but only in countries where laws automatically extending collective agreements to nonparticipating firms are weak. We develop an argument in which labor market polarization increases the distance between different skill groups of workers in both preferences for unionization and leverage to realize those preferences. Because of this, an increase in labor market polarization should be associated with a decline in collective bargaining coverage. We test our hypothesis about collective agreement extension and collective bargaining coverage in a cross-national sample of 21 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries from 1970 to 2010 and our hypothesis about labor market polarization in German firm-level and industry-level data from 1993–2007. We find a negative relationship in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development sample between technological change and collective bargaining coverage only in countries that make little or no use of extension procedures. We find that higher workforce skill polarization is associated with lower collective agreement participation in both German firm-level and industry-level samples.

22

García Calavia, Miguel Ángel, e Michael Rigby. "The extension of collective agreements in France, Portugal and Spain". Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 26, n. 4 (novembre 2020): 399–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258920970131.

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This article examines the role of extension provisions for collective agreements in France, Portugal and Spain, three countries that have faced pressure to introduce more flexibility in their employment regimes during recent economic crises. The article establishes the continuing importance of extension provisions for maintaining high bargaining coverage in all three countries and traces the origin of national differences in their evolution to the strategies of the various actors, governments, employers and trade unions, and the context in which they are operating. It also looks at the characteristics of the extension regulations themselves. Cet article examine le rôle des mécanismes d’extension des accords collectifs en France, au Portugal et en Espagne, trois pays qui ont été contraints d’introduire plus de flexibilité dans leurs régimes d’emploi durant les récentes crises économiques. L’article établit l’importance constante des dispositifs d’extension pour maintenir une couverture de négociation élevée dans ces trois pays et retrace l’origine des différences nationales dans leur évolution par rapport aux stratégies des différents acteurs, gouvernements, employeurs et syndicats, et au contexte dans lequel ils fonctionnent. Il examine également les caractéristiques des règles d’extension proprement dites. Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht die Regelungen für die Ausweitung von Tarifverträgen in Frankreich, Portugal und Spanien. In diesen drei Ländern gibt es Forderungen nach mehr Flexibilität in der Gestaltung von Arbeitsverträgen vor dem Hintergrund der Wirtschaftskrisen der letzten Jahre. Der Artikel beschreibt die unverminderte Bedeutung dieser Ausweitungsregelungen für den Erhalt eines hohen Deckungsgrades von Tarifverträgen in allen drei Ländern und geht den Ursachen für unterschiedliche nationale Entwicklungen entsprechend den Strategien der einzelnen Akteure, Regierungen, Arbeitgeber und Gewerkschaften in ihrem jeweiligen Handlungskontext nach. Der Artikel befasst sich ebenfalls mit den Merkmalen der verschiedenen Ausweitungsregelungen.

23

Agarwal, Nitin, e Faysal Ahmed. "Developing collective learning extension for rapidly evolving information system courses". Education and Information Technologies 22, n. 1 (15 aprile 2015): 7–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10639-015-9394-4.

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Schubert, Claudia, e Laura Schmitt. "Collective working conditions for everyone?! – Collective provisions with erga omnes effect and statutory extension of collective agreements from a German law perspective". European Labour Law Journal 11, n. 2 (9 dicembre 2019): 154–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2031952519891179.

