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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Evolutive ecology"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 12 ottobre 2024

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1

Jousset, Alexandre. "Ecological and evolutive implications of bacterial defences against predators". Environmental Microbiology 14, n. 8 (31 ottobre 2011): 1830–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02627.x.

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2

Cadena-Caballero, Cristian E., Nestor Munive-Argüelles, Lina M. Vera-Cala, Carlos Barrios-Hernandez, Ruben O. Duarte-Bernal, Viviana L. Ayus-Ortiz, Luis A. Pardo-Díaz et al. "APGW/AKH Precursor from Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and the DNA Loss Model Explain Evolutionary Trends of the Neuropeptide LWamide, APGWamide, RPCH, AKH, ACP, CRZ, and GnRH Families". Journal of Molecular Evolution 91, n. 6 (dicembre 2023): 882–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00239-023-10146-9.

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AbstractIn the year 2002, DNA loss model (DNA-LM) postulated that neuropeptide genes to emerged through codons loss via the repair of damaged DNA from ancestral gene namely Neuropeptide Precursor Predictive (NPP), which organization correspond two or more neuropeptides precursors evolutive related. The DNA-LM was elaborated according to amino acids homology among LWamide, APGWamide, red pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH), adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) and in silico APGW/RPCH NPPAPGW/AKH NPP were proposed. With the above principle, it was proposed the evolution of corazonin (CRZ), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), AKH, and AKH/CRZ (ACP), but any NPP never was considered. However, the evolutive relation via DNA-LM among these neuropeptides precursors not has been established yet. Therefore, the transcriptomes from crabs Callinectes toxotes and Callinectes arcuatus were used to characterized ACP and partial CRZ precursors, respectively. BLAST alignment with APGW/RPCH NPP and APGW/AKH NPP allow identified similar NPP in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and other invertebrates. Moreover, three bioinformatics algorithms and manual verification were used to purify 13,778 sequences, generating a database with 719 neuropeptide precursors. Phylogenetic trees with the DNA-LM parameters showed that some ACP, CRZ, AKH2 and two NPP share nodes with GnRH from vertebrates and some of this neuropeptide had nodes in invertebrates. Whereas the phylogenetic tree with standard parameters do not showed previous node pattern. Robinson-Foulds metric corroborates the differences among phylogenetic trees. Homology relationship showed four putative orthogroups; AKH4, CRZ, and protostomes GnRH had individual group. This is the first demonstration of NPP in species and would explain the evolution neuropeptide families by the DNA-LM.

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3

Skarżyński, Dariusz. "Hypogastrura hargrovei sp. n., a new species of the family Hypogastruridae (Collembola) with highly modified mouthparts". Insect Systematics & Evolution 38, n. 2 (2007): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631207794760985.

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AbstractHypogastrura hargrovei sp. n. from South Carolina, USA is described. The exceptional structure of the mouthparts (labrum, maxillae, mandibles, labial palp) place the new species in an isolated position within the trybomi group and in the whole genus. The most similar species Hypogastrura maxillosa Babenko, 1994 has modified head of maxilla, but differs in the typical structure of the labrum, the mandibles and the labial palp and rich chaetotaxy. Evolutive significance of mouthparts modifications in Hypogastruridae is discussed.

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4

Trisciuoglio, Marco. "Exaptation in Transitional Urban Morphologies: First Notes on the Dynamics of Urban Form Read through the Theories of Natural Evolution". Land 13, n. 1 (8 gennaio 2024): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13010074.

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Studying the dynamics of urban form means questioning the processes of evolution of the form in general. The current discussion on the architecture of buildings and urban spaces has drawn the concept of adaptation from theories of natural evolution. These notes propose a reflection on the opposite and controverse concept of exaptation as it was proposed by the biologist and paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould in 1982. Through some examples (the different transformations of some Roman amphitheaters of the imperial age and the metamorphoses that occurred in the 20th century to some Chinese urban fabrics, originally made by courtyard houses), it is possible to extend to urban forms the idea of the casual co-optation for new uses of organs and anatomical parts developed for other reasons. This kind of reflection opens up innovative considerations on the potential of transitional urban analysis and its repercussions on evolutive urban transformation processes.

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5

Brandoni, Diego, Laureano González Ruiz e Joaquín Bucher. "Evolutive Implications of Megathericulus patagonicus (Xenarthra, Megatheriinae) from the Miocene of Patagonia Argentina". Journal of Mammalian Evolution 27, n. 3 (24 maggio 2019): 445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-019-09469-6.

