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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Excavations (archaeology) – england – uley"
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RCHME. "Excavations and Roman England". Britannia 26 (1995): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/526886.
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King, Anthony. "Animal Remains from Temples in Roman Britain". Britannia 36 (novembre 2005): 329–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3815/000000005784016964.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTApproximately twenty temple excavations have yielded significant assemblages of animal bones. All come from Romano-Celtic temples in southern Britain, with the exception of four shrines for eastern cults. This paper picks out major characteristics of the assemblages and draws some general conclusions about the nature of the ritual activity that led to their deposition. At temples such as Uley or Hayling, sacrifices were probably an important part of the rituals, and the animals carefully selected. At other temples, animals had a lesser role, with little evidence of selection. At healing shrines, such as Bath and Lydney, animal sacrifices are not clearly attested, and would probably have taken place away from the areas used for healing humans. In contrast to the Romano-Celtic temples, animal remains at the shrines of eastern cults have very different characteristics: individual deposits can be linked to specific rituals within the cult buildings, and have many similarities to the continental evidence
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Stead, I. M. "The Snettisham Treasure: excavations in 1990". Antiquity 65, n. 248 (settembre 1991): 447–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00080066.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
New finds of astonishing splendour have come to light at Snettisham (Norfolk, England), a place which already holds a special, if enigmatic, place in Iron Age studies. Discoveries there first put British gold torques on the map; the magnificent great torque not only gave its name to an art-style but held a coin that helped to date it, and the very wealth of the place has provoked endless speculation.
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Sargent, Andrew. "The changing pattern of archaeological excavation in England; as reflected by the Excavation Index". Antiquity 67, n. 255 (giugno 1993): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00045452.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Excavation Index, a national index of excavations compiled by the Royal Commission, makes it possible to generate some statistics on the changing pattern of English archaeology, as reflected in the number and periods of sites dug.
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Needham, Stuart, e Tony Spence. "Refuse and the formation of middens". Antiquity 71, n. 271 (marzo 1997): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00084568.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The prodigious quantities of refuse recovered from excavations at Runnymede Bridge, Berkshire, England — and at other late prehistoric British sites — highlight those archaeological entities we call ‘rubbish’ and ‘middens’. What is a ‘midden’? General thoughts on an archaeology of refuse are applied to the specific case of these 1st-millennium BC sites in southern England in an attempt to comprehend their origin and scale in terms of the period's social geography.
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Bendremer, Jeffrey C. M., Elizabeth A. Kellogg e Tonya Baroody Largy. "A Grass-Lined Maize Storage Pit and Early Maize Horticulture in Central Connecticut". North American Archaeologist 12, n. 4 (aprile 1992): 325–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/1qy7-087g-cec3-yexu.
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Excavations in New England have recently unearthed evidence of maize horticulture dating to after A.D. 1000. Evidence from the Burnham-Shepard Site, a 14th century occupation in the middle Connecticut River Valley, suggests more intensive involvement with the production and storage of maize, beans and sunflower than in coastal areas of New England. Of twelve storage features identified at the Burnham-Shepard Site, four were re-used and one was a specialized, grass-lined, maize storage pit. Zea mays (Maize), Phaseolus vulgaris (Bean), Chenopodium sp. (Lamb's Quarters), and Helianthus annuus (Sunflower) were present in the pit. This feature, and similar pits identified in New York, contained a lining identified as Andropogon gerardii (Big Blue-stem). This same grass was used by eastern Plains tribes to line maize storage pits. The presence of these cultigens and the lining material suggests that not only horticulture, but a specialized storage technique were imported, probably from the west.
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Rees, Diane A. "The Refitting of Lithics from Unit 4C, Area Q2/D Excavations at Boxgrove, West Sussex, England". Lithic Technology 25, n. 2 (settembre 2000): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2000.11720968.