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Not only in Germany but in many European states the level of coverage by collective agreements is declining. Since collective bargaining autonomy is based on the principle of voluntary membership, one of its weaknesses lies in the declining degree of organisation on both the employers’ and the employees’ side. In the long term, weak unions cannot ensure fair working conditions. As a result, collective bargaining agreements lose their inherent warranty of correctness. In the legal policy discussion, this has led to calls for the legislator. In response, in 2014 the German legislature passed the ‘Act to Strengthen the Autonomy of Collective Bargaining’ ( Tarifautonomiestärkungsgesetz) to lower the requirements for the extension of collective agreements and to introduce a national minimum wage. As this has not led to significant improvements, there are further-reaching proposals for the statutory extension of collective agreements. The extension of collective bargaining agreements to non-members does not strengthen the social partnership on the employee side. However, it is a legitimate means to avoid a race to the bottom in competing for the lowest social standard; extensions help in creating common labour standards as long as a sufficient margin is maintained for the social partners to negotiate sector-specific regulations and to shape working conditions. A legal system, which is based on rights of freedom and does not consider the freedom of association to be a solely goal-orientated right, offers limited options to strengthen the social partners through legislation. Extensions become increasingly difficult to justify, the higher the existing level of legal protection. Especially in countries with minimum wage legislation and a large amount of employee protection legislation the justification requirements increase. However, at least in Germany, to date the judiciary has not sufficiently considered these aspects. Even though international laws leave substantial freedoms to the states, all legal systems that are based on a strong and vital social partnership should be interested in obtaining and protecting the plurality of collective bargaining agreements. They should only lay down limits, where there are tendencies of eroding solidarity among workforces due to the parallel existence of several collective bargaining agreements. The associations themselves possess limited resources for extending their member base. Still, the more the individual can gain from association membership, the more likely employees and employers are to join their respective associations. Therefore, the state should demonstrate restraint regarding the regulation of labour conditions. However, such restraint will prove difficult for welfare states. Their governments will most likely opt to eliminate deficiencies through legislation, even at the price of further weakening collective bargaining autonomy. Compared to extensions, legal provisions have the disadvantage of being too general and less flexible because of the much slower adaptation process. Therefore, the main argument in favour of extensions is that they facilitate the differentiation of mandatory working conditions. To ensure their legitimation, a number of design options can be considered. Regarding this, neither European nor international law impose high requirements but existing differences between national legal systems demand custom-fit solutions.

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Hess, Klaus Th, Anett Liewald e Klaus D. Schmidt. "An Extension of Panjer's Recursion". ASTIN Bulletin 32, n. 2 (novembre 2002): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.32.2.1030.

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AbstractSundt and Jewell have shown that a nondegenerate claim number distribution Q = {qn}nϵN0 satisfies the recursionfor all n≥0 if and only if Q is a binomial, Poisson or negativebinomial distribution. This recursion is of interest since it yields a recursion for the aggregate claims distribution in the collective model of risk theory when the claim size distribution is integer-valued as well. A similar characterization of claim number distributions satisfying the above recursion for all n ≥ 1 has been obtained by Willmot. In the present paper we extend these results and the subsequent recursion for the aggregate claims distribution to the case where the recursion holds for all n ≥ k with arbitrary k. Our results are of interest in catastrophe excess-of-loss reinsurance.

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HAFFRAY, P., C. PINCENT, P. RAULT e B. COUDURIER. "Domestication et amélioration génétique des cheptels piscicoles français dans le cadre du SYSAAF". INRAE Productions Animales 17, n. 3 (29 luglio 2004): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2004.17.3.3598.

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Depuis 1991, des entreprises françaises sélectionnent la truite arc-en-ciel, la truite fario, le bar, la daurade et le turbot. Les éleveurs ont développé une expertise collective en matière de génétique quantitative, de contrôle de parenté assisté par empreintes génétiques, de monosexage, d’induction hormonale de la ponte, de triploïdisation et de conservation et congélation des gamètes, dans le cadre du Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français (SYSAAF). Cette domestication s’appuie sur le transfert de la procédure de sélection sur la croissance PROSPER, élaborée par l’INRA, complétée de critères de sélection sur la qualité des carcasses (teneur en lipides des filets, rendement à l’éviscération) et d’une reproduction généalogique assistée par empreintes génétiques. L’amélioration des carcasses et de la chair est aussi réalisée par monosexage et triploïdisation. Depuis 2000, le transfert de la congélation du sperme est effectif. En 2003, entre 80 % et 100 % de la production française bénéficie de juvéniles provenant de programmes de sélection.

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Blazy, Régis. "Modifications de comportement précédant la défaillance d’entreprise: l’impact des cessions d’actifs sur la relation de crédit". Recherches économiques de Louvain 65, n. 2 (1999): 225–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800083767.

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RésuméLe processus de défaillance d’une entreprise, lorsqu’il résulte d’une dégradation de ses performances économiques, est affecté par les règles de partage qui prendront place en cas de liquidation. Il existe notamment, en cas de dégradation continue des résultats, des incitations conduisant l’entreprise à réduire son potentiel de croissance, par cession prématurée des actifs, afin de préserver la confiance de ses partenaires. Ce type de comportement, en retardant le défaut de paiement, risque d’accroître l’insuffisance d’actif et, par voie de conséquence, réduire le taux de recouvrement des créances. Néanmoins, en cas de difficultés temporaires, la politique de cession prématurée des actifs peut constituer un outil stratégique efficace contre le refus de prèt. Les résultats d’une enquète menée auprès du Tribunal de Commerce de Paris entre 1993 et 1995 (données de 1991) confirment l’existence de telles cessions d’actifs : en retardant le déclenchement de la procédure collective, elles constituent un obstacle au redressement des entreprises.

