Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Exploitation et exploration des documents"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Exploitation et exploration des documents"
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Heckmann, Carl Simon, e Alexander Maedche. "IT ambidexterity for business processes: the importance of balance". Business Process Management Journal 24, n. 4 (2 luglio 2018): 862–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-04-2016-0078.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose In highly dynamic industries, business processes require exploitation, i.e. activities that are associated with an increase in productivity through automation, standardization, integrated architectures, and the usage of existing IT resources. As a complementary capability, exploration is needed, i.e. the ability to flexibly implement new and innovative IT resources (Lee et al., 2015). The purpose of this paper is to use the concept of ambidexterity, which is researched intensively outside the domain of business processes (e.g. Gibson and Birkinshaw, 2004; Tang and Rai, 2014), to address this paradoxical trade-off within business processes. Design/methodology/approach The paper follows a qualitative approach. A multiple case study comprising 11 interviews and additional document analysis in six organizations is conducted in the German energy sector to examine the proposed framework. Findings This paper shows the importance of balancing exploitative and explorative business process IT (BPIT) capabilities. The process-theoretical outcome of this study is the BPIT Capability Framework that provides explanation for the interaction between exploitation and exploration. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to the understanding of how to build ambidextrous BPIT capabilities by explaining the underlying mechanisms for feedback loops that occur in cases of imbalance. The scope of the conducted study presents a limitation and thus future research is encouraged to further validate the findings of this paper. Originality/value By drilling down to the process level, this paper addresses the gaps that limited empirical studies have in business process management research (Recker and Mendling, 2015) and the focus on business processes that is lacking from the literature on organizational IT management (Gregory et al., 2015).
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El Younsi, Hafida, Célia Zyla, Didier Lebert e Francois-Xavier Meunier. "Exploration, exploitation et cohérence technologique". Économie appliquée 68, n. 3 (2015): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecoap.2015.3723.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
N. J. Foss and J. Christensen [2001 ] link the technological coherence of a firm to its ability to solve an exploration / exploitation dilemma. We propose a structural framework to deal with this issue and we illustrate it using corporate data.
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Castiaux, Annick. "Responsabilité d'entreprise et innovation : entre exploration et exploitation". Reflets et perspectives de la vie économique XLVIII, n. 4 (2009): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rpve.484.0037.
Testo completo
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Hamiot, Jean-Yves, e Mohamed Firas Thraya. "L’obstacle ontologique qui sépare exploitation et exploration". Question(s) de management 45, n. 4 (26 luglio 2023): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/qdm.225.0067.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les organisations passent parfois soudainement d’une stabilité relative à une situation de rupture. Elles doivent alors être capables de passer de l’exploitation de connaissances et de processus acquis à l’exploration de nouvelles opportunités. Des recherches sur la prévoyance stratégique suggèrent que cette transition constitue un véritable obstacle ontologique et dépend de critères de légitimité et de réflexivité managériale. Une enquête quantitative (N=119) a été menée auprès de dirigeants et cadres. Les résultats montrent que le choix du mode de prévoyance dépend de la nature de l’information mobilisée, de l’orientation temporelle et du sexe des répondants. Ces indications corroborent l’existence d’un obstacle ontologique. Celui-ci semble lié à la difficulté d’envisager l’exploration sous l’angle d’une pratique d’improvisation et d’une implication du bas de la hiérarchie. L’enquête suggèrent également l’importance de la légitimité et de la réflectivité pour l’exploration de nouvelles opportunités.
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MCMILLAN, G. STEVEN. "EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION IN SCIENCE: THEIR IMPACT ON SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL OUTCOMES". International Journal of Innovation Management 19, n. 02 (aprile 2015): 1550017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919615500176.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Since March's 1991 seminal article, exploration and exploitation have been extensively studied in the areas of organisational learning, strategic renewal, and technological innovation [Li et al.(2008)]. However, much of the research has focused on exploration as science-based and exploitation as technology-based. This current research effort utilises a unique database to examine the phenomena only in the science arena. The results are that exploration efforts lead to science outcomes, and that both exploration and exploitation efforts have a positive impact on technological outcomes. The managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
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Harvey, Jean-François, e Fabrice Bastos. "L’organisation ambidextre. Le juste équilibre entre exploitation et exploration". Gestion Vol. 49, n. 3 (24 settembre 2024): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/riges.493.0064.
Testo completo
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Parmentier, Guy, e Vincent Mangematin. "Innovation et création dans le jeu vidéo. Comment concilier exploration et exploitation?" Revue française de gestion 35, n. 191 (23 febbraio 2009): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rfg.191.71-87.
Testo completo
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Garcias, Frédéric, Cédric Dalmasso e Jean-Claude Sardas. "Tensions paradoxales autour des apprentissages : exploration, exploitation et apprentissage d'exploitation". M@n@gement 18, n. 2 (2015): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mana.182.0156.
Testo completo
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Charoy, François, e Lylette Lacote-Gabrysiak. "Éléments méthodologiques pour un traitement factuel des documents administratifs et juridiques". Documentation et bibliothèques 42, n. 1 (30 settembre 2015): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1033321ar.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le travail décrit ici vise à permettre une exploitation factuelle de documents de type administratif ou juridique. Par exploitation factuelle il faut entendre la création d’une base de données qui permette une prise en compte précise des faits et non une simple description du contenu des documents. Diverses expérimentations ont été entreprises. Elles ont abouti à une solution satisfaisante prenant la forme d’éléments méthodologiques pour la mise en place de telles applications et d’une définition des contraintes à respecter (fourniture du texte intégral, existence de moyens d’accès différenciés à l’information, fourniture d’une description de la structure de la base de données sous la forme, par exemple, d’une classification, apparition de la dimension analytique de ce type de base de données).
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Miller, Dale, e Bill Merrilees. "Department store innovation: David Jones Ltd., Australia, 1876-1915". Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 8, n. 3 (15 agosto 2016): 396–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-01-2014-0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the historical contributions of complex innovations (both creative and tactical components) in a formative period in a major Australian department store, David Jones Ltd. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a context-specific lens to examine complex retail innovation. The study adopts a longitudinal design with the focus on a single firm, which met the inclusion criteria. Data collection was predominately from company archival materials and publicly available documents, including newspapers. Findings An in-depth analysis of two complex innovations demonstrates the retailer’s successful management of both marketing exploration (innovation) and marketing exploitation of that innovation. Effective marketing requires operational, tactical marketing exploitation to dovetail marketing exploration. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to one successful department store. Notwithstanding, there are expectations that the lessons extend to many other retailing organizations. Practical implications The practical relevance is clear, with the emphasis on retail innovation (and especially complex innovation) as a basis for both surviving and thriving in an ever-changing marketing environment. Originality/value The use of a complex innovation approach is a novel way of examining marketing history. The study concludes that both marketing exploration and marketing exploitation are essential for retail longevity.
