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1
Fuss, Diana J. "“Essentially Speaking”: Luce Irigaray's Language of Essence". Hypatia 3, n. 3 (1988): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1988.tb00189.x.
Abstract (sommario):
Luce Irigaray's fearlessness towards speaking the body has earned for her work the dismissive label “essentialist.” But Irigaray's Speculum de l'autre femme and Ce Sexe qui n'en est pas un suggest that essence may not be the unitary, monolithic, in short, essentialist category that anti-essentialists so often presume it to be. Irigaray strategically deploys essentialism for at least two reasons: first, to reverse and to displace Jacques Lacan's phallomorphism; and second, to expose the contradiction at the heart of Aristotelian metaphysics which denies women access to “Essence” while at the same time positing the essence of “Woman” precisely as non-essential (as matter).
2
Dennehy, Tara C. "Inherence is an aspect of psychological essentialism". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, n. 5 (ottobre 2014): 486–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13003695.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractInherence is not a distinct construct from psychological essentialism; it is one of several underlying beliefs. I propose that inherence is only one entry point to the perception of an essence and posit that context may influence which aspects of essentialist reasoning precede inferring an essence. I also discuss how psychological essentialism can uniquely account for violations of category-based expectancies.
3
Noyes, Alexander, e Frank C. Keil. "Generics designate kinds but not always essences". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, n. 41 (23 settembre 2019): 20354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900105116.
Abstract (sommario):
People believe that some categories are kinds with reliable causal structure and high inductive potential (e.g., tigers). Widely endorsed theories propose that people are biased to assume kinds are essential, and so naturally determined by internal causal properties. Generic language (e.g., “men like sports”) is 1 mechanism thought to evoke this bias. We propose instead that generics principally designate that categories are kinds. Participants can entertain diverse causal structures in the presence of generics: Hearing that biological properties generalize to a category (e.g., “men grow beards”) prompts participants to infer essential structure, but hearing neutral or social properties (“women are underpaid”) generalized prompts other causal beliefs. Thus, generics induce essentialism only in interaction with cues that reasonably prompt essentialist explanation. We tested our model with adult participants (n = 739 total), using measures that disentangle essentialist beliefs from kind beliefs. In study 1, we replicate prior methods with our new measures, and find that generics influence kind beliefs more than essentialism. In study 2, we vary property content (biological vs. cultural properties), and show that generics only increase essentialism when paired with biological properties. In study 3, we show that generics designate kinds but not essentialism when neutral properties are used across animals, tools, and people. In study 4, we show that believing a category is a kind increases the spontaneous production of generic statements, regardless of whether the kind is essential or socially constructed. Generics do not necessitate essentialist beliefs. Participants were flexible in their reasoning about kinds.
4
TSUKAMOTO, Saori, Nobuko ASAI e Minoru KARASAWA. "Measuring essentialist beliefs about an ethnic category". Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 77 (19 settembre 2013): 1EV—018–1EV—018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.77.0_1ev-018.
5
Ribeiro, Fernando Rosa. "Coloured and the stoppage of a racial mediation in South Africa". Revista de Antropologia 38, n. 1 (18 giugno 1995): 49–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1678-9857.ra.1995.111435.
Abstract (sommario):
Coloured as a racial calegory in Soulh Africa stands for a residual element that subverts and potentially threatens the essentialist system of race classification. Differently to Brazil, where mestiço was conceived as the point at which the racial system would be transcended through the ideology of "whitening", coloured (mestiços counterpart in South Africa) was everything the essentialist system could not classify. Instead of being the foundation of nationality as mestiço in Brazil , in South Africa coloured became a compartmentalized category justas "white" and "black". However, essentialist classification cannot deal satisfactorily with that category, for coloured can potentially subvert the whole system of classification. This article attempts to show the meaning of the category in present times as well as its origin in the colonial period.
6
Lipourli, Eleni, e Antonis Gardikiotis. "Representations of refugees: Linguistic abstractness and social perceptions". Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society 28, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2023): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.31922.
Abstract (sommario):
The paper examines the relationship among stereotype content, essentialism, and preferred language abstraction in refugee media representations. In two studies, participants were asked to choose captions of differential degree of language abstraction (according to the linguistic category model, from descriptive action verbs to adjectives) thought appropriate for an image of refugees, after they first completed a survey on stereotype content (perceived competence and warmth) and essentialist beliefs (Study 2 only) about refugees. In both studies, perceived competence predicted increased language abstraction. In Study 2, competence was also found to mediate the effects of essentialism on language abstraction. These results underline the importance of stereotype content to biased language preference.
7
Lang, Sabine. "Geschlechterforschung, Postmoderne und die Wissenschaft von der Politik". PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 24, n. 97 (1 dicembre 1994): 643–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v24i97.983.
Abstract (sommario):
Gender Studies have only just started to establish themselves in Political Science. Nevertheless, a paradigm debatecan already be anticipated between anti-essentialist and deconstructive/post-modern approaches and theory formation. The category »Gendern is a central point of conflict as an analytical unit of reference. Which explanatory power can the category claim for the production, reproduction and legitimization of gender dominance in the political process?
8
Fredriksen, Paula. "What Does It Mean to See Paul “within Judaism”?" Journal of Biblical Literature 141, n. 2 (15 giugno 2022): 359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15699/jbl.1412.2022.9.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract What happens if we think of “Jewish law” not as a category of Christian theology but as an element of ancient kinship construction, “ancestral custom” (Gal 1:14)? We will see more clearly how much late Second Temple Judaism shared with contemporary Mediterranean cultures. We will see how ancient ethnic essentialism—the conviction that different peoples evinced different behaviors because of their very “nature” (ϕύσις)—shapes Paul’s thought about gentiles no less than it shaped Greek thought about Persians, or Roman thought about Greeks. We will see how Jewish law provided not the contrast to Paul’s gospel but in fact much of its content. We will see that there is no reason to assume that Paul stopped living Jewishly (Ἰουδαϊκῶς) just because he wanted gentiles to stop living “paganly” (ἐθνικῶς). We will let Paul reside coherently in a world radically different from our own—the ethnically essentialist, behaviorally variegated, god-congested world of first-century Jewishness.
9
Courtney, Steven J. "Inadvertently queer school leadership amongst lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) school leaders". Organization 21, n. 3 (28 aprile 2014): 383–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508413519762.
Abstract (sommario):
Lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB) school leaders may understand these sexual identities as essentialist categories and present lived experiences resistant to the identity category-troubling tenets of queer theory, whose application in queer empirical research can nonetheless provide important insights into leaders’ identity, practices and power. In this article, I focus on reconciling this conceptual tension to produce an empirical account of inadvertently queer school leadership in England. The article uses queer theory to re-interpret findings from a study of five LGB school leaders to show that despite perceiving sexual identity in an essentialist way, these LGB school leaders sexually embody inadvertently queer school leadership. They trouble gender norms and conceptualizations of ‘leader’ through non-normative sexual embodiment; suggest queer identities for others; and challenge heteronormativity’s institutional foundations and other processes of normalization.
