Tesi sul tema "Évaluation des logiciels – Consommation d'énergie"
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Guégain, Edouard. "Optimisation de logiciels par leur configuration". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILB020.
The field of software engineering evolves rapidly, exposing practitioners to an ever-increasing collection of tools, languages, frameworks, and paradigms.Each of these components can have its own, internal configuration.Thus, designing a new software system consist in selecting components from this collection, which is akin to creating a configuration.The criterion to configure such systems is too often the ease of development, which leads to oversized, power-hungry bloatware.This paradigm is not aligned with frugal or environmental concerns.Thus, this dissertation looks into the ability to leverage the configuration of a system to optimize its performance.A specific focus is made on energy consumption and the size of software systems.A prerequisite to optimizing a system is to understand its current performance.To gain insight into this subject, the configuration software JHipster was empirically analyzed.Exhaustively assessing the performances of configurations of JHipster, wrt several indicators, showed that different configurations have indeed different performances.Thus, relying on performance insight, it is possible to create high-performance configurations of JHipster.Furthermore, some performance indicators proved correlated across configurations.Therefore, the optimization goal can be simplified by ignoring redundant performance indicators.The process of creating optimized configurations of JHipster was performed manually, which is only possible in smaller configuration spaces.To tackle larger configuration spaces, an algorithm was created, defining how to assess the performance of each option, and then how to improve a given configuration using such performance data.However, optimizing a configuration by selecting high-performance options brought out limitations, as options can interact with each other:in some situations, pairing high-performance options may result in subpar performances.Similarly, low-performance options can prove unexpectedly efficient when paired together.Thus, the optimization algorithm has been designed to leverage such specific behaviors.Applying this algorithm to a large set of configurations showed that most of them can reach near-optimal performances, with only a limited set of modifications.However, performance constraints are not limited to a single performance indicator.Depending on the context, the energy consumption of a system may not be the single most impactful indicator to optimize.Thus, the optimization algorithm must be generalized to support several performance indicators.This generalized algorithm has been validated on a pair of performance indicators: the execution time and the size of the software.The main highlight of this validation is that half of all configurations can reach a local optimum by changing a single setting.Furthermore, by exhaustively applying the algorithm to the configuration space of a system, it was possible to follow how it navigates the configuration space to find optimal configurations.Analyzing this navigation highlighted current limitations in the algorithm, which can thus be further improved as future work.In its current state, the algorithm was published as an open-source tool under the name ICO
Wang, Yewan. "Évaluation et modélisation de l’impact énergétique des centres de donnée en fonction de l’architecture matérielle/ logicielle et de l’environnement associé". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0175.
For years, the energy consumption of the data center has dramatically increased followed by the explosion of demand in cloud computing. This thesis addresses the scientific challenge of energy modeling of a data center, based on the most important variables. With such modeling, an data center operator will be able to better reallocate / design the current / future data centers. In order to identify the energy impacts of hardware and software used in computer systems. In the first part of the thesis, to identify and characterize the uncertainties of energy consumption introduced by external elements: thermal effects, difference between identical processors caused by imperfect manufacturing process, precision problems resulting from power measurement tool, etc. We have completed this scientific study by developing a global power modeling for a given physical cluster, this cluster is composed by 48 identical servers and equipped with a direct expansion cooling system, conventionally used today for modern data centers. The modeling makes it possible to estimate the overall energy consumption of the cluster based on operational configurations and data relating to IT activity, such as ambient temperature, cooling system configurations and server load
Lambert, Charlène. "Simulation et optimisation énergétique de procédés agroalimentaires dans un logiciel de génie chimique. Modélisation du séchage convectif d'aliments solides et application à une sucrerie de betteraves". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLA004.
To face recent European regulations, the food industry has a critical need for IT tools to simulate their entire factory to reconcile industrial data and optimize energy consumption. Such software exist in the field of chemical engineering. They are limited to mixtures of gases and liquids whose thermo-physical properties can be correctly predicted by thermodynamic models. To date, no commercial software is able to simulate most food unit operations and calculate the required thermophysical properties of foods, especially solid foods. A first part of this Ph.D. is dedicated to the development of a model of hot air drying of solid food. This model is being added to the ProSimPlus® unit operation module database. It has been validated in the laboratory scale for the drying of 4 products of different compositions and geometries. Its simulation time is significantly higher than the one of the other modules of ProSimPlus®. To overcome this issue, an innovative method of drying model reduction has been developed. To facilitate the characterization work of a new product, a new and rapid method for identifying the apparent diffusivity of water by a reverse approach was also developed. A second part of this PhD focuses on the simulation and energy optimization of a sugar beet factory, in collaboration with V.E.R.I. All the unit operations of the factory were modeled with ProSimPlus® using only modules of -food non-specific- unit operations. Data reconciliation has been performed and deviation between simulated and industrial data were below 1 %. Energy optimization of the sugar factory was performed by combining thermal and exergy analyses. In this study, technical solutions were proposed to significantly reduce the total irreversibility, the cold utility requirement and the mass flow-rate of high pressure steam supplying the factory
Pokam, Gilles. "Techniques de compilation pour la gestion et l'optimisation de la consommation d'énergie des architectures VLIW". Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10045.