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6

Hoteit, I., G. Triantafyllou, G. Petihakis e J. I. Allen. "A singular evolutive extended Kalman filter to assimilate real in situ data in a 1-D marine ecosystem model". Annales Geophysicae 21, n. 1 (31 gennaio 2003): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-389-2003.

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Abstract. A singular evolutive extended Kalman (SEEK) filter is used to assimilate real in situ data in a water column marine ecosystem model. The biogeochemistry of the ecosystem is described by the European Regional Sea Ecosystem Model (ERSEM), while the physical forcing is described by the Princeton Ocean Model (POM). In the SEEK filter, the error statistics are parameterized by means of a suitable basis of empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). The purpose of this contribution is to track the possibility of using data assimilation techniques for state estimation in marine ecosystem models. In the experiments, real oxygen and nitrate data are used and the results evaluated against independent chlorophyll data. These data were collected from an offshore station at three different depths for the needs of the MFSPP project. The assimilation results show a continuous decrease in the estimation error and a clear improvement in the model behavior. Key words. Oceanography: general (ocean prediction; numerical modelling) – Oceanography: biological and chemical (ecosystems and ecology)

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7

Penteriani, Vincenzo, e Robert Kenward. "Does a Simple Cope's Rule Mechanism Overlook Predators?" Research Letters in Ecology 2007 (2007): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/92684.

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The Cope’s rule predicts a tendency for species to evolve towards an increase in size. Recently, it has been suggested that such a tendency is due to the fact that large body sizes provide a general increase in individual fitness. Here we highlight evidence that predator species do not always fit the large-size = high-fitness mechanism for Cope’s rule. Given the specific requirements of predators and the complexity of prey-predator relationships, any analysis that does not take into account all animal groups may overlook a significant portion of evolutive trends. Generalisations may not be possible regardless of taxa.

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8

Fasani, Elisa, Mingai Li, Claudio Varotto, Antonella Furini e Giovanni DalCorso. "Metal Detoxification in Land Plants: From Bryophytes to Vascular Plants. STATE of the Art and Opportunities". Plants 11, n. 3 (18 gennaio 2022): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030237.

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Potentially toxic elements are a widespread concern due to their increasing diffusion into the environment. To counteract this problem, the relationship between plants and metal(loid)s has been investigated in the last 30 years. In this field, research has mainly dealt with angiosperms, whereas plant clades that are lower in the evolutive scale have been somewhat overlooked. However, recent studies have revealed the potential of bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms in environmental sciences, either as suitable indicators of habitat health and elemental pollution or as efficient tools for the reclamation of degraded soils and waters. In this review, we summarize recent research on the interaction between plants and potentially toxic elements, considering all land plant clades. The focus is on plant applicability in the identification and restoration of polluted environments, as well as on the characterization of molecular mechanisms with a potential outlet in the engineering of element tolerance and accumulation.

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9

Regenfuss, Von Hans. "Die Antennen-Putzeinrichtung der Adephaga (Coleoptera), parallele evolutive Vervollkommnung einer komplexen Struktur". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 13, n. 4 (27 aprile 2009): 278–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.1975.tb00510.x.

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Ouellet, Denis, e Richard Zarnovican. "Cultural treatment of young yellow birch (Betulaalleghaniensis Britton) stands: tree classification and stand structure". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, n. 12 (1 dicembre 1988): 1581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-241.

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The IUFRO classification criteria were applied to yellow birch stems in a lower pole stand located in the Saint-Zacharie experimental forest. Mensuration data were analyzed using the classification criteria. The results show that the stand in which yellow birch predominates has a relatively homogeneous diametrical and vertical structure. Social differentiation and some species hierarchy are evident even at this early stage. Mensuration data analyses reveal the discriminatory value of several IUFRO criteria (height class, development class, silvicultural class); other criteria (evolutive trend class, technological standard class) are more difficult to apply. The suggestion is made that two indices (ht/dbh ratio, crown clearance) would facilitate tree classification in young hardwood stands.

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11

di Pasquale, G., e S. Pignattelli. "La Vegetazione Degli Oliveti Abbandonati Nei Monti Dell'Uccellina (Toscana Meridionale): Tendenze Evolutive e Dati Storici". Giornale botanico italiano 130, n. 1 (gennaio 1996): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263509609439733.

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12

Paccoud, Olivier, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Marie Desnos-Ollivier, Bruno Varet, Olivier Lortholary e Fanny Lanternier. "Cryptococcus gattii in Patients with Lymphoid Neoplasms: An Illustration of Evolutive Host–Fungus Interactions". Journal of Fungi 7, n. 3 (16 marzo 2021): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7030212.

