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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Estimation du flux de passagers"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 28 settembre 2024

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1

Li, H. Y., e W. M. Yan. "Inverse Convection Problem for Determining Wall Heat Flux in Annular Duct Flow". Journal of Heat Transfer 122, n. 3 (29 febbraio 2000): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1287169.

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An inverse problem for unsteady forced convection in an annular duct is presented. The simulated temperature data taken at the outer wall are used to estimate the time-dependent axially varying surface heat flux distribution at the inner wall of the annular passage. No prior information on the functional form of the unknown wall heat flux is needed in the inverse method. The effects of the functional form of the wall heat flux, the number of the measurement points, and the measurement errors on the accuracy of the estimation are investigated. It is shown that the reconstruction of the timewise and spatial variations of the wall heat flux is satisfactory even if the estimated function is not smooth. [S0022-1481(00)01003-3]

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2

Thapar, Vikram, e Fernando A. Escobedo. "Simultaneous estimation of free energies and rates using forward flux sampling and mean first passage times". Journal of Chemical Physics 143, n. 24 (28 dicembre 2015): 244113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4938248.

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3

Papadogianni, Vasiliki N., Alexandros Romeos, Athanasios Giannadakis, Konstantinos Perrakis e Thrassos Panidis. "Fire Ignition and Propagation in Hidden Zones of Aircrafts: A Novel Confined Fire Apparatus (CFA) for Flame Spreading Investigation". Fire 6, n. 8 (31 luglio 2023): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6080292.

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This research investigated potential fire hazards originating in hidden areas of pressurized sections of aircrafts. The objective was to establish a laboratory-scale flammability test method to predict the behavior of fire propagation under real fire conditions. A confined fire apparatus (CFA) was designed and constructed, and several tests were conducted to better understand the involved mechanisms and their consequences and to estimate flame spreading in hidden-zone fires. The experimental facility and flame-spreading results obtained for a typical material involved in hidden fires, specifically a ceiling panel, were presented and discussed. The experimental facility consisted of a narrow passage where a fire was initiated using a burner on a specimen exposed to a controlled heat flux. Experiments were conducted in the absence of forced airflow. Flame spreading was estimated through visual monitoring of fire development or temperature measurements at specific locations in the specimen. Both methods yielded similar results. The flame spread velocity in relation to the imposed heat flux allowed for the estimation of the critical heat flux for spreading q˙sp,cr″ and for ignition q˙ig,cr″; the corresponding temperatures, Ts,min and Tig; and the flame spread parameter Φ.

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4

Trentini, Anna, e Nicolas Malhene. "Maîtriser la coexistence des flux de passagers et de marchandises en milieu urbain". Revue Française de Gestion Industrielle 29, n. 2 (1 giugno 2010): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53102/2010.29.02.628.

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La mobilité urbaine regroupe à la fois la mobilité des personnes mais aussi la mobilité des biens. Aujourd'hui, l'intégration de la vision "passagers" dans la planification des transports ne fait aucun doute. Les marchandises, quand elles sont considérées, sont alors exprimées en tant que contraintes des flux passagers. Cet article propose un argumentaire mettant en avant les synergies de ces deux types de flux à priori antagonistes. Puis, la structure d'une procédure de planification de la mobilité est établie, son intérêt principal réside en la maîtrise de la coexistence des passagers/marchandises en ville. Pour cela, il s'agit de formaliser le cadre méthodologique de planification, d'analyser les éléments fondamentaux des approches méthodologiques de planification du transport de passagers et de marchandises et enfin d'identifier les concepts novateurs pour la définition d'une approche méthodologique de planification de la mobilité urbaine intégrée.

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5

Lin, Jingrou, Qingyang Sun, Yupeng Liu, Haijun Ye, Danling Tang, Xiaohao Zhang e Yang Gao. "Sea Surface pCO2 Response to Typhoon “Wind Pump” and Kuroshio Intrusion in the Northeastern South China Sea". Remote Sensing 16, n. 1 (27 dicembre 2023): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16010123.

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The Luzon Strait (LS) is a key region for estimating carbon sources and sinks in the South China Sea (SCS) and is highly influenced by the Kuroshio Current (KC) and typhoons. Understanding the variations in the sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2-sw) under the combined effects of typhoons and KC in this region is crucial for estimating local and regional changes in ocean carbon flux. Based on valuable in situ pCO2-sw and remote sensing data, this study aimed to reveal the temporal variations and the physical mechanisms of pCO2-sw variations under the comprehensive effects of both typhoons and Kuroshio Intrusion (KI) in the LS. One week after the passage of the tropical cyclone (TC) Nanmadol, the concentration in the pCO2-sw and the influencing mechanisms varied in three different regions (W1–W3) on Transect A (120°E). In the region dominated by SCS waters (W1), the average pCO2-sw increased by 5.1 μatm after TC, which was mainly due to the TC “Wind Pump” inducing strong vertical mixing, which brought dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC)-rich deeper water up to the surface. In the region affected by KC (W2 and W3), pCO2-sw decreased after the TC (−8.2 μatm and −1.8 μatm, respectively) with TC-enhanced KI because the invasion of lower pCO2-sw of Kuroshio waters inhibited the TC-induced upwelling. More significant TC-induced upwelling (W3) would alleviate the decrease in pCO2-sw caused by the TC-enhanced KI. This study is a rare case providing a better understanding of the variations in pCO2-sw under TC-enhanced KI, which provides support for regional climate change prediction and carbon flux estimation in the western boundary current regions.