Tesi sul tema "Exploitation et exploration des documents"
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Cordeil, Maxime. "Exploration et exploitation de l’espace de conception des transitions animées en visualisation d’information". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0044/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les visualisations de données permettent de transmettre de l’information aux utilisateurs. Pour explorer et comprendre les données, les utilisateurs sont amenés à interagir avec ces visualisations.Toutefois, l’interaction avec les visualisations modifie le visuel. Pour éviter des changements brusques et garder l’utilisateur focalisé sur les objets graphiques d’intérêt, des transitions visuelles sont nécessaires pour accompagner les modifications de la visualisation. Ces transitions visuelles peuvent être codées sous la forme d’animations, ou de techniques qui permettent de faire des correspondances, ou des liens avec des données représentées sur plusieurs affichages. Le premier objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier les bénéfices et les propriétés des animations pour l’exploration et la compréhension de grandes quantités de données multidimensionnelles. Nous avons établi en conséquence une taxonomie des transitions animées en visualisation d’information basée sur les tâches des utilisateurs. Cette taxonomie a permis de constater qu’il n’existe pas de contrôle utilisateur sur la direction des objets durant l’animation. Nous avons donc proposé des interactions pour le contrôle de la direction des objets graphiques lors d’une transition animée. D’autre part, nous avons étudié une technique de transition animée mettant en jeu une rotation 3D entre visualisations. Nous avons identifié les avantages qu’elle pouvait apporter et en avons proposé une amélioration.Le second objectif était d’étudier les transitions visuelles dans le domaine du Contrôle du Trafic Aérien. En effet, les contrôleurs utilisent de nombreuses visualisations qui comportent des informations étalées et dupliquées sur plusieurs affichages: l’écran Radar, le tableau de strips, des listes spécifiques d’avions (départ, arrivées) etc. Ainsi dans leur activité, les Contrôleurs Aériens réalisent des transitions visuelles en recherchant et en reliant de l’information à travers les différents affichages. Nous avons étudié comment les animations pouvaient être utilisées dans le domaine du contrôle aérien en implémentant un prototype d’image radar regroupant trois visualisations usuelles pour instrumenter l’activité de supervision du trafic aérienData visualizations allow information to be transmitted to users. In order to explore and understand the data, it is often necessary for users to manipulate the display of this data. When manipulating the visualization, visual transitions are necessary to avoid abrupt changes in this visualization, and to allow the user to focus on the graphical object of interest. These visual transitions can be coded as an animation, or techniques that link the data across several displays. The first aim of this thesis was to examine the benefits and properties of animated transitions used to explore and understand large quantities of multidimensional data. In order to do so, we created a taxonomy of existing animated transitions. This taxonomy allowed us to identify that no animated transition currently exists that allows the user to control the direction of objects during the transition. We therefore proposed an animated transition that allows the user to have this control during the animation. In addition, we studied an animated transition technique that uses 3D rotation to transition between visualizations. We identified the advantages of this technique and propose an improvement to the current design. The second objective was to study the visual transitions used in the Air Traffic Control domain. Air Traffic Controllers use a number of visualizations to view vast information which is duplicated in several places: the Radar screen, the strip board, airplane lists (departures/arrivals) etc. Air traffic controllers perform visual transitions as they search between these different displays of information. We studied the way animations can be used in the Air Traffic Control domain by implementing a radar image prototype which combines three visualizations typically used by Air Traffic Controllers
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Le, Glatin Mario. "Innover pour décider : Modéliser et expérimenter l'ambidextrie décisionnelle pour gérer les métabolismes de l'organisation innovante". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM039/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Il est devenu courant de développer une organisation ambidextre dans une entreprise pour garantir un avantage compétitif dans son environnement. Cette perspective trouve ses racines dans le modèle de James March (1991) ayant la vocation de soutenir l'apprentissage organisationnel par des mécanismes adaptatifs entre agents. Ce modèle ancré dans la tradition du problem-solving propose une approche comportementaliste palliant les biais et heuristiques de la rationalité limitée. Par opposition avec les modèles de la littérature étudiant l’équilibrage entre les activités d’exploration et d’exploitation (ambidextrie), nous démontrons que l’exploration peut être plus générative si elle utilise les contraintes d’exploitation comme connaissances préalables à la génération de concepts. Ceux-là reposent sur un conditionnement positif par les paramètres des processus décisionnels contribuant à l’exploitation. De nouvelles situations décisionnelles sont ainsi conçues plutôt que de se contenter d’une traditionnelle sélection des explorations. Ce modèle –ambidextrie décisionnelle – permet de réaliser des projets capables d’explorer des conditions dépassant les limites et performances de l’exploitation. Une recherche intervention chez Zodiac Aerospace permet de rendre compte de ce nouveau modèle. Il étend ainsi la notion d’ambidextrie organisationnelle dans l’inconnu, plus adaptée au management et gouvernance de l’innovation, tout en précisant la gestion des métabolismes organisationnels nécessaires aux changements des organisations dans un conglomérat de PMEsIt is now common knowledge to develop an ambidextrous organization in a firm to guarantee a competitive advantage in its environment. Such perspective is rooted in James March’s model (1991) whose purpose is to sustain organizational learning through adaptive mechanisms between agents. This model anchored in the tradition of problem-solving offers a behavioural approach coping with biases and heuristics of bounded rationality. In contrast, with literature models studying the balance between exploration and exploitation activities (ambidexterity), we demonstrate how exploration can be more generative if it uses exploitation constraints as prior knowledge to generate concepts. These rely on positively conditioning them by decision-making parameters contributing to exploitation. New decision situations are designed instead of traditionally selecting explorations. This model - decisional ambidexterity-allows building up projects capable of exploring conditions overcoming limitations and performances of exploitation. A collaborative research conducted at Zodiac Aerospace allowed revealing such new model. It extends organizational ambidexterity into the unknown, more adapted to innovation management & governance, whilst precising how to drive organization metabolisms inducing change among participating organizations in a conglomerate of SMEs
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Lepers, Thomas. "Identification et structuration des champs d'innovation dans une business unit". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1068/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A travers l’étude du cas d’une entité exploratoire, NCA, nous cherchons à comprendre comment identifier et structurer un champ d’innovation. C’est à dire comprendre comment se fait le choix d’un domaine dans lequel mener une activité de conception innovante, et quels mécanismes permettent de mener un travail de conception innovante dans des directions pertinentes. La littérature donne peu d’éléments sur les mécanismes à l’œuvre qui vont permettre d’identifier et de structurer un champ d’innovation, en l’absence de problème spécifique à résoudre, ce qui est la situation de NCA qui s’intéresse en particulier aux innovations d’usages, pour lesquelles il n’existe pas de demande explicite des clients. Nos résultats relatifs aux processus d’innovation montrent que les activités d’exploration menée par NCA conduisent à un renouvellement des routines utilisées pour les produits historiques. L’exploration renouvelle l’exploitation. Par ailleurs, les difficultés principales rencontrées par NCA tiennent moins aux processus spécifiques à mettre en œuvre qu’à des mécanismes inopérants dans l’identification de champs d’innovation.Sur le plan organisationnel, nos résultats montrent que NCA fonctionne selon une forme d’ambidextrie simultanée, sur le plan individuel et au niveau de l’entité NCA elle même. Cela se traduit par un renouvellement de l’exploitation par l’exploration. Nous mettons aussi en lumière la forme organisationnelle originale de NCA, à la fois business unit et entité exploratoire. Cette forme d’organisation facilite le lancement de nouvelles catégories de produits, et le fait que le marché de la BU ne soit pas défini, conduit NCA à maintenir cette activité d’exploration dans le tempsOur case study based on an exploratory entity evolving from a small team to a business unit raise questions related to the identification and structuration of an innovation field. The literature gives few elements with regards to the choice of such a field, and the mechanisms to set priorities within a chosen field. Our results related to innovation processes show that exploratory activities leads to a renewal of exploitation, and also that the difficulties encountered by NCA in exploration activities are less related to the existing processes than to the choice of an innovation field. Our results related to organization show that NCA works in a mode of simultaneous ambidexterity, being able at the same time to launch new product categories and to explore new product categories. This also leads to the renewal of existing routines. The structure of NCA has also some original features, being at the same time a business unit and an exploratory entity. This exploratory business unit seems to be able to launch more easily new products categories, because there is no need to look for a landing zone, as it is the case of organisations solely responsible for exploration
