Tesi sul tema "Études de cohortes – Europe"
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Rouzé, Anahita. "Impact de l'infection par SARS-CoV-2 sur l'épidémiologie des infections respiratoires bactériennes et des aspergilloses pulmonaires invasives chez les patients de réanimation sous ventilation mécanique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2024/2024ULILS017.pdf.
Testo completoObjectives: The CoVAPid project aimed to study the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the epidemiology of bacterial and fungal respiratory infections in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV). Three entities were analyzed: early bacterial pulmonary infections, bacterial ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections (VA-LRTI) including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT), and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). The main objectives were to compare the prevalence of early bacterial pulmonary infection between patients admitted for COVID-19 and influenza, to compare the incidence of VA-LRTI among patients admitted for COVID-19, influenza, or other reasons than viral pneumonia, to compare the prevalence of early bacterial pulmonary infection and the incidence of VA-LRTI between patients from the 1st and 2nd pandemic waves of COVID-19, to determine the impact of VAP on mortality in patients with COVID-19, to assess the effect of corticosteroid therapy on the incidence of VAP in patients with COVID-19, and to compare the incidence of IPA between patients with COVID-19 and influenza. Methods: This was a retrospective observational multicenter European cohort involving 36 centers. Adult patients under MV for more than 48 hours were consecutively included and divided into four groups according to their ICU admission cause: COVID-19 (1st and 2nd wave, influenza, and others. Results: A total of 2172 patients were included. The prevalence of bacterial pulmonary infections within 48 hours following intubation was significantly lower in COVID-19 patients (9.7%) compared to those admitted for influenza (33.6%, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.23, 95% confidence interval 0.16-0.33). The incidence of VA-LRTI was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients (50.5%) compared to those admitted for influenza (30.3%, adjusted sub-hazard ratio (sHR) 1.6 (1.26-2.04)) and those without viral infection (25.3%, sHR 1.7 (1.20-2.39)), with a significantly higher incidence of VAP in the COVID-19 group compared to the other two groups. The prevalence of early infection significantly increased between the 1st and 2nd wave (9.7 vs 14.9%, adjusted OR 1.52 (1.04-2.22)), as did the incidence of VAP (36 vs 44.8%; adjusted sHR 1.37 (1.12-1.66)). VAP was associated with a significant increase in 28-day mortality in COVID-19 patients (adjusted HR of 1.65 (1.11-2.46)), which was not observed in patients admitted for influenza and without viral infection. However, no significant difference in the heterogeneity of the association between VAP and mortality was observed among the three study groups. The relationship between corticosteroid exposure and the incidence of VAP was not statistically significant (p=0.082 for the overall effect), despite a varying risk of VAP over time since the initiation of treatment. Finally, the incidence of putative IPA (defined by the AspICU algorithm) was significantly lower in the COVID-19 group compared to the influenza group (2.5% vs 6%, cause-specific adjusted HR 3.29 (1.53-7.02)). Conclusion: The CoVAPid project highlighted a lower prevalence of early bacterial pulmonary infections in COVID-19 patients compared to those with influenza, with a significant increase between the 1st and 2nd pandemic wave. The incidence of VAP was higher in COVID-19 patients, compared to patients admitted for influenza or without viral infection at admission, and significantly increased between the 1st and 2nd wave. In COVID-19 patients, corticosteroid therapy had no significant effect on the incidence of VAP, and the occurrence of VAP was associated with a significant increase in 28-day mortality. The incidence of IPA was lower among patients with COVID-19 than those with influenza
Evrard, Aurélien. "L'intégration des énergies renouvelables aux politiques publiques de l'électricité en Europe : une comparaison Allemagne, Danemark, France". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0064.
Testo completoSince its emergence as a new policy issue, in the 1970s, renewable energy has been integrated into electricity policies in most of European countries. However, it was initially a particular source of energy. It was indeed part of a radical transformation project of conventional energy systems. We conceptualize renewable energy as a “policy alternative”, defined as a set of propositions built on shared values, specific institutional arrangements and actors’ configurations, that not only aims at promoting a policy solution, but also intend to transform a policy sector. Comparing Danish, German and French cases with a long temporal perspective, this research draws two main conclusions. Firstly, only a multidimensional approach on policy change can explain national differences regarding the timing and the extent of renewable energy development. Secondly, the whole process of policy change led to a form of hybridization between renewable energy policy alternative and the electricity sector
Kpanake, Lonzozou. "La perception des risques : trois études comparatives Europe versus Afrique". Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20038.
