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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Experimental trials"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 13 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Experimental trials"

Bolton, Sanford. "Experimental Design in Clinical Trials". Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs 17, n. 4 (gennaio 2000): 285–344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10601330009010839.

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Hamilton, E. P., G. H. Lyman, S. Kim e J. Peppercorn. "Availability of experimental therapy outside of randomized clinical trials in oncology". Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, n. 15_suppl (20 maggio 2009): 6539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.6539.

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6539 Background: Investigational cancer therapies may be available outside of trials, or “off protocol” (OPRx), with implications for patient safety, trial accrual, and access to care. Previous studies suggest OPRx is prevalent in oncology, but there is little consensus on when it should or should not be considered. We evaluated the scope and impact of OPRx through assessment of availability of the experimental arms of recent randomized trials (RCT), and evaluation of study outcomes and accrual. Methods: We conducted a Medline search to identify all English language phase III RCT of medical interventions in oncology over a 2-year period ending April 17, 2008. We determined availability of experimental interventions based on FDA approval for any indication. We limited assessment of accrual (time to trial completion, patients/month) to studies with US sites. Significance of results was assessed by Fisher's exact test and unpaired t-test. Results: We identified 172 eligible RCT. The majority of RCT (108, 63%) evaluated drugs that were available OPRx at trial initiation, while an additional 19 (11%) trial drugs became available during the trial. 64 (55%) were available due to FDA approval for the same cancer in a different setting, 40 (35%) for a different cancer, and 12 (10%) for a non-cancer indication. 25% of trials were conducted at only US sites, 15% included US and international sites, and 60% were international only. Trials in which OPRx was available had slower time to completion compared to trials in which OPRx was unavailable (48 vs. 26 months, p = 0.04) and a trend towards slower accrual (14.0 vs. 40.7 patients/month, p = 0.06). For the majority of RCT (66%), there was at least one grade 3/4 toxicity that was greater in the experimental arm, for 47% the experimental interventions proved superior for 1 major outcome, and 27% demonstrated improvement in overall survival. These outcomes did not vary based on availability OPRx. Conclusions: The majority of recent oncology trials involve experimental regimens that are available outside of a trial. The safety and efficacy of novel interventions must be determined by trials but availability of OPRX may impact accrual. Guidelines are needed for OPRx in oncology. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Cicchetti, Americo, Domenico Addesso, Filippo Elvino Leone, Antonino Amato, Luca Angerame, Angelo D'Aversa, Mario Fraticelli et al. "Valorization of clinical trials from the Italian National Health Service perspective: definition and first application of a model to estimate avoided costs". Global & Regional Health Technology Assessment 7, n. 1 (16 giugno 2020): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/grhta.2020.709.

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Introduction: From the perspective of healthcare organizations and public health care systems, the value of a clinical trial can be assessed from a clinical and economical perspective. However, to date, there is no standardized model for systematically capturing the economic value of clinical trials at organizational and system levels. The aim of this study was to develop and test a methodology for estimating the avoided costs deriving from the management of patients as part of a clinical trial. Methods: Our methodology is based on the assumption that the economic value of a clinical trial derives from 1) the funding received by the experimental site from a trial’s sponsor, and from 2) the cost avoided by the experimental site with the treatment of patients within a study and not according to standard care by the experimental site. Results: By applying the methodology to onco-hematological clinical trials conducted in two academic hospitals from 2011 to 2016, we demonstrate that savings between 2 million and 4 million euros were achieved over a five-year period. Thus, for every 1,000 euros invested by the pharmaceutical company into the clinical studies conducted at these hospitals, the hospitals saved on average 2,200 euros due to costs not incurred as a result of the trials. Conclusions: The study has proposed and tested a methodology for estimating the economic value of clinical trials by taking into account avoided costs deriving from the treatment of patients enrolled in sponsored trials. The study has proposed a management tool for healthcare institutions to govern clinical trials.

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Menefee, Michael E., Yutao Gong, Pallavi Shruti Mishra-Kalyani, Rajeshwari Sridhara, Bindu Kanapuru, Gideon Michael Blumenthal e Richard Pazdur. "Project Switch: Docetaxel as a potential synthetic control in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) trials." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, n. 15_suppl (20 maggio 2019): 9105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.9105.