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Bhatt, Apoorva, Paweł Malecki e Dariusz Góra. "Shore Shadow Effect in Baikal". Universe 8, n. 7 (24 giugno 2022): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8070347.

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The measurement of the individual charged particles especially muons in an extended air shower (EAS) resulting from primary cosmic rays provides important distinguishing parameters to identify the chemical composition of the cosmic primary particles. For Neutrino Telescope experiments like Baikal-GVD, the estimation of underwater muon flux is of importance to study atmospheric muons. In this paper, a GEANT4-based simulation is presented to estimate the atmospheric muon flux underwater taking Baikal-GVD as an example. The location of the Baikal-GVD experiment at Lake Baikal provides a unique opportunity to study the passage of muons through its northern shore and the water. The muons arriving from the north direction will lose more energy as compared to those arriving from the south. An approximation for the northern shore is also simulated in the GEANT4 geometry and the results of the simulation are compared with the measurements from the NT-96 detector. The results of the simulations are consistent with the shore shadow observed in the measurements in the NT-96. This approach can also be used to propagate the muons from generators like CORSIKA through long distances in matter like water, ice, earth, etc. for simulations in such experiments.

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7

Chen, Changsheng, R. C. Beardsley, Song Hu, Qichun Xu e Huichan Lin. "Using MM5 to Hindcast the Ocean Surface Forcing Fields over the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank Region*". Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 22, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2005): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-1682.1.

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Abstract The fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) is applied to the Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank (GoM/GB) region. This model is configured with two numerical domains with horizontal resolutions of 30 and 10 km, respectively, and driven by the NCAR-Eta weather model through a nested grid approach. Comparison of model-computed winds, wind stress, and heat flux with in situ data collected on moored meteorological buoys in the western GoM and over GB in 1995 shows that during the passage of atmospheric fronts over this region, MM5 provides a reasonable prediction of wind speed but not wind direction, and provides a relatively accurate estimation of longwave radiation but overestimates sensible and latent fluxes. The nudging data assimilation approach with inclusion of in situ wind data significantly improves the accuracy of the predicted wind speed and direction. Incorporation of the Fairall et al. air–sea flux algorithms with inclusion of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-derived SST improves the accuracy of the predicted latent and sensible heat fluxes in the GoM/GB region for both stable and unstable weather conditions.

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8

Gutiérrez-Jiménez, Eugenio, Changsi Cai, Irene Klærke Mikkelsen, Peter Mondrup Rasmussen, Hugo Angleys, Mads Merrild, Kim Mouridsen et al. "Effect of electrical forepaw stimulation on capillary transit-time heterogeneity (CTH)". Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 36, n. 12 (21 luglio 2016): 2072–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x16631560.

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Functional hyperemia reduces oxygen extraction efficacy unless counteracted by a reduction of capillary transit-time heterogeneity of blood. We adapted a bolus tracking approach to capillary transit-time heterogeneity estimation for two-photon microscopy and then quantified changes in plasma mean transit time and capillary transit-time heterogeneity during forepaw stimulation in anesthetized mice (C57BL/6NTac). In addition, we analyzed transit time coefficient of variance = capillary transit-time heterogeneity/mean transit time, which we expect to remain constant in passive, compliant microvascular networks. Electrical forepaw stimulation reduced, both mean transit time (11.3% ± 1.3%) and capillary transit-time heterogeneity (24.1% ± 3.3%), consistent with earlier literature and model predictions. We observed a coefficient of variance reduction (14.3% ± 3.5%) during functional activation, especially for the arteriolar-to-venular passage. Such coefficient of variance reduction during functional activation suggests homogenization of capillary flows beyond that expected as a passive response to increased blood flow by other stimuli. This finding is consistent with an active neurocapillary coupling mechanism, for example via pericyte dilation. Mean transit time and capillary transit-time heterogeneity reductions were consistent with the relative change inferred from capillary hemodynamics (cell velocity and flux). Our findings support the important role of capillary transit-time heterogeneity in flow-metabolism coupling during functional activation.

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9

Stevenson, Ian H., Anil Cherian, Brian M. London, Nicholas A. Sachs, Eric Lindberg, Jacob Reimer, Marc W. Slutzky, Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos, Lee E. Miller e Konrad P. Kording. "Statistical assessment of the stability of neural movement representations". Journal of Neurophysiology 106, n. 2 (agosto 2011): 764–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00626.2010.

