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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Exposome urbain"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 29 marzo 2025

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1

Deguen, Séverine, Pauline Vasseur e Wahida Kihal-Talantikite. "Inégalités sociétales et exposome urbain". médecine/sciences 38, n. 1 (gennaio 2022): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2021149.

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Les études épidémiologiques sont nombreuses aujourd’hui à révéler l’association entre des facteurs d’exposition environnementale et des problèmes de santé, aigus comme chroniques, survenant à différents stades de la vie. Citons, par exemple, l’exposition à la pollution de l’air associée à de nombreuses infections respiratoires, maladies cardiovasculaires et à certaines issues défavorables de la grossesse. L’exposition aux nuisances sonores est également reconnue comme pouvant augmenter le risque de maladies cardiovasculaires et perturber la qualité du sommeil. Inversement, l’accès à certaines ressources et leur disponibilité, comme les parcs, les aires de jeux, ou les espaces verts, sont associés à un meilleur état de santé, de bien-être physique et psychique et à des comportements favorables à la santé. Dans cette Synthèse, nous nous intéresserons plus particulièrement à l’exposome dit « urbain », défini par Robinson et al. comme l’ensemble des éléments de l’environnement urbain favorables et défavorables à la santé, et ce, dès la vie in utero [1].

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Biedermann, Zoltán. "Colombo versus Cannanore: Contrasting Structures of Two Colonial Port Cities (1500-1700)". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 52, n. 3 (2009): 413–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852009x458214.

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AbstractThis article compares the urban structures of early modern Colombo and Cannanore, two South Asian port cities controlled by the Portuguese during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and taken over by the Dutch in 1656 and 1663. It is argued that, whereas Cannanore was an urban complex marked by a set of walls that separated ethnically and religiously distinct neighborhoods, Colombo, less influenced by regulations emanating from Lisbon and Goa and more exposed to local politics in an unusual historical and military context, developed into a more integrated city surrounded by a single external wall. Although, after the Dutch takeover, Cannanore's urban structure did not change much, Colombo's, on the other hand, was entirely transformed. These contrasts draw our attention to the complexity of urban developments in the colonial contexts of South Asia between 1500 and 1700. Cet article compare les structures urbaines, à l'époque moderne, de Colombo et de Cannanore, deux villes portuaires sud-asiatiques contrôlées par les Portugais aux XVIe-XVIIe siècles puis, à partir de 1656 et 1663 respectivement, par les Hollandais. Tandis que Cannanore était un complexe urbain marqué par des murs séparant les uns des autres les quartiers habités par des groupes ethniques et religieux différent, Colombo, moins influencée par les régulations issues de Lisbonne et de Goa et plus exposée aux influences politiques locales dans un contexte historique et militaire particulier, devint une ville plus intégrative encadrée par une seule ligne de remparts. Après la conquête hollandaise, les structures urbaines furent peu altérées à Cannanore, mais entièrement transformée à Colombo en vue d'une organisation ségrégative de l'espace. Ces attitudes contrastées servent à nous alerter sur la complexité des développements urbains dans les contextes coloniaux d'Asie du Sud entre 1500 et 1700.

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Andrianou, Xanthi D., Chava van der Lek, Pantelis Charisiadis, Solomon Ioannou, Kalliopi N. Fotopoulou, Zoe Papapanagiotou, George Botsaris, Carijn Beumer e Konstantinos C. Makris. "Application of the urban exposome framework using drinking water and quality of life indicators: a proof-of-concept study in Limassol, Cyprus". PeerJ 7 (24 maggio 2019): e6851. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6851.

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Background Cities face rapid changes leading to increasing inequalities and emerging public health issues that require cost-effective interventions. The urban exposome concept refers to the continuous monitoring of urban environmental and health indicators using the city and smaller intra-city areas as measurement units in an interdisciplinary approach that combines qualitative and quantitative methods from social sciences, to epidemiology and exposure assessment. Methods In this proof of concept study, drinking water and quality of life indicators were described as part of the development of the urban exposome of Limassol (Cyprus) and were combined with agnostic environment-wide association analysis. This study was conducted as a two-part project with a qualitative part assessing the perceptions of city stakeholders, and quantitative part using a cross-sectional study design (an urban population study). We mapped the water quality parameters and participants’ opinions on city life (i.e., neighborhood life, health care, and green space access) using quarters (small administrative areas) as the reference unit of the city. In an exploratory, agnostic, environment-wide association study analysis, we used all variables (questionnaire responses and water quality metrics) to describe correlations between them. Results Overall, urban drinking-water quality using conventional indicators of chemical (disinfection byproducts-trihalomethanes (THM)) and microbial (coliforms, E. coli, and Enterococci) quality did not raise particular concerns. The general health and chronic health status of the urban participants were significantly (false discovery rate corrected p-value < 0.1) associated with different health conditions such as hypertension and asthma, as well as having financial issues in access to dental care. Additionally, correlations between THM exposures and participant behavioral characteristics (e.g., household cleaning, drinking water habits) were documented. Conclusion This proof-of-concept study showed the potential of using integrative approaches to develop urban exposomic profiles and identifying within-city differences in environmental and health indicators. The characterization of the urban exposome of Limassol will be expanded via the inclusion of biomonitoring tools and untargeted metabolomics.

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Ferreira, Rubio José, e Cláudio Jourge Moura de Castilho. "Agricultura urbana e gestão territorial em Recife/PE/Brasil: qual o lugar da agricultura urbana no planejamento da cidade?" Ateliê Geográfico 10, n. 2 (13 settembre 2016): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ag.v10i2.35747.