Testo completoThe present dissertation consists of three studies. The first assessed the impact of the media on people’s risk perception by comparing risk ratings obtained from Togolese villagers (N = 304) without access to the media with risk ratings obtained from Togolese city-dwellers (N = 341) with access to the media and risk ratings obtained from French participants (N = 795). The overall mean risk judgment observed among the Togolese villagers (m = 25. 18) was lower than the mean rating observed among the Togolese city-dwellers (m = 38. 90), and lower than the mean rating observed among the French (m = 45. 61). The linear association observed between the Togolese villagers’ ratings and the Togolese city-dweller ratings (0. 75) and the French ratings (0. 65) was less strong than that observed between Togolese city-dwellers and French (0. 92). The impact of the media on risk perception was estimated to an increase of about 15% of the overall mean ratings, and to about 31% of the variance of the mean ratings. The second study examined knowledge about hepatitis C infection among Togolese (N = 312), in relation to that of French people (N = 742), and medical experts (N = 14). Differences between French’s ratings and Experts’ ratings (22. 2%) were slightly lower than differences between Togolese’s ratings and those of experts (29. 3%). The linear associations observed between differences are very strong (0. 91). The third study examined first, the extent of Togolese users’ (N = 300) knowledge of the health risks associated with the regular use of bleaching agents. A massive underestimation of some of the main risks was discovered. Secondly, the motives underlying the practice of regular skin bleaching were examined, using Reversal Theory as the theoretical framework. The eight type of basic motives that are constitutive of this theory were evidenced. Four of them appeared as clearly dominant ones. Participants practiced skin bleaching on a regular basis mainly for appearing important persons, for looking attractive, because they enjoyed their light skin, and because skin bleaching was fashionable. They did not practice skin bleaching as a demonstration of opposition to African culture or to their relatives or as a demonstration of compliance with others’ wishes. They sometimes practiced skin bleaching for securing a job. Implications in terms of health risk taking are discussed
Tcheumalieu, Fansi Manuel Roland. "Les Stratégies de modernisation des instruments financiers de paiement : étude comparative Europe-Afrique". Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA4007.
Testo completoThe financial means of payment as weil as the means of debt settlement are real drivers of business development since their set up makes transactions more perfect. . - The need to enhancy strategies used to exploit these means of payement has imposed itself on our era which is domiiiated by NIT. Modem strategies which developed in Europe have henceforth enforce themselves in Africa thanks to changes in the systems ofpayment which highly,justifY the concem that monetary authorities and groups ofbanks have about assuring celerity and security in the new business environrnent through the set up of much more adapted means of payment. The interest of this study is to make a comparative judgement on the policies put in place in both continents which may surely lead to interpretation of analogies and notably of particularities
Prange, Stéphane. "Physiopathologie de l'hétérogénéité phénotypique et pronostique de la maladie de Parkinson : études de cohortes et imagerie multimodale in vivo". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1015.
Testo completoPas de résumé en anglais
Dupuy-Busson, Séverine. "La liberté cinématographique en France et en Europe : garanties et limites". Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020097.
Testo completoJönsson-Leclerc, Alexandra. "Les politiques de la conciliation entre vie familiale et vie professionnelle en Europe : une comparaison entre la France, la Suède et le Royaume-Uni". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0039.
Testo completoThis comparative analysis reconstitutes the conditions of emergence and institutionalization of public policies regarding the conciliation of family and professional life in France, Sweden and the United Kingdom at the beginning of the 20th century and during the 1960s, before questioning their evolution in the recent period of the 1990s to nowadays. Focusing on the forms and justifications by which governments have chosen to intervene in the organization of care services for young children and of parental leave measures, the analysis insists, on a first level, on the structural differences that dominate the national cases historically. On a second level, a series of recent gradual changes are demonstrated, following in the three cases a common pattern: One part forms a process of “defamiliasation”, indicating an intensified public involvement in the care of young children at the same time as an increasing variety in the provision of care services. The other part translates a process of “parentalisation”, pointing at a new public involvement in the organization of domestic care work within the family in order to favour parents’ professional participation as well as a more equal sharing of care responsibilities between women and men. The similar redefinition of the boundaries between public and private in the three countries indicates a convergence-trend, spurred by a more egalitarian public conception of gender relations. Considered in the context of an intensified European integration, this trend shows how European public policies are becoming ever more interwoven displaying a case of Europeanization where the influence of Europe can be neither certified nor excluded
Mangset, Marte. "The discipline of historians : a comparative study of historians' constructions of the discipline of history in English, French and Norwegian universities". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0057.
Testo completoReforms related to the Bologna process have profoundly influenced on French and Norwegian higher education. The reorganisation of study programmes is a key feature of these reforms. In England, it is rather national reforms that have changed the degree structure in the discipline of history. With this thesis I have sought to study the relationships between the structure of study programmes and conceptions of a discipline in a given discipline, that of history. Based on interviews with historians teaching at master level in two universities in each of the three countries, I have studied ways to understand and define the discipline related to teaching practices and the structures within which these practices take place. Rather than taking the reforms as object of study, I have chosen to use them as a methodological means in order to study disciplinary conceptions. The degree structure reforms have created controversies in the six history departments under study. The argumentations developed by the historians in these debates unveil tacit disciplinary conceptions. The variations between different conceptions of history hereby exposed pose the question of the disciplines’ universality and essentialism claimed by many. The analysis of disciplinary conceptions conducted through the analysis of study programmes and the reforms of these study programmes reformulate the question of the relationship between a discipline and its context
Chaillol, Isabelle. "Mesure de l’exposition au rayonnement ultraviolet solaire pour les études épidémiologiques". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10231/document.
Testo completoUltraviolet radiation (UV) is a carcinogenic agent for which little information on human exposure is available. The intensity and the changes of solar UV exposure, which is the main source of exposure, have an impact on health but are difficult to monitor. The work of this thesis led to the creation of a tool for quantitative estimation of individual exposure to solar UV that can be used in epidemiological studies. We created an atlas of monthly average daily radiation across Europe. Some missing values from the Nordic countries during winter had to be extrapolated. We observed a strong seasonality and characteristics in the spatial distribution which does not always follow the gradient of latitude. For instance, UV radiation is higher in the southern area of the Nordic countries than in central Europe. A survey was conducted in eight European populations to estimate individual exposure. These populations have different behaviours regarding sun exposure. After a step of modeling to estimate missing values in northern Norway throughout the year, we quantified chronic and holiday exposure in three populations (France, Italy and Norway). The tool developed during this thesis will be used for future epidemiological studies that will contribute to improving the knowledge about UV exposure in populations and better understanding its role in the aetiology of various diseases, such as skin cancers
Mossler, Geneviève. "Problématique constitutionnelle du bicamérisme en Europe". Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN20015.