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Wright, Duncan W. "Archaeology and the built environment of early medieval England". Antiquity 93, n. 368 (aprile 2019): 537–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2019.16.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The bulk of people we can now be assured, were content with something that hardly deserves a better title than that of a hovel […] in such cabins, with bare head room, amid a filthy litter of broken bones, of food and shattered pottery […] lived the Anglo-Saxons (Leeds 1936: 25–26). This quote from E.T. Leeds, a pioneer of Anglo-Saxon archaeology during the first half of the twentieth century, was inspired by his excavation of settlement remains at Sutton Courtenay, then in Berkshire. Leeds's excavations were actually a breakthrough moment, resulting in the first identification of early medieval settlement structures other than those associated with ecclesiastical sites. In spite of this, the frustration and disappointment with the character and quality of the Sutton Courtenay site are all too apparent in Leeds's assessment. As an expert in Anglo-Saxon artwork, how could he reconcile the skill and craft of fine metalwork, with the ephemeral and impoverished settlement with which he was now dealing? Likewise, where were the great charismatic halls of monumental construction that populated such literary sources as Beowulf? The excavation of the graves of Sutton Hoo, two years after investigations at Sutton Courtney came to a close, served only to amplify the disparity between settlement and burial archaeology—put simply, burials were viewed as richer, grander and far more interesting.
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Thomas, Roger. "Drowning in data? - publication and rescue archaeology in the 1990s". Antiquity 65, n. 249 (dicembre 1991): 822–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00080546.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In a characteristically stimulating recent article in ANTIQUITY, Barry Cunliffe has touched on many of the most important issues concerning the publication of ‘rescue’ excavations in Britain in the 1990s (Cunliffe 1990). The purpose of the present article is to follow up some the points which Cunliffe has raised.Publication, and the dissemination of information, is the lifeblood of any academic discipline, and questions of what is published (and of what is read!), where, how and by whom are of central importance for archaeology. Over the past two decades in Britain, and particularly in England where the volume of work has been greatest, there has been a recurrent concern with the problem of how to publish the results of ‘rescue’ archaeology. Rescue excavations can generate very large quantities of data, collected for reasons which are often largely beyond archaeological control, and the problems (both intellectual and practical) of publishing this material are considerable. In Britain the issues have been the subject of expert examination on two occasions since 1970 -the Frere (1975) and Cunliffe (1983) reports - and now in the 1990s the topic is firmly on the archaeological agenda again. This paper is intended as a contribution to the continuing debate.
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Hodges, Richard. "Rewriting the Rural History of Early Medieval Italy: Twenty-five Years of Medieval Archaeology Reviewed". Rural History 1, n. 1 (aprile 1990): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300003186.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The archaeology of rural settlements is a comparatively new branch of history. Its genealogy is easy to trace. Spurred on by the growth of economic and social history in the inter-war years, Dutch archaeologists, like A.E. van Giffin, and younger Danish archaeologists, such as Gunther Hatt and Axel Steensburg, undertook large open-area excavations of North Sea Migration period settlements. Van Giffin's excavation of the terp at Ezinge during the ‘thirties is a typical example. Using open-area excavation, a controlled form of the clearance excavation being employed on the large classical sites in Mussolini's Italy, it became feasible to examine the Migration-period architecture (as an architectural historian might) and the evolution of the settlement (as a classical topographer might do it). Neither would have been possible if a site such as Ezinge had been trenched. As far as we can tell today, van Giffin et al. did not intend to rewrite history, so much as to use archaeology to confirm prevailing ethnically-oriented theses about Migration period peoples. In some ways this was also the case when W.G. Hoskins and Maurice Beresford began to undertake small excavations of deserted medieval villages in England in 1947. Both hoped that small excavation trenches might help them to date the desertion of some of these settlements. In practice, of course, what they discovered in the course of nineteen excavations merely proved to be confusing (cf. Hurst, 1971: 83). Hoskins turned to other matters, but Beresford pursued the possibilities of archaeology at Wharram Percy, a fine example of a so-called deserted medieval village.