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ResumoEste texto tem como objetivo, sobretudo, dar visibilidade a um problema significativo para vários citadinos: o lugar da agricultura urbana e das pessoas diretamente envolvidas nesta atividade, no processo de planejamento urbano, a partir de exemplos ocorridos na cidade do Recife/Pernambuco/Brasil. Os principais resultados apontam que a agricultura urbana e os agricultores urbanos não são efetivamente considerados pelos técnicos das ações voltadas ao planejamento urbano de Recife. Isto, talvez, porque, a agricultura urbana se constitui de uma prática social utilizada por pessoas que pertencem a grupos sociais “hiperprecarizados” da economia urbana local. A ideia de planejamento territorial efetivo deve ser capaz de orientar políticas públicas que, a partir, também, da melhora das condições das atividades agrícolas na cidade, possam garantir a superação da perversidade das relações socioespaciais existentes em muitos lugares da cidade.Palavras-chave: Agricultura Urbana; Gestão Territorial; Planejamento da Cidade. AbstractThe aim of this text is expose an important problem with regard to urban men: the place of urban agriculture and the people direct involved in this activity. It demonstrated some steps in urban planning and the case study of Recife/Pernambuco/Brazil (city/state/country). The main results show that the urban agriculture and urban farmers are in absence of the thoughts of Recife’s planers. Maybe that happens because the urban agriculture is a social practice utilized by people from the “lowest layers” of society and in a marginal area in local urban economy. The idea of an effective territorial management is to guide public policies that promote better farming activities in city and assuring the diminution of poverty and the increase of human development in many places of the city.Keywords: Urban Agriculture; Territorial Management; Planning City. ResumenEste texto pretende, sobre todo, dar visibilidad a un problema importante para muchos habitantes de la ciudad: el lugar de la agricultura urbana y las personas directamente involucradas en esta actividad, en el proceso de planificación urbana, a partir de ejemplos que han ocurrido en las ciudades de Recife/Pernambuco/Brasil. Los principales resultados exponen que la agricultura urbana y los agricultores urbanos no son, en realidad, considerados por los técnicos de acciones centradas en la planificación urbana de Recife. Esto, tal vez, porque la agricultura urbana se constituye de una práctica social utilizada por personas que pertenecen a grupos sociales “hiperprecarizados” de la economía urbana local. La idea de una planificación territorial eficaz debe ser capaz de orientar las políticas públicas, encabezada, también, por la mejora de las condiciones de las actividades agrícolas en la ciudad, para que se pueda garantizar la superación de la perversidad de las relaciones socio-espaciales existentes en muchas partes de la ciudad.Palabras clave: Agricultura urbana; Administración de Tierras; Planificación de la Ciudad.

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Andrianou, Xanthi D., e Konstantinos C. Makris. "The framework of urban exposome: Application of the exposome concept in urban health studies". Science of The Total Environment 636 (settembre 2018): 963–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.329.

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Arps, H., S. Benz, J. Kuhlmann, D. Schreckenberg e S. Schütte. "Expositionswirkungskurven zum urbanen Gewerbelärm/Exposure-Impact-Curves on urban commercial noise". Lärmbekämpfung 17, n. 06 (2022): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1863-4672-2022-06-14.

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Die Einführung des urbanen Gebietes in § 6a BauNVO [1] dient der Optimierung der Innenentwicklung, um die Inanspruchnahme von Flächen „auf der grünen Wiese“ zu reduzieren [2-3]. Sie soll insbesondere den Kommunen die Planung von funktionsgemischten Gebieten in innerstädtischen Lagen erleichtern [3-4]. Die Kommunen können so – zum Zwecke der verstärkten Nutzungsmischung und um mehr Wohnraum zu schaffen – Wohnen und Gewerbe enger zusammenbringen. Um diese Ziele zu erreichen, wurden die zulässigen Immissionsrichtwerte der TA Lärm [5] für urbane Gebiete auf 63 dB(A) im Beurteilungszeitraum Tag (6-22 Uhr) und auf 45 dB(A) im Beurteilungszeitraum Nacht (22-6 Uhr) festgesetzt. Damit liegt der Immissionsrichtwert tagsüber 3 dB über dem der Mischgebiete; nachts ist der zulässige Immissionsrichtwert identisch. Diese Erhöhung wird vom Gesetzgeber begründet mit einem Duldungswillen bzw. Akzeptanz der Bevölkerung vor dem Hintergrund der damit verbundenen Vorteile: der „Stadt der kurzen Wege“. Das Forschungsvorhaben konzentriert sich auf die Untersuchung der Geräuschimmissionen in innerstädtisch verdichteten Gebieten und geht der Frage nach, wie sich die Lärmsituation dort auf die Bevölkerung auswirkt. Damit betritt das Vorhaben Neuland; vergleichbare Untersuchungen liegen nach Kenntnis der Autorinnen und Autoren dazu bislang nicht vor. Die hier ermittelten und dargestellten Expositionswirkungskurven konzentrieren sich auf die Auswirkungen von „urbanem Gewerbelärm“. Davon umfasst sind die Gewerbelärmquellen, die typischerweise in innerstädtischem Gebiet vorzufinden sind, das heißt Gastronomie, Einzelhandel und kleinere Gewerbebetriebe oder auch Tankstellen.

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Alves, Washington Silva, e Zilda De Fátima Mariano. "Os fatores geoecológicos, geourbanos e o clima urbano de Iporá-GO: uma análise a partir do Método de Correlação Linear". Ateliê Geográfico 11, n. 3 (30 maggio 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ag.v11i3.39564.

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Resumo O objetivo desse trabalho consistiu em analisar a influência dos fatores geoecológicos e geourbanos no padrão da temperatura do ar máxima e mínima absoluta em Iporá-GO, por meio do método estatístico de correlação linear. Os fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos pautaram-se no sistema clima urbano de Monteiro (2003), com ênfase no subsistema termodinâmico. Os fatores geoecológicos (hipsometria, exposição de vertente, vegetação urbana e hidrografia) e geourbanos (densidade de construção e o uso do solo urbano), foram georreferenciado com auxílio dos softwares ArcGis 9.0, Spring 5.3 e Surfer 9.0. Os dados de temperatura do ar foram coletados entre outubro de 2012 e outubro de 2013, em intervalos de 30 minutos, com termohigrômetros (modelo HT-500) e estações meteorológicas automáticas distribuídos em seis pontos da área urbana e rural de Iporá. Posteriormente, os dados foram organizados em planilhas de cálculos para análise estatística. Os resultados demonstraram que os fatores geoecológicos e geourbanos citados foram decisivos na variação espacial da temperatura do ar máxima e mínima absoluta em Iporá.Palavras-chave: Climatologia, Cidade, Clima Urbano AbstractThe objective of this study is to analyze the influence of geoecological factors and geourbanos the standard maximum air temperature and absolute minimum in Iporá-GO, by means of statistical methods of correlation linear. The theoretical and methodological foundations guided in the urban climate system Monteiro (2003), with emphasis on thermodynamic subsystem. The geoecological factors (hipsometria, slop exposure, urban and Hydrography vegetation) and geourban (building density and the use of urban land), were georeferenced with the help of software ArcGIS 9.0, Sprint 5.3 and Surfer 9.0. The air temperature data were collected between October 2012 and October 2013, in 30-minute intervals, with hygrometer term (HT-500 model) and automatic weather stations distributed in six points of the urban and rural Iporá. Later, the data were organized into spreadsheets for statistical analysis. The results showed that geoecological mentioned factors and geourbanos were decisive in the spatial variation of the temperature of the air and maximum absolute minimum in Iporá.Keywords: Climatology, City, Urban Climate ResumenEl objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la influencia de los factores geoecológicos y geourbanos en el patrón de la temperatura máxima y mínima absoluta del aire en Iporá-GO, a través de lo método estadístico de correlación lineal. Los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos se basan en el sistema de clima urbano de Monteiro (2003), con énfasis en el subsistema termodinámico. Los factores geoecológicos (hipsometría, hebras de exposición, hidrografía y vegetación urbana) y geourbanos (densidad de edificación y uso del suelo urbano) fueron georeferenciados con la ayuda del software ArcGIS 9.0, Spring 5.3 y Surfer 9.0. Los datos de temperatura del aire se recogieron entre octubre 2012 y octubre 2013, en intervalos de 30 minutos, con termohigrômetros (modelo HT-500) y estaciones meteorológicas automáticas distribuidas en seis puntos de las zonas urbanas y rurales. Posteriormente, los datos se organizaron en las hojas de cálculo para el análisis estadístico. Los resultados mostraron que los factores geoecológicos y geourbanos citados fueron decisivos en la variación espacial de la temperatura máxima y mínima absoluta del aire en Iporá.Palavras clave: Climatología, Ciudad, Clima Urbano

