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1
WHITE, P., e M. BROADLEY. "Biofortifying crops with essential mineral elements". Trends in Plant Science 10, n. 12 (dicembre 2005): 586–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2005.10.001.
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Bidlack, Wayne R. "Handbook of Nutritional Essential Mineral/Elements". Journal of the American College of Nutrition 16, n. 5 (ottobre 1997): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1997.10738037.
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NV, Rylova. "Trace Elements in Young Field Hockey Players and Fencers". Journal of Orthopaedics & Bone Disorders 2, n. 3 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jobd-16000163.
Abstract (sommario):
Active physical exercises are associated with high body mineral demand that can cause mineral disbalances with diverse negative health outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of sport - related factors on mineral composition in young ath letes. Saliva and hair samples were chosen for the analysis as reflecting immediate and more permanent mineral status, respectively. The samples were analyzed by spectral methods with inductively coupled plasma for eight essential minerals: calcium (Ca), c hromium (Cr), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn). The results from athletes were compared to ones from the control group of adolescent non - athletes. Different minerals demonstrated sampling specific distribution. Sport t ype specificity of mineral content was found. These findings can help in the process of mineral status data standardization and in training process to correct the sport - associated mineral disbalances.
4
Moore, Eli K., Daniella L. Martinez, Naman Srivastava, Shaunna M. Morrison e Stephanie J. Spielman. "Mineral Element Insiders and Outliers Play Crucial Roles in Biological Evolution". Life 12, n. 7 (24 giugno 2022): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12070951.
Abstract (sommario):
The geosphere of primitive Earth was the source of life’s essential building blocks, and the geochemical interactions among chemical elements can inform the origins of biological roles of each element. Minerals provide a record of the fundamental properties that each chemical element contributes to crustal composition, evolution, and subsequent biological utilization. In this study, we investigate correlations between the mineral species and bulk crustal composition of each chemical element. There are statistically significant correlations between the number of elements that each element forms minerals with (#-mineral-elements) and the log of the number of mineral species that each element occurs in, and between #-mineral-elements and the log of the number of mineral localities of that element. There is a lesser correlation between the log of the crustal percentage of each element and #-mineral-elements. In the crustal percentage vs. #-mineral-elements plot, positive outliers have either important biological roles (S, Cu) or toxic biological impacts (Pb, As), while negative outliers have no biological importance (Sc, Ga, Br, Yb). In particular, S is an important bridge element between organic (e.g., amino acids) and inorganic (metal cofactors) biological components. While C and N rarely form minerals together, the two elements commonly form minerals with H, which coincides with the role of H as an electron donor/carrier in biological nitrogen and carbon fixation. Both abundant crustal percentage vs. #-mineral-elements insiders (elements that follow the correlation) and less abundant outsiders (positive outliers from the correlation) have important biological functions as essential structural elements and catalytic cofactors.
5
Krivovichev, Vladimir G., Sergey V. Krivovichev e Marina V. Charykova. "Tellurium Minerals: Structural and Chemical Diversity and Complexity". Minerals 10, n. 7 (12 luglio 2020): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10070623.
Abstract (sommario):
The chemical diversity and complexity of tellurium minerals were analyzed using the concept of mineral systems and Shannon informational entropy. The study employed data for 176 Te mineral species known today. Tellurium minerals belong to six mineral systems in the range of one-to-six species-defining elements. For 176 tellurium minerals, only 36 chemical elements act as essential species-defining constituents. The numbers of minerals of main elements are calculated as follows (the number of mineral species is given in parentheses): O (89), H (48), Cu (48), Pb (43), Bi (31), S (29), Ag (20), Fe (20), Pd (16), Cl (13), and Zn (11). In accordance with their chemistry, all Te minerals are classified into five types of mineral systems: tellurium, oxides, tellurides and intermetalides, tellurites, and tellurates. A statistical analysis showed positive relationships between the chemical, structural, and crystallochemical complexities and the number of essential species-defining elements in a mineral. A positive statistically significant relationship between chemical and structural complexities was established. It is shown that oxygen-free and oxygen-bearing Te minerals differ sharply from each other in terms of chemical and structural complexity, with the first group of minerals being simpler than the second group. The oxygen-free Te minerals (tellurium, tellurides, and intermetallides) are formed under reducing conditions with the participation of hydrothermal solutions. The most structurally complex oxygen-bearing Te minerals originate either from chemical weathering and the oxidation of ore deposits or from volcanic exhalations (Nabokoite).