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9105 Background: Docetaxel is a common comparator arm to test novel therapies in post-platinum mNSCLC trials. The advent of Real World Evidence (RWE) has renewed interest in the use of synthetic control arms (control arms from previously conducted randomized trials) to improve accrual to trials and increase patient access of promising experimental agents. We reviewed legacy second-line (2L) mNSCLC trials to assess the impact of switching docetaxel control arms from one trial to another and compare to an experimental regimen. Methods: We identified 5 contemporary 2L trials that enrolled 2013 patients receiving an experimental therapy vs. docetaxel: 5 immunoncology head-to-head trials (one with 2 arms) and one anti-VEGF add-on trial. Kaplan-Meier curves of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were produced for docetaxel controls. We calculated OS and PFS hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for each synthetic trial. A pooled doc arm was also compared with each experimental agent. Results: See Table. Conclusions: Both individual and pooled docetaxel switching of control arms approximated the original OS HR and 95% CI. Methods such as bootstrapped sampling and propensity score matching will be performed in an effort to more closely approximate the original trial characteristics. [Table: see text]

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Hamilton, Erika P., Gary H. Lyman e Jeffrey Peppercorn. "Availability of Experimental Therapy Outside Oncology Randomized Clinical Trials in the United States". Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, n. 34 (1 dicembre 2010): 5067–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.28.6567.

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Purpose Investigational cancer therapies may be available outside trials as “off-protocol therapy” (OPRx), with implications for patient safety, trial accrual, and access to care. We conducted a literature-based analysis of recent randomized trials to evaluate the potential scope and impact of OPRx in the United States. Methods A MEDLINE search identified all English-language phase III medical oncology randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published over a 2-year period ending April 17, 2008. Determination of OPRx availability was based on US Food and Drug Administration approval for any indication. We limited assessment of accrual to studies with US sites. Data from articles were extracted independently by two investigators. Results Among 172 eligible RCTs, the majority (108; 63%) evaluated drugs that were available OPRx in the United States at trial initiation, while an additional 19 (11%) evaluated interventions that became available during the trial. Among trials with US sites, time to accrual was slower (41 vs 22 months; P = .002) and less efficient (8.8 v 22.7 patients per month; P = .001) when OPRx was available. Sixty-six percent of RCTs reported at least one increased grade 3 to 4 toxicity in the experimental arm, 47% reported superior efficacy for at least one major clinical outcome in the experimental arm, and 27% reported improvement in overall survival. These outcomes did not vary on the basis of OPRx availability. Conclusion The majority of recent oncology RCTs involve experimental interventions that are available outside trials in the United States with potential impact on trial accrual. The safety and efficacy of novel interventions must be determined by clinical trials.

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Fujinaka, Hidehiko, Masanori Hara, Makoto Uchiyama, Eishin Yaoita, Katsutoshi Kawasaki, Tadashi Yamamoto e Itaru Kihara. "Therapeutic Trials of Experimental Crescentic Glomerulonephritis." Nihon Shoni Jinzobyo Gakkai Zasshi 10, n. 1 (1997): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3165/jjpn.10.87.

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Salama, Ragga H., Abd El Rahman G. Ramadan, Tasneem A. Alsanory, Mohammed O. Herdan, Omnia M. Fathallah e Aya A. Alsanory. "Experimental and Therapeutic Trials of Amygdalin". International Journal of Biochemistry and Pharmacology 1, n. 1 (28 ottobre 2019): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18689/ijbp-1000105.

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Finkel, R. "Experimental trials in spinal muscular atrophy". Neuromuscular Disorders 27 (marzo 2017): S2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8966(17)30224-9.

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Gibbs, Lauren. "Rethinking Eligibility for Experimental Clinical Trials". JAMA Neurology 75, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.3492.

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Fast, Patricia E., e Mary Clare Walker. "Human trials of experimental AIDS vaccines". AIDS 7 (gennaio 1992): S147—S160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199201001-00020.

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Tesi sul tema "Experimental trials"

Matassa, Vincenzo. "Optimisation of experimental design and analysis for sugarcane variety trials /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17336.pdf.

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Kirvesoja, H. (Heli). "Experimental ergonomic evaluation with user trials: EEE product development procedures". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2001. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514259378.