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Letessier, Pierre. "Découverte et exploitation d'objets visuels fréquents dans des collections multimédia". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0014/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’objectif principal de cette thèse est la découverte d’objets visuels fréquents dans de grandes collections multimédias (images ou vidéos). Comme dans de nombreux domaines (finance, génétique, . . .), il s’agit d’extraire une connaissance de manière automatique ou semi-automatique en utilisant la fréquence d’apparition d’un objet au sein d’un corpus comme critère de pertinence. Une première contribution de la thèse est de fournir un formalisme aux problèmes de découverte et de fouille d’instances d’objets visuels fréquents. La deuxième contribution de la thèse est une méthode générique de résolution de ces deux types de problème reposant d’une part sur un processus itératif d’échantillonnage d’objets candidats et d’autre part sur une méthode efficace d’appariement d’objets rigides à large échelle. La troisième contribution de la thèse s’attache à construire une fonction de vraisemblance s’approchant au mieux de la distribution parfaite, tout en restant scalable et efficace. Les expérimentations montrent que contrairement aux méthodes de l’état de l’artnotre approche permet de découvrir efficacement des objets de très petite taille dans des millions d’images. Pour finir, plusieurs scénarios d’exploitation des graphes visuels produits par notre méthode sont proposées et expérimentés. Ceci inclut la détection d’évènements médiatiques transmédias et la suggestion de requêtes visuellesThe main goal of this thesis is to discover frequent visual objects in large multimedia collections. As in many areas (finance, genetics, . . .), it consists in extracting a knowledge, using the occurence frequency of an object in a collection as a relevance criterion. A first contribution is to provide a formalism to the problems of mining and discovery of frequent visual objects. The second contribution is a generic method to solve these two problems, based on an iterative sampling process, and on an efficient and scalable rigid objects matching. The third contribution of this work focuses on building a likelihood function close to the perfect distribution. Experiments show that contrary to state-of-the-art methods, our approach allows to discover efficiently very small objects in several millions images. Finally, several applications are presented, including trademark logos discovery, transmedia events detection or visual-based query suggestion
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Jeon, Eui Ju. "Antecedents and Consequences of Exploration and Exploitation Decisions : Evidence from Corporate Venture Capital Investing". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLH001/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse étudie la façon dont l’atteinte ou non des objectifs et la gouvernance influencent la direction du changement organisationnel – en termes d’exploration et d’exploitation - et analyse l’impact de ces effets sur la performance de l’entreprise au fil du temps. Dans un premier temps, je procède à une analyse détaillée de la littérature sur le Corporate Venture Capital afin de positionner mon propre travail de recherche dans le champs considéré et confirmer l’originalité de mes contributions. Ensuite, dans la première étude, j’examine comment la non-atteinte des objectifs fixés influe sur la direction du changement organisationnel mis en oeuvre dans l'entreprise, et étudie la façon dont ces changements sont influencés par la place qu’occupent les actionnaires stables ou passagers dans le capital de l’entreprise. Dans la seconde étude, je vérifie empiriquement la validité des propositions formulées en examinant les investissements de corporate venture capital (CVC) réalisés par un échantillon d’entreprises ayant une forte activité CVC. Enfin, l'équilibre entre exploration et exploitation au fil du temps, ainsi que les caractéristiques des oscillations entre ces deux types d’activités sont examinés dans la troisième étude constituant cette thèse. Les analyses empiriques portent sur les investissements de CVC effectués par 286 entreprises des États-Unis sur la période 1993-2013. Cette thèse contribue à la théorie comportementale de l’entreprise (Behavioral Theory of the Firm) en examinant la façon dont la structure du capital et l’actionnariat influe sur la prise de décisions en matière d’innovation et de changement. En étudiant la façon dont l'inertie organisationnelle et les phases de changement affectent les activités d'exploitation et d'exploration, cette thèse contribue aussi à la recherche sur l’ambidextrie organisationnelle. Pour finir, ce travail participe à la recherche sur le corporate venture capital au travers de l’étude des antécédents et des conséquences des activités d'exploration et d’exploitation dans le cadre de l’investissement CVCThis dissertation addresses unexplored issues on the antecedents, management, and outcomes of corporate venture capital (CVC). More specifically, I examine how negative performance feedback and corporate governance influence the direction of organizational change ˗ in terms of exploration and exploitation ˗ and how balancing such change over time influences firm performance in the CVC context. I first review the extant literature on CVC and lay out the unique contributions of my research. Then, in the first essay, I theorize on how poor firm performance influences the resource allocation decisions on exploration and exploitation and how such decisions are affected by the concentration of dedicated and transient shareholders and by the board of directors' monitoring and advising intensities. In the second essay, I empirically examine how the resource allocation decisions on exploration and exploitation are influenced by dedicated and transient shareholders in the context of CVC investing. In the third essay, I examine how balancing exploration and exploitation over time and the characteristics of oscillation impact firm performance. The empirical analysis in the latter two essays is based on CVC investments made by 286 U.S. companies during 1993-2013. This dissertation contributes to the Behavioral Theory of the Firm and Corporate Governance research by introducing how shareholders and boards influence managerial decision-making in search and change, Ambidexterity research by studying how continuous change and organizational inertia impact temporal spillover between exploration and exploitation, and CVC research by examining the antecedents and consequences of explorative and exploitative initiatives in CVC investing
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Toussaint, Maxime. "Exploitation et exploration de la diversité génétique d’une population naturelle de Streptomyces issue d’un micro-habitat sol". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0027/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les Streptomyces possédent un large arsenal enzymatique ayant des rôles importants dans le sol. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons exploré leur diversité génétique, fonctionnelle et écologique à partir de collections provenant de sols forestiers. Ainsi, l’exploration du potentiel cellulolytique et la capacité à détecter des sucres libérés lors de l’attaque du bois par des champignons lignivores a permis de créer un biosenseur dont l’exploitation pourrait constituer un nouvel outil normatif pour la détection de la dégradation du bois. Suite à une approche de génomique comparative réalisée entre des isolats sympatriques, nos résultats ont permis de démontrer que des souches phylogénétiquement très apparentées présentaient de grandes différences en termes de présence/absence de gènes, suggérant une vitesse d’évolution rapide du génome accessoire au sein de la population. Ces gènes, souvent associés à des éléments potentiellement transférables, a souligné un rôle important du transfert horizontal pour la diversification de la population. Par une approche d’écologie réverse, la fonction prédite de certains de ces gènes a également pu être corrélée avec un rôle écologique potentiel. Ainsi, l’un des clusters de gènes variables identifié était impliqué dans la production de métabolites secondaires et pourrait constituer un bien commun pour la population. Nos résultats ont confirmé la grande diversité métabolique des Streptomyces (et leur utilité à des fins appliquées), mais indique également qu’une diversification rapide entre souches proches, aurait un rôle écologique important au niveau des populations naturelles de StreptomycesStreptomyces are known to possess a large enzymatic arsenal which can have important roles in the soil. During this thesis, we explored their genetic, functional and ecological diversity using collections from forest soils. Thus, the exploration of their cellulolytic potential and their ability to detect complex sugars released by wood during lignivorous fungi attacks has led to the creation of a biosensor whose exploitation could constitute a new normative tool for the detection of the degradation of wood. Subsequent to comparative genomic approach carried out between sympatric isolates, our results also demonstrated that phylogenetically highly related strains exhibited large differences in the presence / absence of genes, suggesting a rapid rate of evolution of the population accessory genome. These genes, often associated with potentially transferable elements, underlined important role of horizontal transfer for population diversification. Using a reverse ecology approach, the predicted function of some of these genes could also be correlated with a potential ecological role. Thus, one of the variable gene clusters identified by genome analysis was involved in the production of secondary metabolites and would constitute a common good for the population. All of our results confirm the wide metabolic diversity of Streptomyces (and their utility for applied purposes), but also indicates that this diversification would be rapid between nearby strains and would have an important ecological role in the natural populations of Streptomyces