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Carpentier, Chantal. "Comment l’Union européenne en est-elle venue à cautionner la sécession monténégrine ?" Études internationales 38, n. 4 (23 giugno 2008): 523–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018276ar.

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Résumé Le Monténégro, dernier des ex-États fédérés yougoslaves à n’avoir pas fait sécession, réclamait l’exercice de ce droit consacré sur le plan régional européen par la Communauté européenne. C’est que celle-ci, par le simple biais de la procédure de la reconnaissance collective, était parvenue à faire admettre qu’un État fédéral puisse se dissoudre de fait. Cette possibilité impliquait donc l’existence pour les États fédérés d’un droit conditionnel de faire sécession dans le respect des frontières héritées de l’État fédéral. L’ue a donc, faute de mieux, usé de la promesse d’adhésion comme d’un soft power afin de faire inscrire le droit de sécession du Monténégro dans la Constitution fédérale, rendant par là inutile toute référence à un droit internationalement garanti et potentiellement déstabilisateur, puis elle a surveillé l’exercice de ce droit pour en authentifier le résultat. Le Monténégro, nouvel État « labellisé » par ses soins, est par conséquent rapidement devenu le 192e État membre de l’onu.

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NISHIYAMA, SEIYA. "EXACT CANONICALLY CONJUGATE MOMENTA APPROACH TO AN SU(N) QUANTUM SYSTEM". International Journal of Modern Physics A 13, n. 32 (30 dicembre 1998): 5535–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x98002523.

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The collective field formalism by Jevicki and Sakita is a useful approach to the problem of treating general planar diagrams involved in an SU (N) symmetric quantum system. To approach this problem, standing on the Tomonaga spirit we also previously developed a collective description of an SU (N) symmetric Hamiltonian. However, this description has the following difficulties: (i) Collective momenta associated with the time derivatives of collective variables are not exact canonically conjugate to the collective variables; (ii) The collective momenta are not independent of each other. We propose exact canonically conjugate momenta to the collective variables with the aid of the integral equation method developed by Sunakawa et al. A set of exact canonical variables which are derived by the first quantized language is regarded as a natural extension of the Sunakawa et al.'s to the case for the SU (N) symmetric quantum system. A collective Hamiltonian is represented in terms of the exact canonical variables up to the order of [Formula: see text].

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Zanetti-Polzi, Laura, Stefano Corni, Isabella Daidone e Andrea Amadei. "Extending the essential dynamics analysis to investigate molecular properties: application to the redox potential of proteins". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, n. 27 (2016): 18450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp03394f.

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Farnoux, Étienne. "Exequatur à « toutes fins utiles » d’une sentence arbitrale rendue à l’étranger dans le contexte d’une procédure collective ouverte en France". Revue critique de droit international privé N° 1, n. 1 (28 marzo 2022): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rcdip.221.0063.

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Fortunato, Santo, Jari Saramäki e Jukka-Pekka Onnela. "Adding network structure onto the map of collective behavior". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, n. 1 (febbraio 2014): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13001726.

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AbstractWe propose an extension to the map of Bentley et al. by incorporating an aspect of underlying network structure that is likely relevant for many modes of collective behavior. This dimension, which captures a feature of network community structure, is known both from theory and from experiments to be relevant for decision-making processes.

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PRÓCHNIAK, L. "COLLECTIVE QUADRUPOLE EXCITATIONS WITHIN A SELF-CONSISTENT APPROACH". International Journal of Modern Physics E 15, n. 02 (marzo 2006): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301306004247.

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Low energy quadrupole collective excitations are investigated using a model based on the Adiabatic Time Dependent HFB theory. Distinctive feature of proposed method is an extension of the collective space by adding variables referring to pairing degrees of freedom. In the microscopic part of the model effective Skyrme interaction and constant G pairing force are employed. Calculated energy levels and B(E2) transition probabilities in the 128 Xe nucleus are compared with the experimental data.