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Abstract The main difficulty in the usability evaluation of a product concept or a prototype is that it is very difficult to take reliably into account many different characteristics or attributes, which cannot be measured with the same unit, scale or instrument. Secondly, evaluation always involves some uncertainty. One can never be really sure that all the essential aspects that affect the final user emphasis are taken into consideration. This uncertainty can be decreased by involving diverse people in the evaluation process during R&D or, before the final decision, by elaborating the best ideas to a level at which they can be really used on a pilot scale in the field. Most often, though, the latter takes too much time and would result in many other problems. Evaluation can possibly be best enhanced by using enough involved people, i.e. various experts and especially end-users, who need or use the product in question. A key ingredient to the success of product development, in addition to ergonomic knowledge, is often thought to be active involvement of the intended product users by (1) measuring user-product interaction and (2) participation in design decisions. When a potential end-user experiments with the product, both quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods can be used. This thesis shows some methodological possibilities of evaluation, especially through simulation. It also describes in detail the practical phases of the experiments. For example, a lot of development was needed to find out how to communicate product alternatives and their concepts to (elderly) users. And most importantly, this thesis aims to give evidence of how the procedure called experimental ergonomic evaluation (EEE) should be feasibly implemented and statistically confirmed for significance and consistency. A special focus in the experiments was placed on elderly end-users. Since the number of elderly citizens is increasing, there is a need for products to help the elderly live independently at their homes. Studying and understanding how users accomplish their tasks helps to identify their needs and to formulate implications for the design of technology to satisfy those needs. Thus, user studies conducted before beginning to design a new technology provide a proactive way of involving users in the design process. The first prototypes then enable usability studies, such as user trials. With an emphasis on usability engineering, trials can be developed into more feasible EEE procedures for industrial companies. All the developed and applied EEE procedures were based on a user-centred approach with different user trial types (N = 15). The users as subjects (N = 264) performed as real tasks as possible and, based on their perceptions during the trials, gave their preferences or scored certain variables. The subjects were also observed and measured by the researcher. The products or other technologies in the trials comprised a total of 9 cases, ranging from "low-tech" steps and chairs to "high-tech" information and communication technology (ICT) applications. The perceived preference and observed performance measures were then combined. Different methods are needed simultaneously to make the results more accurate. The present EEE procedures proved to be cost-effective, efficient and sufficiently valid at least in a research context. The EEE procedures ranged from subjective estimations, such as rating and ranking, to more complex multi-criteria methods that can be used to facilitate decision-making, such as conjoint analysis, Mitchell's paired comparison and use-value analysis. Objective evaluation was also used, including measurement of products and users as well various observations. Both experts and end-users (subjects) had their own important roles in the experiment. Based on this study, EEE procedures are easy to implement in industry for routine usability testing in the course of product development. EEE with its wide coverage yields more universal and absolute usability values, not only ones based on direct benchmarking.

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Xu, Bo. "Predictors of treatment means for a one factor completely randomized design". Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3372284/.

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Lind, Torbjörn. "Iron and zinc in infancy : results from experimental trials in Sweden and Indonesiaa". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-277.

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Background: Iron and zinc are difficult to provide in sufficient amounts in complementary foods to infants world-wide, resulting in high prevalence of both iron and zinc deficiency. These deficiency states cause anemia, delayed neurodevelopment, impaired growth, and increased susceptibility to infections such as diarrhea and respiratory infections. Design: Two different intervention strategies; reduction of a possible inhibitor of iron and zinc absorption, i.e. phytate, or supplementation with iron and zinc, were applied to two different populations in order to improve iron and zinc nutrition: In a high-income population (Umeå, Sweden), the amount of phytate in commonly consumed infant cereals was reduced. Healthy, term infants (n=300) were at 6 mo of age randomized to phytate-reduced infant cereals, conventional infant cereals, or infant formula and porridge. In a low income population (Purworejo, Indonesia), daily iron and zinc supplementation was given. Healthy, term infants (n=680) were at 6 mo randomized to supplementation with iron, zinc, a combination of iron and zinc, or placebo. Blood samples, anthropometrical measurements, and data on infant neurodevelopment and morbidity were collected. Also, in the Swedish study, detailed information on the dietary intake was recorded. Results: In the Swedish study, the reduction of phytate had little effect on iron and zinc status, growth, development or incidence of diarrhea or respiratory infections, possibly due to the presence of high contents of ascorbic acid, which may counteract the negative effects of phytate. In the Indonesian study, significant negative interaction between iron and zinc was evident for several of the outcomes; Hb and serum ferritin improved more in the iron only group compared to placebo or the combined iron and zinc group. Further, supplementation with iron alone improved infant psychomotor development and knee-heel length, whereas supplementation with zinc alone improved weight and knee-heel length compared to placebo. Combined iron and zinc supplementation did decrease the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and low serum zinc, but had no other positive effects. Vomiting was more common in the combined group. Analyses of dietary intake from the Swedish study showed that dietary iron intake in the 6-11 mo period was significantly associated with Hb, but not serum ferritin at 9 and 12 mo, whereas the opposite was true in the 12-17 mo period, i.e. dietary iron intake was significantly associated with serum ferritin, but not Hb at 18 mo. Conclusions: The phytate content of commercial infant cereals does not seem to contribute to poor iron and zinc status of Swedish infants as feared. However, the current definitions of iron and zinc deficiency in infancy may overestimate the problem, and a change in the recommended cutoffs is suggested. These studies also indicate that dietary iron is preferably channeled towards erythropoiesis during infancy, but to an increasing amount channeled towards storage in early childhood. This suggests that in evaluating dietary programs, Hb may be superior in monitoring response to dietary iron in infancy, whereas S-Ft may respond better later in childhood. However, as shown in this study, increasing Hb may not necessarily be an indicator of iron deficiency, as more dietary iron increased Hb regardless of iron status. In the low-income setting combined supplementation with iron and zinc resulted in significant negative interaction. Thus, it is not possible to recommend routine iron-zinc supplementation at the molar concentration and mode used in this study. It is imperative that further research efforts are focused at finding cost-effective strategies to prevent iron and zinc deficiency in low-income populations.