10
Roustan, Frédéric. "Mousmés and French Colonial Culture". Journal of Vietnamese Studies 7, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2012): 52–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2012.7.1.52.
Abstract (sommario):
The presence of Japanese prostitutes in French colonial Tonkin started around the middle of the 1880s. That colonial culture enclosed these girls within the category of the mousmé. This article analyzes the discourses and activities of several actors inside the colony who participated in the refinement of this essentialist category in order to understand the symbolic commodification of Japanese women's bodies. Once they were released onto the prostitution market, Japanese women were classified and marked by the representations of male colonial society, which constructed all facets of these women, from their moral qualities to their visibility.
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Jon, Ihnji. "Reframing postmodern planning with feminist social theory: Toward “anti-essentialist norms”". Planning Theory 19, n. 2 (29 maggio 2019): 147–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473095219851214.
Abstract (sommario):
This article is concerned with the current developments in planning theory literature, with regard to its extensive focus on flexibility and process. When emphasizing the open-endedness and procedural validity of planning, planning theorists do not seem to consider ethical considerations about the results of planning outcomes. This is understandable given that postmodernism and its ardent defense of “open-endedness” is often considered to contradict any prescriptive nuances. However, I argue that normativity of planning is possible within the postmodern paradigm and that postmodern concepts and theoretical standpoints can propose a basis for normativity. To demonstrate this, I adopt the works of political theorists who have addressed normativity and political solidarity within the postmodern paradigm (anti-essentialist, anti-Cartesian), most of whom are inspired by the future paths of feminism. To be clear, what I refer as “feminism” is about not only defending the status of women as a legal category, but also how to construct political solidarity against inequalities—without essentialist categorizations or a priori conceptualizations. Using the ideas of Young (second-/third-wave feminism), Laclau and Mouffe (post-Marxism), Mouffe (post-Marxism/third-wave feminism), and Butler (third-wave feminism/body politics), I outline what could be considered “anti-essentialist norms.” Based on these norms, a planner can judge which people and whose voices—which social groups or “serial collectives”—should be prioritized and heard first, in order to promote a more inclusive and just urban space. The three anti-essentialist norms that I propose are (1) taking into account the historicity of social relations, (2) having a modest attitude toward what we claim as the representation of “the public,” and (3) recognizing a human interdependency that leads to pursuing future-orientedness in a political project.
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Sanos, Sandrine. "Interrupting “The Sadist’s Gaze”". History of the Present 11, n. 2 (1 ottobre 2021): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/21599785-9015306.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract This article proposes that returning Denise Riley’s work on (and troubling of) the category of “women” offers a feminist theorizing and politics that remains both critical and relevant to the political present. It argues that reading Riley again, alongside other anti-essentialist feminist thinkers, reveals the distinctiveness, force, and capaciousness of her project, which lay in her attention to historicity, form, language, and affect. It is precisely the poetics of Riley’s feminist thought that sustain the critical orientation that must animate feminism’s utopian desires.
13
Diesendruck, Gil, e Susan A. Gelman. "Domain differences in absolute judgments of category membership: Evidence for an essentialist account of categorization". Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 6, n. 2 (giugno 1999): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03212339.
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Ayaz Naseem, Muhammad, e Georg Stöber. "Textbooks, Identity Politics, and Lines of Conflict in South Asia". Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 6, n. 2 (1 settembre 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2014.060201.
Abstract (sommario):
The concept of identity has evolved from an essentialist notion of a dominant group (which largely disregards the existence of plural identities or “patchwork identities” and their contextuality)2 into a notion that recognizes the discursive and fluid constitution of identities that are “constantly in the process of change and transformation.”3 Beyond academic debate about definitions, identity remains a relevant category in politics and society. Identity politics mobilize followers and supporters and may foster nation building. They are seldom unchallenged, for different discourses of identity often struggle for supremacy.
15
Noyes, Alexander, e Frank C. Keil. "There is no privileged link between kinds and essences early in development". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, n. 20 (4 maggio 2020): 10633–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003627117.
Abstract (sommario):
According to the dominant view of category representation, people preferentially infer that kinds (richly structured categories) reflect essences. Generic language (“Boys like blue”) often occupies the central role in accounts of the formation of essentialist interpretations—especially in the context of social categories. In a preregistered study (n = 240 American children, ages 4 to 9 y), we tested whether children assume essences in the presence of generic language or whether they flexibly assume diverse causal structures. Children learned about a novel social category described with generic statements containing either biological properties or cultural properties. Although generic language always led children to believe that properties were nonaccidental, young children (4 or 5 y) in this sample inferred the nonaccidental structure was socialization. Older children (6 to 9 y) flexibly interpreted the category as essential or socialized depending on the type of properties that generalized. We uncovered early-emerging flexibility and no privileged link between kinds and essences.
16
Herman, Jonathan R. "The Spiritual Illusion". Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 26, n. 2 (6 maggio 2014): 159–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700682-12341264.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThis article takes constructive steps toward redescribing an emic folk category that enjoys widespread use in contemporary Western discourse, but has proven problematic for the academic study of religion. On close examination, the term “spirituality” is demonstrated to be vague, essentialist, and narcissistic, though consistent enough in its usage to reveal a cluster of specific associations, assumptions, and normative judgments. Moreover, the purported dichotomy between “spirituality” and “religion” can be rendered more intelligible through an ironic and imaginative juxtaposition with the contrast between male and female reproduction organs, with regard to physical appearance and location, social dynamics, and ethical implications.
17
Robinson, Hilary. "Irish/woman/artwork: Selective Readings". Feminist Review 50, n. 1 (luglio 1995): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/fr.1995.24.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper concentrates upon particular artworks from Irish women artists. It demonstrates that there are certain themes which recur in their artwork. These include dislocation, particularities about place and contestation around language, all of which are rooted in the lived experience of being Irish, being female and being an artist. At the same time the paper provides readings of this artwork which demonstrate that these experiences are diverse, and that the areas of representation within which the artists are working are socially produced constructs. There is therefore no romantic essentialist category of ‘Irish woman artist’, but rather the richly interplaying histories, readings and contexts of Irish/woman/artwork.
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Van der Linden, Martial, e Anne-Claude Juillerat Van der Linden. "A life-course and multifactorial approach to Alzheimer’s disease: Implications for research, clinical assessment and intervention practices". Dementia 17, n. 7 (27 giugno 2016): 880–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301216657270.