Tesi sul tema "Excavations (archaeology) – england – uley"
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Naylor, John. "An archaeology of trade in Middle Saxon England". Oxford : Archaeopress : Available from Hadrian Books, 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/57353091.html.
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Barton, R. N. E. "A study of selected British and European flint assemblages of Late Devensian and Early Flandrian Age". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:870615a7-3f6c-4733-893c-c618dd120d2c.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation is concerned with the analysis of selected blade assemblages from Late Devensian and Early Flandrian contexts in Southern Britain (c. 12,500 - 9,000 BP). The British sites studied are divided into three main groupings: Upper Palaeolithic, Long Blade, and Mesolithic, each of which contains material of a typologically and technologically distinct nature. Despite previous important studies in the British Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic, no major work until now has been undertaken on the third technology, that of the Long Blade sites, which seems to occupy a chronological position intermediate between the other two. The dissertation incorporates the first comprehensive description of material from Long Blade sites and contrasts it with the sets of artefacts from the other two groups. Comparative data from the Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic derive mainly from primary information recovered in two excavations directed by myself at Hengistbury Head between 1980-4. The chapters consider the archaeological material in chronological order beginning in Chapter 1 with the Late Upper Palaeolithic assemblage from Hengistbury Head. Chapters 2 and 3 are devoted to the Long Blade assemblages from Britain and Northwestern Europe, whilst in the fourth chapter the Early Mesolithic material from Hengistbury and related sites in Southern Britain is considered. The fifth and last chapter is given over to discussion and final conclusions. Appended to the last chapter is a gazetteer of 159 specified Long Blade findspots in Southern Britain, the first time this material has ever been gathered together. Explanatory notes and a key are provided at the front of the Gazetteer. In studying the artefacts I have laid particular emphasis on technology as well as typology, and in studying technology I have been particularly influenced by my own work on the experimental manufacture and use of implements. Given that my two excavated sites were very little disturbed, I have also been able to make major use of conjoining artefacts, not only as an aid to understanding the differing techniques of artefact manufacture, but also in interpreting the archaeology of the sites. Some use was also made of experimental taphonomy. These aspects of my work are referred to in the text, notably in Chapters 1 and 4.
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Hall, Kathryn Elizabeth. "All the live-long day : developing time-space maps to structure archaeological and palaeo-environmental data relating to the mesolithic-neolithic transition in southern England". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709216.
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Donnelly, Victoria. "A study in grey : grey literature and archaeological investigation in England 1990 to 2010". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9dc84f2d-af55-4d77-ae18-12fe2eefde1b.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Through an examination of the processes and influences on the character of grey literature and its producers, this thesis explores the nature of archaeological investigation, how it is reported and the creation of archaeological data in England from 1990 to 2010 and the implications for future understanding of the English archaeological record. I intend to address broad research questions regarding grey literature and archaeology: What is grey literature? Who creates it and why? What is it meant for? Is it fit-for-purpose? My research objectives in studying grey literature reporting and archaeological fieldwork investigation in England are: •To explore the nature of archaeological grey literature reporting and its producers, the framework of its production and communication, and its impact on archaeological research and knowledge production; •To capture the developments and changes in English archaeological practice between 1990 and 2010 and their implications for the creation and understanding of the archaeological record; and •To consider potential future directions for archaeological fieldwork and reporting. I propose to achieve this using a combination of both quantitative and qualitative approaches including spatial analysis techniques, comparative analysis at a range of scales from England-wide to individual case study areas, and detailed analysis of the nature and actual content of grey literature reports alongside a characterisation of the many creators of grey literature reporting. This study will illustrate and explore the process of producing grey literature reporting as well as examining the end product itself - grey literature reports. This European Research Council funded DPhil research was undertaken within the context of the English Landscapes and Identities Project, which analyses change and continuity in the English Landscape from the middle Bronze Age (c.1500 BC) to the Domesday survey (c. AD 1086).