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Dhaliwal, Lesley. "Research design and effect size : a meta-analysis of mood disorder experimental trials". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54731.

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The design of experimental studies can have a significant influence on effect size; however, this influence is rarely given enough consideration during the interpretation and comparison of research results. This paper examines whether there is a significant difference between the effect sizes from placebo-controlled versus treatment-controlled trials. This issue was studied by conducting a meta-analysis of approximately 37 RCTs of mood disorder therapies. The results of this methodological investigation confirmed that there is a statistically significant difference between the weighted effect sizes from the two groups of studies that were compared. These results support the claim that the type of control group is an important factor to consider in the design and interpretation of experimental studies. This analysis is a methodological contribution as it addresses how the type of control group in a RCT impacts the outcome of a study, and more specifically the effect size. The outcome of this research also challenges the effectiveness of treatments that have been tested against only one type of control in experimental studies.
Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate

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Gatch, Michael B. "An Experimental Analysis of Higher-Order Stimulus Control in Humans". DigitalCommons@USU, 1990. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6017.

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This dissertation explored sane effects of context on the development of stimulus classes and the transfer of stimulus functions to novel stimuli. The research was also intended to demonstrate the utility of current behavioral theories for prediction and control of contextual effects on class formation. In Experiment lA, contextual control of stimulus classes was established successfully in all six college-student subjects. Matching-to-sample training successfully transferred the function of the contextual stimuli to four novel stimuli, whim resulted in the formation of two three-member classes of contextual stimuli. The first portion of Experiment 1B replicated Experiment 1A with three additional subjects. In the second portion, matching-to-sample training resulted in the establishment of two six-member contextual classes. In Experiment 2, three of four subjects learned a matching-to-sample task in whim the role of the contextual stimuli was controlled by a pair of ''higher-order'' contextual stimuli. 'Iwo of the subjects received matching-to-sample training in whim the function of the higher-order contextual stimuli was transferred to four novel stimuli, which resulted in the development of two three-member, higher-order contextual classes. Experiments 3A, 3B, and 3C demonstrated that sane groupings of stimuli are more difficult to learn than other groupings. The experiments found that overlapping roles of stimuli tended to confuse subjects and that subjects, when confused, would respond based on "familiarity" to stimuli rather than on the conditional relations. Experiments 4A and 4B demonstrated that types of matching performance (identity, oddity, and arbitrary) can be controlled by the presence of contextual stimuli. The experiments also provided evidence supporting the idea that generalized identity (reflexivity) and generalized oddity performances are closely related to, if not prerequisites for, successful arbitrary matching and the development of stimulus classes.

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McBride, Ali. "Evaluating Fast Track Time Analysis of Clinical Drug Trial Phases Utilizing a Quasi-Experimental Observational Study". The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624440.

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Class of 2007 Abstract
Objectives: In this paper we analyzed the time frame for oncology drugs that were designated as a fast track drug and the time transition from a phase II to phase III clinical trial completion. Methods In our study we utilized oncology drugs that were approved between the years of 2000-2006 (FDA.gov). We then analyzed the CDER data base that provided information to Fast Track drugs that have been approved within the time period as determined by the FDA selection criteria (21 CFR 312.81(a)). Under certain circumstances, the FCA may consider reviewing portions of a marketing application in advance of the complete New Drug Application (NDA) or Biologic License Application (BLA). We will evaluate fast track designated products which may also be eligible to participate in FDA’s Continuous Marketing Applications Pilot 1 or Pilot 2 programs. For our analysis, we specifically selected oncology drugs. In particular, we analyzed 32 drugs from the stated time period. Each fast track drug was then selected and analyzed for its clinical phase development time period based on news announcements during clinical trails. For each announcement we conducted an event study analysis through lexis Nexus with respect to the announcement of a clinical trial enrollment, clinical trials news (Phase I, II, III). Results: The results of our preliminary study show that there was a shorter time to development transition for the fast track oncology drugs. The oncology clinical phase transition from II to three on average lasted 12 months with a range of 2 - 29 months The average length of the phase development had to excludes 4 drugs due to the lack of information provided from the LexisNexis database. The current timeline for fats track drugs has shown a decrease in transition from clinical trials to the market. In the example of Spyrcel, the data from our study had to be excluded, there was a definitive difference in the time to approval process for the drug as compared to other standard review entities. The approvals for dasatinib, or Sprycel, for refractory CML was shown to move through the development to approval in one of the fastest timeframes in modern development. Since its first clinical study on in Gleevec-resistant patients, the medication was decided on entering an accelerated timeline. It took us just 25 months to bring Sprycel from first-in-human dosing to a regulatory submission. In contrast, the industry average for this cycle time is 6.4 years which is three times greater than the cycle time for Sprycel. Conclusions: The new Subpart H regulations state that post-marketing studies to confirm clinical benefit that would consist usually by "studies underway” at the time of accelerated approval, this has not always been the case and is not a requirement (Dagher R, Johnson J, Williams G et al). In conclusion, the accelerated approval program in oncology has been successful in making 18 different products available to patients for 22 different cancer treatment indications since the inception of the fast track program. From the current data and transition information, there is a comparative difference between the clinical phase transitions from phase II to Phase III clinical trials. However, this preliminary data needs to be further evaluated against the standard FDA review process from oncology drugs. Moreover, further studies will be needed to interpret whether the average length of oncology studies biases the value of our study.