Abstract (sommario):
According to the dominant biomedical view, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has a precise, necessary and unifying neurobiological cause, which distinguishes it from other neurodegenerative diseases and normal ageing. However, different types of evidence specifically lead to questioning the foundations of this essentialist and category-based approach to AD. It seems more and more evident that AD represents a heterogeneous state, determined by multiple factors and mechanisms that interact and intervene throughout life. This other way of conceiving AD not only requires a change of research objectives, but also a profound modification of clinical assessment and intervention practices. It also appeals to follow the path of prevention.
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Lazda, Mara. "Negotiating gendered transnationalism and nationalism in post-socialist Latvia". Nationalities Papers 46, n. 3 (maggio 2018): 422–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2017.1354835.
Abstract (sommario):
This article examines how gender equality activists in postsocialist Latvia negotiate national and transnational frameworks in their campaigns. The case study for this analysis is the 15-year evolution of one gender equality non-governmental organization (NGO), the Resource Center for Women, Marta, in Riga. RCW Malta's work has resulted in significant steps in policy reform and broader social awareness regarding questions of gender equality. In doing so, it bridges essentialist, patriarchal conceptions of the Latvian nation-state and a transnational European feminist narrative. The experience of RCW Marta affirms the continued relevance of the nation, though a redefined one, within transnationalism, which in turn contributes to a rethinking of post-socialism as a spatial and analytic category.
20
Wilcox, Lauren. "Embodying algorithmic war: Gender, race, and the posthuman in drone warfare". Security Dialogue 48, n. 1 (21 settembre 2016): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010616657947.
Abstract (sommario):
Through a discussion of drone warfare, and in particular the massacre of 23 people in the Uruzgan province in Afghanistan in 2010, I argue that drone warfare is both embodied and embodying. Drawing from posthuman feminist theorists such as Donna Haraway and N Katherine Hayles, I understand the turn toward data and machine intelligence not as an other-than-human process of decisionmaking that deprives humans of sovereignty, but as a form of embodiment that reworks and undermines essentialist notions of culture and nature, biology and technology. Through the intermediation of algorithmic, visual, and affective modes of embodiment, drone warfare reproduces gendered and racialized bodies that enable a necropolitics of massacre. Finally, the category of gender demonstrates a flaw in the supposed perfectibility of the algorithm in removing issues of identity or prejudice from security practices, as well as the perceptions of drone assemblages as comprising sublime technologies of perfect analysis and vision. Gender as both a mode of embodiment and a category of analysis is not removed by algorithmic war, but rather is put into the service of the violence it enables.
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Hayoun, Shaul. "The semio-logic of financial accounting". Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 31, n. 7 (17 settembre 2018): 2055–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-06-2017-2977.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the discussion on the non-essence of accounting by focusing on financial accounting’s distinct technology: financial statements. Complementing the genealogical perspective on accounting’s changing socio-historical settings, it proposes a semiotic perspective on the accounting statement. Design/methodology/approach The paper takes an interdisciplinary approach in the theoretical framing of IFRS recognition and measurement principles that underlie the statement of financial position. It mobilises Saussure and Barthes’ sign theory – semiology, as it provides a meaningful delineation of financial accounting, bringing out its distinct numerical-linguistic knowledge-construction operation. Findings In addition to the justification of employing semiology as a parent discipline for accounting, it is shown how IASB’s recognition and measurement procedures manifest the interrelated non-essentialist semiological principles of reciprocal articulation and value constellation. Accounting entries (“expression”) are not representations of pre-existing economic resources (“content”), but rather both are mutually constituted by delimiting the resource/asset from its broader category. Such judgment-based articulation results with value constellations, where asset value is merely a relational product of other values. Originality/value To the long-established critique that accounting has no essence, the paper adds a formulation of a non-essentialist semiotic logic: the financial statement’s semio-logic. It further sheds light on the role of such logic as an epistemological presupposition to the accounting – society reciprocity, where accounting is a malleable product of, and is used to exert power over, its social surroundings.
22
Woodward, Alexandra. "investigation into the representation of women on ‘intimate wellness’ websites". Gender and Language 17, n. 2 (25 luglio 2023): 174–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/genl.22877.
Abstract (sommario):
‘Intimate wellness’ is an offshoot of the wellness industry in which brands promote products to women for the practice of vulval and vaginal self-care. This niche, but growing, consumer category is worthy of feminist research as it is concerned with health, beauty and the contemporary trend of destigmatising female genitalia. This research explores the representation of women in a corpus of intimate wellness websites by examining the agency and associated processes of the participants. It identifies the coexistence of conflicting discourses: essentialist feminism, neoliberal postfeminism and patriarchal tradition. Through new concepts, termed ‘assisted agency’ and ‘assisted processes’, this study illuminates the represented relationship between female consumers and female brand personae. Ultimately, it finds that these websites represent women as (potentially) agentful but not autonomous, constructing the idea that female empowerment is contingent on consumption.
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Deta, Krisharyanto Umbu. "Deconstructing the Dichotomy of Agama and Kepercayaan: A Transformative Strategy in the Politic of Recognition towards Marapu Indigenous Religion". Religió: Jurnal Studi Agama-agama 12, n. 1 (13 marzo 2022): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/religio.v12i1.1863.
Abstract (sommario):
The category of agama is mainly referred to the six recognized world religions in Indonesia while kepercayaan is a general terminology that is used to accommodate the Indonesian indigenous religions. The indigenous religions are excluded from the category because agama has been perceived in a very essentialist way making it being differentiated. Recently, the Constitutional Court Decision in 2017 allowing indigenous religions to put their religious identity in their ID Card has been considered as the most progressive changes in the politics of religion in Indonesia. In that regard, this work will deconstruct the problematic dichotomy as a form of transformative strategy for gaining recognition. This research uses Nancy Fraser and Kristian Stokke’s frameworks of the problem of misrecognition and its affirmative and transformative remedies as the main theoretical frameworks. This research found that what has been done mostly so far in the effort of gaining recognition is arguably a part of affirmative strategy. By examining the specific case of the Marapu community, this work would also have significance to the Indonesian indigenous religions in general whose problem of recognition is also rooted in the dichotomy.
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Lindgren, Björn. "The Internal Dynamics of Ethnicity: Clan Names, Origins and Castes in Southern Zimbabwe". Africa 74, n. 2 (maggio 2004): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2004.74.2.173.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractSince the late 1960s, researchers have primarily regarded ethnicity as the result of increasing international relations, and thus often as a comparative phenomenon. Although this research has been immensely important for its critique of essentialist notions of ethnicity, analyses of the historically formed specificity of ethnicity have been somewhat neglected. In this article, using an example from Zimbabwe, the author highlights the internal dynamics of ethnicity. The article shows how people in southern Zimbabwe use various clan names, origins, and ‘castes’ in a practice of naming, and how this practice breaks the category Ndebele into parts. The author argues that instead of studying ethnic categories as unbreakable wholes, focusing on smaller units of analysis gives a more complex picture of ethnicity. This view challenges some more or less established truths on ethnicity deduced from comparative studies.