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Schwalfenberg, Gerry K., e Stephen J. Genuis. "Vitamin D, Essential Minerals, and Toxic Elements: Exploring Interactions between Nutrients and Toxicants in Clinical Medicine". Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/318595.
Abstract (sommario):
In clinical medicine, increasing attention is being directed towards the important areas of nutritional biochemistry and toxicant bioaccumulation as they relate to human health and chronic disease. Optimal nutritional status, including healthy levels of vitamin D and essential minerals, is requisite for proper physiological function; conversely, accrual of toxic elements has the potential to impair normal physiology. It is evident that vitamin D intake can facilitate the absorption and assimilation of essential inorganic elements (such as calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron, and selenium) but also the uptake of toxic elements (such as lead, arsenic, aluminum, cobalt, and strontium). Furthermore, sufficiency of essential minerals appears to resist the uptake of toxic metals. This paper explores the literature to determine a suitable clinical approach with regard to vitamin D and essential mineral intake to achieve optimal biological function and to avoid harm in order to prevent and overcome illness. It appears preferable to secure essential mineral status in conjunction with adequate vitamin D, as intake of vitamin D in the absence of mineral sufficiency may result in facilitation of toxic element absorption with potential adverse clinical outcomes.
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Lamaro, Gloria Peace, Yemane Tsehaye, Atkilt Girma, Andrea Vannini, Riccardo Fedeli e Stefano Loppi. "Essential Mineral Elements and Potentially Toxic Elements in Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato Cultivated in Northern Ethiopia". Biology 12, n. 2 (7 febbraio 2023): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12020266.
Abstract (sommario):
This study investigated the influence of the agro-climatic environment of Northern Ethiopia on the content of essential mineral elements of selected orange-fleshed sweetpotato genotypes, the potential contribution of each genotype’s essential mineral elements to the recommended dietary allowance, and the potential risk to human health from the accumulation of potentially toxic elements in the tuberous roots of the studied genotypes. The results showed consistent interspecific variations in the content of essential mineral elements among the studied orange-fleshed sweetpotato genotypes, as well as important intraspecific differences, which could depend on the variations in soil mineral and organic matter content, rainfall, temperature, as well as interactions between genotype and environment. The investigated genotypes, especially Kulfo, Ininda, Gloria, and Amelia, can provide an amount of several essential mineral elements high enough to meet 100% of the recommended dietary allowance for all age groups ≤ 8 years. The mean content of potentially toxic elements in tuberous roots and their daily intake values were within the recommended permissible levels; likewise, no health risk was associated with the consumption of these genotypes for Cr, As, and Pb. However, Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni is > 1, consumption imposes health risks based on daily accumulation.
8
Cinquanta, Luciano, Cinzia Di Cesare, Remo Manoni, Angela Piano, Piero Roberti e Giancarlo Salvatori. "Mineral essential elements for nutrition in different chocolate products". International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 67, n. 7 (26 giugno 2016): 773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2016.1199664.
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Stanisławska, Iwona J., Ramona Figat, Anna K. Kiss e Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak. "Essential Elements and Isoflavonoids in the Prevention of Prostate Cancer". Nutrients 14, n. 6 (14 marzo 2022): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14061225.