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In systems neuroscience, neural activity that represents movements or sensory stimuli is often characterized by spatial tuning curves that may change in response to training, attention, altered mechanics, or the passage of time. A vital step in determining whether tuning curves change is accounting for estimation uncertainty due to measurement noise. In this study, we address the issue of tuning curve stability using methods that take uncertainty directly into account. We analyze data recorded from neurons in primary motor cortex using chronically implanted, multielectrode arrays in four monkeys performing center-out reaching. With the use of simulations, we demonstrate that under typical experimental conditions, the effect of neuronal noise on estimated preferred direction can be quite large and is affected by both the amount of data and the modulation depth of the neurons. In experimental data, we find that after taking uncertainty into account using bootstrapping techniques, the majority of neurons appears to be very stable on a timescale of minutes to hours. Lastly, we introduce adaptive filtering methods to explicitly model dynamic tuning curves. In contrast to several previous findings suggesting that tuning curves may be in constant flux, we conclude that the neural representation of limb movement is, on average, quite stable and that impressions to the contrary may be largely the result of measurement noise.

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10

Villeneuve, Paul. "Le Québec et l’intégration continentale : un processus à plusieurs vitesses et à directions multiples". Cahiers de géographie du Québec 41, n. 114 (12 aprile 2005): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/022672ar.

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Les processus actuels d'intégration continentale en Amérique du Nord posent aux Québécois la question de leur appartenance territoriale. Historiquement, les géographes ont interprété la territorialité canadienne comme résultant des tensions entre deux champs d'interaction, l'un est-ouest, l'autre sud-nord. Selon la conjoncture, un des deux champs dominerait l'autre. L'article examine d'abord cette interprétation en explicitant la notion d'interaction spatiale. Ceci débouche sur une hypothèse empirique testée à l'aide de données préliminaires sur trois types d'interaction spatiale: les échanges de biens, les flux de passagers aériens et les images télévisuelles. Il appert que la continentalisation des champs d'interaction prend des formes différentes pour chaque type d'interaction, ce qui peut avoir des conséquences pour la territorialité québécoise.

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Villeneuve, Paul. "Canada, Québec, and North American Continental Integration". Recherche 39, n. 2-3 (12 aprile 2005): 393–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/057213ar.

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Une façon, maintenant classique, d'étudier l'évolution de la formation sociale canadienne consiste à voir celle-ci comme résultant de tensions entre deux champs d'interaction, l'un est-ouest, l'autre sud-nord. Depuis le milieu du XIX' siècle, la conjoncture géopolitique mondiale favorisa tantôt un champ, tantôt l'autre. Présentement, elle avantagerait surtout le développement des rapports sud-nord. Trois types d'interaction spatiale entre le Canada et les États-Unis sont considérés à la lumière de cette hypothèse générale. L'analyse de l'évolution des flux de marchandises, de passagers aériens et d'images télévisuelles permet de préciser certains aspects du processus d'intégration continentale qui a cours présentement en Amérique du Nord. Ce processus chaotique et multiforme peut avoir des effets imprévus sur les liens entre le Canada et le Québec.

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12

MANOLAKIS, DIMITRIS, MICHAEL ROSSACCI, ERIN O'DONNELL e FRANCIS M. D'AMICO. "SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS FOR STARING SINGLE PIXEL HYPERSPECTRAL SENSORS". International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 18, n. 03 (settembre 2008): 661–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156408005655.

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Remote sensing of chemical warfare agents (CWA) with stand-off hyperspectral sensors has a wide range of civilian and military applications. These sensors exploit the spectral changes in the ambient photon flux produced thermal emission or absorption after passage through a region containing the CWA cloud. In this work we focus on (a) staring single-pixel sensors that sample their field of view at regular intervals of time to produce a time series of spectra and (b) scanning single or multiple pixel sensors that sample their FOV as they scan. The main objective of signal processing algorithms is to determine if and when a CWA enters the FOV of the sensor. We shall first develop and evaluate algorithms for staring sensors following two different approaches. First, we will assume that no threat information is available and we design an adaptive anomaly detection algorithm to detect a statistically-significant change in the observed spectrum. The algorithm processes the observed spectra sequentially-in-time, estimates adaptively the background, and checks whether the next spectrum differs significantly from the background based on the Mahalanobis distance or the distance from the background subspace. In the second approach, we will assume that we know the spectral signature of the CWA and develop sequential-in-time adaptive matched filter detectors. In both cases, we assume that the sensor starts its operation before the release of the CWA; otherwise, staring at a nearby CWA-free area is required for background estimation. Experimental evaluation and comparison of the proposed algorithms is accomplished using data from a long-wave infrared (LWIR) Fourier transform spectrometer.

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Théry, Hervé, Daniel Dory e Thiago Oliveira Neto. "Rodovias na Amazônia: fluxos e transformações espaciais contemporâneas". Problèmes d'Amérique latine N° 125, n. 3 (16 maggio 2024): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pal.125.0033.

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Depuis les années 1960, l’Amazonie a subi diverses transformations spatiales causées par des interventions étatiques et privées, transformations qui ont complexifié le réseau urbain régional et créé des liens locaux, régionaux, internes et interrégionaux par la construction d’autoroutes, redessinant la configuration des flux en Amazonie. Dans ce contexte, cet article vise à mettre en évidence les transformations spatiales à l’échelle macro-régionale impliquant les routes, la circulation et le transport. Pour mener à bien cette recherche, des enquêtes bibliographiques et huit études de terrain approfondies ont été réalisées, couvrant plus de 21 000 kilomètres de routes amazoniennes entre 2019 et 2023. Après le travail de terrain, nous avons identifié des dynamiques pionnières actives, des articulations bimodales, une consolidation des routes avec des fronts pionniers actifs et un réseau complexe de circulation et de transport de passagers et de marchandises.