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Kacioui-Maurin, Elodie. "Exploration et exploitation, les formes d'ambidextrie organisationnelle dans l'innovation de services : le cas des prestataires de services logistiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX24013/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La recherche que nous menons s’interroge sur l’organisation des innovations incrémentales et radicales, au niveau intra et inter-entreprise, à la lumière des travaux sur l’ambidextrie organisationnelle (Tushman et O’Reilly, 1996, 1999 ; O’Reilly et Tushman, 2004 ; Birkinshaw et Gibson 2004). En prenant le cas de la prestation de services logistiques, secteur relevant de la problématique de l’innovation intensive (Le Masson, Weil et Hatchuel, 2006), notre recherche vise à étudier les modalités organisationnelles mises en œuvre pour innover, à comprendre et à identifier les facteurs explicatifs du recours aux formes d’ambidextrie organisationnelle. De plus, à notre connaissance, aucune étude n’a encore été conduite sur l’ambidextrie organisationnelle dans le secteur des services. Il s’agit donc aussi d’identifier les spécificités liées à l’organisation de l’innovation dans les entreprises de services. Pour mener à bien notre recherche, 8 études de cas ont été conduites auprès de Prestataires de Services Logistiques (PSL). 49 entretiens ont été réalisés auprès des acteurs participant aux processus d’innovation dans chaque entreprise, des données secondaires (documentation interne, presse professionnelle, etc.) ont également été collectées. Les résultats de notre étude éclairent les chercheurs et les praticiens sur les modalités organisationnelles mises en œuvre pour innover dans les entreprises de services et au sein de réseaux d’entreprises interconnectées. Notre étude identifie également les facteurs explicatifs du recours et de la combinaison des formes d’ambidextrie organisationnelle. Ces facteurs sont liés aux caractéristiques de l’entreprise, aux caractéristiques de l’innovation mais aussi aux relations inter-organisationnelles entretenues entre le prestataire et son clientThe research that we carry out examines the organization of incremental and radical innovations, both intra- and inter-enterprise, in the light of organizational ambidextry works (Tushman and O’Reilly, 1996, 1999; O’Reilly and Tushman, 2004; Birkinshaw and Gibson, 2004).Taking the case of logistics service provision, an industry concerned by the extensive innovation dilemma (Le Masson, Weil and Hatchuel, 2006), our research aims to study the organizational modalities implemented to innovate, but also to identify and understand the explanatory factors of the recourse to organizational ambidextry forms. Moreover, to our knowledge, no study has been performed on organizational ambidextry in the service industry. It is therefore, also about the identification of the specificities bound to the organization of innovation on service companies.To successfully achieve our research, case studies were performed with 8 Logistics Service Providers (LSP) companies. 49 interviews were carried out with the actors participating in the innovation process in each company. Secondary data (internal documentation, professional press, etc.) was also collected.The results enlighten the organizational modalities implemented to innovate in service companies and within interconnected companies for both researchers and practitioners. Our study also identifies the explanatory factors of the recourse to, and the combination of, organizational ambidextry forms. These factors are bound to the company’s characteristics as well as the characteristics of the innovation, but also to the inter-organizational relationship between the provider and its costumer
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Laquitaine, Steeve. "Les bases neuronales de l’apprentissage décisionnel au sein des ganglions de la base : étude électrophysiologique et comportementale chez le primate non humain". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21743/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Une question fondamentale en neuroscience, ainsi que dans de nombreuses disciplines s’intéressant à la compréhension du comportement, telles que la psychologie, l’Economie, et la sociologie, concerne les processus décisionnels par lesquels les animaux et les humains sélectionnent des actions renforcées positivement ou négativement. Les processus décisionnels ainsi que leur base neuronale demeurent mal compris. D’autre part de nombreuses études ont révélé que les humains ainsi que les animaux prennent souvent des décisions sous-optimales. Notre principal objectif a été de comprendre la raison de ces comportements sous-optimaux. Par ailleurs, l’altération des processus sous-tendant la prise de décision, entraîne des pathologies. La compréhension des mécanismes décisionnels est essentielle au développement de stratégies de traitements plus efficaces. Dans cette étude nous avons proposé une nouvelle approche de l’étude des comportements décisionnels, basée sur l’hétérogénéité des préférences créées au cours de l’apprentissage du choix. Puis nous avons corrélé l’activité du putamen et du globus pallidus interne aux comportements préalablement décrits. Nos résultats montrent que bien que les primates apprennent à identifier la meilleure option et convergent vers une stratégie optimale dans un nombre important de sessions, ils n’arrivent pas en moyenne à optimiser leur comportement. Nous avons montré que ce comportement suboptimal des primates est caractérisé par la création de préférences irrationnelles par ces derniers pour des paramètres non pertinents de l’environnement. Nous avons finalement montré que bien qu’un faible nombre de neurones du putamen encode la valeur de l’action, leur contribution à l’activité de population est faible. L’activité du putamen reflète les futures performances des primates et prédit donc la formation des comportements irrationnels et rationnelsA fundamental question in neuroscience, as well as in various fields such as economics, psychology and sociology, concerns the decision making processes by which animals and humans select actions based on reward and punishment. Both decision making processes and their neural basis are still poorly understood. Also, both human and animals often make suboptimal decisions in many tasks studied. Our first aim is to improve the understanding of why such sub-optimal decisions are made. Also, the alteration of decision making processes causes diseases, the understanding of whose mechanisms is essential in developing better treatment strategies. In this report, we propose a new approach which consists in extracting the neural substrates of choice behavior heterogeneity in between sessions. Our results show that although primates learn on average to identify the best option and converge to an optimal policy in a consequent number of sessions, they fail on average to optimize their behavior. We revealed that this suboptimal behavior was characterized by an unexpected high behavioral heterogeneity during the task that was due to the creation of irrelevant preferences by the monkeys. We finally show that although a few neurons of the putamen encode the action value, their contribution to the overall population activity is weak. Putamen activity rather reflects the futures performances and predicts the creation of rational and irrational behaviors
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Aklil, Nassim. "Apprentissage actif sous contrainte de budget en robotique et en neurosciences computationnelles. Localisation robotique et modélisation comportementale en environnement non stationnaire". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066225/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La prise de décision est un domaine très étudié en sciences, que ce soit en neurosciences pour comprendre les processus sous tendant la prise de décision chez les animaux, qu’en robotique pour modéliser des processus de prise de décision efficaces et rapides dans des tâches en environnement réel. En neurosciences, ce problème est résolu online avec des modèles de prises de décision séquentiels basés sur l’apprentissage par renforcement. En robotique, l’objectif premier est l’efficacité, dans le but d’être déployés en environnement réel. Cependant en robotique ce que l’on peut appeler le budget et qui concerne les limitations inhérentes au matériel, comme les temps de calculs, les actions limitées disponibles au robot ou la durée de vie de la batterie du robot, ne sont souvent pas prises en compte à l’heure actuelle. Nous nous proposons dans ce travail de thèse d’introduire la notion de budget comme contrainte explicite dans les processus d’apprentissage robotique appliqués à une tâche de localisation en mettant en place un modèle basé sur des travaux développés en apprentissage statistique qui traitent les données sous contrainte de budget, en limitant l’apport en données ou en posant une contrainte de temps plus explicite. Dans le but d’envisager un fonctionnement online de ce type d’algorithmes d’apprentissage budgétisé, nous discutons aussi certaines inspirations possibles qui pourraient être prises du côté des neurosciences computationnelles. Dans ce cadre, l’alternance entre recherche d’information pour la localisation et la décision de se déplacer pour un robot peuvent être indirectement liés à la notion de compromis exploration-exploitation. Nous présentons notre contribution à la modélisation de ce compromis chez l’animal dans une tâche non stationnaire impliquant différents niveaux d’incertitude, et faisons le lien avec les méthodes de bandits manchotDecision-making is a highly researched field in science, be it in neuroscience to understand the processes underlying animal decision-making, or in robotics to model efficient and rapid decision-making processes in real environments. In neuroscience, this problem is resolved online with sequential decision-making models based on reinforcement learning. In robotics, the primary objective is efficiency, in order to be deployed in real environments. However, in robotics what can be called the budget and which concerns the limitations inherent to the hardware, such as computation times, limited actions available to the robot or the lifetime of the robot battery, are often not taken into account at the present time. We propose in this thesis to introduce the notion of budget as an explicit constraint in the robotic learning processes applied to a localization task by implementing a model based on work developed in statistical learning that processes data under explicit constraints, limiting the input of data or imposing a more explicit time constraint. In order to discuss an online functioning of this type of budgeted learning algorithms, we also discuss some possible inspirations that could be taken on the side of computational neuroscience. In this context, the alternation between information retrieval for location and the decision to move for a robot may be indirectly linked to the notion of exploration-exploitation compromise. We present our contribution to the modeling of this compromise in animals in a non-stationary task involving different levels of uncertainty, and we make the link with the methods of multi-armed bandits