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Redmond, Angela Z. "Viking burial in the North of England : a study of contact, interaction and reaction between Scandinavian migrants with resident groups, and the effect of immigration on aspects of cultural continuity /". Oxford : Hedges, 2007. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz263310663inh.pdf.
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O'Brien, Elizabeth. "Post-Roman Britain to Anglo-Saxon England : the burial evidence reviewed". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e415687f-4964-4225-8bc3-23e4ab8e5e78.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis is the result of a decision to extend the approach used by me when examining Irish burial practices, to a review of the archaeological and documentary record for burial practices and associated phenomena in the transitional period from late/post-Roman Britain to Anglo-Saxon England. The study considers burial rites; the method of disposal of physical remains, the position and orientation of bodies, and burial structures and enclosures: grave-goods are only referred to when they are pertinent to a particular line of argument. My intention is to draw together the various aspects of burial of the Iron Age, Romano-British and Anglo-Saxon periods in order to look at the overall picture. Occasionally this may mean stating the obvious, but by noting and plotting distributions of various burial traits first in the Iron Age and Romano-British periods, and then comparing these traits with the Anglo-Saxon period some revealing results can be obtained. It was important to begin with the Iron Age since some minority practices current in the early Anglo-Saxon period had a continuous history from the pre-Roman period. They are of importance in demonstrating the continuities that existed alongside major changes. [continued in text ...]
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Talbot, John Andrew. "What is Icenian coinage?" Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:070214b6-8d06-4e55-a0f6-06125531e76c.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis considers the purpose of the Late Iron Age coinage which was produced in northern East Anglia, and is usually attributed to the Iron Age tribe, the Iceni. The main source of new information used in the thesis is a detailed die-study of over 10,000 Icenian coins, believed to be the largest such study attempted for a complete regional Iron Age coinage. The thesis includes a review of previous scholarly work on the coinage and gives consideration to recent research into ancient economies and organisational structures. The organisation of the coinage is explored and it is divided into four sequential chronological periods. The thesis explores the practical and organisational aspects of minting and finds that metal content and weight were important factors at all stages of production. The imagery and inscriptions of the coins are examined and it is found that, over the hundred years of so of production, there was a shift in emphasis from complex imagery, often containing hidden faces, to standardised simpler forms of iconography. The thesis explores the monetary role of coinage implied by these factors. The deposition of coinage is considered, both as hoards and as single finds. The thesis shows how this evidence confirms the chronology and organisation of the coinage. It also shows that, contrary to previous assumptions, hoarding was not a continuous process in the study region. It was episodic using specific forms of coinage. The thesis finds increasing evidence of monetisation but also explores other potential uses for the coinage, and reasons for its issue. The detailed die-study and descriptions of the many types of coin are presented as appendices.
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Stoodley, Nick. "The spindle and the spear : a critical enquiry into the construction and meaning of gender in the early Anglo-Saxon burial rite /". Oxford : British archaeological reports, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371998509.