Abstract (sommario):
The intake of selected minerals, especially zinc, calcium and selenium, and high consumption of dietary isoflavones are recognised as factors influencing prostate cancer risk. Moreover, changes in levels of some essential elements are characteristic of the disease. Here, we examined the combined effects of main dietary isoflavonoids (genistein, daidzein and its metabolite, equol) and minerals implicated in prostate cancer, namely zinc, selenium, copper, iron and calcium, on LNCaP prostate cancer cells proliferation. Secondly, we evaluated the influence of the combinations on genotoxicity of model mutagens, 4-nitroquinoline oxide (4NQO) and 2-aminoanthracene (2AA), in the umu test. All combinations of isoflavonoids and minerals inhibited prostate cancer cells growth. However, only mixtures with iron ions had significantly stronger effect than the phytochemicals. Interestingly, we observed that only genistein attenuated genotoxicity of 4NQO. The addition of any tested mineral abolished this effect. All tested isoflavonoids had anti-genotoxic activity against 2AA, which was significantly enhanced in the presence of copper sulphate. Our results indicate that the tested minerals in physiological concentrations had minimal influence on the anti-proliferative activity of isoflavonoids. However, they significantly modulated the anti-genotoxic effects of isoflavonoids against both metabolically activated and direct mutagens. Thus, the minerals intake and nutritional status may modulate protective action of isoflavonoids.
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Dragicevic, Vesna, Bogdan Nikolic, Milica Radosavljevic, Nenad Djuric, Dejan Dodig, Milovan Stoiljkovic e Natalija Kravic. "Barley grain enrichement with essential elements by agronomic biofortification". Acta Periodica Technologica, n. 47 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt1647001d.
Abstract (sommario):
Barley grain is rich in mineral nutrients, but their bioavailability to humans depends on antinutrients that restrain bioavailability and promoters that promote bioavailability. The aim of this study was to examine composition of barley grain, including phytate and phenolics as antinutrients, carotenoids and glutathione as promoters and mineral elements, such as Ca, Mg, Fe, Si, Zn and Mn influenced by various non-standard foliar fertilizers (Zircon, Chitosan, Siliplant, Propikonazole), including some hormonal growth-stimulators (Epin Extra, Benzyladenine), as potential biofortification measure. Chitosan increased glutathione concentration in grain. Unfavorable meteorological conditions were partly mitigated by application of Benzyladenine and Siliplant, reflected through increased potential bioavailability of P, Mg, Ca and Fe.
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Muliani, Suhbudy Yasin, Syamsul Hidayat Dilaga e Jalaludin. "The Essential Minerals for Rumen Metabolism". Jurnal Biologi Tropis 24, n. 1 (11 gennaio 2024): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v24i1.6373.
Abstract (sommario):
Minerals are a constituent element of nutrition with functions as body defense, reproduction, production and animal body health. In general, minerals act as catalysts that will balance cell membranes, balance acid bases, make enzymes active, and are involved in the fermentation process of rumen microbes. In ruminants, the important role of minerals is to influence the symbiotic micriflora in the digestive tract. The research instrument of this research is Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) which is integrated with testing with the Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) research instrument. Sampling of forage was carried out at the Teaching Farm Lingsar, Matataram University. Each forage sample was taken approximately 53 g fresh weight. The parameters used are the content of Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Cobalt (Co), and Selenium (Se). Data from the analysis of essential mineral content using SEM is statistically descriptive with data tabulation, data conversion, data averaging and processing with the help of Microsoft Excel. The results of several experiments using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) based on the elements of Zn, Mn, Cu, Co and Se, among others: The results of the percentage of Zn elements for grass 0.31% and legumes 0.65%. The results of the percentage of Mn elements for 0.31% and 0.65% legumes. The results of the percentage of Cu elements for grass 4.87% and legumes 7.15%. The results of the percentage of Co elements for grass 0.33% and legumes 0.21%. The results of the Se element percentage for grass 0.23% and legumes 0.7%.
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Jefferies, N. L. "The distribution of the rare earth elements within the Carnmenellis pluton, Cornwall". Mineralogical Magazine 49, n. 353 (settembre 1985): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1985.049.353.02.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThe Carnmenellis pluton is a post-orogenic granite of Hercynian age, comprised largely of porphyritic biotite granites which possess LREE enriched patterns with slight negative Eu anomalies. Electron microprobe and ICP spectrometry data are presented for monazite, which occurs as an accessory mineral in all granite types, and it is demonstrated that this mineral is the principal host for LREE in the biotite granites. HREE are strongly partitioned into the accessory minerals xenotime, apatite, and zircon; only Eu substitutes significantly into the essential minerals. The behaviour of the REE during granite differentiation is controlled by the behaviour of the radioactive accessory minerals, which limits the usefulness of these elements in the petrogenetic modelling of granitic rocks.