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Recent outbreaks of Cryptococcus gattii (CG) infections in North America have sparked renewed interest in the pathogenic potential of CG, and have underscored notable differences with Cryptococcus neoformans in terms of geographic distribution, pathogen virulence, and host susceptibility. While cases of CG are increasingly reported in patients with a wide variety of underlying conditions, only very few have been reported in patients with lymphoid neoplasms. Herein, we report a case of autochthonous CG meningitis in a patient receiving ibrutinib for chronic lymphocytic leukemia in France, and review available data on the clinical epidemiology of CG infections in patients with lymphoid neoplasms. We also summarise recent data on the host responses to CG infection, as well as the potential management pitfalls associated with its treatment in the haematological setting. The clinical epidemiology, clinical presentation, and course of disease during infections caused by CG involve complex interactions between environmental exposure to CG, infecting genotype, pathogen virulence factors, host susceptibility, and host immune responses. Future treatment guidelines should address the challenges associated with the management of antifungal treatments in the onco-haematological setting and the potential drug-drug interactions.

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Scoppola, Anna, Simone Cardoni, Thomas Marcussen e Marco Cosimo Simeone. "Complex Scenarios of Reticulation, Polyploidization, and Species Diversity within Annual Pansies of Subsect. Bracteolatae (Viola Sect. Melanium, Violaceae) in Italy: Insights from 5S-IGS High-Throughput Sequencing and Plastid DNA Variation". Plants 11, n. 10 (12 maggio 2022): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11101294.

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Viola sect. Melanium, the so-called pansy, is an allopolyploid morphologically well-defined lineage of ca. 110 perennial and annual species in the northern hemisphere, characterized by markedly complex genomic configurations. Five annual pansies occur in Italy, four of which are morphologically very similar and belong to the informal ‘V. tricolor species complex’: V. arvensis (2n = 34), V. hymettia (2n = 16), V. kitaibeliana (2n = 16), and V. tricolor (2n = 26). Their field recognition is difficult and reflects a long-debated taxonomy often resulting in doubtful records in field inventories and across European herbaria. The current lack of comprehensive intra- and interspecific comparative studies and a relative scarcity of appropriate genetic markers coupled with unambiguous cytological descriptions are hindering clear taxa circumscription and phylogenetic inferences within this group. In this work, we tested DNA sequence variation of three highly variable plastid markers and High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) of the nuclear ribosomal 5S-IGS region in an attempt to decipher species identity within the V. tricolor species complex and to obtain an insight on their genome organization and evolution. Our results document the close relationships within this species group, a reliable molecular resolution for V. tricolor, and the common ancestry of V. arvensis and the poorly differentiated V. kitaibeliana and V. hymettia. Evidence of an important inter-population geographical divergence was recorded in V. tricolor and V. arvensis, pointing at the existence of different eco-cytotypes within these entities. Overall diversity patterns and the occurrence of two to four differently diverging 5S-IGS lineages are discussed in the light of the acknowledged taxonomy and genomic evolutive trajectories of sect. Melanium.

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14

Kaiser, G. "Physiologische und evolutive Aspekte der Säugerontogenese im Zusammenhang mit den körpergrößeabhängigen Fortpflanzungserscheinungen bei Haushunden1". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 15, n. 4 (27 aprile 2009): 278–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.1977.tb00543.x.

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15

Magniez, Guy. "A REVIEW OF THE FAMILY STENASELLIDAE (ISOPODA, ASELLOTA, ASELLOIDEA) OF UNDERGROUND WATERS". Crustaceana 72, n. 8 (1999): 837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854099503988.

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AbstractThe historical discovery and the successive stages in our knowledge of the family Stenasellidae Dudich, 1924, are described. Their morphological features; the diagnosis of the family, and an updated list of its genera with the respective numbers of their taxa and their main characteristics are given. Also, the biogeography and the ecology of the group and relations between burrowing behaviour and general adaptation to life in all types of continental underground waters, are discussed. Next, the putative evolutionary history of the family is presented, taking into account the active dispersal of these isopods and also the role of Quaternary events: the development of aridity in the northern tropical zone and the occurrence of glaciations in the temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Their general biological adaptation to the absence of circadian stimuli is examined vis-a-vis the fact that biological rhythms are synchronized with the annual flooding events in the subterranean environment. Decouverte historique et progres successifs de la connaissance de la famille des Stenasellidae Dudich, 1924. Caracteres morphologiques originaux; diagnose de la famille; liste mise a jour des genres, nombre de leurs taxons et principales caracteristiques. Biogeographie et ecologie du groupe; relations entre le comportement fouisseur et l'adaptation a la vie dans tous les types de milieux des eaux souterraines continentales. Histoire evolutive presumee de la famille, tenant compte de la capacite d'expansion active de ces Isopodes et du role des evenements quaternaires: developpement du climat aride dans la zone nord-tropicale et intervention des glaciations dans les zones temperees de l'hemisphere nord. Adaptation generale des processus biologiques a l'absence de stimuli externes circadiens, ces processus etant rythmes par la pulsation annuelle du flux des eaux dans l'environnement souterrain, qui joue le role d'un stimulus circannien.