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Bergh, Anna. "Defocused CO₂ laser irradiation in the rehabilitation of horses : an experimental and clinical study /". Uppsala : Dept. of Anatomy and Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200654.pdf.

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Svensson, Jennie. "An Experimental Study to Improve the Casting Performance of Steel Grades Sensitive for Clogging". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad processmetallurgi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-202539.

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In this study, the goal is to optimize the process and to reduce the clogging tendency during the continuous casting process. The focus is on clogging when the refractory base material (RBM) in the SEN is in contact with the liquid steel. It is difficult or impossible to avoid non-metallic inclusions in the liquid steel, but by a selection of a good RBM in the SEN clogging can be reduced. Different process steps were evaluated during the casting process in order to reduce the clogging tendency. First, the preheating of the SEN was studied. The results showed that the SEN can be decarburized during the preheating process. In addition, decarburization of SEN causes a larger risk for clogging. Two types of plasma coatings were implemented to protect the RBM, to prevent reactions with the RBM, and to reduce the clogging tendency. Calcium titanate (CaTiO3) mixed with yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) plasma coatings were tested in laboratory and pilot plant trials, for casting of aluminium-killed low-carbon steels. For casting of cerium alloyed stainless steels, YSZ plasma coatings were tested in laboratory, pilot plant and industrial trials. The results showed that the clogging tendency was reduced when implementing both coating materials. It is also of importance to produce clean steel in order to reduce clogging. Therefore, the steel cleanliness in the tundish was studied experimentally. The result showed that inclusions originated from the slag, deoxidation products and tundish refractory and that they were present in the tundish as well as in the final steel product.

QC 20170227

VINNOVA

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Behrel, Morgan. "Investigation of kites for auxiliary ship propulsion : experimental set-up, trials, data analysis and kite specs novel identification approach". Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0132.

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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le programme de recherche beyond the sea® visant à développer la traction de navire de commerce par des kites géants. Le but est d’utiliser l’énergie du vent, et ainsi de réduire la consommation de carburant des navires et réduire les émissions polluantes. Un tel projet demande de nombreux développements et actions scientifiques, en particulier pour prédire le comportement des cerfs-volants géants et des navires associés. Pour cela des modèles sont développés, mais ces modèles doivent être confrontés à des mesures pour en estimer la validité. Cette thèse a donc pour objectif de mesurer les interactions entre le kite et le navire, à une échelle limitée par rapports aux navires visés par le programme global. Des mesures ont donc été réalisées sur un navire de pêche de 13 m, puis sur un bateau expérimental de 6 m spécialement conçu à cet effet. De plus, des mesures ont aussi été menées à terre pour évaluer uniquement les performances du kite. Chacune de ces campagnes expérimentales mettait en oeuvre un dispositif de mesure complexe, ainsi qu’un système automatique de contrôle du vol du kite. En plus de fournir des données de qualité à destination de la science, les outils développés au cours de cette étude peuvent être utilisés directement par les partenaires industriels du projet beyond the sea®
This study is part of the research program beyond the sea® aiming to develop kites as auxiliary propulsion devices for ships. The goal is to use the energy of the wind to save fuel and reduce harmful emissions. Such a project needs numerous developments and scientific actions, particularly to model the behavior of giant kites and associated ships. However these models must be compared to measurements to assess their validity. This study is then focus on the measurements of the interaction between kites and ships, at a limited scale in comparison to the real scope of the project. Thus measurement campaigns were carried out on a 13-meter long trawler, and on a 6-meter long experimental platform specifically designed. Another experimental campaign was also carried out onshore to assess the aerodynamic specs of the kite. Each of these three campaigns was based on a complex experimental set-up, including an automatic kite control system. In addition to provide a valuable data set for further scientific analyses, this study provided also tools which can be used by the industrial partners of the beyond the sea project®

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Experimental trials"

Beer, Tomasz M. Cancer clinical trials: A commonsense guide to experimental cancer therapies and clinical trials. New York: DiaMedica Pub., 2012.