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Masters, DG, CL White, DW Peter, DB Purser, SP Roe e MJ Barnes. "A multi-element supplement for grazing sheep. II. Accumulation of trace elements in sheep fed different levels of supplement". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, n. 4 (1992): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9920809.
Abstract (sommario):
Sheep were fed an oaten hayllupin mixture (88: 12 W/W) containing either 0, 1.7, 3.3, 6.3, 12 or 21% of a multi-element mineral mix for 6 months. Each sheep was fed sufficient ration to provide 800 g DM of the oaten hay/lupin mixture per day. The accumulation of essential and of potentially toxic elements in the tissues of the sheep was measured together with feed intake and growth. Some sheep which were offered 12% and all of the sheep which were offered 21% minerals in the diet refused to eat part or all of the ration and were removed from the experiment. All sheep in the other groups and two sheep which were fed 12% minerals ate all or most of the ration for 6 months. All sheep in the groups which were fed 0, 1.7, 3.3 and 6.3% (equivalent to 0, 15, 30 and 60 g/day of minerals) grew at 27-35 g/day and had similar dry matter intakes after intake of minerals was excluded from the calculation. The two sheep which were fed 12% mineral throughout (equivalent to 120 g/day) lost 6 g/day during the experiment. Intake of minerals increased selenium concentrations in whole blood and liver, and vitamin B12 in plasma. Selenium did not accumulate to levels that resulted in toxicity to the sheep nor exceed maximum permitted levels for human consumption. Fluorine in rib bone increased as mineral intake increased, and sheep which were fed 12% minerals in the diet were at risk of chronic fluorosis. The intake of mineral mix had no significant effect on the concentrations of copper and iron in the liver or the concentration of cadmium in the kidney.
14
Presley, Jennifer. "Exploring the Unexpected: An AI Model Uncovers Rare Earth Elements". Journal of Petroleum Technology 76, n. 01 (1 gennaio 2024): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0124-0040-jpt.
Abstract (sommario):
Throughout Earth’s history, powerful geological processes have shaped the planet, formed diverse landscapes, and hidden valuable resources. Like silent architects, these processes play a crucial role in creating the world we see today. One important aspect of this geological story is the formation of critical minerals—essential elements for modern technology. These minerals are not random features but are closely tied to the larger narrative of Earth’s evolution. Scientists and engineers are exploring the connections between geological processes and the creation of critical mineral deposits to understand better how to identify, extract, and produce these deposits to help meet the demand for resources considered the building blocks of an electrified future. Used in various applications, from energy production and national defense to transportation and communication technologies (think batteries for electric vehicles, permanent magnets for wind turbine generators), critical minerals are defined as non-fuel minerals or mineral materials essential to economic or national security and have a supply chain vulnerable to disruption. The International Energy Agency (IEA), in its latest Critical Minerals Market Review, reported that the record deployment of clean energy technologies has propelled the huge demand for critical minerals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, and copper. “From 2017 to 2022, the energy sector was the main factor behind a tripling in overall demand for lithium, a 70% jump in demand for cobalt, and a 40% rise in demand for nickel,” the report said. “The market for energy transition minerals reached $320 billion in 2022 and is set for continued rapid growth, moving it increasingly to center stage for the global mining industry.” In the US, critical mineral supply chains are heavily dependent on imports. In 2021, the US was 100% import-reliant for 14 of the 50 critical minerals identified by the US Geological Survey (USGS) in 2022. Additionally, according to the USGS, most of the critical minerals that are essential for meeting decarbonization goals have a net import reliance of greater than 50%. Securing Supply of Rare Earth Elements Critical minerals categorized as rare earth elements (REE) are particularly important to reaching decarbonization goals. With a name reminiscent of science fiction superheroes, the lanthanides are a series of 15 elements—plus scandium and yttrium—collectively regarded as REE. REEs range from light (LREE) to heavy (HREE). While not geologically rare, extraction and processing are complex, expensive, and environmentally hazardous. In addition to being a leading source of critical minerals gallium, germanium, and graphite, China dominates REE production and processing. According to a report by The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, the country is home to some of the most productive and lowest-cost REE-containing geological formations, which the government has been developing since the 1970s. China holds 37% of the world’s REE reserves, as compared to the US, which held only 1% of the reserves in 2019. US critical mineral supply chains have the potential to be disrupted by adverse foreign actions, pandemics, natural disasters, and other global events. For this reason, developing domestic resources to secure supply chains and meet future critical mineral demand has become a national priority, with the signing of Executive Order No. 14017 by US President Joe Biden in February 2021.