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Athias-Binche, Françoise. "Signification adaptative des différents types de développements postembryonnaires chez les Gamasides (Acariens: Anactinotriches)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, n. 6 (1 giugno 1987): 1299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-206.

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This review of the adaptive significance of various patterns of postembryonic development in the gamasid mites is restricted to the phenotypic and adaptive aspects of the different developmental patterns. Postembryonic development is redefined as beginning with achievement of embryonic ectoderm differentiation into a sclerified recognizable integument. The various kinds of postembryonic development depend on the ecology of the species and their adaptative strategies, ranging from generalized edaphic forms to more specialized species, either colonizing unpredictable habitats or being parasitic. In relation to progressive specialization, the relative duration of development tends to decrease from four active instars to three or two instars, or even to an abbreviated adult–adult cycle in endoparasitic species. One can distinguish the following main features: full development with four active instars, full development but comprising one or several phoretic instars; abbreviated development, with regressed apomorphic larva, with ovolarviparity, with regressed protonymph or with both regressed protonymph and deutonymph associated with ovolarviparity, and occasionally with phoresy. Phenotypic plasticity may occur and can be marked by facultative, behavioural, or polymorphic phoresy, facultative ovolarviparity, occasional arrhenotoky, or appearance of dormancy. The adaptive fitness of these different characters is discussed in terms of r–K selection strategies, colonizing dynamics, and specialized microhabitats. The concepts of adaptative and evolutive processes are briefly discussed, including Grandjean's theory of "l'évolution selon l'âge."

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Cozzi, Bruno, Mattia Panin, Camilla Butti, Michela Podestà e Alessandro Zotti. "Bone Density Distribution Patterns in the Rostrum of Delphinids and Beaked Whales: Evidence of Family-Specific Evolutive Traits". Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology 293, n. 2 (21 dicembre 2009): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.21044.

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PAQUIN, P., N. DUPÉRRÉ, D. J. BUCKLE e D. UBICK. "Caves as a key habitat for rare and endemic species of the west coast of North America: a taxonomic revision of the spider genus Oaphantes (Araneae: Linyphiidae)". Zootaxa 4819, n. 2 (23 luglio 2020): 349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.7.

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The genus Oaphantes is known from the West Coast of North America. Here we revise the genus which now includes three species, two of which are new: O. cryophilus n. sp. and O. prometheus n. sp. All Members of the genus Oaphantes show affinities for cave habitats. Oaphantes pallidulus is known from caves of the Coast Ranges of California and also from epigean records. Oaphantes cryophilus n. sp. is restricted to caves in the southern limit of its distribution in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, but in the north it is known from epigean records in Oregon, Washington and British Columbia. Oaphantes prometheus n. sp. is an eyeless troglobite endemic to a single cave in the Sierra Nevada of California. The distribution and relationships of the three species suggest an evolutive scenario likely due to climatic variations and affinities for colder conditions.

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Martens, Koen, e Isa Schon. "CRUSTACEAN BIODIVERSITY IN ANCIENT LAKES: A REVIEW". Crustaceana 72, n. 8 (1999): 899–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854099503807.

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AbstractSeveral crustacean groups have produced extensive species flocks in ancient lakes. However, except for the Amphipoda in Lake Baikal, crustacean diversity per se is not significantly higher in ancient lakes than in non-marine aquatic habitats in general. Yet the degree of endemicity in such long-lived habitats is certainly higher in these crustacean groups than in the average of noncrustacean groups. Causality must thus be sought in the evolutionary biology, rather than in the ecology of the groups at issue. Several potential, intrinsic factors, possibly promoting speciation, have been cited, but thus far no singular cause for high crustacean endemicity in ancient lakes could be demonstrated. Plusieurs groupes de crustaces ont produit de vastes ensembles d'especes dans les lacs anciens. Cependant, excepte pour les amphipodes du lac Baikal, la diversite des crustaces en elle-meme n'est pas significativement plus grande dans les lacs anciens que dans les habitats aquatiques nonmarins en general. Pourtant, le degre d'endemisme dans des habitats habites de si longue date est certainement plus eleve dans les groupes de crustaces que dans la moyenne des groupes non crustaces. La cause doit alors etre recherchee dans la biologie evolutive, plutot que dans l'ecologie des groupes concernes. Plusieurs facteurs potentiels, intrinseques, pouvant induire la speciation, ont ete cites, mais pour l'instant, aucune cause particuliere n'a pu etre etablie pour expliquer l'endemisme crustaceen superieur dans les lacs anciens.