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Gutehrlé, Nicolas. "Information extraction from unstructured documents for the valorisation of historical periodicals : application to the heritage of the Bourgogne Franche-Comté Region in France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCC006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ces dernières années, les bibliothèques et archives ont entrepris de nombreuses campagnes de numérisation afin d'élargir l'accès du public à leurs collections d'archives. Cependant, le défi de promouvoir le contenu des collections et de rendre ces ressources accessibles reste entier. La numérisation produit souvent un contenu non structuré dans lequel il est difficile de naviguer, tandis que les interfaces qui s'appuient sur des requêtes basées sur des mots clés pour accéder aux documents d'archives peuvent fournir aux utilisateurs des résultats non pertinents. Afin d'exploiter le potentiel des « Big Data of the Past », notion introduite par Kaplan et di Lenardo en 2017, il est essentiel de développer des méthodes et des cadres pour structurer le contenu textuel des documents, dans le but d’en améliorer l’exploration et l’exploitation. Dans ce contexte, la présente thèse de doctorat aborde le problème du traitement des documents historiques numérisés, en se concentrant sur l'extraction des Entités Nommées et des Relations afin de créer des interfaces pour l'exploitation efficace des données textuelles historiques. Premièrement, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode pour déterminer la structure logique des journaux historiques en utilisant une approche à base de règles. Deuxièmement, nous présentons une méthode pour extraire les entités et les relations concernant les personnes et les lieux mentionnés dans les textes. Notre approche s’intitule Extensible, Lightweight and Interpretable Joint Extraction of Relations and Entities (ELIJERE). Elle est basée sur des ressources linguistiques obtenues par supervision distante. Enfin, nous proposons un cadre général pour l'étude de l'expression d’informations spatiales dans les documents, et un autre cadre pour l'application des méthodes de TimeLine Summarisation à des collections de documents. Nous montrons comment ces méthodes peuvent être appliquées pour produire des interfaces sémantiquement riches, telles que des frises chronologiques et des cartes, qui permettent au grand public une lecture proche ou distante de ces collectionsIn recent years, libraries and archives have undertaken numerous digitisation campaigns to widen public access to their archival collections. However, the challenge of promoting the content of collections and making these resources discoverable remains. Digitisation often produces unstructured content that is difficult to navigate, while interfaces that rely on keyword-based queries to access archival materials can provide users with irrelevant results. In order to exploit the potential of the "Big Data of the Past", notion introduced by Kaplan and di Lenardo in 2017, it is essential to develop methods and frameworks for structuring the textual content of documents, with the aim of improving their exploration and discoverability. In this context, the present Ph.D. thesis addresses the problem of processing digitised historical documents, focusing on the extraction of Named Entities and Relations in order to create interfaces for the efficient exploitation of historical textual data. Firstly, we propose a new method for determining the logical structure of historical newspapers using a rule-based approach. Secondly, we present a method for extracting entities and relations about people and places mentioned in texts. Our approach is called Extensible, Lightweight and Interpretable Joint Extraction of Relations and Entities (ELIJERE). It is based on linguistic resources obtained through distant supervision. Finally, we propose a general framework for studying the expression of spatial information in documents, and another framework for applying TimeLine Summarisation methods to document collections. We show how these methods can be applied to produce semantically rich interfaces, such as timelines and maps, that allow the general public a close and a distant reading of these collections
Libri sul tema "Exploitation et exploration des documents"
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Stockinger, Peter. Le document audiovisuel: Procédures de description et exploitation. [Paris]: Hermès science publications, 2003.
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1826-1886, Ramé Alfred, a cura di. Documents inédits sur Jacques Cartier et le Canada. [Paris?: s.n.], 1985.
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Gabriel, Marcel. Sur quelques documents peu connus relatifs à la découverte de l'Amérique. Paris: Librairies-imprimeries réunies, 1986.
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Walker & Miles, a cura di. [Circular]: We ask your attention to the enclosed documents which should be sufficient to give you confidence in the superior and reliable character of our undertaking .. [S.l: s.n., 1987.
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Ontario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Exploration et création artistique aea4o cours ouvert. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
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Ontario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: L'église et la culture hre4m. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2007.
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Ontario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Histoire de l'Occident et du monde chy4u. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
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Ontario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Politique canadienne et mondiale cpw4u cours préuniversitaire. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
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Ontario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Philosphie; approches et problématiques hzt4u cours préuniversitaire. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
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Ontario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Individus, familles et sociétés hhs4m cours préuniversitaire. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Exploitation et exploration des documents"
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Lubchenco, Jane, e Peter M. Haugan. "Critical Habitats and Biodiversity: Inventory, Thresholds and Governance". In The Blue Compendium, 333–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16277-0_10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractMarine habitats are extremely valuable in many ways (e.g., economically, culturally or for subsistence) and provide many necessary services for humans (Costanza et al. 1997, 2014). Despite their importance, coastal and oceanic habitats are increasingly threatened by fishing, climate change, oil and gas exploration, pollution and coastal development (Jackson et al. 2001; Halpern et al. 2008, 2019; Heery et al. 2017; Harris 2020). Habitat degradation and loss from these threats are not uniformly distributed and are cumulative with poorly understood interactions between pressures (Halpern et al. 2008). Despite the enormous impacts humans have had on marine ecosystems in the global ocean over the past 50 years, they tend to appear not as the complete extinction of individual species (Dulvy et al. 2003) but rather as changes in ecosystem composition and in the relative abundance and ecological status of individual species, along with more regional or local extirpations (Worm and Tittensor 2011). A species need not become globally extinct to radically alter the composition of the ecosystem (‘ecological extinction’), disappear from the local environment (‘local extinction’) or become commercially non-viable (‘commercial extinction’). Biodiversity loss is a globally significant symptom of unsustainable exploitation of Earth’s natural environment and a major threat to the ecosystem services on which we, and future generations, depend.
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"Liste des figures et des tableaux". In Pour une innovation équilibrée entre exploration et exploitation, XIII—XIV. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10qqx6t.4.
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"Liste des Figures et des Tableaux". In Pour une innovation équilibrée entre exploration et exploitation, XIII—XIV. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9782760552289-002.
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"Front Matter". In Pour une innovation équilibrée entre exploration et exploitation, I—VI. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10qqx6t.1.