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Prentice, Deborah A., e Dale T. Miller. "Psychological Essentialism of Human Categories". Current Directions in Psychological Science 16, n. 4 (agosto 2007): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00504.x.
Abstract (sommario):
Psychological essentialism is an ordinary mode of category representation that has powerful social-psychological consequences. This article reviews those consequences, with a focus on the distinctive ways people perceive, evaluate, and interact with members of human categories they essentialize. Why and when people engage in this mode of thinking remain open questions. Variability in essentialism across cultures, categories, and contexts suggests that this mode of representing human categories is rooted in a naturalistic theory of category origins, combined with a need to explain differences that cross category boundaries.
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Gravenor, Natalie. "Post-Modern, Post-National, Post-Gender? Suggestions for a Consideration of Gender Identities in the Visual Artworks and Moving Images of Neue Slowenische Kunst". Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies 14, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2017): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausfm-2017-0008.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Active since 1980, the multidisciplinary Slovenian art collective Neue Slowenische Kunst (NSK, New Slovenian Art) and its branches, the fine arts group IRWIN, industrial music band Laibach and theatre troupe Gledališče Sester Scipion Nasice (The Scipion Nasice Sisters Theatre), have seen their works widely and often controversially discussed, most often in the context of subversion and over affirmation of totalitarian imagery, as well as the contemporary nation-state and nationalism. Gender, as another often essentialist category, has not figured prominently in the analysis of NSK’s output and impact. This paper proposes some areas (participation, representation) for investigation, as well as points of departure for a theoretical framework starting with key texts on gender by Judith Butler and R. W. Connell to analyse the moving images, performing and fine art produced within NSK in terms of the role gender plays therein, as well as its relationship to the construction of other defining categories such as nation and class.
27
Sharafutdinova, Gulnaz. "Was There a “Simple Soviet” Person? Debating the Politics and Sociology of “Homo Sovieticus”". Slavic Review 78, n. 01 (2019): 173–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2019.13.
Abstract (sommario):
Intellectual efforts to understand post-Crimean Russian society have brought to prominence explanations that emphasize psychological and attitudinal legacies of Soviet society. The recent revival of the term homo sovieticus (or Soviet man) in the media and intellectual discourse is a good illustration of this trend. Yurii Levada's late-Soviet sociological research project on the “simple Soviet man” serves as a frequent reference point in these discussions. In this article, I explore the ideological and analytical foundations of the Levada project and juxtapose the sociological construct developed by Levada and his team with the interpretative approach developed by Natalya Kozlova, another Soviet scholar who dedicated her life to studying Soviet society. I argue that essentialist and deterministic views of individual personality underpinning the Levada project that guide the current use of the Soviet man category are more politically and ideologically driven rather than being based on the state of the art in social psychology.
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Kasperski, Edward. "The Beginnings of Polish Comparative Literature. The Early Paradigm by Edward Kasperski". Tekstualia 1, n. 56 (21 luglio 2019): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3279.
Abstract (sommario):
The article discusses the early paradigm of Polish comparative literature, as well as the conditions of its introduction. A survey of the practices of writers such as Ludwik Osiński, Adam Mickiewicz, Cyprian Norwid, Kazimierz Brodziński, Maurycy Mochnacki, shows that this paradigm was characterized by: 1) pluralism, 2) a search for explanatory constructs that are indicative of the unity of literature, culture, and civilization in the face of common empiricism and sensual observation, 3) references to imagination, invention, intuition, and „sensing”, which freely interconnect with rational cognitive activity, 4) the comparative method, 5) the community-based categories, 6) the issues of identity-based thinking (essentialist and realistic when it comes to the perception of universals), 7) concentration on the issues of emulation (similarity and repetition) and originality (difference), which polemically evokes the classics, 8) totalizing thinking, 9) the category of nationality, 10) transgressiveness. The article is a posthumous publication and has been submitted to print by Żaneta Nalewajk.
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Nalewajk, Żaneta. "The Beginnings of Polish Comparative Literature. The Early Paradigm by Edward Kasperski". Tekstualia 1, n. 56 (21 luglio 2019): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3283.
Abstract (sommario):
The article discusses the early paradigm of Polish comparative literature, as well as the conditions of its introduction. A survey of the practices of writers such as Ludwik Osiński, Adam Mickiewicz, Cyprian Norwid, Kazimierz Brodziński, Maurycy Mochnacki, shows that this paradigm was characterized by: 1) pluralism, 2) a search for explanatory constructs that are indicative of the unity of literature, culture, and civilization in the face of common empiricism and sensual observation, 3) references to imagination, invention, intuition, and „sensing”, which freely interconnect with rational cognitive activity, 4) the comparative method, 5) the community-based categories, 6) the issues of identity-based thinking (essentialist and realistic when it comes to the perception of universals), 7) concentration on the issues of emulation (similarity and repetition) and originality (difference), which polemically evokes the classics, 8) totalizing thinking, 9) the category of nationality, 10) transgressiveness. The article is a posthumous publication and has been submitted to print by Żaneta Nalewajk.
30
Manikas, Miltiadis, Ioannis Leonardos, Konstantinos Sotiropoulos e Katerina Plakitsi. "The species problem in evolution education". Journal of Mathematics and Science Teacher 3, n. 1 (26 marzo 2023): em035. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/mathsciteacher/13120.
Abstract (sommario):
An issue that might concern the species problem is the understanding and acceptance of evolution by students. The reason is that some of the modern concepts, which have been developed to define the species category, do not fit the evolutionary theory. In addition, some other concepts are simply criteria for the delimitation of species taxa. In particular, the biological and morphological species concepts, which are present in every textbook and are used almost exclusively in the teaching of evolution, can intensify students’ essentialist perceptions. However, these perceptions could be effectively dealt with the development of the species problem and the nature of species taxa in the classroom, and also the treatment of species as one more level of organization of biological systems during teaching process. This approach is employed in a lesson with a view to contributing to the structure of a fully developed conceptual framework by the students in order to understand the evolution.
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Faria, Rodrigo Arthuso Arantes. "Indigenous Peoples and Criminal Justice". Journal of Legal Anthropology 7, n. 1 (1 giugno 2023): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jla.2023.070103.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract In this article, I draw on the specific case studies of the Xakriabá people and the Judicial District of Manga, and the Maxakali people and the Judicial District of Águas Formosas, both located in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. I examine how criminal justice officials apply dominant concepts of indigeneity in these regional contexts, showing how they arbitrarily construct and deploy the category of Indigenous person based on essentialist assumptions of indigeneity that ignore Indigenous peoples’ self-identification as such. This adds to scholarship on how indigeneity is institutionally conceived and applied within the justice system in ways that contrast with Indigenous notions of it and aim to deny Indigenous persons recognition in legal processes. By providing specific accounts of how Indigenous defendants are treated in the justice system and experience loss of rights, I consider the professional practices of state officials within the broader framework of Brazilian indigenist policies.