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Nicolai, Jüurgen. "Evolutive Neuerungen in der Balz von Haustaubenrassen (Columba livia var. domestica) als Ergebnis menschlicher Zuchtwahl". Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 40, n. 3 (26 aprile 2010): 225–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1976.tb00935.x.

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Duchatelet, Laurent, Charlotte Nuyt, Nathan Puozzo, Jérôme Mallefet e Jérôme Delroisse. "Evolutionary Conservation of Photophore Ultrastructure in Sharks: The Case of a Dalatiid Squalomorph". Fishes 8, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2023): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes8020087.

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Bioluminescence is a common ecological trait among many marine organisms, including three shark families: Etmopteridae, Dalatiidae, and Somniosidae. The kitefin shark, Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre, 1788), from the Dalatiidae family is the largest known luminous vertebrate. This study compares the light organ ultrastructure of D. licha with that of Etmopterus spinax, the type species of Etmopteridae, to gain a deeper understanding of the light emission process and its evolutionary conservation within shark families. The ultrastructure of D. licha’s photophores and the morphological changes that occur after hormonal stimulation (via melatonin and α-MSH, which stimulate or inhibit the bioluminescence, respectively) were examined. The photophores consist of a spherical pigmented sheath surrounding a unique, regionalized light-emitting cell (photocyte). The photocyte’s basal area contains a specific area filled with granular inclusions that resemble the glowon-type microsources of E. spinax, suggesting that this area is the intracellular site of light emission. An acidophilic secretion, not present in Etmopteridae, is also observed within the granular area and may be involved in photogenesis. The ultrastructure analysis reveals no lens cells or reticular layer, unlike in Etmopteridae photophores, indicating a simpler organization in Dalatiidae photophores. Melatonin stimulation causes the removal of pigments from the photophore-associated melanophores and an increase in the granular inclusion diameter and coverage in the granular area, further showing that this last area is the potential site of light emission, while α-MSH stimulation causes the extension of the melanophore pigments and a decrease in the granular inclusion diameter and coverage. These results support the evolutive conservation of photophore functional organization across luminous etmopterid and dalatiid sharks.

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Ash, C. "ECOLOGY/EVOLUTION: Pelagic Ecology". Science 315, n. 5820 (30 marzo 2007): 1769b. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.315.5820.1769b.

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Santos, Ana M., Ana M. González, Juan De Dios Alche e Marta Santalla. "Microscopical Analysis of Autofluorescence as a Complementary and Useful Method to Assess Differences in Anatomy and Structural Distribution Underlying Evolutive Variation in Loss of Seed Dispersal in Common Bean". Plants 12, n. 11 (3 giugno 2023): 2212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12112212.

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The common bean has received attention as a model plant for legume studies, but little information is available about the morphology of its pods and the relation of this morphology to the loss of seed dispersal and/or the pod string, which are key agronomic traits of legume domestication. Dehiscence is related to the pod morphology and anatomy of pod tissues because of the weakening of the dorsal and ventral dehiscence zones and the tensions of the pod walls. These tensions are produced by the differential mechanical properties of lignified and non-lignified tissues and changes in turgor associated with fruit maturation. In this research, we histologically studied the dehiscence zone of the ventral and dorsal sutures of the pod in two contrasting genotypes for the dehiscence and string, by comparing different histochemical methods with autofluorescence. We found that the secondary cell wall modifications of the ventral suture of the pod were clearly different between the dehiscence-susceptible and stringy PHA1037 and the dehiscence-resistant and stringless PHA0595 genotypes. The susceptible genotype had cells of bundle caps arranged in a more easily breakable bowtie knot shape. The resistant genotype had a larger vascular bundle area and larger fibre cap cells (FCCs), and due to their thickness, the external valve margin cells were significantly stronger than those from PHA1037. Our findings suggest that the FCC area, and the cell arrangement in the bundle cap, might be partial structures involved in the pod dehiscence of the common bean. The autofluorescence pattern at the ventral suture allowed us to quickly identify the dehiscent phenotype and gain a better understanding of cell wall tissue modifications that took place along the bean’s evolution, which had an impact on crop improvement. We report a simple autofluorescence protocol to reliably identify secondary cell wall organization and its relationship to the dehiscence and string in the common bean.

