Tesi sul tema "Évaluation temporelle"
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Bretier, Marie. "Évaluation de la variabilité spatio-temporelle du mercure et de l'arsenic dans les eaux de surface par échantillonnage passif". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1073.
Developed around 20 years ago, passive samplers are an alternative to discrete sampling. The sampling of contaminants is realized in-situ and allows to integrate the contamination over the exposure period. Passive samplers have the advantage to lower the quantification limits, to avoid matrix effects during the analysis and to facilitate the sample preservation. For metals, DGT is the most employed technique and allow in its classic configuration to sample cationic metals. These tools were adapted in order to sample mercury and arsenic. Nevertheless, the chemical forms of these contaminants influence their toxicity and their bioavailability which have to be taken into account when characterizing the exposition of aquatic environments. Thus, this thesis aimed to: i) develop and validate, in the laboratory, DGT techniques for the measurement of arsenic and mercury chemical speciation in freshwaters; ii) assess the spatio-temporal variability of mercury and arsenic concentrations and their chemical speciation at different scales in surface freshwaters by passive sampling. Arsenic speciation (AsIII + AsV) with a unique DGT could not be assessed according to the usual procedure since arsenic elution from ferrihydrite binging gel cause an oxidation of AsIII to AsV and therefore a loss of information on the speciation. The setting up of screening plans allowed to optimize this elution step and to elute 22 and 32% AsIII and AsV, respectively, from the ferrihydrite binding gel, with ammonium dihydrogenophosphate (NH4H2PO4) 0.5 M at 75°C with a conversion of 30% of AsIII to AsV. Through the use of corrective factors, AsIII and AsV could be monitored from 0.24 et 0.33 μg.L-1 in average on the exposure period for DGT (7 days) in surface freshwaters at 20°C. For the monitoring of mercury speciation (HgII + MeHg) with a unique DGT, the analysis step proved to be problematic since it necessitates to adapt double isotopic dilution technique for the DGT. While MeHg could be measured by DGT from 0.08 ng.L-1 in surface freshwaters, laboratory tests have highlighted specific difficulties in the measurement of HgII certainly in relation to 3M binding gel properties that could not be identified during this thesis. DGT were then applied in-situ in 4 different contexts in order to evaluate their relevance for integrating spatio-temporal variations of metals concentrations. First, during dam flushing operations on the Rhône River during ~15 days, we have showed that DGT were highly representative of the dynamic of metals concentrations and As speciation in comparison with discrete sampling, notably integrating the increase of Mn, Ni, Co and As (AsIII and then AsV) dissolved concentrations. Then, the use of DGT on the Gier and Deûle sites for the monitoring of mercury speciation have evidenced the consistency between mercury and methylmercury concentrations measured by passive and discrete sampling measurements in dynamic surface freshwaters from weekly to annual scales. Nevertheless, in environmental conditions which favor dissolved gaseous mercury production, Hg concentrations estimated by DGT would be overestimated as a reason of an uptake of these mercury chemical forms by DGT, necessitating to interpret the results with caution. Finally, DGT applications on the Rapel lake watershed in Chile have highlighted DGT capacity to identify the spatial variation of contamination as well as DGT relevance to integrate temporal variations of Hg concentrations linked with hydropower production plant operations
Michel, Gilles. "Évaluation des algorithmes théoriques de traitement du signal appliqués aux micropotentiels des activités électrocardiologiques : nouveau concept d'analyse par cohérence temporelle". Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4408.
Moulahi, Bilel. "Définition et évaluation de modèles d'agrégation pour l'estimation de la pertinence multidimensionnelle en recherche d'information". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30254/document.
The main research topic of this document revolve around the information retrieval (IR) field. Traditional IR models rank documents by computing single scores separately with respect to one single objective criterion. Recently, an increasing number of IR studies has triggered a resurgence of interest in redefining the algorithmic estimation of relevance, which implies a shift from topical to multidimensional relevance assessment. In our work, we specifically address the multidimensional relevance assessment and evaluation problems. To tackle this challenge, state-of-the-art approaches are often based on linear combination mechanisms. However, these methods rely on the unrealistic additivity hypothesis and independence of the relevance dimensions, which makes it unsuitable in many real situations where criteria are correlated. Other techniques from the machine learning area have also been proposed. The latter learn a model from example inputs and generalize it to combine the different criteria. Nonetheless, these methods tend to offer only limited insight on how to consider the importance and the interaction between the criteria. In addition to the parameters sensitivity used within these algorithms, it is quite difficult to understand why a criteria is more preferred over another one. To address this problem, we proposed a model based on a multi-criteria aggregation operator that is able to overcome the problem of additivity. Our model is based on a fuzzy measure that offer semantic interpretations of the correlations and interactions between the criteria. We have adapted this model to the multidimensional relevance estimation in two scenarii: (i) a tweet search task and (ii) two personalized IR settings. The second line of research focuses on the integration of the temporal factor in the aggregation process, in order to consider the changes of document collections over time. To do so, we have proposed a time-aware IR model for combining the temporal relavance criterion with the topical relevance one. Then, we performed a time series analysis to identify the temporal query nature, and we proposed an evaluation framework within a time-aware IR setting
Bouchard, Mélanie. "Évolution temporelle et modélisation des coliformes dans une source d'eau potable". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25517/25517.pdf.