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Reeves, Camden. "COMPOSITION, RESEARCH AND PSEUDO-SCIENCE: A RESPONSE TO JOHN CROFT". Tempo 70, n. 275 (7 dicembre 2015): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298215000625.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractJohn Croft's ‘Composition is Not Research’ (TEMPO Vol. 69, No. 272 (2015), pp. 6–11) argues that, ‘the very idea that musical composition is a form of research is a category error’ (p. 6). My response argues that Croft's analysis is borne of a widespread, misguided and essentialist attempt to reduce all research to the paradigm of scientific method, and that he accepts this paradigm uncritically. Whilst asserting that ‘composition is research’ does not entail a category mistake (as the whole point about research is that it is not delimited in any way), assuming that all research must be reducible to the scientific paradigm of method does entail the requisite reification to constitute such a mistake. The imposition of this reductionist paradigm has a distorting impact on the Humanities more generally and, whilst these distortions are particularly acute with musical composition, that is no reason to single it out for persecution. I argue that where the tenets of scientific method are adopted outside of science, this constitutes, more often than not, superficial pseudo-science (or scientism), whereby the tenets of scientific method are fetishized and applied divorced from the complete scientific method and scientific objectives. I conclude that the Humanities would do better to develop its own paradigms – paradigms that are better suited and intrinsic to its respective disciplines.
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Maimunah, Maimunah. "Representasi Homoseksualitas dalam Film Indonesia Kontemporer". ATAVISME 10, n. 1 (29 giugno 2007): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24257/atavisme.v10i1.231.59-73.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper examines the emergence of non-normative sexual orientations in contemporary Indonesian films. Unlike the representation of sexuality in New Order Indonesian films, which centred on the female reproductive role and presented the nation as constructed of heterosexual families rather than individual citizens, a number of 200()s Indonesian films can be seen as negotiations of new understandings of sexual diversity and individual subjectivity. These films represent a challenge to monolithic and essentialist constructions of sexuality in Indonesia, and portray characters and situations in ways that seem to fulfil the five selection criteria which Griffin and Benshoff (2006) apply to the definition of 'queer' cinema. As such, they are indicative of a paradigm shift in Indonesian cinema, which needs to be studied in association with broader patterns of social and political change. The paper describes three categories in the representation of sexual minorities in contemporary Indonesian films. The first category is represented by films such as Arisanl and , Gie, which portray characters and situations deal with male homosexual subjectivity or homoeroticism. The second category concerns films of this type that portray female characters, such as Detik Terakhirand TentangDia. In the third category are films which depict waria (male to female transgender characters) and transsexuals, represented by Panggil Aku Puspa and Realita Cinta dan Rock n Roll. The paper examines these films in the light of Boellstorff's (2005) study of gay and lesbi communities and subjectivities in Indonesia, as a way of situating them in a larger cultural picture. It suggests that the makers of these films are attempting to change the perception of their audiences about non-normative sexualities, and investigates the strategic devices used by the film makers to subvert censorship codes and social taboos in a country where homosexual behaviour is accommodated, but homosexual identities remain outside the range of socially and culturally-sanctioned subjectivities.
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Hermeto, João Romeiro. "Towards a critique on intellectual property". Revista Katálysis 23, n. 3 (dicembre 2020): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-02592020v23n3p399.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract In order to understand the essence of digital and virtual world relations and their outcomes, as they gain more social relevance in contemporary society, this paper investigates the category of intellectual property not from the prism of the law but rather on philosophical terms. Such philosophical analysis is based on immanent critique. The starting point is the axiomatic notion of modern capitalism, where the categories of property and intellectual property are regarded as two separated entities. Hegel’s philosophy of law enables an important reflection on these two categories since, already in its method, it apprehends the contradictions of bourgeoisie society. Accordingly, contrasting reality and Hegel’s understanding, a conflict arises within the notion of intellectual property and its praxis under the rule of law. The state appears as a necessity to guarantee and mediate an immanent conflict that arises from the privatization of intellectual property. As an insoluble problem that emerges within such praxis, the present analysis offers an alternative to the paradigm of a split between property and intellectual property. Based on Lukács’ non-essentialist-ontology of the social-being, intellectual property is explained through the prisms of labour and cultural development of human thought.
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Gazit, Orit. "Van Gennep Meets Ontological (In)Security: A Processual Approach to Ontological Security in Migration". International Studies Review 21, n. 4 (21 giugno 2018): 572–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isr/viy049.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThis article utilizes van Gennep's neglected theory of territorial passages to answer two key questions in the study of ontological security (OS) in migration. First, why do the members of the receiving society lose their perceived sense of OS in face of a mass of strangers arriving at their gates? Second, how, if at all, do they attempt to reconstitute it while incorporating the strangers into their world? Following the recent call within OS studies in international relations (IR) to spell out the social mechanisms that facilitate the anxiety and uncertainty of the agents, I use the case of the German societal response to the 2015 refugee crisis to demonstrate that van Gennep's classical approach, far from being structural and functionalist, offers an advanced, power-informed, and processual perspective for uncovering a possible sociosymbolic mechanism behind the perceived “losing” and “re-finding” of OS in migratory encounters. The article delineates the principles of a “thick” approach to OS in migration, explains how van Gennep's theory adds to this approach, and highlights the ultimate unattainability of OS as an essentialist category that is either “present” or “absent” throughout the migratory encounter. It concludes by discussing the added value of van Gennep's theory to the study of OS in the contemporary global milieu of the “age of migration.”
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Sardo, Stefania, Beniamino Callegari e Bisrat A. Misganaw. "Everything and nothing: A critical review of the “social” in Innovation and Entrepreneurship studies". NOvation - Critical Studies of Innovation, n. 4 (18 maggio 2023): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/nocsi.v0i4.91114.
Abstract (sommario):
Over the past two decades we have witnessed growing academic and policy interest in phenomena such as social innovation and social entrepreneurship. In these instances, the “social” element has often been described as a new or rediscovered category, indicating a normative predisposition to “elevate” existing or emerging innovation and entrepreneurship processes by identifying and promoting socially-acceptable standards of behavior and goal-setting. While previous reviews on social innovation have focused on the historical development of the concept and its role in academic debate, this article critically reviews the place of the “social” in current mainstream Innovation and Entrepreneurship (I&E) studies. The aim is to understand how this literature has been evolving in relation to this element and to what extent this addition has promoted a radical shift in the research direction. Our review, based on selected articles from 16 I&E mainstream journals, advances a novel classification of the dominant approaches to the social dimension in I&E studies, identifying four main categories: disciplinary, integrationist, separationist, and essentialist. What emerges is that most I&E studies ignore, minimize, or compartmentalize the “social”, using it to extend existing frameworks rather than to evolve them. Indeed, while the “social” has been offering an avenue for critical views to challenge mainstream discourse, at present it does not seem to significantly affect the latter’s evolution.