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Viet Do, Phuong, Suong Thao Nguyen, Tao Tai Chau, Loan Nguyen TK, Audric Touchet, Gaetan Gutter, Philippe Mahl e Hoang Phan. "Growth assessment of various formulae of essential minerals and trace elements on whiteleg shrimp at different salinities". Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 20, n. 1 (9 giugno 2022): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/15781.
Abstract (sommario):
Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is now the main species cultivated in various geographic locations. Whiteleg shrimp have a wide range of salinity tolerance, but a matter of deficiency of minerals and trace elements need to be taken care of when shrimp are grown in low saline area. It may induce higher mortality and slower growth performances of shrimp. Two stages of shrimp juveniles were subsequently tested with different formulae of a liquid nutraceutical of essential minerals and trace elements. Each stage was performed in a 28-day trial with follow-up parameters of shrimp growth indices and environmental changes throughout the tests. The use of mineral supplementation in whiteleg shrimp diet in low salinity area significantly increased growth performance, survival rate and color intensity. This study has demonstrated the efficacy of a liquid form of mineral supplement product administered by top-coating onto the feed to shrimp during 4 weeks of grow-out at 5‰ salinity, but the application was dependent on formula and dose. Further research on application regime using this liquid mineral product should be performed to optimize a protocol for a whole culture crop as different stages of shrimp may require different supplementation doses.
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Portiannyk, Serhii, Oleksii Mamenko, Halyna Prusova e Serhii Khrutskyi. "Study of the Content of Essential Mineral Elements in the Feed of Dairy Cows Against the Background of increased Concentrations of Toxic Metals Cd and Pb in Plants". Scientific Horizons 25, n. 2 (29 giugno 2022): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.48077/scihor.25(2).2022.16-27.
Abstract (sommario):
Uncontrolled entry of pollutants – heavy metals into the environment creates obstacles to the production of environmentally safe, biologically complete cow's milk. The accumulation of pollutants in the soil reduces the supply of essential mineral elements to plants, which are necessary to ensure the full feeding of animals. In such environmental situations, it is important to analyse feed rations for the content of essential and non-essential mineral elements. Samples of feed included in the main diet were taken on four experimental farms specialising in the production of cow's milk, the agroecosystems of which were located around the industrial centre and near environmentally unfavourable objects – roads, enterprises for the extraction (processing) of gas condensate, etc. The samples were analysed for the content of mineral elements by atomic adsorption spectrophotometry. Statistical data processing – STATISTICA software suite version 10.0. The feed was found to exceed the permissible level for cadmium by an average of 2.1-3.2 times, lead – 2.4-5.7 times, copper – 1.4-2.3 times, zinc – 1.2-2.4 times. In cereal and legume hay, the concentration of cadmium and lead exceeded permissible levels by 3.2 and 5.7 times, respectively. Against this background, there is a deficiency of calcium in various types of diets of cows from 1.4% to 47.5%, phosphorus – from 1.5% to 62.3%, magnesium – from 2.7% to 64.4%, potassium – from 0.8% to 37.9%, sulphur – from 2.3% to 48.8%, among trace elements, iron – from 2.3% to 48.8%, cobalt – from 5.0% to 80.0%, iodine – from 4.0% to 60.7%. The reason for the deficiency of vital mineral elements in plants (feed) is different, including changes in soil pH, but mainly antagonism between mobile forms of toxic elements and essential elements. For the production of high-quality milk, it is necessary to normalise toxic metals in the diets of cows with different types of feeding and eliminate the lack of minerals with the help of specially developed feed additives (mineral and vitamin premixes), which will prevent elementosis in cows, which is a pressing issue in many countries of the world. Future studies will be aimed at monitoring the concentration of mineral elements in animal feed kept in the forest-steppe and steppe zone and Donetska oblast of Ukraine
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Chrysostomos, Milis. "Latitude and Skimming Process Effect on Cow’s Milk Content in Essential Inorganic Elements". Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS) 2, n. 3 (2 novembre 2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1027.