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Finn, Robert. Cancer clinical trials: Experimental treatments & how they can help you. Beijing: O'Reilly, 1999.

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Cancer clinical trials: Experimental treatments & how they can help you. Beijing: O'Reilly, 1999.

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Patel, Shilpesh S. Handbook of cardiovascular clinical trials. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone, 1997.

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Rothmann, Mark D. Design and analysis of non-inferiority trials. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2011.

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Williams, E. R. Experimental design and analysis for use in tree improvement. East Melbourne, Vic: CSIRO, 1994.

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Griffin, J. P. The textbook of pharmaceutical medicine. 6^a ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.

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Mark, Chang, a cura di. Adaptive design methods in clinical trails. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2007.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on National Statistics e National Academies Press (U.S.), a cura di. The prevention and treatment of missing data in clinical trials. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2010.

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Clinical research and the law. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

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Più fonti

Capitoli di libri sul tema "Experimental trials"

McPeek, B., F. Mosteller, M. F. McKneally e E. A. M. Neugebauer. "Experimental Methods: Clinical Trials". In Principles and Practice of Research, 114–25. New York, NY: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0371-8_14.

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Holmes, Laurens. "Clinical trials (human experimental designs)". In Applied Epidemiologic Principles and Concepts, 205–26. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315369761-13.

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Dellin, Christopher M., Kyle Strabala, G. Clark Haynes, David Stager e Siddhartha S. Srinivasa. "Guided Manipulation Planning at the DARPA Robotics Challenge Trials". In Experimental Robotics, 149–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23778-7_11.

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Turner, J. Rick. "Conducting Clinical Trials I: Experimental Methodology". In New Drug Development, 69–78. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6418-2_6.

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Kurosaki, Takashi. "Experimental Design for Flexible Microcredit Trials". In Seasonality and Microcredit, 55–70. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55010-5_5.

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Abelson, M. B., G. W. Ousler, L. A. Nally e T. B. Emory. "Dry Eye Syndromes: Diagnosis, Clinical Trials and Pharmaceutical Treatment-‘Improving Clinical Trials’". In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1079–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0717-8_152.

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Dezawa, Mari. "Clinical Trials of Muse Cells". In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 305–7. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56847-6_17.

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Ross, Allan M. "Implications of the TIMI Trials". In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 361–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3806-6_37.

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Coates, Anthony R. M., e Gerry Halls. "Antibiotics in Phase II and III Clinical Trials". In Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 167–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28951-4_11.

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Robins, H. Ian, e Justin D. Cohen. "Radiant Heat Systemic Hyperthermia Clinical Trials". In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 189–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5766-7_17.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Experimental trials"

Suyama, Satoshi, Jun Mashino, Yoshihisa Kishiyama e Yukihiko Okumura. "5G multi-antenna technology and experimental trials". In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems (ICCS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccs.2016.7833602.

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Feoktistov, Vitaliy, Stephane Pietravalle e Nicolas Heslot. "Optimal experimental design of field trials using Differential Evolution". In 2017 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2017.7969505.

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Malanowski, M., K. Kulpa, P. Samczynski, J. Misiurewicz, J. Kulpa, P. Roszkowski, P. Dzwonkowski et al. "Experimental results of the PaRaDe passive radar field trials". In 2012 13th International Radar Symposium (IRS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irs.2012.6233290.

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Benjebbour, Anass, e Yoshihisa Kishiyama. "Combination of NOMA and MIMO: Concept and Experimental Trials". In 2018 25th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ict.2018.8464916.

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Zhu, Liyao, Wenbiao Wang, Zhicheng Tao, Bangchu Yang, Zhipei Chen, Han Ge e Guanjun Bao. "Full-Drive Decoupled Bionic Finger: Structure and Experimental Trials*". In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robio49542.2019.8961507.

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Monteiro, Vítor, J. G. Pinto, J. C. Aparício Fernandes e João L. Afonso. "Experimental Comparison of Single-Phase Active Rectifiers for EV Battery Chargers". In Special Session on Sustainable mobility solutions: vehicle and traffic simulation, on-road trials and EV charging. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006391804190425.