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Cooter, Roger. "Re-Presenting the Future of Medicine’s Past: Towards a Politics of Survival". Medical History 55, n. 3 (luglio 2011): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300005287.
Abstract (sommario):
The ‘death’ of the social history of medicine was predicated on two insights from postmodern thinking: first, that ‘the social’ was an essentialist category strategically fashioned in the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; and second, that the disciplines of medicine and history-writing grew up together, the one (medicine) seeking to objectify the body, the other (history-writing) seeking to objectify the past. Not surprisingly, in the face of these revelations, historians of medicine retreated from the critical and ‘big-picture’ perspectives they entertained in the 1970s and 1980s. Their political flame went out, and doing the same old thing increasingly looked more like an apology for, than a critical inquiry into, medicine and its humanist project. Unable to face the present, let alone the future, they retreated from both, suffering the same paralysis of will as other historians stymied by the intellectual movement of postmodernism. Ironically, this occurred (occurs) at a moment when ‘medicine’ – writ large to include the biosciences and biotechnology – could easily be said to be the most relevant and compelling subject for understanding contemporary life and politics (global, local, and individual) and, as such, the place to justify the practice of history-writing as a whole. God knows, legitimacy has never been more urgent. But how can this be effected? Political action seems more likely than prayer. But let us begin by reviewing the nature of the problem that demands this response.
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o, o. "Uncomfortable and Devious Paths in Dalit Theology and Ideology". Korean Society of Minjung theology 40 (31 dicembre 2023): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.58302/madang.2023..40.69.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper explores the trajectory of Dalit Theology and Ideology, unraveling both uncomfortable facets and emerging trends within this academic and socio-political discourse. The examination is structured into two primary sections: areas of discomfort and the unfolding nuances in Dalit Theology.
In the exploration of discomfort, three pivotal concerns are addressed. The “Danger of Essentialism” scrutinizes the construction of an abstract “pure Dalit” identity, exposing the pitfalls of this essentialist approach, including the lack of empirical evidence and the potential silencing of authentic voices within the Dalit community. The subsequent exploration, “Danger of Homogenization”, delves into the risks associated with reducing Dalit identity to a singular, homogenized category, emphasizing the need to acknowledge internal variations and alternative voices to avoid oversimplification. The “Danger of Methodological Exclusivism” critiques the exclusive focus on Dalit experience in theological spaces, underscoring the necessity for a broader engagement that addresses societal issues collectively rather than confining Dalit scholars to specific domains.
In the section on emerging trends, a multi-faceted examination of identity unfolds. “Interrogating Identity” reveals a shift from victimhood narratives to a focus on Dalit consciousness and resistance. The acknowledgment of multiple identities, including sub-jatis and socio-cultural affiliations, challenges the singular homogenized identity construct. Additionally, the recognition of Dalits in urban spaces reflects a broader understanding of the diverse experiences within the community.
The exploration of “Interrogating the Text” exposes the intricate relationship between Dalits and the Bible. Beyond traditional readings, emphasis is placed on community readings, imagination, and dialogical approaches, revealing a dynamic engagement with sacred texts. The analysis also extends beyond the Bible to include folk tales, songs, and experiences of revolt, broadening the hermeneutical landscape.
The section “Interrogating Socio-Economic Realities from a Dalit Perspective” scrutinizes Dalit responses to globalization, challenging mainstream anti-globalization narratives and exploring alternative perspectives within the Dalit community. The discourse on reservations transcends the reservation debate to question meritocracy and the structural inequalities embedded in the education system. Finally, the examination of Dalits at the forefront of a new India critically evaluates the potential for reconceiving the nation from a Dalit perspective, challenging dominant and hierarchical values ingrained in the Indian narrative.
In conclusion, the abstract emphasizes the urgency of reclaiming devious paths within Dalit Theology. The term “devious” is interpreted in two dimensions: first, as a winding, heuristic approach, encouraging an exploration of untrodden paths; second, as a potentially wicked, heretical tradition that challenges existing power structures. Despite the increasing recognition of Dalit Theology, the call is made to maintain its radical essence by embracing discomfort and unconventional routes, thereby revolutionizing society.
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Senapati, Surajit. "Challenging the Savarna Articulation of Gender Equality: The Rise of Dalit Feminist Viewpoint". ENSEMBLE 3, n. 1 (20 agosto 2021): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37948/ensemble-2021-0301-a017.
Abstract (sommario):
The emergence of Dalit feminist viewpoint, as an autonomous force, in parallel to the dominant imagination of feminist politics in India led by the English-speaking upper caste/middle class savarna women, marks a paradigmatic shift in our doing of gender politics, which seeks to reformulate an alternative agenda of women’s emancipation by including the specificities of the lived realities of women belonging to marginalised social locations. It critiques the essentialist and monolithic imagination of the category of ‘woman’ and seeks to radicalise our approach to the question of women’s liberation by pluralising the personal experiences of women belonging to different socio-political backgrounds. It foregrounds the intersectionality of caste, class and gender locations of women as an analytic tool to diversify the ways in which women are oppressed and exploited on the daily basis. It demands broadening of the contours of feminist imagination by stressing on the role of family, community, education, sexuality in sustaining gender norms and caste hierarchies that keep women within the ascribed roles of childbearing and nurtures of families. The role of caste as the producer of social hierarchies, perpetuator of gender discrimination and material exploitation is examined from the inersectionality of caste, class and gender in order to formulate an inclusive feminist framework to provide a rightful space to the lost voices of marginalised Dalit women. The paper foregrounds and analyses the collective fight of Dalit women for restoring equality, subjectivity, autonomy and dignified identity from the interlocked points of the caste, class and gender locations, thus underscoring the need for launching a holistic critique of the social, political and economic structures that subordinate women and relegate them to the margins of society.
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Cannamela, Danila. "“I am an atypical mother”: Motherhood and maternal language in Giovanna Cristina Vivinetto’s poetry". Forum Italicum: A Journal of Italian Studies 55, n. 1 (14 febbraio 2021): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0014585821991848.