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Cabello, Briones Cristina. "The effects of open shelters on the preservation of limestone remains at archaeological sites". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cfefc6db-4b4f-4ef8-bff3-07795e2767fc.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Shelters, as preventive conservation methods, have traditionally been considered a better option than leaving the site exposed. However, there has been limited research on their effect on the preservation of heritage materials and, as a result, there is no clear scientific evidence to support sheltering. This study aims to provide the first rigorous scientific assessment of the effect of lightweight, open shelters on limestone deterioration at archaeological sites. A method based on the use of low-cost environmental monitoring equipment and limestone blocks and tablets (as indicators of decay) has been developed to determine the degree of protection provided by the shelters at the Bishop' Palace (Witney, England) and Hagar Qim (Malta). Preliminary visual assessments of the field sites were followed by 12-18 month exposure trials. Temperature extremes and fluctuations, frost events, relative humidity extremes and fluctuations, NaCl crystallisation events, solar radiation, wetting events, salt content, atmospheric pollutants and dust deposition were monitored. In addition, stone decay was studied by analysing changes in weight, elasticity, surface hardness, ultrasonic pulse velocity, surface colour, moisture content and general appearance (microscopic and macroscopic pictures) in stone samples. An exhaustive assessment of the shelter at the Bishop's Palace was carried out using Chalk, Cotswold and Portland limestone blocks as well as Portland limestone tablets (specifically for studying dissolution, soiling and biological growth). Additionally, a comparative assessment of the effects of the two shelters in contrasting climatic environments, the Bishop's Palace (temperate maritime) and Hagar Qim (Mediterranean), was undertaken by monitoring Globigerina and Coralline limestone blocks simultaneously at both sites. The research has shown that lightweight, open shelters do not exclude decay completely but minimise it. However, there are some areas at higher risk of decay, i.e. top parts of the walls and the periphery. In addition, problems with the shelter design can enhance some decay mechanisms, such as biocolonisation on the periphery at the Bishop's Palace and dust deposition under the shelter at Hagar Qim. Therefore, the effectiveness of shelters should not be assumed.
Libri sul tema "Excavations (archaeology) – england – uley"
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J, Bayley, Leach Peter E. 1923- e English Heritage, a cura di. The Uley shrines: Excavations of a ritual complex on West Hill, Uley, Gloucestershire, 1977-9. London: English Heritage in association with British Museum Press, 1993.
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Woodward, Ann. The Uley shrines: Excavation of a ritualcomplex on West Hill, Uley, Gloucestershire, 1977-9. London: English Heritage in association with British Museum Press, 1993.
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Jones, Martin. England before Domesday. Totowa, N.J: Barnes & Noble Books, 1986.
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C, Darvill T., Saville Alan 1946- e Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society. Committee for Archaeology in Gloucestershire., a cura di. Handbook of Gloucestershire archaeology. Gloucester: The Committee, 1985.
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Cramp, R. J. Jarrow excavations 1975. [S.l: s.n., 1990.
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G, Vince A., e Adam Neil J, a cura di. Excavations in Newbury, Berkshire, 1979-1990. Salisbury, England: Wessex Archaeology, 1997.
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Havis, Richard. Excavations at Stansted Airport, 1986-91. Chelmsford: Essex County Council Heritage Conservation Planning Division, 2004.
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Martin, Allen. Winchester--a city in the making: Archaeological excavations between 2002 and 2007 on the sites of Northgate House, Staple Gardens and the former Winchester Library, Jewry St. [Oxford]: Oxford Archaeology, 2011.
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Patrick, Catharine. The Bull Ring uncovered: Excavations at Edgbaston Street, Moor Street, Park Street and the Row, Birmingham, 1997-2001. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2009.
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Dallas, Carolyn. Baconsthorpe Castle: Excavations and finds, 1951-1972. Dereham, Norfolk: Archaeology and Environment Division, Norfolk Museums and Archaeology Service, 2002.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Excavations (archaeology) – england – uley"
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"England 1066-1500". In Annual Bibliography Of British And Irish History, a cura di Austin Gee, 48–68. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198152941.003.0005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Bown, Jayne. ‘Excavations on the north side of Norwich Cathedral, 1987-88’, Norfolk Archaeology 42 (1997), 428-52. Butler, R.M. ‘Notes on the Minster Close at York’, York Historian 14 (1997), 10-25. Carpenter, Christine. The Armburgh papers: the Brokholes inheritance in Warwickshire, Hertfordshire and Essex c.1417-c.1453: Chetham’s manuscript Mun.E.6.10 (4). (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 1998). Chism, Christine. ‘The Siege of Jerusalem: liquidating assets’, Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 28:2 (1998), 309-40.