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Gupta, Dr Varsha. "Exposure of Captive Wild Mammals in Kota Zoo India to Urban Air Pollution". Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, n. 3 (1 ottobre 2011): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/mar2013/44.

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Gruzieva, Olena, Ayoung Jeong, Shizhen He, Zhebin Yu, Jeroen de Bont, Maria G. M. Pinho, Ikenna C. Eze et al. "Air pollution, metabolites and respiratory health across the life-course". European Respiratory Review 31, n. 165 (10 agosto 2022): 220038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0038-2022.

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Previous studies have explored the relationships of air pollution and metabolic profiles with lung function. However, the metabolites linking air pollution and lung function and the associated mechanisms have not been reviewed from a life-course perspective. Here, we provide a narrative review summarising recent evidence on the associations of metabolic profiles with air pollution exposure and lung function in children and adults. Twenty-six studies identified through a systematic PubMed search were included with 10 studies analysing air pollution-related metabolic profiles and 16 studies analysing lung function-related metabolic profiles. A wide range of metabolites were associated with short- and long-term exposure, partly overlapping with those linked to lung function in the general population and with respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD. The existing studies show that metabolomics offers the potential to identify biomarkers linked to both environmental exposures and respiratory outcomes, but many studies suffer from small sample sizes, cross-sectional designs, a preponderance on adult lung function, heterogeneity in exposure assessment, lack of confounding control and omics integration. The ongoing EXposome Powered tools for healthy living in urbAN Settings (EXPANSE) project aims to address some of these shortcomings by combining biospecimens from large European cohorts and harmonised air pollution exposure and exposome data.

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Mambou, Jean-Romuald, e Hilaire Elenga. "Erosions, Inondations et Mauvais Drainage des Eaux Pluviales à Brazzaville : Quelles Solutions dans le Cadre d’un Réaménagement Durable de la Ville à l’Horizon 2030 ?" European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, n. 20 (31 luglio 2023): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n20p205.

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La République du Congo, située dans une zone équatoriale à forte pluviométrie, est, de ce fait, exposée à une grande diversité de risques naturels d’origine essentiellement météorologique ou géologique, en particulier les érosions hydriques, les inondations et le mauvais drainage des eaux pluviales. Ces risques sont devenus un véritable enjeu de politique nationale pour les gouvernants et un drame pour les citoyens qui y sont confrontés chaque année, surtout en période de saison de pluies. Les solutions proposées jusqu’à présent ne sont que des mesures curatives peu efficaces et non durables. Elles portent essentiellement sur le planting des végétaux de l’espèce graminée « Chrysopogon zizanioides », dite « système vétiver ». Un projet, appliquant ce système intitulé «aménagement des bassins versants et stratégies de lutte contre l'érosion hydrique à Brazzaville» a, parmi tant d’autres, été mis en œuvre de 2011 à 2013 par le Gouvernement congolais avec le concours de la FAO. Il visait l’aménagement intégré durable des terres urbaines et périurbaines de Brazzaville au profit d'une amélioration de la sécurité alimentaire et des conditions de vie des populations concernées. Le diagnostic effectué et les hypothèses du projet étaient conformes à cette ambition, mais le choix de ses composantes et sa mise en œuvre ne pouvaient pas donner tous les résultats escomptés. Cela peut s’expliquer par le fait que tous les paramètres de la problématique n’ont pas été intégrés et surtout le projet était à vision courte, donc les solutions proposées ne pouvaient être que d’urgence. Or, ces risques ne peuvent trouver leurs solutions que dans une gouvernance urbaine assise sur une prise de décision centrée sur deux principes : l'acception performative (« la ville doit aller vers une meilleure gouvernance ») et l'acception critique (« les modalités de la gouvernance sont un impensé qui devrait être discuté pour éviter une dépossession des citoyens ») ; tout cela, en ce qui concerne Brazzaville, dans une vision stratégique globale et prospective d’un territoire urbain plus large. C’est l’objet de notre article qui propose la régénération et le réaménagement de Brazzaville à l’horizon 2030 à travers la mise en place d’un grand projet politique sur la ville. La démarche méthodologique s’articule en trois temps. Tout d’abord, un diagnostic est réalisé afin de caractériser les problèmes de la ville (érosions, inondations, mauvais drainage des eaux pluviales, mauvaise exploitation des rivières urbaines) en s’appuyant sur une recherche documentaire sélective et l’exploitation de l’enquête de terrain réalisée en 2017 par l’Observatoire Urbain de Brazzaville sur la situation des érosions à Brazzaville. Ensuite, en fonction des résultats de ce diagnostic, nous avons proposé des opérations d’aménagement participatives consistant à : (i) intégrer le fleuve Congo dans la ville par la construction d’un canal urbain navigable permettant, entre autres, de faire disparaître les grandes érosions de type I et II identifiées, (ii) aménager la ville en vue de la maîtrise de l’étalement urbain incontrôlé, la restructuration des quartiers précaires et la mise en défens des constructions dans les zones non-aedificandi, (iii) proposer un type d’habitat moderne à faible coût pour remplacer les habitations insalubres et (iv) faire de Brazzaville une ville prospère, durable, attractive et résiliente aux risques liés au climat. Nous avons terminé notre article en suggérant des outils à ce grand projet urbain politique d’être opérationnel, pratique et consensuel. The Republic of Congo, located in an equatorial zone with high rainfall, is therefore exposed to a wide variety of natural risks of essentially meteorological or geological origin, in particular water erosion, flooding, and poor drainage of rainwater. These risks have become a real national policy issue for governments and a tragedy for citizens who are confronted with them every year, especially during the rainy season. The solutions proposed so far are only ineffective and unsustainable curative measures. They relate essentially to the planting of plants of the grass species “Chrysopogon zizanoides”, known as the “vetiver system”. A project, applying this system entitled “Development of watersheds and strategies for the fight against water erosion in Brazzaville”, has, among many others, been implemented from 2011 to 2013 by the Congolese government with the assistance of the Food and Agriculture Oganization of the United Nations, FAO. It aimed at the sustainable integrated development of urban and peri-urban land in Brazzaville for the benefit of improving food security and the living conditions of the populations concerned. The diagnosis carried out and the assumptions of the project were in line with this ambition, but the choice of its components and its implementation could not give all the expected results. This can be explained by the fact that all the parameters of the problem have not been integrated and above all, the project was short-sighted, so the solutions proposed could only be urgent. However, these risks can only find their solutions in urban governance based on decision-marking centered on two principles: performative acceptance (“the city must move towards better governance”) and critical acceptance (“the modalities of governance are one unthought which should be discussed to avoid a dispossession of the citizens”). All this, as far as Brazzaville is concerned, is in a global and prospective strategic vision of a wider urban territory. This is the subject of our article which proposes the regeneration and redevelopment of Brazzaville by 2030 through the implementation of a major political project for the city. The methodological approach is articulated in stages. First, a diagnosis is made in order to characterize the problems of the city (erosions, floods, poor drainage of rainwater, poor exploitation of urban rivers) based on selective documentary research and the exploitation of the field survey carried out in 2017 by the urban observatory of Brazzaville on the situation of erosions in Brazzaville. Then, based on the results of this diagnosis, we proposed participatory development operations consisting of (i) integrating the Congo River into the city through the construction of a navigable urban canal allowing among other things, to eliminate particularly the tall identified type I and II erosions; (ii) develop the city with a view to controlling uncontrolled urban sprawl, restructuring precarious neighborhoods and prohibiting building in non-built-up areas; (iii) proposing a type of modern housing at moderate cost to replace unsanitary dwellings, and (iv) make Brazzaville a prosperous, sustainable, attractive and resilient city to climate-related risks. We ended our article by suggesting tools that should allow this great political urban project to be operational, practical, and consensual.