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Hajn, Zbigniew. "The Concept of Employer and the Extension of the Subjective (Ratione Personae) Scope of Collective Labour Law". Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica 95 (30 marzo 2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.95.02.

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In accordance with the changes in the provisions of the collective labour law in force since January 1, 2019, an employer within their meaning is also an organizational unit without civil law subjectivity, if it employs work contractors engaged in paid work engaged in paid work other than employees. This leads to the dualism of the notion and legal construction of the entity employing non-employee contractors on the basis of individual and collective relations. In individual legal relations, the entity employing contractors on the basis of civil law contracts may only be a civil law entity. On the other hand, in collective labour relations, organizational unit without civil law capacity may be regarded as their employer. The purpose of this study is to give the reasons for the thesis that such regulation leads to legal confusion, and the most appropriate way to remove it is to link the employer’s subjectivity with civil law subjectivity in individual and collective labour law.

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Xu, Chen Guang, Dong Xiao Liu e Min Li. "Extension of VIKOR Method for Multi-Attribute Group Decision Making with Incomplete Weights". Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (febbraio 2014): 721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.721.

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In this paper, we First utilize the induced interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy hybrid averaging (I-IIFHA) operator to aggregate all individual interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy decision matrices provided by the decision makers into a collective interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy decision matrix. Based on the basic ideal of traditional VIKOR method, we establish an optimization model to determine the weights of attributes. Then, calculation steps based on the collective interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy decision matrix and traditional VIKOR method for solving the MAGDM problems with interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy assessments and partially known weight information are given. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach.

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Hebbert, Michael. "The Street as Locus of Collective Memory". Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 23, n. 4 (agosto 2005): 581–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d55j.

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In discussing the role of streets and urban spaces as a locus of collective memory, I draw a distinction between overt commemoration of public memory and the accumulation of group memories in the setting of the everyday street. Community struggles over postwar street clearances stimulated interest in the physical layout of the public realm as a gestalt for shared memory, a theme of earlier work on memory and urbanism by Maurice Halbwachs. I show how Aldo Rossi and colleagues put the concept onto a practical footing by making morphological analysis the basis for urban infill, repair, and extension, most ambitiously and controversially in the ‘critical reconstruction’ of modern Berlin.

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Purnhagen, Kai. "United We Stand, Divided We Fall?: Collective Redress in the EU". European Review of Private Law 21, Issue 2 (1 marzo 2013): 479–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2013024.

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Abstract: The lack of harmonized collective redress mechanisms in EU civil procedural law results in a substantial increase of litigation risks for insurers. The right to a fair trial, as well as the effect utile, enables the EU to introduce collective redress mechanisms under certain conditions. The doctrine of implied powers, Article 114 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), as well as Article 81 TFEU, can serve as competence norms in this respect. The introduction of harmonized rules on collective redress mechanisms is hence desirable from the perspective of European insurance law. To cope with the newly emerging risks, insurers have amended certain practices: In order to avoid litigation risks, the insurance industry requires establishing a steady communication strategy with private intermediaries, who have a special standing in collective redress mechanisms. Insurers might amend their insurance policies in order to cope with these risks. The development of a new insurance product coping with the special litigation challenges from collective redress procedures is advisable. Résumé: L'absence de mécanismes harmonisés de recours collectif en droit européen de la procédure civile augmente les risques de litige pour les assureurs à un niveau guère gérable. Le droit à un procès équitable, tout comme l'effet utile du droit de l'Union, permettent à cette dernière, dans certaines conditions, d'introduire des mécanismes de recours collectif. En vertu de la doctrine des pouvoirs implicites, les articles 114 et 81 TFUE pourraient servir de base juridique à la compétence de l'Union dans ce domaine. L'introduction de règles harmonisées relatives aux recours collectifs apparait ainsi souhaitable du point de vue du droit européen des assurances. Pour faire face aux nouveaux risques émergents liés à l'incitation de l'utilisation des recours collectifs, les professionnels de l'assurance doivent modifier certaines de leurs pratiques. Afin d'éviter les risques de litige, l'industrie de l'assurance doit recourir à une stratégie de communication constante avec les intermédiaires privés qui jouent un rôle-clef dans le cadre des mécanismes de recours collectifs. Les assureurs devraient modifier leurs polices d'assurance pour prendre en compte ces risques. Le développement d'un nouveau produit d'assurance prenant en considération les défis, en termes de litige, soulevés par les recours collectifs est préconisé.