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Sun, Jielun, Steven K. Esbensen e L. Mahrt. "Estimation of Surface Heat Flux". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 52, n. 17 (settembre 1995): 3162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<3162:eoshf>2.0.co;2.

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Kudeki, E., e S. J. Franke. "Statistics of momentum flux estimation". Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 60, n. 16 (novembre 1998): 1549–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6826(98)00104-7.

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Aljehaimi, Akrem Mohamed, e Pragasen Pillay. "Novel Flux Linkage Estimation Algorithm for a Variable Flux PMSM". IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 54, n. 3 (maggio 2018): 2319–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2018.2794338.

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Geilfus, N. X., R. J. Galley, O. Crabeck, T. Papakyriakou, J. Landy, J. L. Tison e S. Rysgaard. "Inorganic carbon dynamics of melt pond-covered first year sea ice in the Canadian Arctic". Biogeosciences Discussions 11, n. 5 (23 maggio 2014): 7485–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-7485-2014.

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Abstract. Melt pond formation is a common feature of the spring and summer Arctic sea ice. However, the role of the melt ponds formation and the impact of the sea ice melt on both the direction and size of CO2 flux between air and sea is still unknown. Here we describe the CO2-carbonate chemistry of melting sea ice, melt ponds and the underlying seawater associated with measurement of CO2 fluxes across first year landfast sea ice in the Resolute Passage, Nunavut, in June 2012. Early in the melt season, the increase of the ice temperature and the subsequent decrease of the bulk ice salinity promote a strong decrease of the total alkalinity (TA), total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) within the bulk sea ice and the brine. Later on, melt pond formation affects both the bulk sea ice and the brine system. As melt ponds are formed from melted snow the in situ melt pond pCO2 is low (36 μatm). The percolation of this low pCO2 melt water into the sea ice matrix dilutes the brine resulting in a strong decrease of the in situ brine pCO2 (to 20 μatm). As melt ponds reach equilibrium with the atmosphere, their in situ pCO2 increase (up to 380 μatm) and the percolation of this high concentration pCO2 melt water increase the in situ brine pCO2 within the sea ice matrix. The low in situ pCO2 observed in brine and melt ponds results in CO2 fluxes of −0.04 to −5.4 mmol m–2 d–1. As melt ponds reach equilibrium with the atmosphere, the uptake becomes less significant. However, since melt ponds are continuously supplied by melt water their in situ pCO2 still remains low, promoting a continuous but moderate uptake of CO2 (~ −1mmol m–2 d–1). The potential uptake of atmospheric CO2 by melting sea ice during the Arctic summer has been estimated from 7 to 16 Tg of C ignoring the role of melt ponds. This additional uptake of CO2 associated to Arctic sea ice needs to be further explored and considered in the estimation of the Arctic Ocean's overall CO2 budget.

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Bennett, William B., Jingfeng Wang e Rafael L. Bras. "Estimation of Global Ground Heat Flux". Journal of Hydrometeorology 9, n. 4 (1 agosto 2008): 744–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jhm940.1.

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Abstract This study investigates the use of a previously published algorithm for estimating ground heat flux (GHF) at the global scale. The method is based on an analytical solution of the diffusion equation for heat transfer in a soil layer and has been shown to be effective at the point scale. The algorithm has several advantageous properties: 1) it only needs a single-level input of surface (skin) temperature, 2) the time-mean GHF can be derived directly from time-mean skin temperature, 3) it has reduced sensitivity to the variability in soil thermal properties and moisture, 4) it does not requires snow depth, and 5) it is computationally effective. A global map of the necessary thermal inertia parameter is derived using reanalysis data as a function of soil type. These parameter estimates are comparable to values obtained from in situ observations. The new global GHF estimates are generally consistent with the reanalysis GHF output simulated using two-layer soil hydrology models. The authors argue that the new algorithm is more robust and trustworthy in regions where they differ. The proposed algorithm offers potential benefits for direct assimilation of observations of surface temperature as well as GHF into the reanalysis models at various time scales.

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Li, Chunyan, Junli Li, Jianping Cheng, Zhen Wu, Lucheng Pei e Jiajin Fan. "Research of Point Flux Estimation Method". Nuclear Science and Engineering 159, n. 3 (luglio 2008): 284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse159-284.

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Alekseev, A. K. "On heat flux estimation from isotherms". International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 18, n. 4 (agosto 1997): 437–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-727x(97)00020-9.

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Minowa, Masahiro, Evgeny A. Podolskiy, Guillaume Jouvet, Yvo Weidmann, Daiki Sakakibara, Shun Tsutaki, Riccardo Genco e Shin Sugiyama. "Calving flux estimation from tsunami waves". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 515 (giugno 2019): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.03.023.