Ordas, Sébastien. "Évaluation de méthodes faible consommation contre les attaques matérielles". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS023/document.
The consumption of integrated circuits has been increasing over the last decade. With the increase of energy prices and the democratization of embedded systems, methods to manage the consumption performance compromise, such as the dynamic management of the frequency and the supply voltage or the substrate potential, were developed. These methods, which are becoming more commonly implemented in integrated systems, allow to reduce the consumption of those latter, and to better manage the tradeoff between consumption and performance.Some of these circuits, embedding these methods, may have to perform some operations with confidential information. It is therefore necessary to consider the possible impact of these methods on the safety of the integrated systems. In this context, the work reported in this thesis aimed to analyze the compatibility of these methods of power management with the design of robust circuits to physical attacks.Specifically, the objective was to determine whether these low-power techniques constitute real obstacles or facilitate the attacks by observation or perturbation exploiting the electromagnetic channel. Initially, a study on the effectiveness of attacks by observation in the presence of random management of voltage, frequency and substrate polarization was done. Secondly, the impact of the dynamic management of supply voltages and substrate polarization on the ability to inject faults by electromagnetic medium was studied. This document presents the overall results of these analyzes. Keyword : Hardware Attacks, Side Channel Attacks, Faults Attacks, Electromagnetic canal, DVFS, Body-biasing
Hamzaoui, Khalil Ibrahim. "Contribution à la modélisation de la consommation d'énergie dans un dispositif mobile". Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I030/document.
The main goal of this thesis is to model the power consumption of a particular application running on a mobile device. We propose a model of energy behavior monitoring, we also describe a methodology to identify the parameters of the model. To this end, we analyzed a collection of experimental data collected during my tour de France in an electric wheelchair. We applied statistical tools to obtain the parameters of the model. Finally, we validate the model by comparing the results with other experimental data.The first case study compares the evolution of the energy cost in the mobile environments of the different components of smartphones based on several energy models.- The second case study deals with the evaluation, the measurements of the energy cost consumed and the problems encountered in the methods used for the evaluation of energy consumption. For a better evaluation, the case study of energy behavior was introduced using the virtual machines.- The third case study is based on the treatment of the results of the measurements obtained during my tour of France in a connected electric wheelchair. The goal is to anticipate resource management, realizing measurements, and then tracking energy behavior in a real and diverse environment. The model can be used to define an optimal frequency in terms of energy consumption for specific situations without degrading the quality of service desired by the user
Cherifi, Nadir. "Assistance au développement de logiciels embarqués contraints en énergie". Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I036/document.
The designation under the term Internet of Things brings together a vast array of different connected systems.A significant number of these objects do not have a continuous power supply and are therefore supplied with batteries. In addition, we can list multiple use cases where the recharging of the battery is difficult or impossible (e.g. a buried object for structures monitoring). As a result, the energetic aspect represents a primary constraint to be taken into account by the developers when designing the embedded application on the object. The work issue consists in placing energy as a hard resource during the development phase by providing assistance and help to the developers in the management of this complex resource. We propose as a solution a methodology and tools to support the activities of the embedded developer in a constrained energy environment. We assert that the ability to accurately measure and track the energy consumption of a connected object and then correlate it to the underlying software can improve overall energy efficiency by implementing best practices related to use of the different hardware components. To achieve this goal, we base our work on a hardware energy measurement method able of providing accurate consumption figures. We than build an energy profiling and cartography framework of embedded software to help the developer understand the energy behavior of his application
Ben, Atitallah Rabie. "Modèles et simulation des systèmes sur puce multiprocesseurs : estimation des performances et de la consommation d'énergie". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10019.