Zargouni, Yadh. "Évaluation de l'efficacité des mesures de sécurité routière". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066194.
Alaeddine, Houssein. "Un modèle d'optimisation spatio-temporel pour l'évacuation de la population exposée aux catastrophes naturelles : projet ACCELL : évaluation spatio-temporelle de l'ACCessibilité d'Enjeux localisés en situation d'inondation sur le bassin de la Loire". Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR1802/document.
The importance of managing an urban site threatened or affected by flooding requires the development of effective evacuation systems. An effective evacuation system has to take into account some constraints such as the transportation traffic which plays an important role as well as others such as the accessibility, necessary human resources and material equipment (vehicles, assembly points, etc...). The main objective of this work is to bring assistance to the technical services and brigade forces in terms of accessibility by providing itineraries with respect to rescue operations and the evacuation of people and goods.We consider the evacuation of a middle size area, exposed to a risk, and more precisely to a risk of flooding. In case of flooding event, the most of inhabitants will be evacuated by themselves, ie., using their personal vehicles. Considered case here, the flooding can be forecast in advance, and then the population has few days (2-4) to evacuate. Our aimis to build an evacuation plan, ie., fixing for each individual the date of departure and the path to reach the assembly point (also called shelter) associated. Evacuation plan must avoid congestion on the roads of evacuation network.Here, we present a spatio-temporal optimization model for the evacuation of the population exposed to natural disasters, and more particularly to a flood risk
Chapelon, Laurent. "Offre de transport et aménagement du territoire : évaluation spatio-temporelle des projets de modification de l'offre par modélisation multi-échelles des systèmes de transport". Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR1802.
The aim of our research is to develop transport-facility planning software. Three different features defined passenger transport. The first one is the use of several modes of transport from the departture point to the destination. The second one is a reduction of travelling times and costs in inter-city transport. The third one is the increasing importance of connection phenomena between several transport networks. A multiscale modelizing process has been devised within the nod application program to study the spatial impact of a transport planning project. This process enables to do two things. On the one hand, such a process makes it possible to determine the existing interaction between local, departmental, regional, national and international levels of organization. On the other hand, it offers a thorough description of the full range of travelling means including final distances and inter-modal connections. The study of the connection phenomena in transport networks is essential to understand the impact of nodes on the urban and inter-urban transport links. Our accessibility calculation will consider the whole transport chain including transit and transport delays that occur inside the nodes. In fact nod new algorithm is able to simultaneously take account of public transport timetables and road travel durations for the minimum transport duration and path calculation
Sangnier, Arnaud. "Vérification de systèmes avec compteurs et pointeurs". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DENS0051.
In the past years, formal methods have shown to be a succesfull approach to ensure that the behavior of an informatic system will respect some properties. Among the different existing techniques, model-checking have been recently studied and successfully applied to a lot of models like counter systems, lossy channel systems, pushdown automata, timed automata, etc. In this thesis, we consider two different models to verify programs which manipulate integer variables and pointer variables. In a first part, we deal with counter systems. We define the model and the different restrictions which have been proposed. We then introduce a restricted class of counter systems, called the reversal-bounded counter machines, for which many reachability problems are decidable. We show that this class can be extended keeping the decidability results and we prove that we can decide whether a Vector Addition System with States is reversal-bounded or not, which is not possible for general counter systems. We then study the problem of model-checking counter systems with different temporal logics. The temporal logics we consider allow to speak about the data manipulated by the system. In particular, we show that the model-checking of deterministic one-counter automata with formulae of LTL with registers is decidable, and becomes undecidable when considering non deterministic one-counter automata and two counter automata. In a second part, we introduce the model of pointer systems, which is used to represent programs manipulating single linked lists. We propose an algorithm to translate any pointer system into a bisimilar counter system. This allows us to reuse existing techniques over counter systems to analyze these programs. We then propose an extension of CTL* to verify temporal properties for such programs, and we study the decidability of the model-checking problem for this new logic. Finally we present the tool TOPICS (Translation of Programs Into Counter Systems) which translates a C-like program with pointers and integer variables into a counter system
Sighoko, Mawadzoue Frida Dominique. "Cancers du sein (féminin) et du foie en Afrique de l’Ouest : évolution temporelle de l’incidence et évaluation des facteurs de risque en Gambie et au Mali". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10297/document.
In Sub-Saharan Africa, the exact burden of cancer remains largely unknown and understudied. The Gambia and Mali are among the few African countries with operational population-based cancer registries. Data from 1988 to 2006 for the Gambia and from 1987 to 2009 for Bamako-Mali were used to analyze the incidence rates according to age, sex and ethnicity and to characterize the profile of women with breast and liver cancers. The data were arbitrarily divided into two periods, 1988-1997 and 1998-2006 for the Gambia and 1987-1997, 1998-2009 for Bamako- Mali. In addition to this, a case-control study evaluating the risk factors associated with the reproductive life of women with breast cancer was conducted in Mali. In both countries, breast cancer in women is characterized by a predominance of premenopausal cancers. These women are mostly parous with a median age at diagnosis in the age group 40-45 years. The case-control study showed a significant association between late age at menarche and increased risk of developing breast cancer in pre-menopausal women against a decrease in risk among post menopausal women. Concerning liver cancer, while the incidence rate was relatively stable among males in the Gambia, it was increasing among females of this country. In contrary, in Mali, a gradual decline and homogeneous in the incidence of liver cancer was observed over the years and for both sexes. Further studies are needed to characterize the biological profile of breast cancer and risk factors associated with it, but also to assess the role of obesity and exposure to aflatoxin B1 in order to understand the trends observed in liver cancer in West Africa
Van, Laere Pauline. "Une approche psychosociale de la protection de l'environnement : perspective temporelle et distance psychologique". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=1227&f=14239.