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Jędrzejewska, Bogumiła, e Mieczysław Wolsan. "Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution. Book review. J. L. Gittleman (Ed.), 1989: Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution. London, Chapman and Hall. 620 pp". Acta Theriologica 37 (12 giugno 1992): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.4098/at.arch.92-28.

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P. Pais, Isabel, Rita Moreira, José N. Semedo, Fernando H. Reboredo, Fernando C. Lidon, José Coutinho, Benvindo Maçãs e Paula Scotti-Campos. "Phenotypic Diversity of Seminal Root Traits in Bread Wheat Germplasm from Different Origins". Plants 11, n. 21 (25 ottobre 2022): 2842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11212842.

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Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major staple crop, and more adapted varieties are needed to ensure productivity under unpredictable stress scenarios resulting from climate changes. In the development of new genotypes, root system traits are essential since roots have a key function in water and nutrient uptake, and root architecture determines the plant’s ability to spatially explore the soil resources. Genetic variation in wheat root system may be assessed at the early stages of development. This study evaluates in vitro and at the seedling stage, the genetic diversity of root growth angle (RGA), seminal root number (SRN), and radicle length (RadL) in 30 bread wheat genotypes from different origins and belonging to distinct evolutive or breeding groups. SRN and RadL were analyzed at 1, 2, 3 and 6 days after sowing (DAS) and RGA was measured through the angle between the first pair of seminal roots. A large variability was found in RGA values that ranged from 63° to 122°. Although differences were found between genotypes within the same groups, the narrower angles tended to occur among landraces, while the higher RGA values were observed in advanced lines and Australian varieties. Differences were also observed as regards the SRN (1.0–3.0, 2.7–4.7, 3.2–5.0 and 4.4–6.3 at 1, 2, 3 and 6 DAS, respectively) and RadL (0.1–1.5, 2.1–5.0, 4.0–7.5 and 5.1–13.7 cm at 1, 2, 3 and 6 DAS, respectively). Genetic variability in root traits at seedling stage allows more rapid selection of genotypes better adapted to environmental and soil constraints, necessary to Portuguese Wheat Breeding Program. It will also contribute to the definition of wheat ideotypes with improved performance under Mediterranean climate conditions.

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Triantafyllou, G., I. Hoteit e G. Petihakis. "A singular evolutive interpolated Kalman filter for efficient data assimilation in a 3-D complex physical–biogeochemical model of the Cretan Sea". Journal of Marine Systems 40-41 (aprile 2003): 213–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-7963(03)00019-8.

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27

Haila, Yrjö. "Ecology finding evolution finding ecology". Biology & Philosophy 4, n. 2 (aprile 1989): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00127756.

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28

Iyengar, Erika. "Ecology/Evolution". American Biology Teacher 72, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2010): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2010.72.1.12.

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29

Grew, Edward S., Grete Hystad, Myriam P. C. Toapanta, Ahmed Eleish, Aleksandra Ostroverkhova, Joshua Golden e Robert M. Hazen. "Lithium mineral evolution and ecology: comparison with boron and beryllium". European Journal of Mineralogy 31, n. 4 (12 dicembre 2019): 755–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2019/0031-2862.

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30

Machado, Caroline R. D., Larissa Glugoski, Camila Domit, Marcela B. Pucci, Daphne W. Goldberg, Layse A. Marinho, Gideão W. W. F. da Costa, Viviane Nogaroto e Marcelo R. Vicari. "Comparative Cytogenetics of Four Sea Turtle Species (Cheloniidae): G-Banding Pattern and in situ Localization of Repetitive DNA Units". Cytogenetic and Genome Research 160, n. 9 (2020): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000511118.

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Abstract (sommario):