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"Des exemples de tableau de bord". In Pour une innovation équilibrée entre exploration et exploitation, 67–78. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10qqx6t.10.
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"Conclusion générale". In Pour une innovation équilibrée entre exploration et exploitation, 79–80. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10qqx6t.11.
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"Bibliographie". In Pour une innovation équilibrée entre exploration et exploitation, 81–91. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10qqx6t.12.
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"Back Matter". In Pour une innovation équilibrée entre exploration et exploitation, 92. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10qqx6t.13.
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"Préface". In Pour une innovation équilibrée entre exploration et exploitation, VII—VIII. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10qqx6t.2.
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"Table of Contents". In Pour une innovation équilibrée entre exploration et exploitation, IX—XII. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10qqx6t.3.
Testo completoAtti di convegni sul tema "Exploitation et exploration des documents"
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Okamoto, Masahiro, e Tamotsu Murakami. "Proposal of Defining Exploration and Exploitation in Engineering Design and Evaluating the Degree of Exploration by Natural Language Processing". In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-88344.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Recently, in the field of business administration, the idea that ambidexterity of exploration and exploitation is necessary for organizations to continue to generate value in a sustainable manner has been attracting attention. Although the balance between exploration and exploitation is also considered to be important in engineering research and development and design, research from such a perspective has not been conducted. We have been analyzing the ambidexterity of exploration and exploitation from the perspective of design, and developing a method to evaluate the degree of ambidexterity objectively and quantitatively. In this paper, the definitions of exploration and exploitation in design, a quantitative evaluation method for the degree of exploration based on the definitions, and the results of the verification of this method are presented. The evaluation method is developed on the basis of the definition that focuses on whether the design object has changed qualitatively or quantitatively as a result of the organization’s activity. In this method, words related to the functions of the target product are extracted from the design documents, and their similarity to those in past documents is evaluated. As a result of applying the proposed method to the descriptions of past products, for which the relationship between exploration and exploitation has been clarified, it is shown that the proposed method can be appropriate as an evaluation method for exploration.
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Okamoto, Masahiro, e Tamotsu Murakami. "Proposal of Support Method for Directing Exploration and Exploitation in Engineering Design". In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-112488.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Enterprises must continuously pursue exploration and exploitation activities to enable them to adapt to rapidly changing business environments and generate sustainable profits. However, strategies that balance exploration and exploitation in engineering design have yet to be established. Previously, we developed methods to quantitatively evaluate the degree of exploration and exploitation in design by focusing on qualitative and quantitative changes in product functions and attributes, respectively; however, these methods do not support new product design. This paper presents a method that offers directions for new product design based on information from past products and large-scale external information resources. The proposed method involves extracting function phrases and attribute values from documents, product cluster analysis based on function and attribute distances, and analysis of semantic similarity of functions and chronological trends of attributes. Furthermore, the proposed method was applied to the design of a vacuum cleaner to confirm its effectiveness. Some of the suggestions included functions that lead to design exploration, while others were not effective because of the properties of the external information resources used and natural language processing. Some suggested directions for exploitation were consistent with recent trends in vacuum cleaners, indicating the effectiveness of the method; however, further validation in actual design problems is essential.
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Strauta, Lūcija. "Sapnis par kosmosa bagātībām – vai kosmosa resursu ieguve ir likumīga?" In LU Studentu zinātniskā konference "Mundus et". LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/lu.szk.2.rk.15.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper assesses whether the national legal framework of the United States, Luxembourg and the United Arab Emirates, which stipulates that space resources can be privately owned, and legalizes the acquisition of space resources for commercial purposes, complies with international space law. The article analyses the scope of space use delineated by the 1967 Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies and 1979 Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, as well as the subsequent national practices after the entry into force of these agreements, national space law, national policies and public statements. The aim of the analysis is to determine whether international space law contains a prohibition of the extraction and commercial exploitation of space resources. The study evaluates national comprehensions of the space law content with regard to the freedom to use space. It yields a conclusion that there is no absolute ban on the commercial exploitation of space resources under international space law.
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Feng, Jianyun, Ying Zhang, Jun Luo, Yan Zeng, Xiaorui Yun, Dawei Liao, Zhiliang He et al. "Geological Analysis of Typical Geothermal Systems in East of China". In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0167.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT: Eastern China, which lies to the east of the Hu Huanyong Line that connects the Heihe and Tengchong areas, has a high population density, a developed economy, and a huge demand for energy. To determine the geothermal resources in eastern China, this study analyzed the typical geothermal systems in this region based on disciplines of structural geology, and petrology. As a result, this study determined the distribution patterns of medium and deep geothermal resources in this region. Eastern China is a superimposed region of three major global tectonic domains, namely Paleo-Asia, Circum-Pacific, and Tethyan. Its crust-mantle structure presents a special flyover pattern, while its shallow surface has alternating basins and mountains and well-spaced uplifts and depressions. Studies have shown that medium-high-temperature geothermal resources in China are mainly distributed in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins in eastern China. However, they are dominated by medium-temperature geothermal resources with low abundance. The geothermal reservoir types mainly include porous sandstone reservoirs, karstified fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs, and fissured granite reservoirs. 1. INTRODUCTION Eastern China, which lies to the east of the Hu Huanyong Line that connects the Heihe and Tengchong areas, consists of Northeast China, North China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Southwest China, and South China from north to south, has a high population density, hosting 96% of the total population of China, as well as a developed economy and a huge demand for energy (Fig. 1). As an earth-derived energy source, geothermal resources are clean, renewable, and highly competitive and can be used for indoor heating, industrial and agricultural utilization, and power generation. The successive launch of national projects in China, such as the Deep Resource Exploration and Exploitation Program, began the exploration of the deep earth in China, and important achievements have been increasingly achieved in basic geology and geothermal geology. Moreover, research on deep-crust temperature and crust-mantle dynamic mechanisms has been gradually intensified (Shi 1990; Xu et al., 1995; He et al., 2001; An et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2012; Qiu et al., 2015). Remarkable progress has been made in research on terrestrial heat flow (Jiang et al., 2016, 2019), geothermal system types (Chen et al., 1996; Zhang et al., 2017), the division of geotectonic units and geothermal units (Pan et al., 2009; He et al., 2017), the selection and evaluation of optimal exploration areas (He et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020; Ke et al., 2022), hot dry rock development experiments (Wang et al., 2022), and geothermal applications (Wang et al., 2014), laying a solid foundation for the study of deep geothermal resources.
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Yun, Xiaorui, Jianyun Feng, Ying Zhang e Yan Zeng. "Geothermal Resource Evaluation Based on Geological Modeling in Fushan Sag, Beibuwan Basin". In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0217.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT: Fushan Sag is in the south of Beibuwan Basin, with rich geothermal resources and large development potential. Based on the regional geological background, geothermal geological conditions, this paper systematically analyzes the characteristics of thermal reservoir and evaluates the amount of geothermal resources based on geological modeling. The results show that The geothermal gradient in Fushan sag ranges from 2.48 to 4.68 °C/100m, with an average value of 3.35 °C/100m, the terrestrial heat flow values is 56.05-82.54 mW/m2 and the amount of deep geothermal resources within a range of 3-6 km is 1.4⁎1013J. 1. INTRODUCTION Deep geothermal resources, including hydrothermal resources and hot dry rock (HDR), geothermal resources are usually buried at a depth greater than 3 km, (Dai and Chen, 2008; Younger et al., 2012; Muffler and Cataldi, 1978; Pang et al., 2020; Tester et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2017, 2002; Wang et al., 2012; Williams et al., 2008; Zhang Y et al., 2020). Beibuwan Basin located in the northern part of South China Sea has been a key area for oil and gas exploration and development in recent years, and a large number of researches have been carried out on the basin structure, rocks, sedimentation, oil and gas reservoirs, etc. It is found in the process of oil and gas exploration that the overall geothermal temperature gradient in Beibuwan Basin is relatively high, and the geothermal temperature gradient of the Cenozoic stratum of the Sag area is generally in the range of 3.1-3.8°C/100m, and that the uplift area can reach 4-7°C/100m, indicating that the basin has the potential for geothermal resource development. Fushan Sag is in the south of Beibuwan Basin, with rich geothermal resources and large development potential, but the research degree is low and has not yet been exploited on a large scale (Zhu and Jiang, 1998; Li et al., 2012; Huang et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2008; Meng et al., 2009; Ma et al., 2012; Wu and Liu, 2021; Zheng et al., 2022; Gao et al., 2020; Dai et al., 2009; Li et al., 2007; Xu et al., 2021). Strengthening the research on the structure of the geothermal field, geothermal geologic conditions, amount of geothermal resources, and exploitation potential of the region is of great strategic significance to improve the energy structure of Hainan Island.