Environnemental issues are one of the most important problem we face today. Understand determinants of pro-environmental behaviours is crucial. After presenting classic variables as personality and attitudinal variables, we suggest two lines of research adapted to our object specificity for which risks are often distant. In the first line, we will argue that the ability of time projection links the behaviour with its future environmental consequences and should promote commitment to environmental protection. After presenting the theoretical framework of temporal perspective, we conduct a review of literature showing that future orientation is linked to more commitment to the environment. Our studies, however, have not found this link. We have shown a negative correlation between direction towards fatalistic present or negative past and pro-environmental behaviours. Importance of other variables has been demonstrated in these experiences such as environmental concerns, connexion to nature and cultural involvement. In the second line, we will defend the opposite position by arguing that it is by bringing perception of environmental risks closer that we promote pro-environmental behaviour. After exposing the theoretical framework of psychological distance and its relation to levels of constructs, we propose two studies, one measuring the perceived distance regarding environmental problems and the other manipulating it. These studies firstly allowed to characterise the perceived distance to different environmental issues, which are perceived relatively close on all dimensions except for social dimension where they are both close and distant. Then, we show that a close distance is associated with more environmental concerns, an assessment as more real and serious of risks and finally more behavioural intentions to act in favour of environment. We will conclude this work by putting our results in perspective and by suggesting applications in terms of communication on environmental problems
Glory, Anne-Cécile. "Vérification de propriétés de programmes flots de données synchrones". Grenoble 1, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335630.
De, Valicourt Guilhem. "Conception, fabrication, et évaluation de modulateurs déportés pour les réseaux d'accès et radio sur fibre". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00677397.
Hasan, Ali Fadhil. "Évaluation de la dégradation des forêts primaires par télédétection dans un espace de front pionnier consolidé d’Amazonie orientale (Paragominas)". Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA3002/document.
The forest degradation is a change of the structure and the composition of flora and fauna, which leads to a loss of biodiversity, of production of goods and services and an increased vulnerability to weather hazards and fires. This process concerns large areas in the tropics, particularly in agricultural frontier where primary forest is subject to timber extraction, fire and fragmentation. Remote sensing is used to assess the magnitude and the extent of forest degradation. However, the methodologies available are still insufficient. The scientific challenge is to develop methods adapted to large areas to analyze the effect of different disturbances on the trajectories followed by the forest cover. It is also to identify different intensities of degradation following disturbances events. This is a prerequisite for defining and implementing appropriate management plans. The first axis of this work aims to map annually the extent of the disturbances, to identify the main types of disturbances and to characterize the restoration trajectory of the photosynthetic activity. This work is based on time series of Landsat images processed using CLASlite software. The aggregation of the annual coverages resulting from treatments with CLASlite also made it possible to constitute an indicator of degradation resulting from the accumulation of disturbance processes over several years. The second axis aims to evaluate the evolution of the forest sensitivity to drought as a function of its degradation and to build a degradation indicator. The approach uses MODIS images and TRMM precipitation data. This work is implemented in the municipality of Paragominas (state of Pará, Brazil)
Broutin, Michaël. "Évaluation des chaussées souples aéroportuaires à l'aide du déflectomètre à masse tombante (HWD) : développement d'une méthode d'analyse dynamique temporelle par éléments finis pour le calcul inverse des propriétés structurelles". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00565757.
Fénart, Stéphane. "Dynamique spatiale et temporelle des populations de betteraves mauvaises herbes (Beta vulgaris ssp. ) : implications possibles dans la dissémination de transgènes". Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1fcc623a-aa10-44c3-ada9-dee1a5934f30.
Le déficit en hétérozygotes semble être le fait à la fois d'un effet Wahlund temporel dû au mélange de cohortes dans la banque de graines mais également d'un effet Wahlund spatial, dû à la formation au cours du temps de taches d'infestation d'individus apparentés. L'autofécondation, héritée des cultivées, ne se retrouve principalement que dans les stades d'infestation les moins avancés et semble contre sélectionnée au cours du temps en raison d'une importante dépression de consanguinité. Au contraire, la montaison sans vernalisation, héritée des rudérales, contribue au syndrome de mauvaise herbe et est de ce fait très vite sélectionné. Nos études de paternités menées sur cinq parcelles au sein d'un paysage agricole ont montré que la dispersion du pollen peut se faire sur des distances très élevées allant jusqu'à une dizaine de kilomètres. La commercialisation de variétés transgéniques résistantes à un herbicide total est envisagée pour contrôler les betteraves mauvaises herbes. Si une hybridation cultivée x sauvage concerne ces variétés, elle pourrait aboutir à la formation de betteraves mauvaises herbes résistantes aux herbicides. Au vu de nos résultats, celles-ci pourraient à leur tour transmettre cette résistance à d'autres betteraves mauvaises herbes poussant sur des parcelles voisines ou aux populations de betteraves sauvages littorales, pouvant entraîner des conséquences importantes, tant sur le plan économique qu'écologique
Bertrand, Romain. "Réponse spatio-temporelle de la végétation forestière au réchauffement climatique - Évaluation du remaniement de la végétation et caractérisation de l'effet des facteurs écologiques et géographiques le modulant à l'échelle de l'espèce et des communautés". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00839155.