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Meyer, Philip D., e Glendon W. Gee. "Flux-Based Estimation of Field Capacity". Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 125, n. 7 (luglio 1999): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(1999)125:7(595).

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Mahrt, L., K. Kotwica, Jielun Sun, J. I. Macpherson e R. L. Desjardins. "Estimation of area-averaged moisture flux". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 124, n. 552 (ottobre 1998): 2793–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712455213.

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Mohebbi, Farzad. "Function Estimation in Inverse Heat Transfer Problems Based on Parameter Estimation Approach". Energies 13, n. 17 (26 agosto 2020): 4410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174410.

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A new sensitivity analysis scheme is presented based on explicit expressions for sensitivity coefficients to estimate timewise varying heat flux in heat conduction problems over irregular geometries using the transient readings of a single sensor. There is no prior information available on the functional form of the unknown heat flux; hence, the inverse problem is regarded as a function estimation problem and sensitivity and adjoint problems are involved in the solution of the inverse problem to recover the unknown heat flux. However, using the proposed sensitivity analysis scheme, one can compute all sensitivity coefficients explicitly in only one direct problem solution at each iteration without the need for solving the sensitivity and adjoint problems. In other words, the functional form of the unknown heat flux can be numerically estimated by using the parameter estimation approach. In this method, the irregular shape of heat-conducting body is meshed using the boundary-fitted grid generation (elliptic) method. Explicit expressions are given to compute the sensitivity coefficients efficiently and the steepest-descent method is used as the minimization method to minimize the objective function and reach the solution. Three test cases are presented to confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed inverse analysis.

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Singh, Bhoopendra, Shailendra Jain e Sanjeet Dwivedi. "Direct Torque Control Induction Motor Drive with Improved Flux Response". Advances in Power Electronics 2012 (10 settembre 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/764038.

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Accurate flux estimation and control of stator flux by the flux control loop is the determining factor in effective implementation of DTC algorithm. In this paper a comparison of voltage-model-based flux estimation techniques for flux response improvement is carried out. The effectiveness of these methods is judged on the basis of Root Mean Square Flux Error (RMSFE), Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of stator current, and dynamic flux response. The theoretical aspects of these methods are discussed and a comparative analysis is provided with emphasis on digital signal processor (DSP) based controller implementation. The effectiveness of the proposed flux estimation algorithm is investigated through simulation and experimentally validated on a test drive.

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Li, Zhanqing, H. G. Leighton, Kazuhiko Masuda e Tsutomu Takashima. "Estimation of SW Flux Absorbed at the Surface from TOA Reflected Flux". Journal of Climate 6, n. 2 (febbraio 1993): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<0317:eosfaa>2.0.co;2.

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Cheng, Siyuan, Haoze Wang e Yajie Jiang. "Improved Orthogonal Flux Corrector-based Rotor Flux Estimation in PMSM Sensorless Control". Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters 121 (2024): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierl24022801.

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Voglar, Jure. "BUBBLE ENERGY AND LATENT HEAT FLUX ESTIMATION". Heat Transfer Research 50, n. 1 (2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/heattransres.2018024370.

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Alekseev, A. K. "Freestream Parameter Estimation Using Heat Flux Measurements". AIAA Journal 35, n. 7 (luglio 1997): 1238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.227.

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Jelassi, Khaled, Najiba Bellaaj-Merabet e Bruno Dagues. "Estimation du flux par réseaux de neurones". Revue internationale de génie électrique 7, n. 1-2 (30 aprile 2004): 105–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rige.7.105-131.

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Verghese, G. C., e S. R. Sanders. "Observers for flux estimation in induction machines". IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 35, n. 1 (1988): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/41.3067.

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32

Belle, Gerard T. van, Michelle J. Creech-Eakman e Alma E. Ruiz-Velasco. "BOLOMETRIC FLUX ESTIMATION FOR COOL EVOLVED STARS". Astronomical Journal 152, n. 1 (21 giugno 2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/0004-6256/152/1/16.

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33

Müller, M., S. F. Green, N. McBride, D. Koschny, J. C. Zarnecki e M. S. Bentley. "Estimation of the dust flux near Mercury". Planetary and Space Science 50, n. 10-11 (agosto 2002): 1101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-0633(02)00048-x.

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34

Hakkaki-Fard, A., e F. Kowsary. "Heat Flux Estimation in a Charring Ablator". Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications 53, n. 5 (6 novembre 2007): 543–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10407780701678240.

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35

Dromms, Robert A., e Mark P. Styczynski. "Improved metabolite profile smoothing for flux estimation". Molecular BioSystems 11, n. 9 (2015): 2394–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5mb00165j.

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Abstract (sommario):

We develop several methods to improve the estimation of metabolite concentrations and accumulation fluxes from noisy time-course data, including use of a sigmoidal impulse function and a resampling-based approach.

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36

Alekseev, A. K. "Freestream parameter estimation using heat flux measurements". AIAA Journal 35 (gennaio 1997): 1238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.13658.

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37

Kumar, V. Sanjay, e Harish Balaga. "Rotor Flux Estimation of Induction Motor Using Artificial Neural Networks". Journal of Advance Research in Electrical & Electronics Engineering (ISSN: 2208-2395) 2, n. 11 (30 novembre 2015): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nneee.v2i11.174.