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Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., Lydiane Agier, Xavier Basagaña, Jose Urquiza, Ibon Tamayo-Uria, Lise Giorgis-Allemand, Oliver Robinson et al. "Influence of the Urban Exposome on Birth Weight". Environmental Health Perspectives 127, n. 4 (aprile 2019): 047007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp3971.

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Georgoulis, L., E. Samoli, P. Vouros, K. Katsouyanni e M. Jantunen. "Urban Commuting and CO exposure". Epidemiology 9, Supplement (luglio 1998): S87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199807001-00266.

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Cocheo, Vincenzo, Paolo Sacco, Caterina Boaretto, Emile De Saeger, Pascual Perez Ballesta, Henrik Skov, Eddy Goelen, Norbert Gonzalez e Antonia Baeza Caracena. "Urban benzene and population exposure". Nature 404, n. 6774 (marzo 2000): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35004651.

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Münzel, Thomas, Mette Sørensen, Jos Lelieveld, Omar Hahad, Sadeer Al-Kindi, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Billie Giles-Corti, Andreas Daiber e Sanjay Rajagopalan. "Heart healthy cities: genetics loads the gun but the environment pulls the trigger". European Heart Journal 42, n. 25 (18 maggio 2021): 2422–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab235.

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Abstract The world’s population is estimated to reach 10 billion by 2050 and 75% of this population will live in cities. Two-third of the European population already live in urban areas and this proportion continues to grow. Between 60% and 80% of the global energy use is consumed by urban areas, with 70% of the greenhouse gas emissions produced within urban areas. The World Health Organization states that city planning is now recognized as a critical part of a comprehensive solution to tackle adverse health outcomes. In the present review, we address non-communicable diseases with a focus on cardiovascular disease and the urbanization process in relation to environmental risk exposures including noise, air pollution, temperature, and outdoor light. The present review reports why heat islands develop in urban areas, and how greening of cities can improve public health, and address climate concerns, sustainability, and liveability. In addition, we discuss urban planning, transport interventions, and novel technologies to assess external environmental exposures, e.g. using digital technologies, to promote heart healthy cities in the future. Lastly, we highlight new paradigms of integrative thinking such as the exposome and planetary health, challenging the one-exposure-one-health-outcome association and expand our understanding of the totality of human environmental exposures.

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Ohanyan, Haykanush, Lützen Portengen, Anke Huss, Eugenio Traini, Joline W. J. Beulens, Gerard Hoek, Jeroen Lakerveld e Roel Vermeulen. "Machine learning approaches to characterize the obesogenic urban exposome". Environment International 158 (gennaio 2022): 107015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.107015.

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Robinson, Oliver, Ibon Tamayo, Montserrat de Castro, Antonia Valentin, Lise Giorgis-Allemand, Norun Hjertager Krog, Gunn Marit Aasvang et al. "The Urban Exposome during Pregnancy and Its Socioeconomic Determinants". Environmental Health Perspectives 126, n. 7 (luglio 2018): 077005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp2862.

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Lutchmanen Kolanthan, Vimi, Andrew Brown, Vitisha Soobramaney, Evans Georges Philibert, Veronique Francois Newton, Muzzammil Hosenally, Bibi Nusayha Sokeechand et al. "Clinical Evaluation of Indian Sandalwood Oil and Its Protective Effect on the Skin against the Detrimental Effect of Exposome". Cosmetics 9, n. 2 (23 marzo 2022): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9020035.

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Abstract (sommario):

The skin is constantly subject to external stressors (the exposome), including particulate matter and blue light. These can penetrate the deeper layers of the skin, inducing the release of free radicals and triggering an inflammatory cascade of events contributing to cutaneous aging and exacerbating inflammatory skin conditions. This study demonstrates the clinical efficacy of Indian sandalwood oil of varying concentrations against oxidative stress induced by urban dust and blue light. Twenty-two healthy human subjects entered and completed the study of 11 days. Test products containing 0.1%, 1% and 10% of sandalwood oil, as well as a placebo and a comparator control (α-tocopherol), were applied on the different investigational zones of the upper back of each subject. Exposure ensued on day 7, using a controlled pollution exposure system (CPES) and blue light at a wavelength of 412 nm. Sebum was sampled on each investigational zone following the last exposure. The level of squalene monohydroperoxide (SQOOH) was the primary endpoint. A dose-dependent decrease in SQOOH on the zones treated with 10%, 1% and 0.1% of the sandalwood oil formulation compared to the untreated zones was observed. The zone treated with the 10% sandalwood-containing formula demonstrated the highest protective efficacy with the lowest amount of SQOOH. Increasing the concentration of the sandalwood oil increased its protective antioxidant activity. The results collected from this intraindividual comparative is the first clinical trial to suggest that sandalwood oil at a concentration between 1% and 10% protects the skin against the oxidative stress induced by urban dust and blue light exposure.