Testo completoLe bicamérisme ne peut pas uniquement se définir comme étant un parlement composé de deux chambres. Cette organisation institutionnelle emporte nécessairement des conséquences quant au concept de représentation et quant au travail parlementaire. Dans les Etats de l'Union Européenne, dont treize seulement ont opté pour un parlement bicaméral, ceci est particulièrement révélateur. Dans chaque Etat étudié, la question de la fonction représentative de la seconde chambre se pose, tant au niveau de ses fondements, que de leur réalisation concrète. De même, le bicamérisme interroge directement l'efficacité du travail parlementaire et donc la place à accorder à la seconde chambre, dans le cadre de la fonction législative et de contrôle. De tentatives de réformes en réflexions sur l'utilité réelle de la dualité des chambres parlementaires, la problématique constitutionnelle du bicamérisme en Europe est celle de l'adéquation des objectifs qui lui sont assignés à leur réalisation concrète dans des systèmes constitutionnels divers, qui ont en commun de vouloir trouver la solution institutionnelle la mieux adaptée à la complexité des sociétés politiques actuelles
Ali, Ijaz. "Tendance, les déterminants et le rôle de singnaling des dividendes en Europe : trois études". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070637.
Testo completoArtaud, Fanny. "Comportements de santé, dépendance et déclin moteur au cours du vieillissement dans deux études de cohorte". Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS033V/document.
Testo completoPhysical decline and disability are two important components of ageing. In this thesis, based on the Trois Cités-Dijon et Whitehall II studies, we show that physical decline, measured through walking speed, is a good predictor of subsequent disability.Some people have a more pronounced physical decline than others or become disabled. The objective of the second part of this thesis was to identify health behaviours that could explain this heterogeneity. Physical inactivity, smoking, and low consumption of fruit and vegetables were associated in older people with a higher risk of disability. Moreover, decreasing physical activity, smoking, or stopping drinking alcohol in adulthood were also associated with a higher risk of disability in older people. Finally, obesity and increasing or decreasing weight are associated in older people with a faster decline of physical performances.This thesis has contributed to demonstrate the harmful effects of adverse lifestyle during ageing. It appears therefore important to educate people about the consequences of their lifestyle at any age on their quality of life once older
Heinderyckx, François. "Nations et médias d'information: études de contenus et de publics de médias d'information dans leur articulation avec l'espace national et examen de l'approche transnationale". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212494.
Testo completoLorenzi, Isabelle. "Les privatisations en Europe de l'est : étude comparative des privatisations (ex-RDA, la Bulgarie, la Hongrie, la Pologne, la République tchèque, la Roumanie, la Russie et l'Europe de l'Ouest)". Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0066.
Testo completoBoudet, Jean-Christophe. "La bande dessinée muette depuis les années soixante-dix en Europe, aux États-Unis et au Japon". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010650.
Testo completoHsu, Hsiao-Fen. "L'ordre public et les bonnes moeurs en droit des brevets : contribution à l’étude du droit comparé : Europe, Taïwan, Chine, États-unis". Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA4011.
Testo completoThe notions of morality and ordre public criteria have a long tradition in most systems of patent law. This shows that industrial creations must be compatible with the basic rules of society, like any other social activities. These notions exist not only in patent law; instead, they have been developed and applied in different branches of law. It is important to translate these legal standards into the specific context and language used in patent law. In modern patent law, morality and ordre pubic criteria have been revived in the context of biotechnological inventions by taking into account these new concepts. Compared to their previous use, the new morality and ordre public criteria are softer in their control function and have a more protective aspect. Their control function has been increasingly implemented and their role in the hierarchy of interests and in the delineation of the scope of patent protection has been strengthened. The objective of this study is to determine the constitutive elements and functions of these notions in patent law. The comparative law perspective allows in particular to illustrate the use of these criteria in different legal systems. The study is divided into two parts: First, the definition, descriptions and roles of morality and ordre public criteria are examined. Second, the application of these criteria in practice are analysed, in order to find an interpretation of those legal standards that is coherent and useful to the development of patent law
Graëffly, Romain. "Le logement social : étude comparée de l'intervention publique en France et en Europe occidentale". Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020072.
Testo completoPerrin, Ségolène. "Parenté et parentalité : le rôle du tiers dans la vie de l'enfant : étude de droit comparé européen". Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA4019.