Sea turtles are considered flagship species for marine biodiversity conservation and are considered to be at varying risk of extinction globally. Cases of hybridism have been reported in sea turtles, but chromosomal analyses are limited to classical karyotype descriptions and a few molecular cytogenetic studies. In order to compare karyotypes and understand evolutive mechanisms related to chromosome differentiation in this group, <i>Chelonia mydas</i>, <i>Caretta caretta</i>, <i>Eretmochelys imbricata</i>, and <i>Lepidochelys olivacea</i> were cytogenetically characterized in the present study. When the obtained cytogenetic data were compared with the putative ancestral Cryptodira karyotype, the studied species showed the same diploid number (2n) of 56 chromosomes, with some variations in chromosomal morphology (karyotypic formula) and minor changes in longitudinal band locations. In situ localization using a 18S ribosomal DNA probe indicated a homeologous microchromosome pair bearing a 45S ribosomal DNA locus and size heteromorphism in all 4 species. Interstitial telomeric sites were identified in a microchromosome pair in <i>C. mydas</i> and <i>C. caretta</i>. The data showed that interspecific variations occurred in chromosomal sets among the Cheloniidae species, in addition to other Cryptodira karyotypes. These variations generated lineage-specific karyotypic diversification in sea turtles, which will have considerable implications for hybrid recognition and for the study, the biology, ecology, and evolutionary history of regional and global populations. Furthermore, we demonstrated that some chromosome rearrangements occurred in sea turtle species, which is in conflict with the hypothesis of conserved karyotypes in this group.

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31

Salata, Stefano. "Filling the Gaps in Biophysical Knowledge of Urban Ecosystems: Flooding Mitigation and Stormwater Retention". Land 12, n. 3 (17 marzo 2023): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12030702.

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Abstract (sommario):

Urban flooding is one of the most recognized problems cities must tackle in the coming decades due to climate change conditions. Nevertheless, the empirical knowledge of the biophysical capacity of cities to absorb, store or retain and release water after rainfall events is limited, partly due to the gaps that modeling has in terms of representing the complexity of urban systems. This limit, in turn, affects the decision-making process related to the system’s adaptation. This work aims to integrate two types of alternative spatial ecosystem modeling and see how results can be combined, evaluated and used in view of a more holistic comprehension of flooding phenomena while reaching a deeper understanding of the vulnerability to multiple types of rain events: flash floods versus annual precipitation. The results of the two modeling sessions will be analyzed and compared. They will be further used to gather a greater understanding of the biophysical complexity of Izmir’s Metropolitan City in Turkey: one of the most dynamic but climatically threatened urban areas in the Mediterranean basin. The findings confirm the extent to which empirical knowledge of the urban system is partial and uncertain, thus requiring continuous progress through ecosystem modeling to support an evolutive interpretation of biophysical performances based on trial and error.

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32

Ledoux, Marie-Pierre, Elise Dicop, Marcela Sabou, Valérie Letscher-Bru, Vincent Castelain, François Danion e Raoul Herbrecht. "Fusarium, Scedosporium and Other Rare Mold Invasive Infections: Over Twenty-Five-Year Experience of a European Tertiary-Care Center". Journal of Fungi 10, n. 4 (15 aprile 2024): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof10040289.

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Abstract (sommario):

Invasive mold infections (IMD) are an emerging concern due to the growing prevalence of patients at risk, encompassing but not limited to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, hematological malignancies patients, solid organ transplant recipients and intensive care unit patients. In contrast with invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis, other hyalohyphomycoses and phaeohyphomycoses remain poorly known. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical, biological, microbiological and evolutive features of 92 IMD having occurred in patients in our tertiary-care center over more than 25 years. A quarter of these infections were due to multiple molds. Molds involved were Fusarium spp. (36.2% of IMD with a single agent, 43.5% of IMD with multiple agents), followed by Scedosporium spp. (respectively 14.5% and 26.1%) and Alternaria spp. (respectively 13.0% and 8.7%). Mortality at day 84 was higher for Fusarium spp., Scedosporium spp. or multiple pathogens IMD compared with Alternaria or other pathogens (51.7% vs. 17.6%, p < 0.05). Mortality at day 84 was also influenced by host factor: higher among hematology and alloHSCT patients than in other patients (30.6% vs. 20.9% at day 42 and 50.0% vs. 27.9% at day 84, p = 0.041). Better awareness, understanding and treatments are awaited to improve patient prognosis.

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33

Vázquez, José. "Ecology and Evolution". American Biology Teacher 66, n. 4 (1 aprile 2004): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4451676.

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34

Sugden, A. M. "ECOLOGY/EVOLUTION: Biomics!" Science 304, n. 5674 (21 maggio 2004): 1079a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.304.5674.1079a.

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35

Lee, Thomas H. "Ecology in Evolution". New England Journal of Medicine 344, n. 26 (28 giugno 2001): 2018–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200106283442610.

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36

Smith, J. David, Alexandria C. Zakrzewski, Jennifer M. Johnson e Jeanette C. Valleau. "Ecology, Fitness, Evolution". Current Directions in Psychological Science 25, n. 4 (agosto 2016): 266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721416652393.

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37

Stikker, Allered. "Evolution and ecology". Futures 22, n. 2 (marzo 1990): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-3287(90)90080-2.