Abstract (sommario):
In her debut book Dolore minimo, Giovanna Cristina Vivinetto engages in a reflection on motherhood to recount an autobiographical story of gender self-determination and male to female transition. This article explores Vivinetto’s poetry as the retelling of transformative moments in two mother–daughter relationships, which generate a reshaping of life and language. In the book, these two storylines intersect, blur, and even overlap, creating a poetic discourse in which the maternal acts simultaneously as powerful catalyzer and producer of meanings. In discussing how, in Dolore minimo, the relationship of two atypical mothers becomes the creative site of a new possible symbolic order, my analysis engages an atypical approach: it reads Vivinetto’s queer representation of motherhood via the theorization developed by the women of Diotima—including, in particular, Luisa Muraro, Chiara Zamboni, Diana Sartori, and Ida Dominijanni. These feminist thinkers have been generally criticized for reinforcing binary understandings of sex and gender, based on an essentialist view of the category of woman. Yet, what if the feminism forwarded by Diotima, by positioning the feminine as a creative producer and first-person narrator of change, could still offer a productive avenue for dialogue? The article begins with a discussion of Diotima’s key theorizations, which lays the groundwork for interpreting the maternal poetics of Dolore minimo. The subsequent sections examine in more depth how Vivinetto’s poetry has reinvented the figure of the mother as a teacher and learner of new words, and how, through this reinvention, she has crafted a maternal language that knits together new relations of contiguity and change. Ultimately, by redeploying the figure of the mother beyond cisgender norms, Vivinetto’s poetry is revealing the inexhaustible vitality of this character.
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Moi, Toril. "Att erövra Bourdieu". Tidskrift för genusvetenskap 15, n. 1 (21 giugno 2022): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v15i1.4918.
Abstract (sommario):
Tliis article is about appropriating Pierre Bourdicn for feminist theory. This means a critical assessment of a given theory formation with a view to taking it over and using it for feminist purposes. Only recently, Bourdieu has found an audience outside the social sciences in the English-speaking world. One of the reasons for this belated interdisciplinary interest is surely the fact that his resolntely sociological and historical thought (classical french sociology, structuralism and marxism), could find little resonance in a theoretical space dominated, in the humanities at least, by poststructuralism and postmodernism. Today, however, there is a renewed interest in the social and historical determinants of cultural production. The fact that Bourdieu has always devoted much space to problems pertaining to literature, language and aesthetics makes his work particularly promising terrain for literary critics. His theory allows feminists to produce highly concrete and specific analyses of the social determinants of the literary énonciation. This is not to say that such determinants are the only ones that we need to consider, nor that feminist critics should not concern themselves with the énoncé, or the actual statement itself. In this article 1 hope to show that a Bourdieuian approach enables us to reconceptualize gender as a social category in a way which undercuts the traditional essentialist/nonessentialist devide. In reading with Bourdieu Héléne Cixous's highly influential essay "The Laugh of the Medusa" can be analysed as an effort to snub Simone de Beauvoir, a deliberate challenge to the doyenne of French feminism, and, more specifically, as Cixous's bid for power - legitimacy - within the field of French feminism. Implicitly casting Beauvoir as orthodox, Cixouss defiant exclusion of the author of The Second Sex in her essay signals her need to erase a figure she perceives as the powerful and censorious origin of her own discourse.
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Geniusas, Saulius, e Gary Brent Madison. "A Propaedeutic to Dialogue: "On The Oneness Of The Hermeneutical Horizon(s)" & "On The Importance Of Getting Things Straight"". PhaenEx 1, n. 1 (5 novembre 2006): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/p.v1i1.68.
Abstract (sommario):
S. Geniusas:
Although Gadamer’s hermeneutics has suffered attacks from a number of philosophical perspectives, the profusion of criticisms seldom constitutes new challenges and for the most part is a reiteration of two seemingly opposite claims. On the one hand, we often hear that Gadamer’s hermeneutics is merely a disguised brand of the “philosophy of the subject” which under the pretext of openness reduces the Other to the self. On the other hand, it is just as often claimed that Gadamer’s writings fall into the category of the “hermeneutics of the fundamental questions” and therefore they cannot account for the selfhood of the self. Taking as its focus the theme of the oneness of the hermeneutical horizon(s), this paper argues that this theme carries no hegemonic or essentialist connotations. Rather, a careful analysis, which accentuates the negative and the dialectical elements of the oneness of horizons and the fact that this theme is for Gadamer both a presupposition and an achievement, reveals the shortcomings of both critiques. In the final analysis, the oneness of the horizon(s) is the dialogue that we ourselves are. Special attention is granted to Richard Kearney’s critique of Gadamer, to Gadamer’s critique of the incommensurabilist stance, and to the relevance of Gadamer’s hermeneutics in the context of today’s socio-political concerns.
G. B. Madison:
This essay is a companion piece to S. Geniusas’ “On the Oneness of the Hermeneutical Horizon(s)” and seeks to correct some of the serious misunderstandings of the philosophical hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer that one often encounters in the literature. It seeks above all to show how Gadamer’s commitment to philosophical universalism is ideally suited to enabling philosophy to confront the ethical challenges posed by the phenomenon of globalization.
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Youkhana, Eva. "A Conceptual Shift in Studies of Belonging and the Politics of Belonging". Social Inclusion 3, n. 4 (8 luglio 2015): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v3i4.150.
Abstract (sommario):
The study of belonging, its underlying notions, and the politics of belonging shows that social, political, and territorial demarcations are still based on essentialist conceptions of the collective. These are often applied and reproduced in the social sciences as a result of methodological nationalism. Space-sensitive studies of migration and globalization and a return to the material have recently challenged social constructivist lines of argumentation and have provoked a conceptual shift from analytical categories with inherent spatiality, territoriality, and boundary marking to concepts based on movement and flow. In this paper the analysis of belonging and the related politics of belonging in migration studies incorporates space as an analytical category that cross-cuts established categorizations such as race, class, gender, and stage in the life cycle, and integrates a material semiotic perspective more systematically into the study of social relations at the intersection of the social categories mentioned. A new concept of belonging is defined which reflects the complex relations that individuals have with other people, circulating objects, artefacts, and changing social, political, and cultural landscapes, thus mirroring both the material conditions and the underlying power relations. Such an understanding of belonging proceeds from social naturalizations and fixations to the multiplicity and situatedness of individual attachments, which entangle social, imagined, and sensual-material relations that are constantly re-articulated and re-negotiated by actors in their day-to-day practices. In such a reading, belonging comes into being as a result of individual life stories, versatile contexts, and situated experiences and acts. In times of constant exchange through travel, mass media, and communication technologies, the conceptualization of belonging questions established sociocultural and political demarcations, indicates the compatibility of ascribed socio-cultural difference and stresses the permeability of borderlines. A space-sensitive theorization of social relations and belonging opens up new perspectives on the question of how social collectives are naturalized and by whom, and under which conditions they open up to new forms of belonging; it thus brings forth new findings about collectivization, social mobilization, and change.
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Markowski, Michał Paweł. "Szybkie samorództwo blagi. Schulz, Deleuze i kwestia interpretacji". Schulz/Forum, n. 19-20 (18 ottobre 2022): 86–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/sf.2022.19-20.04.