Abstract (sommario):
The objective of this study was to determine the mineral variation of cow’s milk as affected by latitude (north or south Europe; reflecting different feeding practices, i.e. grazing or not), and manufacturing process (different fat content). The mineral content of milk is particularly important to the infant food formula industry, whilst milk products cover a significant proportion of adult requirements in inorganic elements. Milk samples of pasteurized full fat milk were taken according to the origin of milk; southern Europe or north Europe during autumn; reflecting different feeding practices. Additionally, milk samples with different fat content 0, 1.5 and 3.5% were taken during the year, from manufacturing milk supplies. The elements determined were Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe by the use of atomic absorption spectroscopy, and P was determined through UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Milk fat removal significantly increased the macro mineral content Ca, P, and Mg. Manufacturing process did not affect micro element content. Latitude did not have significant impact on the content of macro minerals, but significant effect on Cu and Mn content. Higher Cu content in milk of south origin was probably related to higher concentrate to forage ratio fed. Higher Mn content in milk of north origin could be attributed to hay or/and drinking water of high industrialized countries. The elements Zn and Fe were not affected by manufacturing process neither by latitude. It was concluded that only Cu can be substantially manipulated through animal nutrition. Food composition tables should be updated as macro inorganic element content of milk is reduced gradually corresponding to higher yielding cows, whilst trace element content tend to increase as a result of higher proportion of concentrates fed.
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Khazaei, Hamid, e Albert Vandenberg. "Seed Mineral Composition and Protein Content of Faba Beans (Vicia faba L.) with Contrasting Tannin Contents". Agronomy 10, n. 4 (3 aprile 2020): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040511.
Abstract (sommario):
Two-thirds of the world’s population are at risk of deficiency in one or more essential mineral elements. The high concentrations of essential mineral elements in pulse seeds are fundamentally important to human and animal nutrition. In this study, seeds of 25 genotypes of faba bean (12 low-tannin and 13 normal-tannin genotypes) were evaluated for mineral nutrients and protein content in three locations in Western Canada during 2016–2017. Seed mineral concentrations were examined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the protein content was determined by Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Location and year (site-year) effects were significant for all studied minerals, with less effect for calcium (Ca) and protein content. Genotype by environment interactions were found to be small for magnesium (Mg), cobalt (Co), Ca, zinc (Zn), and protein content. Higher seed concentrations of Ca, manganese (Mn), Mg, and cadmium (Cd) were observed for low-tannin genotypes compared to tannin-containing genotypes. The protein content was 1.9% higher in low-tannin compared to tannin-containing genotypes. The high estimated heritability for concentrations of seed Mg, Ca, Mn, potassium (K), sulphur (S), and protein content in this species suggests that genetic improvement is possible for mineral elements.
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Sasongko, Nugroho Adi, Ulul Azmi, Sri Murtiana e Martin Anda. "Trend of critical minerals utilization for Indonesia’s Sustainable Energy Transition: A review". E3S Web of Conferences 513 (2024): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451304004.
Abstract (sommario):
The European Union calculates supplies of essential minerals using an economic significance index, a supply risk index and an environmental risk index. The U.S. Geological Survey uses three indicators to assess critical mineral risks in the country: foreign ownership of mineral assets and activities, trade dependence, and indirect trade dependence. Indonesia has a history of strong mineral production, and new prospects in the critical minerals sector are developing rapidly. Positioned as a major producer of nickel, the main component of lithium-ion batteries used in electric cars. This supports technological innovation that can improve infrastructure and support sustainable development, which is in line with SDG 9. Indonesia is increasing its capacity to produce other important minerals, such as rare earth elements and cobalt, in addition to nickel production. This research uses the literature study method. The aim is to review the development of essential minerals towards sustainable development.