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Brustein, Ram, e Burt A. Ovrut. "Nonperturbative Effects in 2D String Theory or, Beyond the Liouville Wall". International Journal of Modern Physics A 12, n. 20 (10 agosto 1997): 3477–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x9700181x.

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We discuss continuous and discrete sectors in the collective field theory of D = 1 matrix models. A canonical Lorentz-invariant field theory extension of collective field theory is presented and its classical solutions in Euclidean and Minkowski space are found. We show that the discrete, low density sector of collective field theory includes single eigenvalue Euclidean instantons which tunnel between different vacua of the extended theory. We further show that these "stringy" instantons induce nonperturbative effective operators of strength [Formula: see text] in the extended theory. The relationship of the world sheet description of string theory and Liouville theory to the effective space–time theory is explained. We also comment on the role of the discrete, low density, sector of collective field theory in that framework.

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Ha, Seung-Yeal, Myeongju Kang e Hansol Park. "Collective behaviors of the Lohe Hermitian sphere model with inertia". Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis 20, n. 7-8 (2021): 2613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/cpaa.2021046.

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<p style="text-indent:20px;">We present a second-order extension of the first-order Lohe Hermitian sphere (LHS) model and study its emergent asymptotic dynamics. Our proposed model incorporates an inertial effect as a second-order extension. The inertia term can generate an oscillatory behavior of particle trajectory in a small time interval(initial layer) which causes a technical difficulty for the application of monotonicity-based arguments. For emergent estimates, we employ two-point correlation function which is defined as an inner product between positions of particles. For a homogeneous ensemble with the same frequency matrix, we provide two sufficient frameworks in terms of system parameters and initial data to show that two-point correlation functions tend to the unity which is exactly the same as the complete aggregation. In contrast, for a heterogeneous ensemble with distinct frequency matrices, we provide a sufficient framework in terms of system parameters and initial data, which makes two-point correlation functions be close to unity by increasing the principal coupling strength.</p>

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Iqbal Al-Banna Ismail, Muhammad, Sukono ., Abdul Talib BIN Bon, Yuyun Hidayat, Eman Lesmana e Sudradjat Supian. "Geometric-Gamma Collective Modified Value-at-Risk Model in Life Insurance Risk". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n. 3.20 (1 settembre 2018): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.20.20574.

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Claim risk is a payment made by the insurance company to the policyholder. Actuaries in insurance companies should be able to measure and control the risk of claims, in order to avoid losses to insurance companies. In this paper we analyze the Geometric-Gamma Collective Modified Value-at-Risk model in life insurance risk. In this research, there is a development of claim risk measure called Collective Modified Value-at-Risk, which is an extension of Collective Risk model. This Collective Modified Value-at-Risk model requires estimation of the mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis parameters. The result of this research, is that the extent of this model can be applied to the risk of claims amount of non-normal distributed. Thus, the Collective Modified Value-at-Risk model can serve as one of the statistical alternatives for measuring the risk of claims on life insurance.

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Hijzen, Alexander, e Pedro Martins. "No Extension without Representation? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Collective Bargaining". IMF Working Papers 16, n. 143 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498380508.001.

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Tada, M., e C. P. Heisenberg. "Convergent extension: using collective cell migration and cell intercalation to shape embryos". Development 139, n. 21 (9 ottobre 2012): 3897–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.073007.

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HEUMANN, DIRK, MARTIN GREINER, WERNER SCHEID e GÜNTHER BRAUNSS. "EXTENSION OF THE SPIN-DEPENDENT GENERALIZED COLLECTIVE MODEL TO EVEN-ODD NUCLEI WITH SPIN 1/2 AND 5/2". International Journal of Modern Physics E 03, n. 04 (dicembre 1994): 1203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301394000371.

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The Spin-dependent Generalized Collective Model, derived from a linearized collective Schrödinger equation in quadrupole coordinates, describes nuclei with spin 3/2 in the ground state. In this paper, we extend this model to arbitrary half-integer spins and apply it to even-odd nuclei with spins 1/2 and 5/2.

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Wood, Emma Harriet, e Maarit Kinnunen. "Emotion, memory and re-collective value: shared festival experiences". International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 32, n. 3 (23 marzo 2020): 1275–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-05-2019-0488.