Bertrand, Romain. "Réponse spatio-temporelle de la végétation forestière au réchauffement climatique - Évaluation du remaniement de la végétation et caractérisation de l’effet des facteurs écologiques et géographiques le modulant à l’échelle de l’espèce et des communautés". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0065/document.
Climate change is known to cause a spatial redistribution of climatic conditions which is driving poleward and upward range shifts. Such shifts imply a reorganization of plant communities which is still poorly understood. Here we aimed to assess the changes in plant communities' composition induced by climate warming at a global scale and over a long time period, as well as to analyze the effects of ecological and geographical factors that contribute to these changes at the species and community levels. The response of the forest flora to the raising temperature has been studied across the French metropolitan territory (~546,000 km²) from large floristic databases, measured and modeled environmental data, and a modeling approach based on the concept of ecological niche and the bioindicator properties of plant species. First, we showed that the reshuffling of plant communities allowed to recover 0.54°C of the temperature increase between the periods 1965–1986 and 1987–2008 in highland forests (i.e. +1.07°C), while it recovered only 0.02°C in lowland forest (warming = 1.11 °C). This partial compensation demonstrates the current occurrence of a climatic debt in forest vegetation caused by climate warming. The high climatic debt observed in lowland forest compared to the highland one is likely due to extinction and migration debts caused by a wider temperature tolerance of plants in lowland communities and a plant migration capacity (i) limited by the high spatial fragmentation of the lowland forest habitat and (ii) shorter than the shift of thermal conditions in lowland areas, respectively. The ecological and geographical specificity of lowland and highland forests led us to consider two different threats induced by climate change: (i) biotic attrition in lowland areas, and (ii) loss of a specific and an historic biodiversity in highland forest (mountaintop extinction of alpine species due the surface decrease of their potential habitat) likely replaced by more common species assemblage (increase of generalist plants). Second, the effects of abiotic, biotic and geographical factors which can amplify or reduce the magnitude of both the species range shifts and the reshuffling of plant communities induced by global warming were characterized. Last and final summary in the thesis
Afilal, Foad. "Évaluation et modélisation des performances temporelles de messageries industrielles". Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10095.
Navet, Nicolas. "Évaluation de performances temporelles et optimisation de l'ordonnancement de tâches et messages". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1999_NAVET_N.pdf.
Cabrera, Delgado Jorge. "Quelle prise en compte des dynamiques urbaines dans la prévision de la demande de transport ?" Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877044.
Mantel, Claire. "Bruits temporels de compression et perception de la qualité vidéo : mesure et correction". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00680787.
Arrieu-Mutel, Aline. "Les pratiques d'évaluations formatives et verdictives verbales des enseignants : le cas de deux enseignants de sciences-physiques en lycée général en France". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20067/document.
Our exploratory research, referred to as descriptive, explanatory and comprehensive, consists of exploring a rarely debated area: the verbal evaluation of students by teachers to immediately improve learning and the difficulties observed. We hypothesize that in teaching - learning situations, the teacher is subject to constraining factors that must be overcome in order for the class to move forward: they must ensure that the majority of students build the knowledge expected or meet the educational and didactic objectives planned for the lesson. We will devise a model for the practice of the assessment, using the interrelation of the act of the formative and verbal assessment by the teacher, the representation of their assessment and the situational and peripheral environment. The data obtained, shows the organisation of the constituent patterns of the interactions between the formative and verbal assessment and the answers (or questions) of the students within the determinants of the class; a few encourage a regulation of the process of learning whilst others contribute to the progression of the didactic process. The research into the organisation of these patterns also highlights the presence of discriminating informations (discernements) with regards to the situational context, the concerns of the teacher focused the construction of precise disciplinary content, guided the timing of the class and the socio-cultural aims attained. The latter highlights the understanding of the difficulties of students and the completion of school programmes in years seconde and première scientifique in France
Martin, Frank. "Modélisation et évaluation de performances prévisionnelles d'architectures avioniques modulaires intégrées". École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ESAE0014.
Vi, Tuan Hiep. "Qualité de service : rôle de la perception du temps d'attente et influence des représentations temporelles du client : cas du consommateur vietnamien". Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE21017.
Waiting time is a central research theme in the field of quality of service and the perception of time. Marketing research results agree that customer perception of waiting time is different from the real waiting time, and in most cases, customers overestimate their waiting time. We performed a literature survey on temporal representations of the individual and as a result identified the importance of certain elements related to the perception of waiting time. The economic vision of time and the temporal orientation of the individual play an important role in studies of customer behaviour in general. They colour the customers' perception and emotions related to his experience of waiting for a service. The results of an analysis of 595 customers at a Hanoi hypermarket checkout identified a typology of temporal characteristics of Vietnamese consumers, and validated all hypotheses of the theoretical model. It appears that temporal representations of the individual and the real waiting time have a significant impact on the customers' perception of waiting and that this perception significantly influences his assessment of the quality of service
Berrada, Ismaïl. "Modélisation, analyse et test des systèmes communicants à contraintes temporelles : vers une approche ouverte du test". Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13103.