Testo completoSignificant societal changes have led more and more children to live in a family setting in which one a third party has exercised or exercises a parental duty. The concept of parenting helps to understand the role of the third party with the child. Neologism derived from the parental adjective, it can be defined as parenthood. In a broad sense, it covers all aspects of parenting: the conception and birth of the child, his education, his material support, that is to say all aspects of parenting from the moment a child is born until he reaches adult status. Kinship and parenthood, normally associated in a traditional family setting, tend to dissociate in certain family configurations. This leads to a plurality of relationships between children and adults outside the legal framework of kinship. These additional relationships raise the problem of the role of third parties. The French law, like other European laws, does not give one single status across the board to the third party because of the diversity of situations. However, the law sometimes takes the third party into consideration. This consideration varies and is imperfect. However, it is in the interest of the child to secure his family configuration. The recognition of the third party’s parenthood must result from an express act of will. The use of kinship can be a satisfactory solution but shows its limits. We therefore have to consider other arguments to legally recognize the role of third parties outside of this rigid framework
Point, Sébastien. "Les ressources humaines dans les rapports d'activité en Europe : apports des théories de la contingence du management et du management de l'impression". Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO33030.
Testo completoMacadré, Catherine. "Problèmes méthodologiques liés à la comparaison internationale des niveaux de vie dans une perspective historique : application à l'Europe de 1820". Nancy 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN20004.
Testo completoThe objective of this thesis is to indentify the methodological problems in international comparisons of life levels in historical perspective and particularly in Europe in 1820. European societies have undergonedeep changes at the beginning of the XIX's implying various consequences on life levels. This thesis is organized in two parts. The first part compares methodologies of specialists like P. Bairoch and A. Maddison. The second part presents and studies P. Bairoch's physical indicators methodology applied in the Europe at the beginning of the XIX's. Two types of result come out of the first part. Fisrt, we show the importance of the aggregation of the output sets on the basis of Purchasing Power Parities (PPA) to convert the sectoral output value to a common currency. Second, new personal methodologies are satisfactory. Moreover, L. Prado's methodology is particularly effective. The second part emphasises physical indicators like efficient in the determination of life level in 1820. We use wheat , agricultural productivity, consumption of coal, iron and cotton, per capita and a set of demographic data. This macroeconomic is completed by a microeconomic study using prices, nominal and real wages. Finaly, the Huma Development Index (version III) shows that United Kingdom's life level was superior of 30% on the French in 1820
Barylo, William. "L'islam, moteur de I'engagement citoyen ? : études des constructions personnelles et impact social de l'islam dans l'espace public européen à partir du milieu associatif musulman". Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0027.
Testo completoThe first decade of the 21st century gave birth to some original and innovative charities in Europe, lead by small groups of young active Muslims. In these organisations, islamic ethics is not only a social cernent, tying strong bonds, but also a motor to volunteers' motivation. With the help of a comprehensive amount of empirical data through an ethnographie approach, this work drafts the process and dynamics of getting involved in thèse Muslim charities. This research analyses how these Muslim volunteers embrace modem cultures in light of islamic practices and values and eventually, how they embody a whole new generation of European citizens, refreshing key concepts such as citizenship and democracy
Rubel, Katarsyna. "Le concept de mutualité et l'évolution des assurances sociales en Europe". Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020124.
Testo completoAmaral, Miguel. "Modes d'organisation et performances : le cas du transport public urbain en Europe". Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010070.
Testo completoMejri, Mohamed. "La musique classique arabe du Mashreq au XXème siècle et ses rapports avec l'Occident". Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040094.
Testo completoIn the 20th century, music has experienced rapid growth in the orient as well as in the occident. And, in the Mashreq, musicians, thanks to the phonograph, the cinema and the radio, have been able to hear western music in their daily lives. The notion has taken root that this music could add new elements and improve the style of traditional music. Western influences were welcome by those who thought that occidentalization of music would counter the stagnation into which traditional music has fallen. The way in which the influence was exerted differed from country within the mashreq. This work outlines the course of this evolution. The most important factor is the adaptation of European polyphony to Arab music. The present work tries to answer a question: is this musical style primarily a source of enrichment, or is it fundamentally in contradiction with the essence of traditional music? In addition to exploring the problems of acculturation, this research explores the repertory of the ud through a study of taqasim, focusing on developments on the 20th century. This part of the study is based on the writer's personal experience as a player of the ud. The approach therefore is a personal one which is complemented by work in the field - recording the taqasim of several musicians from the syro-egyptian school at different times during the course of the writer's travels in Egypt and the Middle East. The problem of western influences on the classical music of the mashreq is examined in detail in the second part of this work. In this context, research was carried out in Egypt, Lebanon, Syria and Iraq but also in turkey. In the course of his travels, the author has had occasion to meet some musicians who are very well-known in their own countries. This has permitted him to create a sort of anthology of musical works which can serve to illustrate the evolution of musical style in this region in the 20th century
Nicolas, Muriel. "La déréglementation du secteur électrique en Europe : bilan et leçons de la réforme en Grande-Bretagne". Paris 9, 1998. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1998PA090051.
Testo completoBaeyens, Helene. "Les stratégies de socialisation scolaire à l'unification européenne : une dynamique saisie à partir des programmes et manuels scolaires de géographie, d'histoire et d'éducation civique des années 1950 à 1998". Grenoble 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE21031.
Testo completoMoulin, Jean-Jacques. "Conduite d'études épidémiologiques de mortalité en France : les risques de cancers broncho-pulmonaires dans la métallurgie". Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN19001.
Testo completoHitomi, Hiroko. "Étude comparative de l'évolution historique des structures de pouvoir et de la stratification sociale dans les sociétés d'Extrême-Orient (Chine, Japon) et d'Occident à la lumière du couple de concepts pluralisme / monopolisme". Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040060.