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De Vito, Saverio, Elena Esposito, Ettore Massera, Fabrizio Formisano, Grazia Fattoruso, Sergio Ferlito, Antonio Del Giudice et al. "Crowdsensing IoT Architecture for Pervasive Air Quality and Exposome Monitoring: Design, Development, Calibration, and Long-Term Validation". Sensors 21, n. 15 (31 luglio 2021): 5219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155219.

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A pervasive assessment of air quality in an urban or mobile scenario is paramount for personal or city-wide exposure reduction action design and implementation. The capability to deploy a high-resolution hybrid network of regulatory grade and low-cost fixed and mobile devices is a primary enabler for the development of such knowledge, both as a primary source of information and for validating high-resolution air quality predictive models. The capability of real-time and cumulative personal exposure monitoring is also considered a primary driver for exposome monitoring and future predictive medicine approaches. Leveraging on chemical sensing, machine learning, and Internet of Things (IoT) expertise, we developed an integrated architecture capable of meeting the demanding requirements of this challenging problem. A detailed account of the design, development, and validation procedures is reported here, along with the results of a two-year field validation effort.

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Varma, Pavani, Anu Mohandas, Sindhu Rudrashetty, K. Satya Vara Prasad, N. Balakrishna e Snigdha Pattnaik. "Prevalence of Second Hand Smoke Exposure and Measures to Overcome: A Cross Sectional Study among Youth in Urban Hyderabad". Indian Journal of Public Health 68, n. 1 (gennaio 2024): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijph.ijph_344_23.

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Abstract In India, the prevalence of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is 29.5% in general and 11.2% at home. The youth may expose themselves to SHS without knowing the risk factors and consequences involved. This study is intended to determine the prevalence of SHS exposure and the measures adopted by the youth to avoid exposure. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 338 youth in an urban area in Hyderabad. A modified Global Youth Tobacco Survey questionnaire was used for data collection on SHS exposure and avoidance. The total prevalence of SHS exposure was 35.21%. The mean days of SHS exposure/week were 1.419 (standard deviation -1.806) days. Belonging to the age group 18–21 years, and male gender were significant predictors of SHS exposure. Education of the head of family was a significant predictor of SHS avoidance behavior. Creating awareness among young adults regarding the deleterious effects and preventive strategies of SHS exposure, thereby making them responsible for the health of their family can be a protective long-term strategy.

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20

Bostrom, Carl-Elis, Jacob Almen, Bengt Steen e Roger Westerholm. "Human Exposure to Urban Air Pollution". Environmental Health Perspectives 102 (ottobre 1994): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3431929.

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21

Moline, Jacqueline M., Anne L. Golden, Andrew C. Todd, James H. Godbold e Gertrud S. Berkowitz. "Lead exposure among young urban women". Salud Pública de México 41 (novembre 1999): S82—S87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-36341999000800003.

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22

Boström, C. E., J. Almén, B. Steen e R. Westerholm. "Human exposure to urban air pollution". Environmental Health Perspectives 102, Suppl 4 (1 ottobre 1994): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.94102s439.

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23

Hyman, Mark H. "Short-Term Exposure to Urban Dust". Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 46, n. 10 (ottobre 2004): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000141777.15678.c1.

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Boström, C. E., J. Almén, B. Steen e R. Westerholm. "Human exposure to urban air pollution." Environmental Health Perspectives 102, suppl 4 (ottobre 1994): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.102-1566930.

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25

Zhu, Xuehong, Qiang Dai, Dawei Han, Lu Zhuo, Shaonan Zhu e Shuliang Zhang. "Modeling the high-resolution dynamic exposure to flooding in a city region". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, n. 8 (14 agosto 2019): 3353–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3353-2019.

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Abstract. Urban flooding exposure is generally investigated with the assumption of stationary disasters and disaster-hit bodies during an event, and thus it cannot satisfy the increasingly elaborate modeling and management of urban floods. In this study, a comprehensive method was proposed to simulate dynamic exposure to urban flooding considering residents' travel behavior. First, a flood simulation was conducted using the LISFLOOD-FP model to predict the spatiotemporal distribution of flooding. Second, an agent-based model was used to simulate residents' movements during the urban flooding period. Finally, to study the evolution and patterns of urban flooding exposure, the exposure of population, roads, and buildings to urban flooding was simulated using Lishui, China, as a case study. The results showed that water depth was the major factor affecting total urban exposure in Lishui. Urban exposure to fluvial flooding was concentrated along the river, while exposure to pluvial flooding was dispersed throughout the area (independent from the river). Additionally, the population distribution on weekends was more variable than on weekdays and was more sensitive to floods. In addition, residents' response behavior (based on their subjective consciousness) may result in increased overall exposure. This study presents the first fully formulated method for dynamic urban flood exposure simulation at a high spatiotemporal resolution. The quantitative results of this study can provide fundamental information for urban flood disaster vulnerability assessment, socioeconomic loss assessment, urban disaster risk management, and emergency response plan establishment.

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X, Andrianou, Charisiadis P e Makris K. "The urban exposome framework and a proof-of-concept study". Environmental Epidemiology 3 (ottobre 2019): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ee9.0000608732.36531.e1.

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Kumar, Vinay, Hemavathy S, Lohith Kumar Dasarahally Huligowda, Mridul Umesh, Pritha Chakraborty, Basheer Thazeem e Anand Prakash Singh. "Environmental Pollutants as Emerging Concerns for Cardiac Diseases: A Review on Their Impacts on Cardiac Health". Biomedicines 13, n. 1 (20 gennaio 2025): 241. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13010241.

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Abstract (sommario):

Comorbidities related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and environmental pollution have emerged as serious concerns. The exposome concept underscores the cumulative impact of environmental factors, including climate change, air pollution, chemicals like PFAS, and heavy metals, on cardiovascular health. Chronic exposure to these pollutants contributes to inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, further exacerbating the global burden of CVDs. Specifically, carbon monoxide (CO), ozone, particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), heavy metals, pesticides, and micro- and nanoplastics have been implicated in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality through various mechanisms. PM2.5 exposure leads to inflammation and metabolic disruptions. Ozone and CO exposure induce oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. NO2 exposure contributes to cardiac remodeling and acute cardiovascular events, and sulfur dioxide and heavy metals exacerbate oxidative stress and cellular damage. Pesticides and microplastics pose emerging risks linked to inflammation and cardiovascular tissue damage. Monitoring and risk assessment play a crucial role in identifying vulnerable populations and assessing pollutant impacts, considering factors like age, gender, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle disorders. This review explores the impact of cardiovascular disease, discussing risk-assessment methods, intervention strategies, and the challenges clinicians face in addressing pollutant-induced cardiovascular diseases. It calls for stronger regulatory policies, public health interventions, and green urban planning.