Ruel, Silvain. "Évaluation des bornes des performances temporelles des Architectures d'Automatisation en Réseau par preuves itératives de propriétés logiques". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00405783.
Bouron, Pascal. "Méthodes ensemblistes pour le diagnostic, l'estimation d'état et la fusion de données temporelles". Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1395.
Set-membership methods for diagnosis, state estimation and data fusion The works presented in this thesis constitute a contribution to the use of set-membership methods the state estimation and fault detection and isolation. These methods are used in the actual context of localisation and dynamic diagnosis of a vehicle. After describing the system used in the analysis and defining dynamical model, we expose an adaptation of the classical diagnosis method based on analytical redundancy in the context of a bounded-error modelisation of the noises. This method has been validated with real data coming froID our demonstrator. The second original aspect of this work is the utilization of set-membership methods for state estimation. It has led to the elaboration of alternative methods to improve the mn times of Sallie algorithms. Finally, the development of a syntaxical analysis module allowed us to easily process the methods based on constraint propagation. We have validated these methods with actual data for the localization, and with simulated data for the estimation of the drift. Moreover, a comparison of the accuracy of the estimation with the Extended Kalman Filtering has been realized
Joubert, Christophe. "Vérification distribuée à la volée de grands espaces d'états". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011939.
Ibrahim, Zein Al Abidin. "Caractérisation des structures audiovisuelles par analyse statistique des relations temporelles". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30069.
The aim of our work is to characterize the structure of audiovisual documents. Based on the detection of events that are characteristic of the document content or structure, we propose a representation of the temporal structure of a document, which is then used for document comparison. Existing methods by which document structures are identified usually take a priori knowledge into account. They are applied on a specific document type or on a specific document content. In our work, we have adopted another point of view and designed our method to be generic and knowledge independent so that it can be applied to any document types. Our approach is based on the analysis of the temporal relationships observed between any detected events, on the occurrence number and on a parametric representation of these relations. In order to enlarge the temporal relation analysis, we propose an algebra of relation based on this parametric representation. .
Di, Pane Julien. "Variations ontogéniques et spatio-temporelles des écophases larvaires des poissons : évaluation de la condition nutritionnelle et détermination des périodes critiques". Thesis, Littoral, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019DUNK0540.
As a deterministic factor in recruitment, the study of the survival success of fish larvae has since the work of Hjort (1914) become crucizl to understanding variations in population dynamics. Nutrition and the consequences of larval starvation are now widely accepted as major sources of variability in survival , explaining that the number of offspring recruiting the adult population is not proportional to the spawning biomass. It is in this context that this thesis was written with the aim of identifying in situ the critical periods (i.e. high mortality stages) of the larval development, and defining the environmental conditions that are favourable to them using biochemical and histological condition indices. By carrying out several winter and spring surveys, mainly in the Eastern English Channel and North Sea, data on distributions, abundances and larval conditions have been acquired. A lower larval abundance has been highlighted compared to the 90s, particularly for species that have already shown a decline in their stock since the warming of the waters in the late 90s. This decrease in abundance could be linked to a decrease in areas favourable to good condition, particularly for sole. As the histological indices were defines experimentaly, these indices were calibrated using literature and statistical tools in order to obtain a method more adapted to the larvae collected in situ. This new approach was coupled with a growth index to define for three key species (sole, sprat and whiting) the zones, periods and environmental conditions favourable to good larval condition and growth during the critical first feeding period. Finally, these indices were coupled with a lipid index to define variations in the condition and energy allocation strategy of plaice larvae during ontogeny, showing a change from a growth strategy to one of creating energy reserves at the entrance to metamorphosis (transition from larval to juvenile phase). These results suggest several potential critical periods during development and, depending on the species, the environmental parameters increasing the probability of survival are variable. These condition results should be considered in ecosystem models to better understand the factors of variation in fish recruitment
Abboubi, Adil El. "Étude et évaluation de la consommation énergétique d'une balise ferroviaire fondée sur l'ULB et le retournement temporel". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0009/document.
In railway signaling, accurate and safe localization of trains is of paramount importance for the safe exploitation of railway networks. Therefore, train odometry has received considerable interest. Usually, train odometers manage different embarked sensors including wheel counters and Doppler radars that compute the position and the speed of the trains. However, as trains move, these proprioceptive sensors accumulate drifts and, as a consequence, train localization accuracy is compromised after several kilometers. In order to fix this drift problem, railway signaling uses beacons installed at ground, on the track, between the rails. Installed every several kilometers, they transmit absolute localization information to trains passing over them thus, bringing back locally the drifts to zero. These beacons constitute major components of railway signaling and also one of the very last equipment installed between the rails. Existing railway beacons are placed on the rails for two main reasons. First of all, since in these conditions the radio link between the train and the beacons remains very short, in the order of a few tens of centimeters, placing the beacons on the rails is very helpful to deliver an accurate local absolute localization to the train. Moreover using this very short radio communication range, while passing over them, trains can supply electrical energy to the beacons by magnetically coupling radiofrequency energy from the train to the beacon. This radiofrequency energy is detected and converted in DC power supply to feed the beacon electronics. This very short range leads to a satisfactory transfer of energy between train and beacon. As indicated previously, beacons can just be position indicators; however, they can also handle communication between grounds and trains using a peer to peer radio link. In this case, communication is only active when the train passes over the beacons, thus, the effective communication time is very short. As another major drawback of this particular implementation between the rails, track maintenance requires disassembling the beacons and then repositioning them safely and accurately
El, Bouchikhi Yassine. "L'impact du contrôle des propriétés temporelles des interruptions publicitaires, sur l'accès à l'expérience digitale, son évaluation, et la mémorisation des messages". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED011.