Multiprocessor system on chip (MPSoC) simulation in the first design steps has an important impact in reducing the time to market of the final product. However, MPSoC have become more and more complex and heterogeneous. Consequently, traditional approaches for system simulation at lower levels cannot adequately Support the complexity needed for the design of future MPSoc. Ln this thesis, we propose a framework composed of several simulation levels. This enables early performance evaluation in the design flow. The proposed framework is useful for design space exploration and permits to find rapidly the most adequate Architecture/Application configuration. Ln the first part ofthis thesis, we present an efficient simulation tool composed of three levels that offer several performance/energy tradeoffs. The three levels are differentiated by the accuracy of architectural descriptions based on the SystemC- TLM standard. Ln the second part, we are interested by the MPSoC energy consumption. For this, we enhanced Our simulation framework with flexible and accurate energy consumption models. FinaIly in the third part, a compilation chain based on a Model Driven Engineering (MDE) approach is developed and integrated in the Gaspard environment. This chain allows automatic SystemC code generation from high level MPSoC modeling
Djeema, Ahcene. "Modélisation Bottom-Up, un outil d’aide à la décision long terme pour les mesures politiques en matière d’énergie et d’environnement : le modèle TIMES appliqué aux industries grandes consommatrices d’énergie". Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://pastel.paristech.org/5303/01/Thèse_ADjemaa.pdf.
Among the energy users in France and Europe, some industrial sectors are very important and should have a key role when assessing the final energy demand patterns in the future. The aim of our work is to apply a prospective model for the long range analysis of energy/technology choices in the industrial sector, focussing on the energy-intensive sectors. The modelling tool applied in this study is the TIMES model (family of best known MARKAL model). It is an economic linear programming model generator for local, national or multi regional energy systems, which provides a technology-rich basis for estimating energy dynamics over a long term, multi period time. We illustrate our work with nine energy-intensive industrial sectors: paper, steel, glass, cement, lime, tiles, brick, ceramics and plaster. It includes a detailed description of the processes involved in the production of industrial products, providing typical energy uses in each process step. In our analysis, we identified for each industry, several commercially available state-of-the-art technologies, characterized and chosen by the Model on the basis of cost effectiveness. Furthermore, we calculated potential energy savings, carbon dioxide emissions' reduction and we estimated the energy impact of a technological rupture. This work indicates that there still exists a significant potential for energy savings and carbon dioxide emissions' reduction in all industries
Trigui, Rochdi. "Motorisation asynchrone pour véhicules électriques : modélisation, optimisation et évaluation". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL064N.
Ben, Atitallah Rabie. "Modèles et simulation des systèmes sur puce multiprocesseurs : estimation des performances et de la consommation d'énergie". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10019/document.
Multiprocessor system on chip (MPSoC) simulation in the first design steps has an important impact in reducing the time to market of the final product. However, MPSoC have become more and more complex and heterogeneous. Consequently, traditional approaches for system simulation at lower levels cannot adequately Support the complexity needed for the design of future MPSoc. ln this thesis, we propose a framework composed of several simulation levels. This enables early performance evaluation in the design flow. The proposed framework is useful for design space exploration and permits to find rapidly the most adequate Architecture/Application configuration. ln the first part ofthis thesis, we present an efficient simulation tool composed of three levels that offer several performance/energy tradeoffs. The three levels are differentiated by the accuracy of architectural descriptions based on the SystemC- TLM standard. ln the second part, we are interested by the MPSoC energy consumption. For this, we enhanced Our simulation framework with flexible and accurate energy consumption models. FinaIly in the third part, a compilation chain based on a Model Driven Engineering (MDE) approach is developed and integrated in the Gaspard environment. This chain allows automatic SystemC code generation from high level MPSoC modeling
Colmant, Maxime. "Multi-dimensional analysis of software power consumptions in multi-core architectures". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10094/document.
Energy-efficient computing is becoming increasingly important. Among the reasons, one can mention the massive consumption of large data centers that consume as much as 180,000 homes. This trend, combined with environmental concerns, makes energy efficiency a prime technological and societal challenge. Currently, widely used power distribution units (PDUs) are often shared amongst nodes to deliver aggregated power consumption reports, in the range of hours and minutes. However, in order to improve the energy efficiency of software systems, we need to support process-level power estimation in real-time, which goes beyond the capacity of a PDUs. In particular, the CPU is considered by the research community as the major power consumer within a node and draws attention while trying to model the system power consumption. Over the last few years, a dozen of ad hoc power models have been proposed to cope with the wide diversity and the growing complexity of modern CPU architectures. In this thesis, we rather propose PowerAPI for learning power models and building software-defined power meters that provide accurate power estimation on modern architectures. With the emergence of cloud computing, we propose BitWatts and WattsKit for leveraging software power estimation in VMs and clusters. A finer level of estimation may be required to further evaluate the effectiveness of the software optimizations and we therefore propose codEnergy for helping developers to understand how the energy is really consumed by a software. We deeply assessed all above approaches, thus demonstrating the usefulness of PowerAPI to better understand the software power consumption on modern architectures
Noureddine, Adel. "Towards a better understanding of the energy consumption of software systems". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10009/document.