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Alfajri, Reza, Sakti Parsaulian Siregar, Liston Sitanggang e Andar Parulian Hutasoit. "Operational Data Repository as the First Step to Digital Oil Field". In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205718-ms.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Digital oil field is a terminology that frequently appeared in the last few years. In the era of industry 4.0 and the proliferation of digital technology, oil and gas companies need to adapt in order to gain advantage in business process development, and this term is the answer. In digital oil field, data is significantly valuable. Therefore, robust database and real time data monitoring need to be developed. Pertamina EP has established a robust, easy-to-access, and web-based database application called Operational Data Repository (ODR). This application handles end-to-end business process from exploration all the way to commercial. Several modules were integrated for this application and the main modules consist of exploration, exploitation, production, finance, safety and commercial. For every module in ODR, the first task to carry is to create and input master data. After database is created, calculation according to module's purpose is performed. Once the system is there, automatic data acquisition and monitoring will enter the picture. Exploration module in ODR handles database of Pertamina EP exploration activities. This module include lithology, biostratigraphy, and geochemical data of exploration project in Pertamina EP. This module ensures that initial data of a structure is preserved and available. Exploitation module deals with oil and gas reserves and resources reporting process, well proposal for annual work plan, and surface project monitoring. This module rules development phase from subsurface to surface. Production module shows daily operational activities, production data, and quadrant mapping of wells productivity. Data from this module is taken for evaluating production and operation performance. Finance module handles company's financial report, including revenue, expense, and tax. Safety module handles work permit, hazard identification, risk assessment and control for every project and work plan. Safety is a very important aspect in a company and this module ensures that documents needed to perform work safely is well-documented and easy to submit and access. Last but not least is commercial module. This module consists of gas sales agreement documents (GSA), metering system location, and customer complaints monitoring. ODR has already been well-established, therefore Pertamina EP started its pilot project for automatic data acquisition for eight wells and currently on monitoring phase. This paper describes Pertamina EP first step to digital oil field, which is developing virtual warehouse to store company's data. The step is strengthened with attempting for automatic data acquisition that will be integrated to the ODR for the next phase.
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Li, Haoyu, Wendong Wang, Yuliang Su, Yuxuan Deng, Dongxia Li, Lei Li e Yongmao Hao. "High-Precision Triple Multiscale Model Characterizes the Complex Pore-Fracture System of Continental Shale Reservoir". In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0855.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT: Continental shale reservoirs display distinct features, including elevated organic-rich clay content, intricate migration mechanisms, and multiscale porosity. Traditional reservoir flow and transport theories are unsuitable for the porous structure of shale oil reservoirs. This study employs a dual-medium model to depict both organic and inorganic porosity within shale reservoirs. Furthermore, an embedded discrete fracture model characterizes hydraulic fractures, establishing a multi-medium model encompassing organic porosity, inorganic porosity, and fractures. Additionally, this investigation comprehensively addresses the micro-scale flow mechanisms of shale oil, precisely delineating the multiphase flow characteristics in the multiscale media of continental shale. This methodology significantly improves the accuracy of numerical simulations for continental shale oil reservoirs. The exploration of different flow mechanisms' impact on shale oil production reveals a consistent decline in cumulative oil production as the stress sensitivity coefficient increases. The analysis of shale oil reservoir production variation, considering adsorption, indicates that organic matter adsorption contributes approximately 10% to the total shale oil production. 1. INTRODUCTION The progress in horizontal well drilling and hydraulic fracturing technology (Bowker et al., 2007) has positioned the development of shale oil reservoirs as a prospective solution to meet the growing global energy demand (Sun et al., 2021). This has, in turn, prompted the exploration and exploitation of shale oil in several nations. Advances in shale oil extraction have spurred the exploration and development of shale oil in multiple nations (Liu et al., 2022). In China, the potentially recoverable resources of low-maturity shale oil in continental shale are estimated to range from 700 to 900 million tons (Zhao et al., 2020), underscoring the considerable potential of shale oil resources. Therefore, the efficient extraction of shale oil is of paramount importance for national energy independence and security. Continental shale oil reservoirs in China exhibit characteristics such as low porosity, low permeability, heterogeneity, and multiscale porosity media (Xu et al., 2022). The structural composition of shale includes organic matter, predominantly kerogen, along with minorganic minerals like quartz, clay minerals, and natural fractures (Liu et al., 2022). Under the action of hydraulic fracturing, a multi-scale pore-fracture network is formed in shale oil reservoirs (Deng et al., 2023). Nevertheless, current numerical simulation tools struggle to precisely depict the migration mechanism of shale oil within multi-scale media and calculate flow transitions between different media (Wang et al., 2023). This limitation has implications for the accuracy of flow simulations in shale oil reservoirs and the precise prediction of production outcomes.
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Tian, Ganghua, Haizhu Wang, Bin Wang, Mingliang Shi e Yong Zheng. "Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Fracture Vertical Propagation in Bedded Shale by Phase-Field Method". In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0898.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT: Volumetric fracturing technology is an effective tool for shale oil exploration. The developed bedding planes and strong inhomogeneity of continental shale make them limited in fracture seam height propagation, which restricts the efficient extraction of shale oil. To better understand the law of hydraulic fracture propagation in the vertical direction, a coupled hydraulic-mechanic-damage model is established based on the phase field method to study the propagation of fractures in bedded shales. Based on this model, the effects of fracturing fluid viscosity and alternative injection methods were simulated. Following research results were obtained. The strong filtration loss of low-viscosity fracturing fluid leads to a shorter fracture height and tends to open the bedding planes. Increasing the viscosity can significantly enhance the penetration capacity of the hydraulic fracture and thus improve the stimulation efficiency. Additionally, the alternative injection method of injecting high-viscosity fracturing fluid before the low-viscosity one can breach the constraints of the laminae in the near-well zone and achieve sufficient reconstruction of the reservoir in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, in practical applications, reasonable fracturing fluid design and injection schemes need to be chosen according to different geological conditions and engineering needs to get better fracturing modification performance. 1. INTRODUCTION Hydraulic fracturing is an important tool for the efficient exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources (Yu et al., 2023). However, this also increases the risk of water contamination and geological instability. Therefore, numerical simulations are needed to accurately predict hydraulic fractures to guide fracturing scheme optimization while avoiding potential risks (Yang et al., 2022). Current numerical methods for hydraulic fracture propagation investigations are categorized into two main types: discrete and continuous methods. The latter saves the work of dealing with displacement discontinuities of complex crack surfaces when simulating crack extension and is easier to implement numerically. Continuum methods such as the gradient damage model (Sun et al., 2021), screening Poisson method (Areias et al., 2016), peridynamic model (Nadimi et al., 2016, Ni et al., 2020, Qin et al., 2021), and phase field model (PFM) (Zhou & Zhuang, 2020, Liu et al., 2021, Liu et al., 2022, Zhuang et al., 2023) are widely used.