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Gu, Danan, Qiushi Feng, Jessica M. Sautter e Li Qiu. "Exposure to urban life and mortality risk among older adults in China". International Journal of Population Studies 3, n. 1 (30 agosto 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/ijps.2017.01.007.

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We examined whether exposure to urban environments was linked with mortality in a longitudinal survey dataset of nearly 28,000 Chinese adults who were 65 years of age or older in the years 2002–2014. Urban life exposure was measured by residential status at birth, current residential status, and urban-related primary lifetime occupation, which generated eight different categories of urban life exposure: no exposure, mid-life-only exposure, late-life-only exposure, mid-late-life exposure, early-life-only exposure, early-mid-life exposure, early- & late-life exposure, and full life exposure. We also included a measure of migration, whether the respondent lived in the same county/city at birth and at first interview, to further classify these eight categories. Overall, we found that when demographics were controlled for, compared to those with no urban life exposure and no migration, mortality risk was lower for older adults with mid-late life exposure with or without migration and for older adults with full-life exposure with migration; mortality risk was higher for older adults with early-life-only exposure. Once socioeconomic status, family/social support, health behaviors, and baseline health were simultaneously controlled for, only the higher mortality risk for older adults with early-life-only exposure was still significant. Our findings provided valuable information about how urban life exposure at different life stages was associated with elderly mortality in China.

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Maitre, Léa, Jeroen de Bont, Maribel Casas, Oliver Robinson, Gunn Marit Aasvang, Lydiane Agier, Sandra Andrušaitytė et al. "Human Early Life Exposome (HELIX) study: a European population-based exposome cohort". BMJ Open 8, n. 9 (settembre 2018): e021311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021311.

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PurposeEssential to exposome research is the collection of data on many environmental exposures from different domains in the same subjects. The aim of the Human Early Life Exposome (HELIX) study was to measure and describe multiple environmental exposures during early life (pregnancy and childhood) in a prospective cohort and associate these exposures with molecular omics signatures and child health outcomes. Here, we describe recruitment, measurements available and baseline data of the HELIX study populations.ParticipantsThe HELIX study represents a collaborative project across six established and ongoing longitudinal population-based birth cohort studies in six European countries (France, Greece, Lithuania, Norway, Spain and the UK). HELIX used a multilevel study design with the entire study population totalling 31 472 mother-child pairs, recruited during pregnancy, in the six existing cohorts (first level); a subcohort of 1301 mother-child pairs where biomarkers, omics signatures and child health outcomes were measured at age 6–11 years (second level) and repeat-sampling panel studies with around 150 children and 150 pregnant women aimed at collecting personal exposure data (third level).Findings to dateCohort data include urban environment, hazardous substances and lifestyle-related exposures for women during pregnancy and their offspring from birth until 6–11 years. Common, standardised protocols were used to collect biological samples, measure exposure biomarkers and omics signatures and assess child health across the six cohorts. Baseline data of the cohort show substantial variation in health outcomes and determinants between the six countries, for example, in family affluence levels, tobacco smoking, physical activity, dietary habits and prevalence of childhood obesity, asthma, allergies and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Future plansHELIX study results will inform on the early life exposome and its association with molecular omics signatures and child health outcomes. Cohort data are accessible for future research involving researchers external to the project.

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Kadri, Boualem, Mohamed Reda Khomsi e Maria Bondarenko. "Le concept de destination". Téoros 30, n. 1 (4 settembre 2012): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1012104ar.

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Le concept de destination fait l’objet d’une grande utilisation en tourisme, tant dans le monde professionnel que dans celui de la communauté scientifique. Cette situation montre toutefois un paradoxe : si l’on reconnaît la puissance du mot destination relative notamment à sa richesse anthropologique, l’on observera néanmoins un déficit définitionnel, voire l’absence d’une définition partagée par la communauté scientifique. À quelles significations renvoie le mot destination ? Le présent article expose les résultats d’une analyse sémantique et conceptuelle du concept de destination réalisée à partir d’un corpus d’écrits portant plus particulièrement sur le tourisme urbain. À la lumière de cette analyse, une nouvelle perspective d’appréhension du concept de destination, notamment urbaine, est proposée, basée sur la notion de projet et montrant la destination comme un ensemble de « projets » différenciés, mais intégrés à un « projet » global.

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PATEL, DR KETAN, DR VIJAY GOPLANI, DR PARESH PRAJAPATI e DR PIYUSH MAKWANA. "A Study on Effects of Wood Dust Exposure on Pulmonary Functions in Carpenters And Non Carpenters of Urban Ahmedabad". International Journal of Scientific Research 3, n. 2 (1 giugno 2012): 383–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/feb2014/125.

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32

T V, Sanjay. "A Descriptive Study on Obesity and Animal Exposure Cases attending an Anti-Rabies Clinic, Tertiary Care Hospital, Urban Bengaluru". APCRI Journal 26, n. 01 (29 giugno 2024): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0973.5038.202403.

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Altıntop, Ayşe Selda, e Canan Uraz. "BİNA YIKIM İŞLERİNDE ASBEST MARUZİYETİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ". e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy 15, n. 4 (31 ottobre 2020): 218–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12739/nwsa.2020.15.4.1a0464.

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Asbestos is a mineral that has a naturally formed fibrous structure and has been used in different areas for centuries with its resistance to heat and chemicals. Asbestos, which is called "Magic Mineral" in the world, has been used in the production of many products in the textile, automotive and chemical industries, shipbuilding and construction sectors. In the last century, when respiratory illnesses and cancers have been encountered in those who work with asbestos and those who breathe the air mixed with asbestos fibers, Asbestos is called "The Evil Dust", "Killer Dust" in the world, and now it has been named "Killer Dust" in our country. Uncontrolled building demolitions as a result of the start of the Ship Recycling Sector and then the urban transformation activities in our country brought the issue of asbestos to the agenda. Old buildings are demolished by assuming that no asbestos is used, and construction waste is disposed of uncontrolled. This study was carried out in order to reveal that asbestos is used in old buildings, building demolition and renovation works are a great danger for employees and residents, and to provide suggestions for safe removal and demolition of materials found to be asbestos in buildings, and it is also aimed to increase "Asbestos Exposure Awareness".