With the rise of the usage of computers and mobile devices, and the higher price of electricity, energy management of software has become a necessity for sustainable software, devices and IT services. Energy consumption in IT is rising through the rise of web and distributed services, cloud computing, or mobile devices. However, these approaches do not use proper energy information for their adaptations rendering themselves limited and not energy-aware. They do not provide an energy feedback of software, and limited information is available on how and where energy is spend in software code. To address these shortcomings, we present, in this thesis, energy models, approaches and tools in order to accurately estimate the energy consumption of software at the application level, at the code level, and for inferring energy evolution models based on the method's own input parameters. We also propose Jalen and Jalen Unit, energy frameworks for estimating how much energy each portion of code consumes, and for inferring energy evolution models based on empirical benchmarking of software methods. By using software estimations and energy models, we are able to provide accurate energy information without the need of power meters or hardware energy investment. The energy information we provide also gives energy management approaches direct and accurate energy measurements for their adaptations and optimizations. Provided energy information also draws a model of energy consumption evolution of software based on the values of their input parameters. This gives developers knowledge on energy efficiency in software leading to choose some code over others based on their energy performance
Nowicki, Cassandre. "Inventaire thermo-énergétique d'une aluminerie et évaluation du potentiel de récupération et d'intégration des rejets thermiques". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29385/29385.pdf.
Rivalin, Lisa. "Vers une démarche de garantie des consommations énergétiques dans les bâtiments neufs : Méthodes d'évaluation des incertitudes associées à la simulation thermique dynamique dans le processus de conception et de réalisation". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM007/document.
Before the construction of a building, an energy performance guarantee consists in predicting the energy required for user comfort. To do that, it is necessary to state a contractual consumption and identify the key parameters to pay special attention to. Thus, for new buildings, consumption is calculated under design phase, when several data are uncertain. Thus, the dynamic thermal simulation is carried out with hypothetical data, without having the possibility to calibrate with measures.This PhD thesis aims to develop a method of uncertainty quantification during the design step and construction process of a new building. These uncertainties are classified into three categories: those associated with the calculation methods used for building and system modeling, those related to the lack of knowledge of model parameters and those due to the real use conditions of the building (occupancy and weather).To achieve this goal, uncertainties associated with the calculation methods are addressed, to identify some practices limiting the number of errors and the associated uncertainties. Then, a methodology is defined to choose the critical parameters used for the probabilistic study and to associate them with a distribution according to the available knowledge. The central part of this PhD thesis is dedicated to an exhaustive comparison of methods to select a fast uncertainty propagation and sensitivity analysis method. Finally, after illustrating the overall contracting approach and discussing the inclusion of financial risks, the method is applied on a real case, on which an adjustment formula is added to take into account actual weather and usage
Rifaii, Sarraj Ahmad. "Conception et évaluation d'un prototype de fauteuil roulant avec une technique non-conventionnelle de propulsion manuelle". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10349.
Wheelchair propulsion has been reported to be responsible for musculoskeletal pain in the upper extremities. Epidemiological studies have shown a high prevalence of shoulder complaints in paraplegic and quadriplegic spinal cord injured (SCI) people. It has been argued that the high incidence of shoulder complaints in SCI was the result of the weightbearing or propulsion function of the upper extremity in those subjects. This work aimed at proposing an alternative wheelchair propulsion technique based on the levers’ system. The interface prototype-users, the wheelchair skills evaluation, the oxygen uptake and the cardiac frequency are investigated by an objective and subjective studies. Our prototype is designed to be an attempt in the field of disabled athletes having some advantages of a non-conventional manual wheelchair propulsion technique, avoiding complications induced by the conventional one
Alhaj, Hasan Ola. "Optimization of building energy consumption using simplified models and new control methods". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10162/document.
With the highly developing concerns about the future of energy resources, the optimization of energy consumption becomes a must in all sectors. A lot of research was dedicated to buildings regarding that they constitute the highest energy consuming sector mainly because of their heating needs. Many proposals of new strategies to minimize building consumption were done. These proposals vary between recommending better insulation, advising change in occupants' behavior and changing the heating control management. This thesis proposes a new control method that helps minimizing the heating consumption and expenses. This method generates an energy plan over a defined prediction horizon respecting the occupants’ thermal comfort. It is based on the application of Monte Carlo method, i.e., a random generator for the heating system scenarios. The aim is to determine the optimal heating plan for the prediction horizon that fulfills the constraints regarding the following three factors: • The thermal comfort of occupants; • The minimization of the energy consumption/expenses; • Load shifting. However, to test this method, an identification of the building thermal behavior was needed. Thus, a building thermal model to simulate the building behavior was developed. This model was meant to be simplified in order to better integrate it in the control process. Furthermore, a new parameter estimation approach as well as a real time temperature control method are presented to ensure the implementation of the optimal predicted plan
Labbé, Stéphane. "Développement d'un outil de coupe économique et écologique pour le broyage des végétaux : analyse du mode de coupe, prototypage et innovation des moyens de coupe et de broyage". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0296/document.