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Iwabuchi, Masashi, Anass Benjebbour, Yoshihisa Kishiyama, Guangmei Ren, Chen Tang, Tingjian Tian, Liang Gu, Terufumi Takada e Tsuyoshi Kashima. "5G Field Experimental Trials on URLLC Using New Frame Structure". In 2017 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2017.8269130.

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Kumagai, Shinya, Morihiko Minowa, Tatsuki Okuyama, Jun Mashino, Satoshi Suyama, Yukihiko Okumura, Takaharu Kobayashi et al. "Experimental Trials of 5G Ultra High-Density Distributed Antenna Systems". In 2019 IEEE 90th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Fall). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891604.

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Gavrilin, Sergey, e Sverre Steen. "Uncertainty of Sea Trials Results Used for Validation of Ship Manoeuvring Simulation Models". In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41887.

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Increasingly complex marine operations dictate higher need for precise and reliable modelling. For the last decades several different approaches to modelling of ship manoeuvring were developed, including scaled model testing, numerical and empirical methods. Increasingly, time-domain simulation models for ship manoeuvring are developed and used for training and planning of marine operations. Especially when using the simulation models to plan operations, it is essential that the simulation model is properly validated. There is a need for better and more standardized validation methods for such simulation models. A key issue is the uncertainty of the data used in the validation. Typically, the validation will be against full scale trials results. In the study reported in this paper it was found by inspection of repeated tests results that even under relatively calm environmental conditions outcomes of sea trials can be highly uncertain. However, it is very expensive to investigate uncertainty of each type of trial experimentally. Therefore it can be very beneficial to estimate it by means of a simulation model. This paper presents results of analysis of full scale turning circle trials of research vessel “Gunnerus”. Turning circle trials with 20° and 35° rudder angle executed both to starboard and port sides are analyzed. Experimental uncertainty analysis is performed. Effectiveness of IMO correction procedure is discussed. Also paper describes a method for determining uncertainty of trial results due to environmental effects by means of simulation model and compares them with experimental uncertainty. The method is based on Monte-Carlo techniques.

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Octavian, Baltag, e Rau Miuta Carmina. "Experimental trials concerning the simulation of a heart-generated biomagnetic signal". In 2013 8th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/atee.2013.6563434.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Experimental trials"

Ripley, Robert C., e Laura Donahue. Cylindrical Explosive Dispersal of Metal Particles: Predictive Calculations in SUpport of Experimental Trials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, dicembre 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada505351.

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Camenzind, Lauren, Molly Kafader, Rachel Schwam, Mikayla Taylor, Zoie Wilkes e Madison Williams. Space Retrieval Training for Memory Enhancement in Adults with Dementia. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, maggio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/chp.mot2.2021.0013.

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The final portfolio contains 8 research articles from national and international journals. Study designs include one systematic review, one randomized control trial with pretest-posttest design, three small-scale randomized control trials, one quasi-experimental study with no control, one time-series study, and one case study. All studies relate directly to components of the evidence-based practice question and will be used to draft new recommendations for implementation regarding spaced retrieval training for memory enhancement in adults with dementia. Seven out of the eight articles looked at the effects of SR techniques on functional tasks. Articles looked at eating difficulty (1), independent use of walkers (1), iADL function (3), use of technology (1), and ADL function (1). One out of eight articles looked at benefits of spaced retrieval techniques on episodic memory, which is not necessarily a functional task, but is needed to perform functional tasks.

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Hernández, Karla, Bridget Lynn Hoffmann, Cristóbal Ruiz-Tagle e Alejandra Schueftan. The Cost-Effectiveness of Air Pollution Information Provision Programs. Inter-American Development Bank, luglio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003391.

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Air pollution is one of the primary causes of premature death worldwide. This paper examines the cost-effectiveness of two different air quality information programs that were implemented as part of randomized control trials. In the case of the SMS air quality alerts in Mexico City, we find that the program was not cost-effective in the experimental sample, but it would likely be cost-effective if the program were extended to all of Mexico City. In the case of real-time feedback on wood stove emissions in Valdivia, we find that the program was cost-effective in both the experimental sample and at scale.

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Bracht, Juergen. Trial of the Exeter Economic Experiments. Bristol, UK: The Economics Network, gennaio 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.53593/n985a.

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Masset, Edoardo. Combining economic modelling and randomised controlled trials: An unexploited synergyCombining economic modelling and randomised controlled trials: An unexploited synergy. A cura di Radhika Menon. Centre of Excellence for Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cmb3.

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Over the last decade, many researchers have conducted randomised trials alongside economic models. The work of these researchers has shown that both approaches are strengthened by their combined use and the conclusions they lead to are full of policy implications. In the latest CEDIL Methods Brief, Edoardo Masset, Research Director, CEDIL Programme, uses three examples to offer tips on the application of modelling to evaluate development interventions and explore various policy questions. The brief shows that models and experiments should be seen as complementary, rather than as alternative approaches. This brief is based on the CEDIL Inception Paper No. 9, Structural Modelling in Policy Making, by Orazio Attanasio and Debbie Blair. This paper is available on the CEDIL website.