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Coulson, Guy, Alena Bartonova, Trond Bøhler, David M. Broday, Ian Colbeck, Inga Fløisand, Janina Fudala et al. "Exposure Risks from Pollutants in Domestic Environments: The Urban Exposure Project". Indoor and Built Environment 14, n. 3-4 (giugno 2005): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x05054017.

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35

Lützenkirchen, Susanne, Herdis Laupsa, Inga Fløisand, Trond Bøhler, Werner Holländer e David M. Broday. "Exposure Assessment with The Urban Exposure Management Tool—Case Study Oslo". Epidemiology 17, Suppl (novembre 2006): S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200611001-00123.

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36

Forman, Leah S., Jane M. Liebschutz, Ruth Rose-Jacobs, Mark A. Richardson, Howard J. Cabral, Timothy C. Heeren e Deborah A. Frank. "Urban Young Adults’ Adaptive Functioning". Journal of Drug Issues 47, n. 2 (22 dicembre 2016): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042616684679.

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Research on the association between prenatal substance exposures and adaptive functioning among young adults is limited, with inconsistent conclusions. In a prospective longitudinal study of 138 urban young adults, prenatal substance exposures were identified at birth from maternal self-report, urine screens, and/or infant meconium. At follow-up between ages 18 and 24 years, masked interviewers assessed level of adaptive functioning, a composite indicator comprising five domains: education, housing, adolescent pregnancy, arrest history, and employment. A significant negative association was found between prenatal tobacco exposure and adaptive functioning, particularly among females with heavier exposure. This association with heavier, but not lighter, prenatal tobacco exposure is consistent with a neuroteratologic explanation, but other, non-biological explanations cannot be ruled out. No statistically significant associations were observed between prenatal cocaine, marijuana, or low-moderate alcohol exposure and young adult adaptive functioning.

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37

Barale, R., I. Barrai, I. Sbrana, L. Migliore, A. Marrazzini, V. Scarcelli, E. Bacci et al. "Monitoring Human Exposure to Urban Air Pollutants". Environmental Health Perspectives 101 (ottobre 1993): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3431706.

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38

Hopper, J. A., e K. A. Craig. "Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure Among Urban Children". PEDIATRICS 106, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2000): e47-e47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.106.4.e47.

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Ozuah, Philip O., Michael S. Lesser, James S. Woods, Hyunok Choi e Morri Markowitz. "Mercury Exposure in an Urban Pediatric Population". Ambulatory Pediatrics 3, n. 1 (gennaio 2003): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1367/1539-4409(2003)003<0024:meiaup>2.0.co;2.

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40

Barale, R., I. Barrai, I. Sbrana, L. Migliore, A. Marrazzini, V. Scarcelli, E. Bacci et al. "Monitoring human exposure to urban air pollutants". Environmental Health Perspectives 101, suppl 3 (ottobre 1993): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.93101s389.

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41

Selner‐O'Hagan, Mary Beth, Daniel J. Kindlon, Stephen L. Buka, Stephen W. Raudenbush e Felton J. Earls. "Assessing Exposure to Violence in Urban Youth". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 39, n. 2 (febbraio 1998): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00315.

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42

Carter, Paul. "Exposure: a postcolonial turn in urban ethnography". Postcolonial Studies 21, n. 3 (4 giugno 2018): 350–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13688790.2018.1479942.

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Selner-O'Hagan, Mary Beth, Daniel J. Kindlon, Stephen L. Buka, Stephen W. Raudenbush e Felton J. Earls. "Assessing Exposure to Violence in Urban Youth". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 39, n. 2 (febbraio 1998): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002196309700187x.

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44

Lanphear, Bruce P., e Klaus J. Roghmann. "Pathways of Lead Exposure in Urban Children". Environmental Research 74, n. 1 (1997): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/enrs.1997.3726.

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45

Mallick, Suraj Kumar, Netrananda Sahu, Pritiranjan Das, Biswajit Maity, Ayush Varun, Anil Kumar, Ravi Keswarwani, Atul Saini e Somnath Rudra. "Impact of urban growth in Delhi and It's Peri-urban environment on urban heat exposure". Urban Climate 56 (luglio 2024): 102010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102010.

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46

Andrianou, Xanthi D., Anjoeka Pronk, Karen S. Galea, Rob Stierum, Miranda Loh, Flavia Riccardo, Patrizio Pezzotti e Konstantinos C. Makris. "Exposome-based public health interventions for infectious diseases in urban settings". Environment International 146 (gennaio 2021): 106246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106246.

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47

Oliveira, Ana Carolina Nascimento de, e Erika Vanessa Moreira Santos. "A IMPORTÂNCIA DA AGRICULTURA URBANA: um estudo sobre o programa Eco Hortas Comunitárias no município de Campos dos Goytacazes – RJ". Revista Cerrados 16, n. 02 (26 febbraio 2020): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22238/rc24482692201816025168.

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Abstract (sommario):