Consumption of fuelwood, mainly in the form of wood chips, is growing to achieve the goal fixed by the “Grenelle de l’Environment” Laws. Increasing wood chip production needs more and more raw materials and use of wood chippers or shredders is well established. These machines are very energy-consuming particularly in gasoline. First, this thesis presents original methods for measuring chipper performance and focuses on influence of cutting parameters on energy efficiency. Wood chipper energy performance is defined by the ratio between tonnes of dry wood chips and power consumed by the machine to produce them. Using energy efficiency determination method, all wood chippers will be compared and will help customer to choose the machine that consumes the least energy to produce wood chips. Wood chipper performance is measured at two different locations: one closer to the cutting area and the other at the wood chipper drive. The results show that wood chipper performance factor is properly defined and cutting parameters impacts wood chip performance. Cutting optimization halves the chipper fuel consumption to produce the same wood chips quantity. The results also show the limits of safeguard that reduce by 40% chipper performance. This thesis must help designers for developing more efficient machines to reduce their impact on the environment
Bramas, Quentin. "Réseaux de capteurs sans fil efficaces en énergie". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066309/document.
A wireless sensor network is an ad-hoc network connecting small devices equipped with sensors. Such networks are self-organized and independent of any infrastructure. The deployment of a WSN is possible in areas inaccessible to humans, or for applications with a long lifetime requirement. Indeed, devices in a wireless sensor network are usually battery-powered, tolerate failure, and may use their own communication protocols, allowing them to optimize the energy consumption. The main application of WSNs it to sense the environment at different locations and aggregate all the data to a specific node that logs it and can send alerts if necessary. This task of data aggregation is performed regularly, making it the most energy consuming. As reducing the energy consumed by sensor is the leading challenge to ensure sustainable applications, we tackle in this thesis the problem of aggregating efficiently the data of the network. Then, we study lifetime evaluation techniques and apply it to benchmark existing energy-centric protocols
Hecht, Geoffrey. "Détection et analyse de l'impact des défauts de code dans les applications mobiles". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10133/document.
Mobile applications are becoming complex software systems that must be developed quickly and evolve continuously to fit new user requirements and execution contexts. However, addressing these constraints may result in poor low-level design choices, known as code smells. The presence of code smells within software systems may incidentally degrade their quality and performance, and hinder their maintenance and evolution. Thus, it is important to know this smells but also to detect and correct them. While code smells are well-known in object-oriented applications, their study in mobile applications is still in their infancy. Moreover there is a lack of tools to detect and correct them. That is why we present a classification of 17 code smells that may appear in Android applications, as well as a tool to detect and correct code smells on Android. We apply and validate our approach on large amounts of applications (over 3000) in two studies evaluating the presence and evolution of the number of code smells in popular applications. In addition, we also present two approaches to assess the impact of the correction of code smells on performance and energy consumption. These approaches have allowed us to observe that the correction of code smells is beneficial in most cases
Zahaf, Houssam-Eddine. "Energy efficient scheduling of parallel real-time tasks on heterogeneous multicore systems". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10100/document.
Cyber physical systems (CPS) and Internet of Objects (IoT) are generating an unprecedented volume and variety of data that needs to be collected and stored on the cloud before being processed. By the time the data makes its way to the cloud for analysis, the opportunity to trigger a reply might be late. One approach to solve this problem is to analyze the most time-sensitive data at the network edge, close to where it is generated. Thus, only the pre-processed results are sent to the cloud. This computation model is know as *Fog Computing* or *Edge computing*. Critical CPS applications using the fog computing model may have real-time constraints because results must be delivered in a pre-determined time window. Furthermore, in many relevant applications of CPS, the processing can be parallelized by applying the same processing on different sub-sets of data at the same time by the mean parallel programming techniques. This allow to achieve a shorter response time, and then, a larger slack time, which can be used to reduce energy consumption. In this thesis we focus on the problem of scheduling a set of parallel tasks on multicore processors, with the goal of reducing the energy consumption while all deadlines are met. We propose several realistic task models on architectures with identical and heterogeneous cores, and we develop algorithms for allocating threads to processors, select the core frequencies, and perform schedulability analysis. The proposed task models can be realized by using OpenMP-like APIs
Tittelein, Pierre. "Environnements de simulation adaptés à l'étude du comportement énergétique des bâtiments basse consommation". Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00350664.
Les environnements de simulation énergétique existants ont été conçus pour des bâtiments classiques pour lesquels les consommations sont beaucoup plus importantes que celles fixées pour 2012, il faut donc voir si les modèles mais aussi les méthodes de simulations utilisés correspondent toujours aux spécificités de ces nouveaux bâtiments. L'objectif de ce travail est de montrer l'intérêt d'utiliser un environnement de simulation basé sur les systèmes d'équations pour étudier le comportement énergétique des bâtiments basse consommation.