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38

Kronenfeld, David B. "The Ecology of Language Evolution.:The Ecology of Language Evolution." American Anthropologist 105, n. 4 (dicembre 2003): 856–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2003.105.4.856.2.

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39

Albuquerque-Lima, Sinzinando, Nigel P. Taylor, Daniela C. Zappi e Isabel C. Machado. "Floral Specialization and Bat Pollination in Subtribe Cereinae (Cactaceae): A Morphological Approach". Diversity 15, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2023): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15020207.

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Abstract (sommario):

Cactaceae has many vertebrate-pollinated species, and in the subtribe Cereinae, several genera are indicated as being pollinated by bats. In this subtribe, we observed phenotypic specialization in floral morphological attributes associated with chiropterophily, allowing high precision in the determination of this pollination system. However, in loco pollination records of bats have been confirmed only in a few species. In this context, using a morphological approach, we studied the floral biology of 14 columnar cacti of Cereeae-Cereinae with emphasis on species with chiropterophilous attributes and confirmed the role of bats specialized in nectar consumption as pollinators of these taxa. The studied taxa have similarities in their floral bauplan, observed by analysing the overlap in the floral morphospace. The length and opening of the floral tube are important characteristics for pollen deposition. Approximately 156 visits by bats of the subfamilies Glossophaginae and Lonchophyllinae were observed among the studied taxa. Chiropterophily is the prevalent pollination system among Cereinae, and hereby, we verified this system in five of its genera. There is, however, much variation between diurnal and nocturnal systems within this subtribe, and variation among genera and within species of a given genus may reflect the evolutive pathways, this being worthy of future studies.

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40

SCOLARO, JOSÉ ALEJANDRO, e NORA RUTH IBARGÜENGOYTÍA. "A new fragment for the understanding of the puzzling evolutive process of the Phymaturus genus: a new species of the patagonicus group from Patagonia, Argentina (Reptilia: Iguania: Liolaemidae)". Zootaxa 1939, n. 1 (21 novembre 2008): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1939.1.4.

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Abstract (sommario):

A new species, Phymaturus sp. nov. is described as a new member of the Phymaturus patagonicus group of patagonian geographic distribution. It is distinguished by having flat imbricate superciliaries rather than rectangular and non-overlapping, and slightly spiny caudal scales in verticilles. Additionally, the subocular scale is fragmented and separated from the supralabials by two rows of lorilabials (as in most species of the palluma group). The species may be distinguished from other members of the patagonicus group by having metric and meristic differences, as well as a peculiar color pattern characterized by a notorious polychromatism. It lives at about 1000 m of altitude in rocky outcrops near Comallo, in southwestern Rio Negro Province, Argentina. The new species and the closely related species of the patagonicus group are morphologically compared, and its distribution and natural history are described.

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41

Suder, Karen Cruse. "Sensory Ecology & Evolution". American Biology Teacher 83, n. 4 (1 aprile 2021): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2021.83.4.279.

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42

Handel, S. N. "Dispersal Ecology and Evolution". Ecological Restoration 32, n. 4 (7 novembre 2014): 464–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.32.4.464.

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43

Tanaka, Mikiko. "Ecology, Evolution and Development". Development, Growth & Differentiation 61, n. 1 (27 dicembre 2018): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dgd.12586.

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44

Sugden, A. M. "ECOLOGY/EVOLUTION: Tasty Galls". Science 290, n. 5497 (1 dicembre 2000): 1653e—1655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5497.1653e.

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45

Sugden, A. M. "ECOLOGY/EVOLUTION: Riverine Barriers". Science 290, n. 5500 (22 dicembre 2000): 2213b—2213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5500.2213b.

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46

Sugden, A. M. "ECOLOGY/EVOLUTION: Kangaroo Societies". Science 291, n. 5505 (2 febbraio 2001): 793a—793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.291.5505.793a.

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47

COLWELL, ROBERT K. "The Evolution of Ecology". American Zoologist 25, n. 3 (agosto 1985): 771–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/25.3.771.

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48

Sugden, A. M. "ECOLOGY/EVOLUTION: Molluscan Agriculture". Science 302, n. 5653 (19 dicembre 2003): 2034b—2034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.302.5653.2034b.

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49

Sugden, A. M. "ECOLOGY/EVOLUTION: Revealing Relationships". Science 303, n. 5659 (6 febbraio 2004): 731b—731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.303.5659.731b.

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50

Sugden, A. M. "ECOLOGY/EVOLUTION: Phenotypic Plasticity". Science 306, n. 5694 (8 ottobre 2004): 199a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.306.5694.199a.

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