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Rotor flux measurement is needed for the control of induction motor by methods like field oriented control. But it is difficult tomeasure rotor flux in induction motors. Hence rotor flux is estimated by using neural networks in this paper. Rotor flux is simulated using model equations of induction motor and is compared with output of neural network.

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38

Wang, Yu, e Zhi Quan Deng. "A New Stator Flux Estimation Method for Direct Torque Control of Electrical Excitation Flux-Switching Generator". Applied Mechanics and Materials 619 (agosto 2014): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.619.292.

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The electrical excitation flux-switching (EEFS) machine, which exhibits advantages including high reliability, good flux regulation capability, bipolar flux linkage and sinusoidal back-EMF, is suitable for use as a generator in DC power systems. In this paper, a direct power control (DPC) scheme is investigated for voltage regulation of the EEFS generator in order to improve the dynamic performance. However, the stator flux estimation accuracy will affect torque control quality. Hence, a simple and practical stator flux estimation method, which only contains a second-order low pass (LP) filter, a high pass (HP) filter and a simple coordinate transformation module, is proposed for the DPC scheme of the EEFS generator. In this estimation method, the HP filter can completely filter out the DC drift in the back-EMF, and the leading phase produced by the second-order LP filter and HP filter can be compensated by the coordinate transformation module. Hence, at any synchronous angular frequency, the amplitude-frequency and phase frequency characteristics of the new estimation method are same as those of the pure integrator, while DC gain of this method is zero. The DPC scheme of the EEFS generator using this estimation method exhibits good dynamic performance, which is verified by experimental results.

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39

Zhang, Yanwu, James G. Bellingham e Yi Chao. "Error Analysis and Sampling Strategy Design for Using Fixed or Mobile Platforms to Estimate Ocean Flux". Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 27, n. 3 (1 marzo 2010): 481–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jtecho700.1.

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Abstract For estimating lateral flux in the ocean using fixed or mobile platforms, the authors present a method of analyzing the estimation error and designing the sampling strategy. When an array of moorings is used, spatial aliasing leads to an error in flux estimation. When an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is run, measurements along its course are made at different times. Such nonsynopticity in the measurements leads to an error in flux estimation. It is assumed that the temporal–spatial autocovariance function of the flux variable can be estimated from historical data or ocean models (as in this paper). Using the temporal–spatial autocovariance function of the flux variable, the mean-square error of the flux estimate by fixed or mobile platforms is derived. The method is used to understand the relative strengths of moorings and AUVs (assumed here to be able to maintain constant speed) under different scenarios of temporal and spatial variabilities. The flux estimate by moorings through trapezoidal approximation generally carries a bias that drops quadratically with the number of moorings. The authors also show that a larger number of slower AUVs may achieve a more accurate flux estimate than a smaller number of faster AUVs under the same cumulative speed, but the performance margin shrinks with the increase of the cumulative speed. Using the error analysis results, one can choose the type of platforms and optimize the sampling strategy under resource constraints. To verify the theoretical analysis, the authors run simulated surveys in synthesized ocean fields. The flux estimation errors agree very well with the analytical predictions. Using an ocean model dataset, the authors estimate the lateral heat flux across a section in Monterey Bay, California, and also compare the flux estimation errors with the analytical predictions.

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40

Shinnaka, Shinji. "New Sensorless Vector Control of Synchronous Reluctance Motors Through Estimation of Phase-Inclusion Flux by Generalized Flux Estimation Method". IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 139, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2019): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.139.83.

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41

Wesson, Karen H., Gabriel Katul e Chun-Ta Lai. "Sensible heat flux estimation by flux variance and half-order time derivative methods". Water Resources Research 37, n. 9 (settembre 2001): 2333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001wr900021.

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42

Utrata, Grzegorz, Jaroslaw Rolek e Andrzej Kaplon. "The Novel Rotor Flux Estimation Scheme Based on the Induction Motor Mathematical Model Including Rotor Deep-Bar Effect". Energies 12, n. 14 (12 luglio 2019): 2676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142676.

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Abstract (sommario):

During torque transients, rotor electromagnetic parameters of an induction motor (IM) vary due to the rotor deep-bar effect. The accurate representation of rotor electromagnetic parameter variability by an adopted IM mathematical model is crucial for a precise estimation of the rotor flux space vector. An imprecise estimation of the rotor flux phase angle leads to incorrect decoupling of electromagnetic torque control and rotor flux amplitude regulation which in turn, causes deterioration in field-oriented control of IM drives. Variability of rotor electromagnetic parameters resulting from the rotor deep-bar effect can be modeled by the IM mathematical model with rotor multi-loop representation. This paper presents a study leading to define the unique rotor flux space vector on the basis of the IM mathematical model with rotor two-terminal network representation. The novel rotor flux estimation scheme was validated with the laboratory test bench employing the IM of type Sg 132S-4 with two variants of rotor construction: a squirrel-cage rotor and a solid rotor manufactured from magnetic material S235JR. The accuracy verification of the rotor flux estimation was performed in a slip frequency range corresponding to the IM load adjustment range up to 1.30 of the stator rated current. This study proved the correct operation of the developed rotor flux estimation scheme and its robustness against electromagnetic parameter variability resulting from the rotor deep-bar effect in the considered slip frequency range.