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Bradley, Richard, Colin Haselgrove, Marc Vander Linden e Leo Webley. "The Research in Retrospect". In The Later Prehistory of North-West Europe. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199659777.003.0013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In some respects this project was the successor to the research published in 2007 as The Prehistory of Britain and Ireland, but there are significant contrasts between the books. The results of development-led archaeology have played a central role in both, but they have influenced their contents in different ways. When the earlier book was published it was among the first to draw extensively on fieldwork undertaken as part of the planning process. To some extent the course of that research was unpredictable, for it was not clear how far the results of the new excavations and surveys would diverge from what was already known. All that was certain from the outset was that a large amount of new information had been collected and that very little of it had entered the public domain. There was a disparity between the conventional archaeological literature—journal articles, monographs, and regional syntheses—and the great majority of reports, which were prepared for planning authorities and commercial clients. Those documents were difficult to trace and sometimes difficult to access. What the project showed was that such sources were vital to any understanding of the past. It also demonstrated that at least some of the orthodoxies on which public policy depended were inconsistent with the results of work that had already taken place. The same problem affected teaching and research, for they rarely took account of the new sources of information. In retrospect, the earlier project may have influenced later research in a way that had not been foreseen. It did not, and could not, offer a completely new version of British and Irish prehistory, as it was written at a time when many excavations were still in progress—the fieldwork associated with road-building in Ireland is a good example. In any case the dissemination of information in the archaeology of these islands was so inefficient that particularly in England it was difficult to find out what had been done. Tracing the results was an even harder task, and it was not completely successful.
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Ness, Kathryn L. "The Ponce de León and de Salas Households, St. Augustine, Florida". In Setting the Table. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400042.003.0005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
“The Ponce de León and de Salas Households, St. Augustine, Florida” discusses the history and archaeology of St. Augustine, Florida and two of the three major data sets used in Setting the Table. Specifically, it focuses on the households of two wealthy, mid eighteenth-century families: the Ponce de Leóns and the de Salases. The chapter provides biographical information on the families who owned and lived on these properties and describes the material that was recovered at their properties in later archaeological excavations. It focuses on the ceramics from three eighteenth-century deposits: the trash pit and well from the Ponce de León household and a well from the de Salas property. In comparing these sites, the data appears to contradict the traditional hypothesis that wealthy Spaniards in Spanish America would have owned and displayed a significant amount of Spanish and Spanish-American goods. The chapter argues instead that wealthy individuals in this Florida town were aware of and following fashions in Spain, many of which reflected broader trends in Europe and incorporated ideas, goods, and aesthetics from England, France, and elsewhere in Europe.
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Bradley, Richard. "The Attraction of Opposites". In The Idea of Order. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199608096.003.0015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
One of the best known accounts of the psychology of perception is Richard Gregory’s book Eye and Brain (Gregory 1998). It is relevant to this chapter because it uses an example from archaeology to illustrate the way in which the mind creates visual patterns. The author considers the methods by which excavators distinguish between the remains of rectangular and circular buildings. He considers the Middle Bronze Age settlement of Thorny Down in southern England, where different scholars have inferred the existence of different types of buildings on the basis of the same field evidence. The original excavator was uncertain of the precise form of the settlement (Stone 1941), but, in later years, Piggott identified the site of a large rectangular house there (1965: Figure 87) and Musson recognized circular structures (1970: 267; Figure 57). Gregory’s summary of their method is as follows:… Science and perception work by knowledge and rules, and by analogy . . . [In the case of Thorny Down] some of the holes in the ground might be ancient post holes; others might be rabbit holes, to be ignored. One group of archaeologists accepted close-together large holes as evidence of a grand entrance. They were altogether rejected by other archaeologists. One group constructed a large rectangular hut; the other, a small rectangular hut, and a circular building. ‘Bottomup’ rules—holes being close together and forming straight lines or smooth curves, and ‘top-down’ knowledge or assumptions of which kinds of buildings were likely—affected the ‘perceptions’. Both could have been wrong (1998: 11–12)…. The identification of a rectangular building at Thorny Down took place at a time when it was believed that the Netherlands had been settled from England during the Bronze Age. The argument was based on pottery styles and the distribution of metalwork (Theunissen 2009). Most likely there were contacts in both directions. As the Low Countries were characterized by a tradition of rectilinear architecture, what could be more natural than the construction of a longhouse at a site on the Wessex chalk? Dutch prehistorians attempted to find similar links between domestic architecture on both sides of the North Sea and soon they identified roundhouses of British type in their excavations.