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Mohammed, Falah Saleh, Imran Uysal, Hasan Hüseyin Yaz e Mustafa Sevindik. "Papaver species: usage areas, essential oil, nutrient and elements contents, biological activities". Prospects in Pharmaceutical Sciences 21, n. 4 (10 ottobre 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56782/pps.142.
Abstract (sommario):
In this study, the utilisation areas, general characteristics, biological activities, mineral and nutrient contents, and chemical compositions of Papaver species were compiled based on literature data. The research findings indicate that Papaver species are consumed either directly or in conjunction with other food products. Furthermore, it has been determined that the Papaver plant material contains significant amounts of essential nutrients and minerals. Additionally, it has been determined that Papaver species may serve as a natural source of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer compounds. It has been observed that the compounds reported in Papaver species may be an important source of many biological activities. As a result, it has been determined that Papaver species could be a significant natural resource.
21
Jenkins, Jill A., MaryLynn Musgrove e Sarah Jane O. White. "Outlining Potential Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect to Critical Minerals: Nutritionally Essential Trace Elements and the Rare Earth Elements". Toxics 11, n. 2 (17 febbraio 2023): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020188.
Abstract (sommario):
Emerging and low-carbon technologies and innovations are driving a need for domestic sources, sustainable use, and availability of critical minerals (CMs)—those vital to the national and economic security of the United States. Understanding the known and potential health effects of exposures to such mineral commodities can inform prudent and environmentally responsible handling and harvesting. We review the occurrence, use, predominant exposure pathways, and adverse outcome pathways (AOP) for human and fish receptors of those CMs that are nutritionally essential trace metals (specifically, cobalt, chromium, manganese, nickel, and zinc), as well as the rare earth elements. Biological responses to some elements having comparable biogeochemistry can sometimes be similar. Candidate quantifiable biomarkers for assessing potential AOP are conveyed.
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Liu, Y. Y., M. Ukita, T. Imai e T. Higuchi. "Recycling mineral nutrients to farmland via compost application". Water Science and Technology 53, n. 2 (1 gennaio 2006): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.044.
Abstract (sommario):
Increased cultivation of farmland has resulted in nutrient deficiency and consequently fertility degradation of soils. This research examined the application of composted wastes in terms of the feasibility and effectiveness of recycling plant essential minerals. Minerals in composts (derived from sewage sludge, livestock excrement, and municipal solid wastes, respectively) and in amended soils were observed. Ca/Mg ratios in amended soils and the effect of compost applications (mineral nutrients and heavy metals) on plant uptake were also studied. Results showed that composts, especially those made from sewage sludge and livestock excrement, were richer in mineral nutrients but also contained more heavy metals than untreated soil. The increase in some elements and plant-growth-essential Ca/Mg ratios were found in amended farmlands, implying that compost applications have made up for the nutrient deficiency and have adjusted chemical conditions of the soil. The soil contamination from heavy metals was noticeable. However, some results showed that the large existence of mineral nutrients and heavy metals in soils has caused no significant increase in the plant uptake of elements. The controlled composting process and farmland uses are believed necessary for reducing the heavy metal accumulation in agricultural plants.