Through three studies, we demonstrate that the evaluation of an experience can be improved (or at least not degraded), through the introduction of ad breaks with various temporal properties such as location (start vs. middle) and duration (short vs long). More precisely, we distinguish between narrative (vs. non-narrative) contents that have different experiential pathways. The narrative contents are characterized by a strong immersion and weak hedonic adaptation, and generate a positive evaluation of the experience, whereas the opposite is observed for the non-narrative contents. The results show that: narrative contents are more demanding when introducing ad breaks. Also, the interruption at the beginning does not impact the evaluation of the experiment, long interruptions improve the evaluation of the experience and the ad recall scores. Finally, the effect of the interruption in the middle depends on the nature of the content of the host video
Meunier, Pascal. "Évaluation de performance d'architectures de commande de systèmes automatisés industriels". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00761994.
Babau, Jean-Philippe. "Etude du comportement temporel des applications temps réel à contraintes strictes basée sur une analyse d'ordonnançabilité". Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2305.
Panter, Pascale. "Évaluation de nouvelles techniques et de nouveaux outils d'analyse et de conception des bases de données spatio-temporelles, une application en climatologie". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq25347.pdf.
Hoang, Cong Tuan. "Prise en compte des fluctuations spatio-temporelles pluies-débits pour une meilleure gestion de la ressource en eau et une meilleure évaluation des risques". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00658537.
Bernard, Sonya. "La perception du temps chez des adolescents avec et sans autisme et TDAH : évaluation à l'aide de tâches de bissection et de reproduction temporelles". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69705.
Fritsch, Clémentine. "UTILISATION INTEGREE DE BIOINDICATEURS POUR LA SURVEILLANCE DES SOLS ET DES ECOSYSTEMES TERRESTRES". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00524516.
Ben, Soussia Amal. "Analyse prédictive des données d’apprentissage, en situation d’enseignement à distance". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0216.
Over the past few decades, the adoption of e-learning has evolved rapidly and its use has been pushedeven further with the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this learning mode is to guarantee thecontinuity of the learning process. However, the online learning is facing several challenges, and themost widespread is the high failure rates among learners. This issue is due to many reasons such asthe heterogeneity of the learners and the diversity of their learning behaviors, their total autonomy, thelack and/or the inefficiency of the pedagogical provided follow-up. . .. Therefore, teachers need a systembased on analytical and intelligent methods allowing them an accurate and early prediction of at-risk offailure learners. This solution is commonly adopted in the state of the art. However, the work carried outdoes not respond to some particularities of the learning process (the continuity and evolution of learning,the diversity of learners and their total autonomy) and to some teachers expectations such as the alertgeneration.This thesis belongs to the field of learning analytics and uses the numeric traces of online learnersto design a predictive system (Early Warning Systems (EWS)) dedicated to teachers in online establish-ments. The objective of this EWS is to identify learners at risk as soon as possible in order to alertteachers about them. In order to achieve this objective, we have dealt with several sub-problems whichhave allowed us to elaborate four scientific contributions.We start by proposing an in-depth methodology based on the Machine Learning (ML) steps and thatallows the identification of four learning indicators among : performance, engagement, reactivity andregularity. This methodology also highlights the importance of temporal data for improving predictionperformance. In addition, this methodology allowed to define the model with the best ability to identifyat-risk learners.The 2nd contribution consists in proposing a temporal evaluation of the EWS using temporal metricswhich measure the precocity of the predictions and the stability of the system. From these two metrics,we study the trade-offs that exist between ML precision metrics and temporal metrics.Online learners are characterized by the diversity of their learning behaviors. Thus, an EWS shouldrespond to this diversity by ensuring an equitable functioning with the different learners profiles. Wepropose an evaluation methodology based on the identification of learner profiles and that uses a widespectrum of temporal and precision metrics.By using an EWS, teachers expect an alert generation. For this reason, we design an algorithm which,based on the results of the prediction, the temporal metrics and the notion of alert rules, proposes anautomatic method for alert generation. This algorithm targets mainly at-risk learners.The context of this thesis is the French National Center for Distance Education (CNED). In parti-cular, we use the numeric traces of k-12 learners enrolled during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 schoolyears
Vo, Thi Ngoc Thuy. "Rôles de différents moments de l'expérience de service dans la satisfaction globale". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1031.