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Bradley, Richard, Colin Haselgrove, Marc Vander Linden e Leo Webley. "Barrow Landscapes Across the Channel (2500–1600 BC)". In The Later Prehistory of North-West Europe. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199659777.003.0009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It was easy to choose the title of this chapter. Over a span of almost a thousand years, which embraces the late Neolithic, Chalcolithic, and early Bronze Age periods in local chronologies, the archaeological record of northwest Europe takes a distinctive form. Round barrows are widely distributed and are found on both sides of the English Channel and the North Sea. At the same time there are few regions in which the dwellings of the living population can be identified and studied in any detail. There is good evidence for long-distance contacts illustrated by the movement of artefacts and raw materials, and analysis of human bones suggests that certain individuals travelled in the course of their lives. Even so, the best indications of these networks are provided by the contents of the graves. There is a danger of taking this state of affairs literally. Any account that summarizes the distribution of funerary monuments is subject to certain biases. Although barrows play a prominent part in the archaeology of the later third and earlier second millennia BC, there were many burials without mounds. There are also regions in which earthworks are preserved and others where they have been destroyed. For example, in lowland England major concentrations of round barrows have been documented on the chalk of Wessex and Sussex, but it has taken aerial photography, supplemented by development-led excavations, to show that they occurred in equally high densities on the Isle of Thanet which commands the entrance to the Thames estuary. On the opposite shore of the Channel there is a great concentration of round barrows in Flanders and another on the gravels of the Somme (Fig. 4.2; De Reu et al. 2011). Again they have been discovered from the air, but in this case comparatively few have been excavated and dated. There is a striking contrast with the situation across the border in the southern Netherlands where round barrows still survive. Even there research has shown that many examples were levelled in the nineteenth century (Bourgeois 2013).
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Ross, Andrew. "Gambling at the Water Table". In Bird on Fire. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199828265.003.0007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Of all the livelihoods made possible by land development, Cory Breternitz’s job was one of the more peculiar. He was paid to do archaeological excavations by people who hoped he would find nothing of interest. His Phoenix-based firm was one of many private archaeology firms that sprang up in response to legislation (the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1970) designed to protect cultural resources such as prehistoric artifacts or remains. These laws require government agencies and private developers to hire historians and archaeologists to survey sites and inventory the results before they start building. At the height of the Arizona housing boom, Breternitz, who had previously worked for the Navajo Nation for more than twenty years, spent much of his time on the urban fringe, sifting through desert soil, looking for evidence of Hohokam settlement before the bulldozers “scraped the desert clean” and the construction crews moved in with chipboard, two-by-fours, and stucco to throw up a brown-tiled subdivision. If Breternitz uncovered a prehistoric structure, even a hamlet, it was still the developer’s prerogative to plough it under. “The United States,” he explained, “is different than most countries in the world in that private property is sacred, and the government cannot tell you what to do with it. In places like England, historic properties on your land belong to the Crown, and whatever you find—like a hoard of medieval coins—belongs to the government. In the U.S. if you find a ruin on your land, it belongs to you and you can bulldoze it or sell the artifacts.” Some of the developers he worked for might decide to preserve his discoveries and have them curated on-site by the state so that they could be promoted as an attractive sales feature to add value to the development. But ultimately, he reported, most of them simply “want their clearance, or their permits, to move forward with their projects and make money.” Human remains are the exception to this rule, since private ownership of these is prohibited by federal and Arizona law.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Excavations (archaeology) – england – uley"
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Hunter, Fraser, e Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, settembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world