Testo completoThe target of the whole study consists in deducing the two sorts of political flows which were getting more and more divergent, and so European societies and Far Eastern societies were destined to follow respectively these flows from the point of view of these two premises : the first premise is of the pluralism of European political system and of the monopolism of Far Eastern political system. .
Trinh, Ngoc Huy. "L'influence de la culture nationale sur la politique de rémunération des entreprises multinationales : une comparaison Vietnam-Europe". Toulouse 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU10074.
Testo completoThis research concerns the influence of national culture on the remuneration practices of European multinational enterprises in Vietnam. It is built on the G Hofstede's theoretical model of national culture (1980, 2001) in order to try to help leaders of multinational enterprises (MNEs) have a compensation policy in the international context. We also try to measure the employee satisfaction level with regard to the remuneration. By adopting a qualitative approach, an empirical study was conducted with a sample of 307 CEO of these MNEs from seven different European countries and 893 employees working in these 39 MNEs. The result demonstrates that there is an influence of the dimensions of power distance, individualism/collectivism and uncertainty avoidance on the remuneration policy. The effects of the other two dimensions (masculinity/feminity and long-term orientation) are still indicative. Moreover, our results also show that there is high level of employee satisfaction with regard to the remuneration if the compensation policy is built on the adaptation to the Vietnamese culture context. In conclusion, these results emphasize the importance of adapting national culture in compensation policy making in an international environment
Sannino, Annalisa. "L'élaboration des avis dans une assemblée consultative de l'Union européenne : un jeu de langage dans un collectif complexe et en évolution". Nancy 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN21021.
Testo completoIt is a major challenge to understand how linguistic activity is organized in broad and multicultural working collectives. This form of professional life mobilizes every day several million people in various existing international institutions. It is necessary to construct tools that facilitate interaction and work in this type of social systems. To achieve this, we need to uncover the interactional mechanisms which control these practices. My research is guided by this perspective. I study the linguistic activity realized in the development of an expert opinion in a Consultative Assembly of the European Union, the Economic and Social Committee (C. E. S. ). I describe this activity as a language game as Wittgenstein conceived it, namely as an event which is not controllable at the theoretical level because of its uniqueness. Proceeding within the theoretical framework of Interlocutionary Logic, I propose a device of analysis which makes it possible to explore this language game and to uncover some of its constitutive features
Danjoie, Claire. "Gouverner les territoires durables en Europe : une comparaison des politiques infranationales en France, en Allemagne et en Espagne (Ours-Déchets ménagers et assimilés)". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU10029/document.
Testo completoLe résumé en anglais n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur
Milovanovic, Ivana. "Rôle de la croissance ante et post natale dans le développement des maladies métaboliques : cohorte CASyMIR". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077075.
Testo completoBeing born small for gestational age (SGA) is related to later development of complex diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Our prospective cohort of children enrolled during fetal life aimed to establish the relationship between fetal growth, growth until the age of 4 and installation of metabolic disorders. In a comparative study, nested in the cohort CASyMIR, we have selected only children with family risk factors. They were, compared to children with normal birth weight, significantly lighter at birth and ail along the follow-up. No differences in any of the measured metabolic and hormonal parameters were observed between the two groups ail along the study. So, we assume that these children are constitutionally small children who are and will remain perfectly healthy. To meet the overall objective of the cohort CASyMIR , we investigated the profile of fetal growtt¬and postnatal growth in height and weight , body composition and metabolic profiles until the age of 4 years according to the birth weight. The aim was to assess insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in order to determine whether changes can be detected in SGA subjects early in life. We could show a deficiency of insulin secretion in children born SGA but without insulin resistance. Children born small showed early and modest catch-up growth, that seems to be a physiological phenomenon rather beneficial than harmful
Stirnemann, Jérôme. "Maladie de gaucher : épidémiologie et modélisation de l'évolution des marqueurs biologiques et cliniques avec et sans traitement". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077051.
Testo completoGaucher disease (GD) is a rare genetic lysosmal disorder, which may be complicated by bone events [BE] (avascular necrosis, bone infarct, pathological fracture). Some biomarkers are modified (increased chitotriosidase, angiotensin converting enzyme, ferritin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and decreased platelets levels). GD has available specific treatments. An analysis of 62 patients showed that BE occurred before and during treatment; biomarkers have been modeled (using mixed models) and the impact of slope and values at treatment onset were tested on BE. A particular interest has been focused on the ferritin, showing that other iron parameters remained normal (in 72 patients) and describing glycosylated ferritin in 25 patients with GD (decreased) for the first time. Characteristics of two specific complications have been described: the characteristics of 10 patients with Parkinson's disease (and 49 patients in other publications); BE incidence in 42 children with GD was analyzed (6 had BE at diagnosis and 32 during follow-up). We developed and labeled the French GD Registry in 2009. Epidemiological analysis of ail cases of GD in France identified 562 patients registered, including 378 with follow-up (90 deaths, 46 monoclonal gammopathy) and 283 with current follow-up. BE occurred before (130 BE in 67 patients), but also during treatment (60 BE in 41 patients) with respective frequencies (95% CI) of 20. 3% (14. 1% - 26. 5%) and 19. 8% (13. 5% - 26. 1%) at 10 years, respectively. These studies should continue with use of biomarkers modeling on patient registry to try predict BE
Amar, Céline. "Le président de la République dans les régimes parlementaires bireprésentatifs européens". Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/amar_c.