This doctoral work attempts to understand the dynamic role of different moments within a service experience having different intensities, valences and existing across different service periods (start, middle, and end) on global satisfaction levels within a longitudinal perspective. The literature review which focuses on four streams: service experience, client satisfaction, retrospective evaluation of a temporal sequence, and memorization, was conducted alongside a qualitative study. It was followed by our empirical study which has two phases. The first phase is the preliminary studies in the laboratory wherein 3 pre-tests were conducted in order to identify 12 different moments of a service experience suitable for enactment in the final study as a real life festival. Moreover, the structure of the festival was also selected from the results of these pre-tests. In the second phase, a real life festival (3 different experiments, in Vietnam) was organized and the three dimensions (intensity, valence and temporal position) of the moments were manipulated. Additionally, a longitudinal measurement of global satisfaction (immediately after the festival, 3 weeks after the festival, 6 months after the festival) was taken. The data was subsequently treated with repeated measures ANOVA, structural equation modeling and dominance analysis. Results show differential effect of the moments on global satisfaction over time depending on the different levels of intensity, valence and temporal position
Mahamat, Aba. "Utilisation des modèles des séries temporelles dans la surveillance des infections hospitalières et dans l'évaluation des interventions en hygiène". Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T018.
Plourde, Marilyn. "Étude du lien entre les processus temporels et les habiletés de lecture chez les enfants d'âge scolaire". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29488/29488.pdf.
Charfi, Imen. "Détection automatique de chutes de personnes basée sur des descripteurs spatio-temporels : définition de la méthode, évaluation des performances et implantation temps-réel". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959850.
Lambert, Jonas. "Évaluation des baisses de vitalité des peuplements forestiers à partir de séries temporelles d’images satellitaires : application aux résineux du sud du Massif central et à la sapinière pyrénéenne". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0141/document.
An increasing trend of forest decline is observed and is likely to increase in the current context of climate change. Remote sensing can provide innovative methods for the forest ecosystems status assessment. This thesis aims at proposing, validating and interpreting activity measurements of some Southern Massif Central and Pyrenees mountains coniferous stands. The first objective is, using of time series of medium spatial resolution (MODIS-NDVI) images, to identify methods to measure decreases of activity, and to verify if they correspond to vitality decreases in stands in which has been observed forest decline. Change detection of activity, which can be considered as disturbances, is based on two approaches: the first allows to measure differences or trends of phenology surface parameters, and the second uses a method based on the time series decomposition. Changes that occur during the 2000-2011 times-period were measured. The detection of high magnitude negative breakpoints in NDVI time series from 2003 to 2011 confirms the influence of the 2003 summer drought, which both led to decreases in activity related to trees heath status and also to clear-cuts during the following years. Before the validation process, a clear-cut detection method was proposed in order to eliminate these situations in the study areas. A validation procedure was implemented on Pyrenean fir stands. For this step, two approaches were implemented: (1) the use of spatially extensive state stands proxies, through cuts inventory inventories during the 2000-2012 times-period and a 2001 forest decline map, and (2) the use of data from direct tree heath’s observations in the fir stands of Pays de Sault region (Eastern Pyrenees) using a diagnostic method based on the observation of tree architecture (ARCHI method). For this second approach, an appropriate sampling was assessed to deal with the MODIS pixels scale (Lambert et al. 2013). Relationships have been identified, allowing to validate the used methods, but also to highlight theirs interpretation’s limits. Finally, to provide an interpretation of the observed phenomena, the remote sensing activity variations were compared to climatic and soil spatial data which are adapted to the study of forest environments. The results show that vitality declines in Pays de Sault fir stands are significantly correlated with climatic factors, temperature and to a lesser degree to precipitations. In the Central Pyrenees, where the causal factors appear to be numerous, the influence of water and soil drought conditions has not been demonstrated
Alkhaddour, Ghada. "Caractérisation diagraphique des réservoirs pétroliers potentiels du Jurassique moyen de l'Est du Bassin de Paris". Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10002.
Bellón, de la Cruz Beatriz. "Une approche multiscalaire par télédétection pour la cartographie et la caractérisation des systèmes agricoles à l’échelle régionale". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AGPT0002.
: In a context of regional land-use planning, agricultural systems’ mapping - crop types and cropping practices – allows monitoring of what is being produced, where and how, and therefore represents a key element for regional assessment of the agricultural production and its environmental impact. The production of information on agricultural systems generally requires a lot of data and expertise. This information is thus very heterogeneous in quantity and quality in space and time, the availability and updates being extremely variable between countries and regions. Remote sensing, through its ability to retrieve synoptic spatial information on the state and dynamics of vegetation from satellite images, represents a valuable tool for agricultural monitoring. However, the conversion of images into regional-scale map products remains a field of research for many applications. This thesis presents original methodological developments in a semi-automatic multiscale approach based on the processing and analysis of optical satellite imagery for the mapping and characterization of agricultural systems at regional scale. The approach is composed of two main methods: (i) regional stratification into landscape units and classification of these units to produce a map of agricultural land-use systems; (ii) field-level segmentation and unsupervised classification of the segments by a “landscape-clustering” method to produce a cropping systems’ map. The methods were developed on a region of intensive agriculture, the Brazilian state of Tocantins, where the cultivated area, as well as the main agricultural land-use systems and cropping systems were successfully mapped from an annual NDVI-MODIS time series and a mosaic of Landsat images. The reproducibility of the approach was then assessed in Burkina Faso, where landscapes are shaped by the smallholder agriculture. Only the cultivated area could be mapped with satisfactory results, highlighting the limitations of these methods and the current offer in satellite imagery given the challenging specificities of this type of agriculture for remote sensing. The resulting maps were assessed with ground-truth data and agricultural statistics, and compared to other existing maps. The results of this thesis show the potential of the new method of regional stratification into landscape units which, based on NDVI time series and combined to the unsupervised “landscape-clustering” classification method, contributes to significantly improve discrimination of crop types and agricultural practices, and allows representing the agricultural systems at different levels of spatial organization. The originality of the developed methods lies mainly in the simplicity of their implementation. They are almost exclusively based on satellite data and require little “expert” intervention and external data, which gives them a high reproducibility potential. Thereupon, this thesis contributes, with these novel methods, to the development of generic tools to support large-scale monitoring of agriculture and to provide decision-support products for reasoned land-use planning
Morel, Marion. "Modélisation de séries temporelles multidimensionnelles. Application à l'évaluation générique et automatique du geste sportif". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066235/document.