A prática da Agricultura Urbana tem se otimizado e ganhado visibilidade nos últimos anos, tanto no campo das políticas públicas, quanto nos debates acadêmicos, principalmente quando se trata do acesso a uma alimentação saudável. Entretanto, esta atividade não se restringe apenas ao cultivo e produção de alimentos, pois possui uma gama de modalidades com funcionalidades distintas. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo expor a importância da agricultura produzida no tecido urbano, além de fomentar o debate acadêmico sobre a atividade laboral, entender de que forma este fenômeno está instituído no município de Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, sobretudo a partir das hortas vinculadas ao programa Eco Hortas Comunitárias, criado em 1990 por lei municipal. A metodologia adotada para a consecução do trabalho é qualitativa descritiva, com o levantamento bibliográfico, sistematização de dados secundários (IBGE e Prefeitura Municipal de Campos dos Goytacazes), levantamento de dados primários (agricultores urbanos, supervisores, técnicos) e análise dos dados e informações levantadas. Dessa forma, buscamos entender todo o processo de estruturação e a dinâmica socioeconômica desta atividade no município. Sendo um elemento de ocupação do solo que produz alimentos de qualidade, expansão de áreas verdes e criação de novos postos de emprego. Palavras-chave: Agricultura Urbana. Eco Hortas Comunitárias. Campos dos Goytacazes. THE IMPORTANCE OF URBAN AGRICULTURE: a study on the Eco Hortas Comunitárias programme in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes – RJ ABSTRACT The practice of urban agriculture has been optimized and gained visibility in recent years, both in the field of public policies and in academic debates, especially when it comes to access to healthy eating. However, this activity is not only restricted to the cultivation and production of food, because it has a range of modalities with different features. This research aims to expose the importance of agriculture produced in the urban space, and to promote the academic debate on the work activity, to understand how this phenomenon is established in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, especially the From the gardens linked to the program Eco Hortas Comunitárias, created in 1990 by municipal law. The methodology adopted for the achievement of the work is qualitative descriptive, with the bibliographical survey, systematization of secondary data (IBGE and municipal Municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes), survey of primary data (urban farmers, supervisors, technicians) and analysis of the data and information raised. In this way, we seek to understand the whole process of structuring and the socio-economic dynamics of this activity in the municipality. Being a land-occupying element that produces quality food, expanding green areas and creating new jobs. Key Words: Urban agriculture. Eco Hortas. Campos dos Goytacazes. LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA AGRICULTURA URBANA: un estudio sobre el programa Eco Hortas Comunitárias en el municipio de Campos dos Goytacazes – RJ RESUMEN La práctica de la Agricultura Urbana ha sido optimizada y ha obtenido visibilidad en los últimos años, tanto en el ámbito de las políticas públicas como en los debates académicos, especialmente cuando se trata de acceder a la alimentación sana. Sin embargo, esta actividad no sólo se limita al cultivo y producción de alimentos, ya que tiene una gama de modalidades con diferentes características. Esta investigación pretende exponer la importancia de la agricultura producida en el tejido urbano, y promover el debate académico sobre la actividad laboral, para entender cómo se establece este fenómeno en el municipio de Campos dos Goytacazes RJ, especialmente desde los jardines vinculados a la comunidad del programa Eco Hortas Comunitárias, creada en 1990 por la ley municipal. La metodología adoptada para el logro de la obra es cualitativamente descriptiva, con el estudio bibliográfico, la sistematización de datos secundarios (IBGE y Municipalidad de Campos dos Goytacazes), estudio de datos primarios (agricultores urbanos, supervisores, técnicos) y análisis de los datos e información planteados. De esta manera, buscamos comprender todo el proceso de estructuración y la dinámica socioeconómica de esta actividad en el municipio. Ser un elemento de ocupación de la tierra que produce alimentos de calidad, expandiendo áreas verdes y creando nuevos empleos. Palabras clave: Agricultura Urbana. Eco Hortas Comunitárias. Campos dos Goytacazes.

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Cao, Yue, Guangdong Li e Yaohui Huang. "Spatiotemporal Evolution of Residential Exposure to Green Space in Beijing". Remote Sensing 15, n. 6 (12 marzo 2023): 1549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15061549.

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Urban green space has a critical impact on the urban ecological environment, residents’ health, and urban sustainability. Quantifying residential exposure to green space and proposing targeted enhancement strategies in urban areas is helpful to rationally plan urban green space construction, reduce the inequality in residential exposure to green space, and promote environmental equity. However, the long-time evolution analysis of residential exposure to green space at different scales and the influence of green space quality on residential exposure to green space are rarely reported. Here we produced a long-time series dataset of urban green space from 1990 to 2020 based on the 30 m Landsat data and used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a representation of the green space quality to comprehensively analyze residential exposure to green space at the city and block scales within the 5th ring of Beijing, China. We found that the urban green space in Beijing is mainly distributed in urban areas between the 4th and 5th rings (i.e., 153.4 km2 in 2020), and there is little green space within the 2nd ring area (i.e., 12.6 km2 in 2020). There is clear spatial inequality in residential exposure to green space, and about 2.88 million (i.e., ~27%) residents have experienced different degrees of decline in residential exposure to green space from 2015 to 2020. However, the degree of inequality in residential exposure to green space has gradually weakened from a high level (Palma ratio = 2.84) in 1990 to a relatively low level (Palma ratio = 0.81) in 2020. In addition, the spatial-temporal analysis method of residential exposure to green space based on green space quality has certain advantages that can help explore the degraded and lost areas of green space.

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Zhang, Tianlin, Lei Wang, Yike Hu, Wenzheng Zhang e Yuyang Liu. "Measuring Urban Green Space Exposure Based on Street View Images and Machine Learning". Forests 15, n. 4 (3 aprile 2024): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15040655.

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Exposure to green spaces (GSs) has been perceived as a natural and sustainable solution to urban challenges, playing a vital role in rapid urbanization. Previous studies, due to their lack of direct spatial alignment and attention to a human-scale perspective, struggled to comprehensively measure urban GS exposure. To address this gap, our study introduces a novel GS exposure assessment framework, employing machine learning and street view images. We conducted a large-scale, fine-grained empirical study focused on downtown Shanghai. Our findings indicate a pronounced hierarchical structure in the distribution of GS exposure, which initially increases and subsequently decreases as one moves outward from the city center. Further, from both the micro and macro perspectives, we employed structural equation modeling and Geodetector to investigate the impact of the urban built environment on GS exposure. Our results highlight that maintaining an appropriate level of architectural density, enhancing the combination of sidewalks with GSs, emphasizing the diversity of regional characteristics, and avoiding excessive concentration of functions are effective approaches for increasing urban GS exposure and promoting human wellbeing. Our study offers scientific insights for urban planners and administrators, holding significant implications for achieving sustainable urban development.

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50

Saadi, Diana, Izhak Schnell e Emanuel Tirosh. "Ethnic Differences in Environmental Restoration: Arab and Jewish Women in Israel". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 23 (30 novembre 2021): 12628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312628.

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Abstract (sommario):

Throughout the last few decades, plenty of attention has been paid to restorative environments that positively affect human psychological health. These studies show that restorative environments affect human beings emotionally, physiologically, and cognitively. Some studies focus on the cognitive effects of exposure to restorative environments. A widely used index that measures the cognitive response is the Perceived Restoration Potential Scale (PRS). Most studies employing the PRS have examined differences in human cognitive response between types of urban environments mainly urban versus green ones. We use Hartig’s questionnaire to expose differences between types of urban environments and ethnic groups. Variances between Arab and Jewish women were calculated in four environments: home; park; residential and central city environments. The effect of intervening variables such as exposure to thermal, noise, social and CO loads and social discomfort were tested. We find that dissimilar to urban typical built-up environments, green areas are highly restorative. Furthermore, differences in the restorativeness of different urban environments are low though significant. These differences depend on their function, aesthetic qualities, and amount of greenery. Ethno-national differences appear to affect the experience of restoration. While both ethnic related groups experienced a tremendous sense of restoration in parks, Jewish women enjoyed slightly higher levels of restoration mainly at home and in residential environments compared to Arab women who experienced higher sense of restorativness in central city environments. Jewish women experienced higher sense of being away and fascination. From the intervening variables, social discomfort explained 68 percent of the experience of restoration, noise explained 49 percent, thermal load explained 43 percent and ethnicity 14 percent of the variance in PRS.

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