Pour cela, plusieurs modèles ont été implémentés dans l'environnement SIMSPARK. Il s'agit d'un modèle de matériau à changement de phase, d'un modèle de prise en compte du rayonnement de courtes longueurs d'onde par calcul de la tache solaire et d'un modèle d'échangeur air-sol. Ils ont été intégrés dans un modèle global de bâtiment basse consommation ce qui a permis de montrer les avantages de l'environnement de simulation utilisé. Le fait qu'il soit orienté objet permet de valider indépendamment les nouveaux modèles puis de les intégrer facilement à un modèle de niveau hiérarchique supérieur. Le fait qu'il soit basé sur les systèmes d'équations a permis grâce à la non orientation a priori du modèle d'inverser le sens de résolution de plusieurs problèmes dans une simulation dynamique. Enfin, la robustesse des méthodes de résolution utilisées a été éprouvée.
Giraudet, Louis-Gaëtan. "Les instruments économiques de maîtrise de l'énergie : une évaluation multidimensionnelle". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00599374.
Ranjaranimaro, Manitra Pierrot. "Évaluation de la qualité environnementale, du fonctionnement énergétique des espaces batis à Madagascar : application des outils de simulation sur un site universitaire d’Antsiranana". Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0011/document.
The building sector accounts for more than 50% of global energy consumption. This consumption has been increasing steadily over the last thirty years. The environmental impact of energy consumption in this sector is constantly changing despite the recommendations made during the COPs. These findings are valid for metropolitan France and also for Madagascar. Beyond the control of energy consumption, during the operating phase of a built space, we must also take into account the environmental impacts of the construction phase, particularly with regard to climate change indicators, resource management and pollution. This thesis is based on three concepts. First, it is about the analysis of material flows around their technical characteristics and their environmental and economic impacts during the construction of the built space. In a second step, our analysis focuses on the analysis of energy flows in order to know the energy and environmental signature of the functioning of the built space and the implementation of a time file reflecting the characteristics of energy consumption (Daily and annual consumption profile). Finally, we also discuss the problem of managing the distribution of electrical energy in a built-up area in order to size an renewable energy production system and a storage system and to smooth the consumption curve at the level of the distribution network
Igual, Pérez Román José. "Platform Hardware/Software for the energy optimization in a node of wireless sensor networks". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10041/document.
The significant increase of connected objects in Internet of Things will entail different problems. Among them, the energy efficiency. The present work deals with the energy efficiency and more precisely with the study of the modeling of the energy consumption in the node.We have designed a platform to instrument a node of wireless sensor network in its real environment. The hardware and software platform is made of:- a hardware energy measurement platform;- a software allowing the automatic generation of an energy consumption model;- a node lifetime estimation algorithm.The energy measurement platform recovers the current values directly from the node under evaluation, component per component in the electronic circuit and function per function of the embedded software. This hardware/software analysis of the energy consumption offers important information about the behavior of each electronic component in the node.An algorithm carries out a statistical analysis of the energy measurements. This algorithm creates automatically an energy consumption model based on a Markov chain. Thus, this platform allows to create a stochastic model of the energy behavior of a real node, in a real network and in real channel conditions. The model is made in contrast to the deterministic energy models found in the literature, whose energy behavior is extracted from the datasheets of the components. Finally, we estimate the node lifetime based on battery models. We also show on examples the simplicity to change some parameters of the model in order to improve the energy efficiency
Bramas, Quentin. "Réseaux de capteurs sans fil efficaces en énergie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066309.
A wireless sensor network is an ad-hoc network connecting small devices equipped with sensors. Such networks are self-organized and independent of any infrastructure. The deployment of a WSN is possible in areas inaccessible to humans, or for applications with a long lifetime requirement. Indeed, devices in a wireless sensor network are usually battery-powered, tolerate failure, and may use their own communication protocols, allowing them to optimize the energy consumption. The main application of WSNs it to sense the environment at different locations and aggregate all the data to a specific node that logs it and can send alerts if necessary. This task of data aggregation is performed regularly, making it the most energy consuming. As reducing the energy consumed by sensor is the leading challenge to ensure sustainable applications, we tackle in this thesis the problem of aggregating efficiently the data of the network. Then, we study lifetime evaluation techniques and apply it to benchmark existing energy-centric protocols
Gouin, Victor. "Évaluation de l’impact du Smart Grid sur les pratiques de planification en cas d’insertion de production décentralisée et de charges flexibles". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT097/document.