Abstract (sommario):
The essay is a polemic against Idit Alphandary’s article, “Aesthetic Falsehood and Moral Emotions in Sanatorium Under the Sign of the Hourglass and The Hourglass Sanatorium.” The author notes that the strong interpretive theses of Alphandary’s article often turn out to be false, as they are based on Celina Wieniewska’s translation errors, as well as research presuppositions aimed at linking Schulz to Deleuze and Guattari’s category of “becoming-other.” Proving that the scholar took shortcuts in her interpretation, the author proposes a counter-interpretation according to which Schulz is no postmodernist, but a modern aesthetic conservative: in his vision, the world can only be saved by beauty. When beauty is removed from this world, life ceases to make sense, in view of which the only subject worth the effort is the subject of aesthetic contemplation. There is no deterritorialization in Schulz’s topology, instead there is an extremely strong aspiration for reterritorialization: for closure, for self-sufficiency, for autonomy, for slamming down the walls of the aesthetic fortress, for establishing a subjective center of the world that transforms reality into a delightful spectacle. Why does Alphandary misrepresent Schulz? Because she needs him as an ally in the common cause of aesthetic renewal of a world subjected to modern processes of secularization. She is not alone in this claim, for Schulz intensely attracts minds eager to view reality through the colorful panes of art. What the author fails to understand, however, is that this essentialist aesthetic utopia not only has nothing to do with the Deleuzian critique of the subject as a punctuated center of representation, but is its radical negation. Nor does she understand that modern aesthetic metaphysics (or metaphysical aestheticism) does not open the temporal horizon at all, but rather closes it (thus eliminating the transition to ethics), as evidenced by the image of the aesthetic fortress as a metaphysical asylum hinted at by Schulz in “The Republic of Dreams".
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Jacobs, Brianne. "An Alternative to Gender Complementarity: The Body as Existential Category in the Catholic Tradition". Theological Studies 80, n. 2 (7 maggio 2019): 328–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040563919836243.
Abstract (sommario):
This article reevaluates the concept of “woman” in the Christian tradition by arguing that the body is shaped ontologically not by binary sex (gender essentialism), but by history. While there have been many theological critiques of gender essentialism and complementarity, there have been few attempts to offer an alternative, bodily ontology in the Catholic tradition. I argue for an understanding of the body that reveals it as an existential category, a category that implies complicity, interruption, hope, and holiness. I conclude that when we experience our bodies as structured primarily by our histories, it facilitates the freedom to be in full relationship with each other and with God.
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Barzegar, Hasan. "Strongly s-dense injective hull and Banaschewski’s theorems for acts". Mathematica Slovaca 70, n. 2 (28 aprile 2020): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ms-2017-0348.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract For a class 𝓜 of monomorphisms of a category, mathematicians usually use different types of essentiality. Essentiality is an important notion closely related to injectivity. Banaschewski defines and gives sufficient conditions on a category 𝓐 and a subclass 𝓜 of its monomorphisms under which 𝓜-injectivity well-behaves with respect to the notions such as 𝓜-absolute retract and 𝓜-essentialness. In this paper, 𝓐 is taken to be the category of acts over a semigroup S and 𝓜sd to be the class of strongly s-dense monomorphisms. We study essentiality with respect to strongly s-dense monomorphisms of acts. Depending on a class 𝓜 of morphisms of a category 𝓐, In some literatures, three different types of essentialness are considered. Each has its own benefits in regards with the behavior of 𝓜-injectivity. We will show that these three different definitions of essentiality with respect to the class of strongly s-dense monomorphisms are equivalent. Also, the existence and the explicit description of a strongly s-dense injective hull for any given act which is equivalent to the maximal such essential extension and minimal strongly s-dense injective extension with respect to strongly s-dense monomorphism is investigated. At last we conclude that strongly s-dense injectivity well behaves in the category Act-S.
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Kashima, Yoshihisa, Emiko S. Kashima, Paul Bain, Anthony Lyons, R. Scott Tindale, Garry Robins, Cedric Vears e Jennifer Whelan. "Communication and Essentialism: Grounding the Shared Reality of a Social Category". Social Cognition 28, n. 3 (giugno 2010): 306–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.2010.28.3.306.
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Agadullina, E. R., e M. A. Chumakova. "Psychological essentialism: development and adaptation the scale". Social Psychology and Society 8, n. 3 (2017): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2017080311.
Abstract (sommario):
The article presents the results of the development and approbation of the scale of psychological essentialism (belief in invariability of group membership). The results of confirmatory factor analysis conducted on eight different groups (ethnic (Russians / Tajiks / Jews), gender groups (men / women), homosexuals (gay / lesbians) and religious groups (Orthodox / Muslim)) (n = 897), demonstrated the good fit to empirical data. The multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the different groups measured on the scale, can be compared with each other within a single category. The scale shows good convergent and discriminant validity. On the one hand, psychological essentialism associated with group entitativity, group identification, right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation and justification the social hierarchy; on the other hand there are not correlation between the psychological essentialism and open to experience and attitude to novelty.
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Martín Villuendas, Mariano. "Una discusión en torno a los límites del concepto especie". Humanities Journal of Valparaiso, n. 14 (29 dicembre 2019): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/rhv2019iss14pp241-273.
Abstract (sommario):
The conceptual dilemma that species entail has divided, since its formulation, biologists and philosophers in two spheres: those who believe in the existence of a unified category of species and those who defend the unyielding plurality of equally legitimate concepts. The aim of this paper is to comprise the analysis of the problems that revolve around the species category with the only purpose being to determine the existence of only one univocal and unrestricted definition of species. For this reason, the paper will be divided into two sections. The first section will analyse the extent to which essentialism amounts to an antithetical theory to the modern biological theory. In the second section a detailed critique will be carried out on existing attempts to devise a definition of species. Two conclusions can be drawn from the previous statements. First and due to the fall of essentialism, that there is not only one single category of species but an uncompromising plurality of concepts. Secondly and following previous assertion, it can be stated that the most consistent viewpoint in the evolutionary theory is the one in which an ontological pluralism is embraced and, consequently, a taxonomical pluralism.
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Kleeberg, Bernhard, e Andreas Langenohl. "Culturalisation, Deculturalisation". Zeitschrift für Kulturphilosophie 2011, n. 2 (2011): 281–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.28937/1000106587.
Abstract (sommario):
"Bernhard Kleeberg/Andreas Langenohl: »Culturalisation, deculturalisation« This article discusses variations in the analytic category of »culture« which has recently become prominent, with respect to ideal-typical idiomologies of deculturalisation as well as culturalisation. They are examined against the background of the systematic differentiations that are formulated in the renewed epistemic perspective of constructivism, deconstructivism and essentialism."