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Chassang, Sylvain, Gerard Padro Miquel e Erik Snowberg. Selective Trials: A Principal-Agent Approach to Randomized Controlled Experiments. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, settembre 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16343.

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McPhedran, R., K. Patel, B. Toombs, P. Menon, M. Patel, J. Disson, K. Porter, A. John e A. Rayner. Food allergen communication in businesses feasibility trial. Food Standards Agency, marzo 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tpf160.

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Background: Clear allergen communication in food business operators (FBOs) has been shown to have a positive impact on customers’ perceptions of businesses (Barnett et al., 2013). However, the precise size and nature of this effect is not known: there is a paucity of quantitative evidence in this area, particularly in the form of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The Food Standards Agency (FSA), in collaboration with Kantar’s Behavioural Practice, conducted a feasibility trial to investigate whether a randomised cluster trial – involving the proactive communication of allergen information at the point of sale in FBOs – is feasible in the United Kingdom (UK). Objectives: The trial sought to establish: ease of recruitments of businesses into trials; customer response rates for in-store outcome surveys; fidelity of intervention delivery by FBO staff; sensitivity of outcome survey measures to change; and appropriateness of the chosen analytical approach. Method: Following a recruitment phase – in which one of fourteen multinational FBOs was successfully recruited – the execution of the feasibility trial involved a quasi-randomised matched-pairs clustered experiment. Each of the FBO’s ten participating branches underwent pair-wise matching, with similarity of branches judged according to four criteria: Food Hygiene Rating Scheme (FHRS) score, average weekly footfall, number of staff and customer satisfaction rating. The allocation ratio for this trial was 1:1: one branch in each pair was assigned to the treatment group by a representative from the FBO, while the other continued to operate in accordance with their standard operating procedure. As a business-based feasibility trial, customers at participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were automatically enrolled in the trial. The trial was single-blind: customers at treatment branches were not aware that they were receiving an intervention. All customers who visited participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were asked to complete a short in-store survey on a tablet affixed in branches. This survey contained four outcome measures which operationalised customers’: perceptions of food safety in the FBO; trust in the FBO; self-reported confidence to ask for allergen information in future visits; and overall satisfaction with their visit. Results: Fieldwork was conducted from the 3 – 20 March 2020, with cessation occurring prematurely due to the closure of outlets following the proliferation of COVID-19. n=177 participants took part in the trial across the ten branches; however, response rates (which ranged between 0.1 - 0.8%) were likely also adversely affected by COVID-19. Intervention fidelity was an issue in this study: while compliance with delivery of the intervention was relatively high in treatment branches (78.9%), erroneous delivery in control branches was also common (46.2%). Survey data were analysed using random-intercept multilevel linear regression models (due to the nesting of customers within branches). Despite the trial’s modest sample size, there was some evidence to suggest that the intervention had a positive effect for those suffering from allergies/intolerances for the ‘trust’ (β = 1.288, p<0.01) and ‘satisfaction’ (β = 0.945, p<0.01) outcome variables. Due to singularity within the fitted linear models, hierarchical Bayes models were used to corroborate the size of these interactions. Conclusions: The results of this trial suggest that a fully powered clustered RCT would likely be feasible in the UK. In this case, the primary challenge in the execution of the trial was the recruitment of FBOs: despite high levels of initial interest from four chains, only one took part. However, it is likely that the proliferation of COVID-19 adversely impacted chain participation – two other FBOs withdrew during branch eligibility assessment and selection, citing COVID-19 as a barrier. COVID-19 also likely lowered the on-site survey response rate: a significant negative Pearson correlation was observed between daily survey completions and COVID-19 cases in the UK, highlighting a likely relationship between the two. Limitations: The trial was quasi-random: selection of branches, pair matching and allocation to treatment/control groups were not systematically conducted. These processes were undertaken by a representative from the FBO’s Safety and Quality Assurance team (with oversight from Kantar representatives on pair matching), as a result of the chain’s internal operational restrictions.

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Afzal, Uzma, Giovanna D'Adda, Marcel Fafchamps e Farah Said. Intrahousehold Consumption Allocation and Demand for Agency: A Triple Experimental Investigation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, agosto 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24977.

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Kowalski, Amanda. A model of a randomized experiment with an application to the PROWESS clinical trial. The IFS, marzo 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.cem.2019.11.

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Kowalski, Amanda. A model of a randomized experiment with an application to the PROWESS clinical trial. The IFS, marzo 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.cem.2019.1119.

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