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43

Vieira, Ricardo Augusto Mendonça, José Carlos Pereira, Pedro Antônio Muniz Malafaia, Augusto Cesar de Queiroz, Cláudio P. Jordão e André Luigi Gonçalves. "Simulação da dinâmica de nutrientes no trato gastrintestinal: aplicação e validação de um modelo matemático para bovinos a pasto". Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 29, n. 3 (giugno 2000): 898–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982000000300036.

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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi a validação das predições da dinâmica ruminal e pós-ruminal dos nutrientes e do crescimento microbiano no rúmen, usando as equações do sistema Cornell. O experimento foi realizado durante as estações chuvosa e seca do ano de 1996, em uma área de pastagem natural localizada no município de Viçosa (MG). Foram utilizados novilhos canulados no esôfago, rúmen e abomaso, durante dois períodos experimentais em cada estação, e usados indicadores externos (Cr2O3 e Eu) para estimativa do consumo e da taxa de passagem da digesta no rúmen. Foram determinados os fluxos de nitrogênio total e de nitrogênio bacteriano no abomaso, os carboidratos totais e estruturais digeridos no rúmen e os teores em nutrientes digeríveis totais. Estas variáveis também foram preditas a partir do modelo descrito no sistema Cornell, para validação de suas estimativas. Verificou-se que o modelo foi sensível às estimativas das taxas de passagem, superestimou (12,38%) o fluxo de nitrogênio bacteriano no abomaso e subestimou (70,64%) a disponibilidade ruminal dos carboidratos estruturais. O emprego da taxa de passagem de 0,02 h-1 no cálculo das estimativas resultou no aumento da superestimação do fluxo de N de origem bacteriana (28,66%), em virtude da maior degradação dos carboidratos estruturais, cuja estimativa permaneceu subestimada em 21,55%. A redução do consumo de matéria seca foi mais bem correlacionada aos teores de FDN indigerível que aos teores de FDN, devendo-se ressaltar que a capacidade diária de consumo desta fração foi de 0,6% do peso vivo e não diferiu entre estações.

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44

Kolpakhchyan, P. G., e D. V. Olkhovatov. "Sensorless control of the high-speed switched reluctance generator of the micro power plant". Vestnik of Don State Technical University 19, n. 4 (3 gennaio 2020): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/1992-5980-2019-19-4-357-365.

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Introduction. In the distributed and autonomous generation systems using renewable energy sources, low-power generating units (not more than 100-200 kW) based on microturbines function. Microturbines operate most efficiently at high rotational speeds. In this regard, the generator running with a microturbine must also be a high-speed one. A generator is a switched reluctance electric machine (EM) that needs information on the rotor position. It is difficult to use a position sensor in such mechanisms at high speeds. This paper discusses the issues of sensorless control of a high-speed switched reluctance electric generator in conjunction with a steam microturbine.Materials and Methods. So, it is required to evaluate the proof-of-principle developed to control a high-speed switched reluctance EM. For this purpose, a mathematical model has been created including models of the investigated EM, an electric power converter, and a control system. For the EM under consideration, the active resistance is determined, as well as the dependence of the phase flux linkage on the current flowing through it and the position of the moving element. The method used involves probing the idle phase of an electric machine with short voltage pulses of equal duration, and measuring the current in this phase. If the voltage pulse length is much shorter than the phase time constant, then the current pulse amplitude is inversely proportional to the inductance. Thus, registering the maximum current pulse amplitude, it is possible to determine the rotor passage through an uncoordinated position for the probed phase. This information is used to form control actions by other phases. Moreover, the length of the test voltage pulses, required to obtain current pulses sufficient for measuring the value, is of significance versus the duration of the pulsing time. Hence, with an increase in the rotational speed, the number of test pulses is insufficient for measuring the position with the accuracy required for the control goals. This reduces drastically the precision of determining the rotor position; therefore, at high speeds, the application of this method is limited without further refinement of the rotor position. In this case, to increase the precision of measurements, it is necessary to evaluate the rate of current rise when applying the basic voltage pulse or the voltage pulse rate forming the phase current before switching to a single-pulse control mode. Research Results. Two conclusions important for correcting the estimation of the rotor position in a single-pulse operation mode of a reluctance EM are proved. The first conclusion is on the efficiency of the proposed technique of filtering phase current measurement data, the second one concerns the applicability of the identified information criteria. The analysis results of the processes in the switched reluctance EM using sensorless control that implements the described principles for determining the rotor position are presented.Discussion and Conclusions. To correct the estimation of the rotor position, the following information criteria can be used: the presence of a pause between the excitation pulse and the start of the generation process; the decrease in current by the time the generation begins. To refine the estimate, the following fact can be used: on the generation interval, the current curve knee corresponding to the maximum phase inductance is observed at the same rotor position.