Testo completoPresident of the republic elected by direct suffrage in european parliament ary systems of government. Is a president of the Republic elected by direct and univers al suffrage in a parliamentary system of government dangerous for democracy ? Presidents, as a members of parliament, are directly elected in a so-called parliamentary birepresentative system of government. No less than fifteen european countries are concerned (in chronological order of the constitutions : Austria, Ireland, Iceland, France, Portugal, Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania, Macedonia, Slovenia, Lituania, Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Finland). This type of system expanded in the Eastern and central european countries at the end of last century, after the fall of USSR. Not every president retains the same powers. Some of them are considered neutral arbiters as the Queen of England. Others have substantial powers, sometimes even without countersignature. Thus historical circumstances justify its existence, we have to consider political context of this type of system of government. It is urgent to put on limits to presidential prerogatives in order to preserve parliamentary democracy from violations of constitutional law by the president himself
Glauser-Matecki, Antoinette. ""Un aspect du cycle de mai en Europe occidentale : rites et coutumes des calendes de mai : la nuit de mai"". Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0108.
Testo completoThe festve customs of may's cycle carry a message about the "passage" of the time, main line of this research. They find in the "may night" date of the sacerdotal celebration of beltaine in the celtic calendar, their myth of origin. The christian ceremony of this period gather together pratices, legends linked to this "passage" of the time. In the middle ages the customs of the may tree with the youth's groups contribution can be interpretated as initiatory rituals. Some field investigations about "may poles" show that the custom can be analysed from its place in the calendar through the permanency of the function it carries out. Characters as the "feuillus" are linked to customs of water's cycle and to the "red moon". Kings of may or may couples parade nowaday during the first days of may when, according to popular beliefs, weddings and births were unlucky. The first of may's cavalcades giving way to the traditional walpurgis night's witches belong as the "klausen" of the german-speaking switzerland to the "wild hunt". Some themes of the celtic mytology left traces in the may folklore. The revival of nature corresponding to the year's one, imposed customs linked tocoronation, sexuality and the next woorld
Araujo, Fatima Ribeiro. ""Voyages du goût" : les échanges, les transformations et les synthèses d'aliments entre l'Europe, l'Afrique et l'Amérique du XVème au XVIIème siècles". Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070060.
Testo completoThe study concerns the sociology, history and anthropology of the firat exchanges, transfers and combinations of nourishement between the paoples of europe, africa america (particularly brazil), during the great voyages in the fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. We also thy to know the european nourishment of the fifteenth century and the pantry of the caravelles used fon ocean voyages. We also observe the food, known and unknown, found along the maritime routes, the first contacts between the men of the ships and the populations on land regarding the exchanges of food and its adaption. Finally, we have studied the amerindien, africain and portuguase nourishement in brasil during the sixteenth and seventeenthe centuries as a fincution of working relations, culturel and biological racial mixture between these three populations, and combination of food worked out by the africains in particuler during the slavery period, through their religious rituel
Chaillol, Isabelle. "Mesure de l'exposition au rayonnement ultraviolet solaire pour les études épidémiologiques". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831718.
Testo completoCervenka, Iris. "Prise de traitements hormonaux et risque de mélanome cutané dans les cohortes prospectives E3N et EPIC". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS503/document.
Testo completoThe hypothesis of a hormonal dependence of cutaneous melanoma has been debated in the literature over past decades. Within this context, it is critical to increase our knowledge on the influence of exogenous hormone use on the risk of this cancer.The aim of this project was to explore the influence of hormonal treatments (oral contraceptives, fertility drugs, premenopausal use of progestogens, and menopause hormone therapy) on the risk of cutaneous melanoma in women.The project was mainly based on the large E3N (Étude épidémiologique auprès de femmes de l’Éducation Nationale) prospective cohort, which included about 100,000 women aged 40-65 years at inclusion in 1990. The cohort collected data on pigmentary phenotype, sun exposure, hormonal treatment use, and medical data including cutaneous melanomas, which were ascertained through pathology reports (761 incident cases between 1990 and 2011). Additional information on sun exposure, available for a portion of the E3N cohort, was used. These detailed data were collected as part of the E3N-SunExp case-control study launched in 2008.Analyses were extended to the EPIC consortium (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition), which includes about 334 500 women and 1,734 incident melanoma cases.The results arising from this project show modest associations between exogenous hormone use and melanoma risk and suggest no strong direct influence of hormones on melanoma development. However, results suggest intentional UV exposure behaviors in exogenous hormone users, which opens new perspectives for future investigations in this field
Imbert, Florence. "Enjeu du concept d'émeute urbaine : approche comparée de quelques cas en Europe et dans le monde arabe dans le dernier quart du XXème siècle". Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32042.
Testo completoMagnier, Sophie. "Les différences culturelles et l'utilisation des outils de communication interne dans les organisations européennes : comparaison de deux organisations". Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30068.