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Yao, Xuezhe, Xianzhi Song, Liang Han, Zheng Wang, Rui Zhang, Wei Liu, Jiasheng Fu, Shuo Zhu e Zhaopeng Zhu. "A Novel Method for Real-Time Identification of Formation Lithology Based on Machine Learning". In 56th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2022-2310.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT: Real-time identification of formation lithology is of great significance to optimization of drilling rate and directional drilling. However, the experimental observation method and the statistical analysis method require researchers with rich experience and professional knowledge, and the identification efficiency is low and the cost is high. The goal of this study is to employ machine learning for identifying lithology from only the real-time drilling parameters without any downhole measurements. First, the real-time drilling data were cleaned, and then the correlation between each drilling parameter and formation lithology was analyzed by correlation analysis algorithm, and 13 drilling parameters were selected as model inputs. And then random forest (RF) and XGBoost algorithms are used to develop lithology identification models respectively. The results show that the XGBoost model has the best result in identifying formation lithology, with an accuracy of 79.21%. Finally, feature importance analysis shown that MWI, MWO and MFI have important effects on model performance. This study has important implications for improving the probability of drilling into reservoirs and reducing drilling costs. 1. INTRODUCTION Lithology identification is an important basic problem in the fields of geology, oil and gas exploitation, resource exploration, geotechnical engineering, etc (Xu et al., 2021). In drilling engineering, accurate and timely determination of the formation lithology at the positive bit is one of the most important factors to ensure safe and efficient drilling (Al-AbdulJabbar et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2017; Shan et al., 2015). The classical lithology identification methods mainly include two kinds, one is the experimental observation method, through the direct observation of rock specimens or rock cast thin slices, the rocks can be classified according to their mineral composition, color, etc (Guojun et al., 2010; Hu et al., 2010). The other is the statistical analysis method, the logging cross-section chart is drawn by measuring the logging response characteristics of pure rocks, and then the rock type is roughly determined according to the actual logging values (Teama et al., 2016; Zhou et al., 2016). The above two traditional lithology identification methods require researchers with rich experience and professional knowledge, and the identification efficiency is low and the cost is high. Therefore, a fast and accurate method for lithology identification is urgently needed.
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Yang, H., H. F. Duan, Q. Zhao e J. B. Zhu. "Dynamic Stress Wave Behaviors Across Single Fluid-Filled Rock Fractures". In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0783.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT: Dynamic stress waves are commonly encountered in geoengineering operations (e.g., rock blasting and hydraulic fracturing) and natural events (e.g., earthquake ruptures and volcanic eruptions), strongly influencing the deformation and failure of rock masses and rock infrastructures. Understanding dynamic stress wave behavior across rock fractures is essential for mining, tunneling, geothermal energy extraction, and hydrocarbon exploitation. The present study conducted considerable dynamic impact tests on synthetic fluid-filled rock fractures under different saturation conditions through a custom-made split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test system, aiming to quantitatively determine dynamic stress wave behaviors across fluid-filled rock fractures. The SHPB test data were processed to estimate transmission and reflection coefficients, and wave attenuation factors for quantifying dynamic stress wave responses of fluid-filled rock fractures. The experimental results show that increasing water content and decreasing fracture thickness lead to more wave transmission and less wave reflection. Wave attenuation decreases with rising water content within the range of 0% – 75% and reducing fracture thickness. A distinctive finding is that rock fractures fully saturated with water experienced more wave attenuation than those in close-to-saturation scenarios, which could be attributed to the energy consumption induced by the wave-induced fluid flow out of the filled joint (i.e., squirt flow). 1. INTRODUCTION The interaction of seismic waves and fluid-filled rock joints has been a hotspot of geomechanics and geophysics because it is of great importance to reservoir detection and characterization, geothermal exploration and extraction, underground engineering appraisal, exploration seismology, earthquake engineering, etc. (Reiser et al., 2020; Viswanathan et al., 2022). Considerable efforts have been devoted to low-intensity wave behaviors across individual fluid-filled rock fractures via laboratory experiments. Place et al. (2016) performed ultrasonic measurements on single fractures fully filled with air, water, or grouts at different cement contents, where the filling fluid was almost at rest or moving at a controlled flow rate through the fracture. They found that the fluid type highly affects reflected wave spectra and energy, while the internal fluid flow has negligible influences on wave reflection. Kamali-Asl et al. (2019) conducted the flow-through-fracture tests with concurrent measurements of the ultrasonic P- and cross-polarized S-waves propagation along the fracture. Their test results showed that the decreasing fracture aperture caused less P-wave attenuation and higher P-wave velocity while increasing the amplitude of cross-polarized S-waves. Yang et al. (2020, 2021) performed massive ultrasonic pulse-transmission tests on individual fluid-filled rock fractures, clarifying the role of the fluid composition and spatial distribution, fracture orientation, and temperature in P-wave signatures across single fluid-filled rock fractures.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Exploitation et exploration des documents"
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Nédellec, Claire, Adeline Nazarenko, Francis André, Catherine Balivo, Béatrice Daille, Anastasia Drouot, Jorge Flores et al. Recommandations sur l’analyse automatique de documents : acquisition, gestion, exploration. Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, settembre 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.52949/10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le groupe de travail "Fouille de textes et analyse de données" du Comité pour la science ouverte émet des recommandations sur les bonnes pratiques pour l'analyse de données. Elles portent sur l'acquisition et le partage des documents, l'utilisation de logiciels de gestion, d’exploration ou d’analyse, l'exploitation des résultats et la diffusion d’extraits de documents.
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Fleming, Joanna, John I. MacArtney, Abi Eccles, Catherine Grimley, Helen Wesson, Catriona Mayland, Sarah Mitchell et al. Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on Hospices (ICoH): Senior Management Cohort and Grey Evidence Report. University of Warwick Press, maggio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-911675-05-1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This report describes the diversity of experiences of people with life-limiting illnesses who were supported by hospices in the West Midlands during the pandemic. It is one of four cohort reports – the others focus on patients, carers, and frontline hospice staff respectively – that form the evidence base for a Policy Report into the impact of Covid-19 on hospices. In these reports we address the nine key themes that were identified as potentially important in our previous collaborative knowledge synthesis (MacArtney et al., 2021) and seek to address some of the policy gaps we identified in our review of recommendations for hospice practice and policy (van Langen-Datta et al., 2022). Together these outputs are the result of an Economic and Social Research Council funded study (grant number: ES/W001837/1) that is one of the first studies to contribute an in-depth exploration of hospice-based experiences of the pandemic to the growing body of knowledge about the effectiveness and effects of changes to hospice services, at regional and national levels, in response to Covid-19. As the key decision makers during the Covid-19 pandemic, this part of the ICoH study aimed to explore senior managers’ experiences and to understand how they responded to the challenges imposed on them whilst still delivering a high-quality palliative care service. Coupled with hospice grey evidence in the form of, for example, senior management emails to staff, policy and guideline documents, we can start to understand the pressures and context in which decisions were made, including what worked well and what did not. The aim of this report is therefore to explore experiences of senior managers during the Covid-19 pandemic to identify recommendations for clinical practice and healthcare policy. Drawing on these findings, this report offers recommendations for hospices managers and clinicians who continue to provide care and support for people with life limiting conditions during the ongoing pandemic. These recommendations will also be of interest to local commissioners who will need to work with hospices in their region to ensure people with life-limiting conditions receive the support they need, and national policymakers who will need to ensure the necessary resources and guidance are available.