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Evans, A. J., C. P. Caulfield e Andrew W. Woods. "Linear estimation of flux sensitivity to uncertainty in porous media". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 768 (11 marzo 2015): 600–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.102.

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We derive an integral expression for the flux of a single-phase fluid through a porous medium with prescribed boundary conditions. Taking variations with respect to the parameters of a given permeability model yields an integral expression for the sensitivity of the flux. We then extend the method to consider linear changes in permeability. This yields a linearised flux expression which is independent of changes in the pressure field that result from the changes in the permeability. For demonstration purposes, we first consider an idealised layered porous medium with a point source and point sink. We show how the effects of changes in permeability are affected by the position of the source and sink relative to the layered structure as well as the layer height and orientation of the layered structure. The results demonstrate that, even in a simple porous system, flux estimates are sensitive to the way in which the permeability is represented. We derive relationships between the statistical moments of the flux and of the permeability parameters which are modelled as random variables. This allows us to estimate the number of permeability parameters that should be varied in a fully nonlinear calculation to determine the variance of the flux. We demonstrate application of the methods to permeability fields generated through fast Fourier transform and kriging methods. We show that the linear estimates for the variability in flux show good agreement with fully nonlinear calculations for sufficiently small standard deviations in the underlying permeability.

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46

Labovská, Zuzana, e Juraj Labovský. "Estimation of thermal effects on receptor from pool fires". Acta Chimica Slovaca 9, n. 2 (1 ottobre 2016): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acs-2016-0029.

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Abstract The aim of this contribution is to provide an overview of the calculation procedures of risk analysis, that is, the effects and consequences of pool fires. Fires and explosions are the most significant and most common causes of damage to equipment and of injuries and death in industry. Damages are a direct consequence of the generated heat flux. Mathematical tools for the prediction of heat flux at a distance can be divided into four classes: semi-empirical models, field models, integral models and zone models. Semi-empirical modeling is a relatively simple technique providing models predicting heat flux at a distance. There are two types of semi-empirical models: point source models and surface emitter models. By their nature, semi-empirical models depend strongly on experimental data. Correlations are able to describe the general features of a fire. Semi-empirical models are ideal for routine hazard assessment purposes because they are mathematically simple, and hence easily understood. However, if more models describing the same phenomenon are available, significant differences in the heat flux prediction can be expected. In this contribution, differences in the prediction of the heat flux from pool fires are discussed.

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47

STOJIC, D. M. "An Algorithm for Induction Motor Stator Flux Estimation". Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering 12, n. 3 (2012): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4316/aece.2012.03007.

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48

Pérez Bertolli, C., C. Sarmiento-Cano e H. Asorey. "MUON FLUX ESTIMATION IN THE ANDES UNDERGROUND LABORATORY". Anales AFA 32, n. 4 (15 gennaio 2022): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31527/analesafa.2021.32.4.106.

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The ANDES Underground Laboratory is being planned and designed to be one of the largest and most shielded laboratories in the Southern Hemisphere, which will be located in the Andes Range, in the area of the current Paso AguaNegra that connects the provinces of San Juan (Argentina) and Elqui (Chile). The diversity of experiments that are being planned, including experiments for the direct and indirect search of dark matter and neutrino precision physics, requires a precise knowledge of the flux of high-energy atmospheric muons within the laboratory. These are produced during the interaction of astroparticles with energies between 1012and 1018eV denominated of high and ultra-high energy with the Earth’s atmosphere. In the high-energy component, muons with energies of tens of TeV can be found, capable of passing through thousands of meters of rock. Previous estimates made from reasonable assumptions about the type of rock expected in the area showed that the expected muon flux was compatible with other underground laboratories at an equivalent depth. In this work, extensive atmospheric showers flux simulations were performed at the laboratory site. Afterwards, there was a selection of those muons with sufficient energy to reach the laboratory-based on their angle of incidence and the height at which they enter the mountain. Then a transfer function was modeled using the new geological studies currently available that allow us to have a detailed model of the rock distribution inside the mountain. Finally, the interaction of these muons with the different types of rock was calculated numerically along their way to the laboratory using the continuous slowdown approximation, thus obtaining that the expected muon flux within the laboratory is 1,47±0,02 day−1m−2sr−1

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49

Shen, Xin, e Hector Budman. "Set Membership Estimation with Dynamic Flux Balance Models". Processes 9, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2021): 1762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9101762.

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Dynamic flux balance models (DFBM) are used in this study to infer metabolite concentrations that are difficult to measure online. The concentrations are estimated based on few available measurements. To account for uncertainty in initial conditions the DFBM is converted into a variable structure system based on a multiparametric linear programming (mpLP) where different regions of the state space are described by correspondingly different state space models. Using this variable structure system, a special set membership-based estimation approach is proposed to estimate unmeasured concentrations from few available measurements. For unobservable concentrations, upper and lower bounds are estimated. The proposed set membership estimation was applied to batch fermentation of E. coli based on DFBM.

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50

Alekseev, A. K., e G. A. Pavlov. "Estimation of Entry Parameters from Heat Flux Measurements". Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 35, n. 4 (luglio 1998): 575–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.3370.

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