Either to reduce falling risks in elderly people, to translate the sign language or to control a virtual human being, gesture analysis is thriving research field that aims at recognizing, classifying, segmenting, indexing and evaluating different types of motions. As few studies tackle the evaluation process, this PhD focuses on the design of an autonomous system for the generic evaluation of sport-related gestures. The tool is trained on the basis of experts’ motions recorded with a motion capture system. Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) is deployed to obtain a reference gesture thanks to data alignment and averaging. Nevertheless, this standard method suffers from pathological paths issues that reduce its effectiveness. For this reason, local constraints are added to the new DTW-based algorithm, called CDBA (Constrained DTW Barycenter Averaging). At each time step and for each limb, the quality of a gesture is spatially and temporally assessed. Each new motion is compared to the reference gesture and weighted in terms of data dispersion around the reference.The process is validated on annotated karate and tennis databases. A first online training prototype is given in order to prompt further research on this subject
Zgheib, Taline. "Trajectoires du risque avalancheux résultant de changements sociaux-environnementaux dans les hautes vallées des Alpes françaises". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALU010.
Snow avalanches are prevalent processes in mountain areas, threatening people, destroying buildings and blocking roads. Historically, approaches to reduce avalanche risk were based on the sole hazard component of risk. Recently, more comprehensive risk analyses emerged that couple hazard, exposure and vulnerability. However, existing implementations remain more often than not static, neglecting long term changes in the risk resulting from the simultaneous evolution of its three components. They also ignore the small-scale spatio-temporal patterns in the social (e.g. population dynamics, economy) and natural systems (e.g. evolution ofecosystems, climate change) as well as in their interactions (e.g. forest logging). Consequently, local variability in avalanche risk trajectories cannot be accounted for. Eventually, risk estimates generated within a quantitative risk framework generally neglect land cover changes, notably forest cover evolution, that can potentially alter avalanche activity and, hence, avalanche risk.On this basis, the aims of this PhD are to (i) develop an integrative qualitative approach combining knowledge from natural and social sciences to assess long term changes in avalanche risk and in all its components, hazard, vulnerability and exposure, as function of changes in their socio-economic and environmental drivers, (ii) investigate to which extent local socioeconomic, land cover and climatic peculiarities may lead to spatial and temporal disparities in risk trajectories and (iii) propose quantitative avalanche risk estimates that take into account changes in forest cover within avalanche paths. Herein, the focus is on the high mountains of the French Alps for the 1860-2017 period, a highly active avalanche area that witnessed important socio-economic and environmental changes over the years. All in all, this PhD illustrates how strongly snow avalanche risk evolves in space and time, as function of changes in its components and drivers. Ultimately, the work proposed may be of great interest for stakeholders looking to elaborate effective risk protection strategies that consider the complex dynamics of the human and natural systems
Galzin, René. "Ecologie des Poissons récifaux de Polynésie française : variations spatio-temporelles des peuplements : dynamique des populations de trois espèces dominantes des lagons nord de Moorea : évaluation de la production ichtyologique d'un secteur récifo-lagonaire". Montpellier 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON20029.
Herrault, Pierre-Alexis. "Extraction de fragments forestiers et caractérisation de leurs évolutions spatio-temporelles pour évaluer l'effet de l'histoire sur la biodiversité : une approche multi-sources". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20018/document.
Biodiversity in landscapes depends on landscape spatial patterns but can also be influenced by landscape history. Indeed, some species are likely to respond in the longer term to habitat disturbances. Therefore, in recent years, landscape dynamics have become a possible factor to explain current biodiversity. The aim of this thesis in GIS is part of this historical ecology context. We are dealing with automatic extraction of forest patches and characterization of their spatiotemporal evolution. The objective is to evaluate forest dynamics effects on current diversity of forest hoverflies. (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the agri-forestry landscape of Coteaux de Gascogne. The proposed general approach consists of three main steps: (1) the forest spatial database production from heterogeneous sources, (2) forest patches matching and characterization of their spatiotemporal evolution, (3) species-habitat modeling while integrating history as one of the factors likely to explain hoverflies diversity. Several methodological contributions were made. We proposed a new geometric correction approach based on kernel ridge regression to make consistent past and present selected data sources. We also developed an automatic extraction approach of forest from Historical Map of France of the 19th century. Finally, spatial uncertainty effects on ecological models responses have been assessed. From an ecological viewpoint, a significant effect from historical continuity of patches on forest hoverflies diversity was revealed. The most isolated fragments presented an extinction debt or a colonization credit according to area dynamics occurred in the last time-period (1970-2010). As it turns out, 30 years was not sufficient for forest hoverflies to reach new equilibrium after isolated habitat changes