The Smart Grids are the combination of electrical networks and new information and communication technologies. They deal with a change of paradigms that are the insertion of distributed generation and the development of new forms of consumption, such as electric vehicles and prosumers. These changes induce many constraints on networks both aging and historically not sized for this context. This thesis studies the impact of these paradigms on the rules for electrical distribution networks planning. A first tool using an adapted simulated annealing algorithm and methods from graph theory was developed to size the networks at low cost, according to the usual rules for planning. Secondly, a methodology combining a Monte Carlo approach and the construction of annual load profiles was proposed to analyze the impact of distributed generation and electric vehicles in an environment subject to uncertainties. The third stage of the work was to implement advanced distribution automations as an alternative to reinforcement, which is very expensive. This part is focused on demand side management. Finally, a new operational planning combining the previous developed tools was created to move towards the planning of the Smart Grids
Habib, Carol. "Energy-efficient data collection and fusion in wireless body sensor networks for continuous health monitoring". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD046.
Several challenges exist in Wireless Body Sensor Networks such as the data collection and fusion especially that (1) wireless sensor nodes have limited energy, processing and memory resources, (2) the amount of periodically gathered data is huge, (3) the gathered data are characterized by a heterogeneous nature and (4) the data interpretation to ensure decision-support is influenced byseveral external factors such as the provided context information of the monitored person.In this thesis, the aforementioned challenges were tackled by proposing scientific aproaches. Firstly, an energy-efficient data collection technique is proposed. This technique targets the energy consumed by biosensor nodes for sensing and transmitting vital signs. It consists of a real-timesampling rate adaptation mechanism and a local detection system which are provided at the level of the nodes. Second, in order to perform a health assessment based on the collected data, a multisensor data fusion model is proposed. In this approach, the coordinator of the network performs anassessment of the patient's health condition based on the collected measurements of his/her vital signs. Such data is interpreted in a human-reasoning way and are characterized by ambiguity and imprecision. Thus, we propose to use a Fuzzy Inference System. Then, given that vital signs are highly correlated to the context of the monitored person, a context-aware multi-sensor data fusionmodel for health assessment is proposed. The person's context include his/her physical activity status, medical record and personal information. This information highly influences the interpretation of vital signs. Hesitant fuzzy sets are used to subjectively evaluate the intensity of the person's physical activities based on his/her personal information and the activity's characteristics. Finally, a specific healthcare monitoring application is targeted. A real-time stress detection and evaluation framework is proposed while taking into consideration the energy consumption constraint. Shimmer 3 GSR+ is used as a wireless sensor node to sense the Photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal and the skin conductance. An android mobile application is developed to extract from the PPG signal stress correlated vital signs such as the heart rate, the respiration rate and the blood pressure
Brouns, Jordan. "Développement d’outils numériques pour l'audit énergétique des bâtiments". Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1107/document.
The building sector currently accounts for nearly 45% of the national energy bill, and the existing buildings are slowly renewed. Energy audit is a tool for decision support to improve building performance by providing suitable renovation strategies. However, actual energy audit methods fail to completely determine the building thermal properties, and the proposed retrofit strategies may be inappropriate. We propose an innovative energy audit method which significantly reduces the uncertainties on the building thermal parameters and the thermal state. It differs from conventional methods by its operating protocol and its numerical resolution. In addition to the collection of use scenarios, thermal characteristics of built and systems, and weather conditions, it exploits the information embedded in the measurement of the thermal state, composed of the temperatures of the rooms, and the surface temperature of walls and heating devices. This data feed an inverse problem of parameters identification. Using a model for EDP gives us a direct access to the tools of the optimal control theory, including the adjoint state method. With this formalism, the inverse problem can be rewritten as a nonlinear optimization problem of the calibration of the thermal model. The unknown parameters consist of the most influential parameters of the building thermal model: the heat capacity and the thermal conductivity of the walls, the heaters characteristics, the windows transmittance and the mean rate of air renewal. We propose two alternatives to the method. The first requires the data of each individual power provided to heating device, and the second uses a global measure of the heat production. We apply them on a numerical case study: the thermal model is used for both the measures generation and the parameters identification. Once the thermal state measurements are synthesized, the selected parameters are disturbed by conventional uncertainties of the building. We investigate the method on a randomly generated sample, which gives us as many starting values for the algorithm. This allows to compute the uncertainty of the method. Reducing the operating protocol for the second alternative results in a decrease of the identification accuracy. We analyze the robustness of the method when the weather conditions of the audit change, when the sensor noise of the thermal state increases, and when we deal with strong initial parameter uncertainties. We show that the method is stable compared to the sensor noise and the thermal response of the rooms is generally well reconstructed. In order to improve the ventilation consideration, we then propose a technique to distinguish two thermal sources whose dynamics differ: one piecewise constant, and one smooth in time. The method is to solve an inverse problem, taking into account the temporal regularity of functions by a projection step. This tool has been validated on an experimental study, and the results demonstrate robustness to measurement noise. This result is a milestone in the will to overcome the constraint of precisely describing to use scenarios in the audit methodology. Finally, we propose an inverse formalism to characterize the thermal properties of a 3D structure from temperature measurements on a part of its boundary. The tool allows the reconstruction of various types and forms of internal defects. He could find opportunities in the thermal building diagnostics for characterizing insulation defects or thermal bridges
Martin-Bonnel, de Longchamp Lucie. "Evaluation du risque de non atteinte de la performance énergétique après rénovation : biais cognitifs, asymétries d'information et incitations optimales". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAB002/document.