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Purpose This study aims to explore how emotionally rich collective experiences create lasting, shareable memories, which influence future behaviours. In particular, the role of others and of music in creating value through memories is considered using the concept of socially extended emotions. Design/methodology/approach Over 250 narratives were gathered from festival attendees in the UK and Finland. Respondents completed a writing task detailing their most vivid memories, what made them memorable, their feelings at the time and as they remembered them, and how they shared them. The narratives were then analysed thematically. Findings Collective emotion continues to be co-created long after the experience through memory-sharing. The music listened to is woven through this extension of the experience but is, surprisingly, not a critical part of it. The sociality of the experience is remembered most and was key to the memories shared afterwards. The added value of gathering memorable moments, and being able to share them with others, is clearly evidenced. Practical implications The study highlights the importance of designing events to create collective emotional moments that form lasting memories. This emphasizes the role of post-experience marketing and customer relationship building to enhance the value that is created customer-to-customer via memory sharing. Originality/value The research addresses the lack of literature exploring post-event experience journeys and the collective nature of these. It also deepens a theoretical understanding of the role of time and sociality in the co-creation and extension of emotions and their value in hospitality consumption. A model is proposed to guide future research.

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Lachapelle, Guy. "Le procès en destitution du président Bill Clinton". Hors thème 19, n. 2-3 (19 novembre 2008): 215–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/040231ar.

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Résumé Cet article cherche à saisir les principaux déterminants de la crise constitutionnelle qui a entouré le procès en destitution du président Clinton. Quatre principaux facteurs expliquent la durée du procès et l’acharnement politique des procureurs républicains. Premièrement, l’imprécision de la Constitution américaine quant à la nature des délits rendant passible de destitution offrait un terrain propice à la confrontation. Deuxièmement, la procédure de destitution n’est qu’un moyen détourné offert au législatif pour contrôler le pouvoir de l’exécutif. Troisièmement, la nature du mandat du procureur indépendant et son extension à la vie privée du président peuvent rendre le judiciaire perméable aux pressions politiques. Quatrièmement, ce procès aura révélé que le concept de « privilèges de l’exécutif » n’existe pas. Le président n’est pas au-delà de tout soupçon. Le contrôle de l’opinion publique et l’utilisation des médias sont devenus des éléments stratégiques pour les deux camps. Le pouvoir de persuasion de la présidence devenait d’ailleurs le seul outil de le Maison-Blanche pour contrecarrer les actions des procureurs républicains. Ce procès a contribué à affaiblir le pouvoir présidentiel.

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SAVADOGO, Zo¨ınabo, KAMBIRE Koumbebare e Sougoursi Jean Yves ZARE. "Extension of the ELECTRE II method to group decision-making". International Journal of Applied Mathematical Research 11, n. 2 (19 gennaio 2023): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijamr.v11i2.32198.

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Multi-criteria decision support has long been treated in a single-decision maker framework . It seems that a decision made by a single decision-maker does not reflect reality . There are multi-criteria group decision support methods in the literature . In order to find a collective aggregation method fulfilling good properties , we have in this work , used the median and the quadratic mean to make the Extension of ELECTRE II (EE-II) to the group decision . We have made numerical applications and we have obtained interesting results .

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Godino, Alejandro, e Oscar Molina. "The industrial relations chameleon: collective bargaining in the facility management business". Employee Relations: The International Journal 44, n. 7 (16 dicembre 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-12-2020-0526.

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PurposeThe paper aims to analyze collective bargaining in the facility management business of these six countries to explore similarities and differences between them. The analysis serves to test the differential impact of the national institutional setting on the protection provided by collective agreements to facility management workers.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts a case study methodology to approach a facility management multinational company providing services in six European countries (France, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland, Spain and the UK) that represent different industrial relations systems with variance in key dimensions of collective bargaining, including its structure, coverage and extension of agreements.FindingsThe extension of the facility management business model has not always adopted a high-road strategy aimed at enhancing the quality and efficiency through the integrated management and delivery of services, which is expected to positively impact employment conditions. Rather, it has, in many cases, been a deliberate, low-road attempt to undercut working standards, taking advantage of the multiple services provided by the company in a context of growing de-centralization in collective bargaining. The results point to an important role of industrial relations institutions in shaping facility management strategies and outcomes.Originality/valueSimilar to other forms of outsourcing, facility management leads to fragmented employment relations. However, the concentration of outsourced workers under the same supplier organization introduces opportunities to ensure the protection of workers, depending on the adoption of a high- or low-road competitive strategy. This paper provides for the first time comparative evidence about industrial relations in facility management businesses, a largely under-researched area.