Testo completoThe field of intercultural communication has been explored for 40 years. The dimensions of cultures described by Hofstede (Hofstede, 1980) and Trompenaars (Troompenaars, 1996) became references for companies facing cultural differences problems. The company culture, which organizations try to manage, unifies employees of an organization around common goals, values and behaviours. However, there are multitudes of sub-cultures within organizations (Collier, 1988) which influence employees' behaviour. Indeed, the confrontation of culture can create culture shocks (E. Marx, 2001), although people joining a company can acculturate to the company culture (Deval, 1993). European organizations are particularly exposed to the multicultural communication problems. As a matter of fact, all theories agreed that there is no unified European culture (Camilleri, 1994). In this research we have been investigating what influences employees internal communication behaviors. By internal communication, we mean, all interaction between people within the organization (Mucchielli, 2001). A series of interviews has been conducted at the EEC (the research and development centre of the European Organisation EUROCONTROL), on a representative sample of staff, in order to identify the way that its employees communicate with colleagues. We have tried to identify a correlation between one of the identification factors (nationality, gender, grade, age, seniority, hierarchical position, status, etc. . . ) and the communication profile. The results show that there is a strong correlation between seniority and communication profile. No link with nationality was found
Anakesa, Kululuka Apollinaire. "L'Afrique noire dans la musique savante occidentale au XXe siècle". Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040126.
Testo completoSalvetat, David. "Les Pratiques d'intelligence économique et leurs déterminants : Le cas des entreprises de hautes technologies en Europe". Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON10016.
Testo completoBusiness Intelligence (BI) is a secular concept whose awakening is relatively recent. The firms passed from an unconscious practice of information to conscious practice, reasoned, rationalized. The BIis a tool of reading and analysis of information the purpose of which is to better understand and transform an environment given thanks to the supply of elements which optimizes decision making. The practice of the IE is registered, at the same time, in a cycle information. BI born from the praxis. Academic research remains weak. The literature on the practices of BI teaches us the little explored theoretical tracks. Our study relates to the european companies (resulting from the 25 countries of the EU) of high technologies (eight branches of industry). These firms are increasingly consuming BI. They are the place of knowledge and the knowledge what confer an important theoretical value to them. They innovate and combine, at the same time, the need for composing with the roughness of the competing intrigues and the requirement of co-operation within the ecosystems of businesses. The BI seems to be competing, partnership and coopetitive. Academic research in BI is primarily case studies. The empirical studies are very few and often only descriptive. Our study is empirical (sending of a questionnaire with 1. 500 companies). The description of the practices must be examined as well as its determinants. This falls under the need for charting the companies according to their practices of BI and for including/understanding the relations which give life to the exercise of the BIThis research tries to mitigate a badly known aspect of the practices of BI in order to be applicable to the field of high technologies. This relatively new character is based on the need for building a reproducible model by the resumption or the invention of new questions. The practical interest is to be able to clarify the badly known aspects of the BI for a leader and to provide him guiding lines to conclude its step of BI
Jelisavac, Bevanda Jovanka. "Éducation préscolaire et besoins fondamentaux de l'enfant : quelques expériences européennes comparées à la configuration française". Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STET2134.
Testo completoSanchez, Sylvie. "Une séduction transculturelle : la pizza : polymorphisme, appropriation et identité dans l'alimentation". Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0125.
Testo completoBouvry, Florence. "Les manifestations esthétiques du Mésolithique de la fin du Tardiglaciaire et durant le Postglaciaire en Europe Occidentale : une anthropologie des manisfestations esthétiques". Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010502.
Testo completoNoël, Camille. "Adaptation des spectacles d'humour québecois en Europe : entre nécessité et altération ?" Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPHF0017.
Testo completoOur case study analyses the adaptation of Québec comedy shows in Europe and its potential effects on the authenticity of the original work. We studied various shows in both French and English created by three comedians from Québec: Stéphane Rousseau, Louis-José Houde and Sugar Sammy. The three of them are famous in their home country and they all tried to export their work to Europe, especially to France, but did not enjoy the same level of success. Stéphane Rousseau’s work is characterised by a thorough adaptation of his show with a subtle erasure of his accent. LouisJosé Houde chose to modify his texts very slightly but adopted universal topics. Finally, Sugar Sammy opted for a nearly complete rewriting depending on his new target audience and gave a large space to improvisation. We dedicated our theoretical chapter to the sociolinguistic situation in Québec, the definition of humour and its translation (even transadaptation) in the fields of stand-up, drama and audiovisual productions. We chose analysis tools such as the classification of jokes based on the issues they create in audiovisual translation (Zabalbeascoa, 2001), humoristic devices taught in the École nationale de l’humour de Montréal (Ouellette & Vien, 2017a) and philosophical theories of humour, such as the incongruity theory, the superiority theory and the relief theory (Carroll, 2014). We proceeded to compare Stephane Rousseau’s show, named Rousseau in Québec, to its French adaptation written by Franck Dubosc, Stéphane Rousseau: One-man-show to measure the extent of the modifications made. The study of Québec versions of two skits performed by Louis-José Houde in Paris, Goglu and La Guadeloupe, aimed at showing cultural elements that could explain the untranslatability of some jokes. Finally, the ‘improvisations’ performed by Sugar Sammy in French and English in France, Canada and the USA showed signs of adaptation in a rewriting. We have been able to confirm a part of our hypothesis verifying that the adaptation of a Québec comedy show is necessary to make it understandable to the new target audience, but contrary to what we stated, it does not always imply a loss of meaning and originality of the text and can even create a privileged feeling and does not hinder the experience of Québec viewers. Finally, we have partially been able to confirm that a lack of adaptation could damage the transmission of the comedic message and the creation of complicity with the target audience
Glotova, Elizaveta. "La circulation des normes pénales : études empiriques des mouvements actuels des normes pénales en Europe et aux États-Unis". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1032/document.