This thesis aims at contributing to make the energy renovation market long-lasting and self-sustaining. To achieve this, our objective is to quantify the risk of not achieving energy performance after renovation. First, we analyze households’ psychological factors that should be considered to improve energy consumption prediction models. Drawing on the Je rénove BBC program, we highlight four cognitive biases that negatively impact the difference between actual and predicted energy consumption. We then study the most appropriate contract structures improving the flow and quality of renovation projects, encouraging craftsmen to work better. On one hand, we determine optimal contracts for an Agent who has to perform two tasks and underestimates the impact of one of them on the building's performance. On the other hand, we test individual-based and group-based incentives on the ability of several real Agents (craftsmen) to coordinate, according to their initial training (DORéMI, …)
Nehmeh, Riham. "Quality Evaluation in Fixed-point Systems with Selective Simulation". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAR0020/document.
Time-to-market and implementation cost are high-priority considerations in the automation of digital hardware design. Nowadays, digital signal processing applications use fixed-point architectures due to their advantages in terms of implementation cost. Thus, floating-point to fixed-point conversion is mandatory. The conversion process consists of two parts corresponding to the determination of the integer part word-length and the fractional part world-length. The refinement of fixed-point systems requires optimizing data word -length to prevent overflows and excessive quantization noises while minimizing implementation cost. Applications in image and signal processing domains are tolerant to errors if their probability or their amplitude is small enough. Numerous research works focus on optimizing the fractional part word-length under accuracy constraint. Reducing the number of bits for the fractional part word- length leads to a small error compared to the signal amplitude. Perturbation theory can be used to propagate these errors inside the systems except for unsmooth operations, like decision operations, for which a small error at the input can leads to a high error at the output. Likewise, optimizing the integer part word-length can significantly reduce the cost when the application is tolerant to a low probability of overflow. Overflows lead to errors with high amplitude and thus their occurrence must be limited. For the word-length optimization, the challenge is to evaluate efficiently the effect of overflow and unsmooth errors on the application quality metric. The high amplitude of the error requires using simulation based-approach to evaluate their effects on the quality. In this thesis, we aim at accelerating the process of quality metric evaluation. We propose a new framework using selective simulations to accelerate the simulation of overflow and un- smooth error effects. This approach can be applied on any C based digital signal processing applications. Compared to complete fixed -point simulation based approaches, where all the input samples are processed, the proposed approach simulates the application only when an error occurs. Indeed, overflows and unsmooth errors must be rare events to maintain the system functionality. Consequently, selective simulation allows reducing significantly the time required to evaluate the application quality metric. 1 Moreover, we focus on optimizing the integer part, which can significantly decrease the implementation cost when a slight degradation of the application quality is acceptable. Indeed, many applications are tolerant to overflows if the probability of overflow occurrence is low enough. Thus, we exploit the proposed framework in a new integer word-length optimization algorithm. The combination of the optimization algorithm and the selective simulation technique allows decreasing significantly the optimization time
Novel, Aymeric. "Développement d’une méthode de méta modélisation des consommations énergétiques des bâtiments en fonction des facteurs d’usages et d’exploitation pour la garantie de résultat énergétique". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LAROS001/document.
Since building envelope and MEP systems characteristics regularly improve, the weight of non-regulatory energy end-uses increases. These energy end-uses are typically associated with tenants or owners’ activities. In addition, high performance buildings show new issues related to HVAC systems operations. Therefore, it is important to evaluate and improve non-regulatory energy end-uses energy as well as HVAC systems operations efficiencies. We have developed polynomial energy models that can predict energy consumption as a function of building’s activities characteristics and HVAC systems operations factors. We used EnergyPlus software in order to build reliable energy models along with the D-optimum design of experiments method (DOE). Then, we used measurement and verification (M&V) data, associated with probability functions, to determine the associated uncertainty of the calculated energy consumption. Finally, we combine the latter with the polynomial modeling error to calculate the energy consumption global uncertainty, with the goal to identify strategies to reduce it