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Silvert, Colby, John Diaz, Laura Warner e Willis Ochieng. "To work alone or with peers: Exploring smallholder coffee farmers’ perceptions influencing collective actions". Advancements in Agricultural Development 2, n. 2 (18 maggio 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37433/aad.v2i2.95.

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This study examines how smallholder coffee farmers’ perceptions may influence their engagement in peer mobilization and collective action. Forty smallholder coffee farmers were interviewed in the Central Highlands region of Peru using a closed-ended instrument. The sample of smallholder farmers was achieved using purposive and snowball sampling methods. Quantitative data on farmers’ attitudes and aspirations regarding working with peers, autonomy, and external support as well as knowledge, skills, and behaviors pertinent to collective actions were collected and analyzed using descriptive and correlational procedures. Key findings indicate farmers perceive a need for external support, feel there are benefits of collective actions, and aspire to work with their peers. Based on the findings, it is recommended that practitioners and farmer group leaders focus training efforts on building smallholders’ knowledge and skills in mobilization, encourage peer association/collective action as a source of external support, and target knowledgeable, skilled and confident farmers to lead collective actions. This study has implications to bolster support for farmer-to-farmer extension and technical assistance systems and inform the identification of leader farmers.

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Barrière, François. "La fiducie-sûreté en droit français". McGill Law Journal 58, n. 4 (23 ottobre 2013): 869–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019048ar.

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Lorsque la situation financière devient tendue, que l’octroi de crédit se fait plus difficile, que la situation économique se détériore, que les risques de recouvrement des créances augmentent, l’intérêt d’une sûreté efficace en faveur du prêteur apparaît encore plus nettement que d’habitude. La sûreté-propriété constituée par la fiducie devrait donc paraître comme un moyen idoine d’apporter la sécurité recherchée par les prêteurs et participer ainsi à fluidifier le circuit du crédit, voire à faciliter certaines restructurations d’entreprises. Mais l’intérêt du débiteur en « faillite » ne doit pas être négligé non plus et l’objectif de sauvegarde de l’entreprise en difficulté avec la sécurité attachée à la sûreté doit être concilié. L’intérêt de la fiducie-sûreté est triple. D’abord, le créancier est particulièrement bien protégé grâce à l’exclusivité du droit de propriété qui lui est transférée. Ensuite, la constitution d’une telle sûreté est aisée. Enfin, la réalisation de la fiducie-sûreté en période de procédure collective offre un régime avantageux à son bénéficiaire. Cette sûreté pourrait donc, indépendamment de périodes de crise du crédit, se développer de manière notable. La fiducie-sûreté nommée pourrait-elle alors devenir reine des sûretés ?

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Lurie, Lilach. "Occupational Welfare in Israel: A Study of Collective Agreements and Benefits". International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 36, Issue 3 (1 settembre 2020): 281–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2020013.

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Welfare regimes differ in how they supply social benefits such as pensions, disability allowances, and unemployment funding. In several regimes, the social partners – employee unions and employers’ associations – provide social benefits for workers. These regimes promote occupational welfare. This article aims to study the advantages and limitations of occupational welfare through the case study of Israel – a country in which the social partners promote occupational welfare by means of collective agreements. It examines the ways collective agreements – directly and indirectly – advance occupational welfare in Israel. The research includes a quantitative study of all collective agreements concluded in Israel in the period 1957-2016 and a qualitative study of Israeli collective agreements at the national level. The study shows that although Israel’s social partners lost much of their power during this period, they are still able to promote occupational welfare, and that Israeli social partners promote innovative workplace policies through collective agreements. Several occupational welfare arrangements first introduced in collective agreements were later extended through legislation or extension orders to all Israeli workers. Without collective bargaining, important occupational welfare benefits might have not been introduced. However, state legislation was needed to fix the flaws of these arrangements, including enforcement problems and lack of coverage of the self-employed. Occupational Welfare, Social Welfare, Collective Agreements, Employee Unions, the Social Partners, Pension, Disability Benefits, Minimum Wage, Israel

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