Testo completoThe circulation of legal norms is a phenomenon studied by an international research current named policy transfer studies which has however little interest in criminal norms. Nevertheless, during the last several decades, the globalization processes have made the circulation of these norms faster, more intense and more complex. Based on three case studies, our work shows how the circulation of criminal norms is widely influenced by European harmonization processes, by the diffusion of the neoliberal ideology that accompanied a punitive turn in the criminal policies of most European countries and by the emergence of transnational crimes that require similar solutions. We will characterize the limits of these convergences and analyze them in several theoretical frameworks borrowed from the sociology of deviance in order to understand their implications for those who want to grasp the legislative process on the national level
Boulanger, Mathilde. "Etude des déterminants de l'exposition aux nuisances agricoles et leurs effets sur le cancer du poumon". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC404.
Testo completoBackground. Farmers are at lower risk of lung cancer, compared to the general population, at least partly because of a reduced rate of smoking among the elderly and women. A “protective” effect of endotoxins has also been hypothesized. Even though some of the occupational exposures occurring during farming-related activities are well-known or suspected lung carcinogens, there is scarce data in the literature, about the associations between specific occupational exposures or tasks in farming, and the risk of lung cancer. Objectives.The first aim was to analyse, in the AGRICAN cohort, the associations between lung cancer and (1) occupational exposure to various crops and related tasks; (2) arsenical pesticides and dinitroaniline herbicides use in farming. We also aimed at stratifying our analysis by histological subtypes of lung cancer. The second aim was to initiate a metrological project, to assess farmers’ occupational exposure to various airborne pollutants, in relation with the risk of lung cancer. Methods. We used the data from the French AGRIculture and CANcer cohort (AGRICAN) and from the PESTIcide MATrix project (PESTIMAT), to assess the associations between occupational farming exposures and lung cancer. A Cox model was performed, with adjustment on gender, smoking intensity, cattle and horses breeding. Our metrological project AirExpA was first launched in Normandy and focused on a few exposures – total dusts in real-time ; endotoxins and 38 mycotoxins, cumulative – in cattle breeding, wheat/barley and peas harvesting, and haymaking. Results and discussion. We reported a negative association between lung cancer and corn growing, and positive associations between (1) vineyard growing and adenocarcinoma; (2) peas growing and small cell lung cancer. Corn growing, especially grain handling, might expose to significant levels of endotoxins, thus explaining the inverse association. Peas growing, especially harvesting, is reportedly a dusty task; the AirExpA project will enable us to better characterize the dusts. We found no association between arsenicals use and lung cancer, nor with dinitroaniline herbicides use. However, stratifying on gender and smoking status showed positive associations among women and never-smokers, especially for adenocarcinomas. The AirExpA project showed dust and endotoxins exposure gradients in cattle breeding, depending on the task, and a mild but real exposure to endotoxins in various tasks in crop growing. All samples for mycotoxins were below the limit of quantification. Analysing exposure peaks, extending the project to other breedings/crops and air pollutants are among the perspectives. Conclusion. Our results raise new research questions about possible associations between occupational agricultural exposures and lung cancer, and contribute to a better knowledge and understanding of farmers’ occupational exposure to air pollutants
Dézé, Alexandre. "Idéologie et stratégies partisanes : une analyse du rapport des partis d'extrême droite au système politique démocratique : le cas du Front national, du Movimento sociale italiano et du Vlaams Blok". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0048.
Testo completoOn the whole, classical approaches have analysed extreme right parties by focusing on their structural conditions of emergence and success in a macroscopic and monographic way. This PHD dissertation aims to suggest another way of studying these parties, by adopting both an endogenous and a comparative approach centered around the relationships between these parties (which put forward an anti-system ideology) and the democratic political system. Three cases are considered: the FN, the MSI and the VB. Founded on archives, graphic propaganda and a fieldwork conducted in Italy, France and Belgium, this dissertation is organised around three main parts. The first part deals with taxonomic and theoretical issues, stressing various hypotheses on strategic possibilities for extreme right parties (between adaptation to the system and distinction from the system). The second and third parts test these hypotheses from an empirical point of view, by examining the genetic phase of the studied parties and by analysing the strategies implemented by their leaders, and their consequences during the three main phases of the evolution of the FN, the MSI and the VB (the political wilderness, the political emergence, and the coming to power)
Cuniberti, Gilles. "Les mesures conservatoires portant sur des biens situés à l'étranger". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010329.
Testo completoUnder French law, freezing orders are strictly territorial in scope. Thus a French court may not attach assets situated abroad, and no foreign order designed to cover assets located within the jurisdiction are likely to be given effect. However, there is no convincing reason why the law should be so. First, public international law does not prevent national courts from freezing assets situate without their jurisdiction. Second, although it is a commonplace in civil law countries to suggest the contrary, freezing orders and enforcement measures are different in nature, and there is consequently no reason why they ought to be governed by the same rules in private international law. Third, the peculiarities of these decisions are no logical obstacles to their recognition. A comparative study of the German, Italian and, above all, english practice demonstrates that such an evolution is conceivable. The developments of the mareva jurisdiction shows that it would meet needs that clearly exist, but which have been so far neglected by the french legal order. Such a far reaching jurisdiction, nevertheless, would raise lots of new issues. How could a mareva injunction be given effect in a civil law countries? Which law should be applied by the court, both to the order itself and to the determination of a good arguable case? What is the exact meaning of article 24 of the brussels convention?