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Christy, Andrew G. "Causes of anomalous mineralogical diversity in the Periodic Table". Mineralogical Magazine 79, n. 1 (febbraio 2015): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2015.079.1.04.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractWhen crustal abundance (A, measured in atomic parts per million) of a chemical element is plotted vs. number of mineral species in which that element is an essential constituent (S), a significantly positive correlation is obtained, but with considerable scatter. Repeated exclusion of outliers at the 90% confidence level and re-fitting leads, after the sixth iteration, to a steady state in which 40 of the 70 elements initially considered define a trend with log S = 1.828 + 0.255 log a (r = 0.96), significantly steeper than the original. Three other methods for reducing the effect of outliers independently reproduce this steeper trend. The 'diversity index' D of an element is defined as the ratio of observed mineral species to those predicted from this trend. D separates elements into three groups. More than half of the elements (40 of 70) have D = 0.5–2.0. Apart from these 'typical' elements, a group of 15 elements (Sc, Cr, Ga, Br, Rb, In, Cs, La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Yb, Hf, Re and Th) form few species of their own due to being dispersed as minor solid solution constituents, and a hitherto unrecognized group of 15 elements are essential components in unusually large numbers of minerals. The anomalously diverse group consists of H, S, Cu, As, Se, Pd, Ag, Sb, Te, Pt, Au, Hg, Pb, Bi and U, with Te and Bi by far the most mineralogically diverse elements (D = 22 and 19, respectively). Possible causes and inhibitors of diversity are discussed, with reference to atomic size, electronegativity and Pearson softness, and particularly outer electronic configurations that result in distinctive stereochemistry. The principal factors encouraging mineral diversity are: (1) Particular outer electronic configurations that lead to a preference for unique coordination geometries, enhancing an element's ability to form distinctive chemical compounds and decreasing its ability to participate in solid solutions. This is particularly noteworthy for elements possessing geometrically flexible 'lone-pair cations' with an s2 outer electronic configuration. (2) Siderophilic or chalcophilic geochemical behaviour and intermediate electronegativity, allowing elements to form minerals that are not oxycompounds or halides. (3) Access to a wide range of oxidation states. The most diverse elements can occur as anions, native elements and in more than one cationic valence state.
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Zafalon, Rafael Vessecchi Amorim, Mariana Pamplona Perini, Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini, Vivian Pedrinelli, Mariana Fragoso Rentas, Isabela Benelli Morilha, Lucas Ben Fiuza Henríquez, Renata Maria Consentino Conti e Marcio Antonio Brunetto. "Vitamin-mineral supplements do not guarantee the minimum recommendations and may imply risks of mercury poisoning in dogs and cats". PLOS ONE 16, n. 4 (26 aprile 2021): e0250738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250738.
Abstract (sommario):
Given the importance of using the vitamin-mineral supplements to guarantee the minimum nutritional recommendations for pets in homemade foods, and hypothesizing that these products may contribute to toxic metals contamination, the present study aimed to determine the concentrations of essential minerals and toxic metals in vitamin-mineral supplements available in the Brazilian market and calculate if the amount recommended by the manufacturer guarantees the minimum recommendations of NRC (2006) and FEDIAF (2020), as well as calculating the amount of toxic metals that animals would consume, according to the amounts recommended by the manufacturer. Seven vitamin-mineral supplements were analyzed. The determination of essential minerals and toxic metals was performed using ICP-OES. Comparisons were made with the minimum recommendations for essential minerals, and with the maximum tolerated levels of toxic metals established by the FDA (2011), descriptively. Most of the vitamin-mineral supplements, in the quantities recommended by the manufacturers, do not guarantee the minimum recommendations of NCR (2006) and FEDIAF (2020) for the following elements: calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, selenium, and zinc. Only one supplement had detectable selenium concentrations. Three supplements provided more than 0.02mg of mercury/kg of body weight, the safe upper limit used to establish the maximum tolerated level of this element. It is concluded that most vitamin-mineral supplements do not meet the minimum recommendations for most essential minerals and, if formulated by untrained professionals, even with supplementation, homemade foods may still be nutritionally deficient. Furthermore, some vitamin-mineral supplements analyzed may imply risks of mercury poisoning in pets.
25
Zaslavskyi, S. O. "Overview: mineral elements and their role in animal nutrition". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 26, n. 100 (21 febbraio 2024): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a10024.
Abstract (sommario):
The intensification of livestock farming is aimed at a comprehensive increase in the production of milk, meat, wool, and other products by increasing the productivity of livestock and poultry and obtaining the maximum amount of product per unit of feed consumed with the lowest possible labor and cost. One of the main ways to increase animal productivity is through proper feeding. An imbalance in the rations in terms of essential and biologically active substances leads to metabolic disorders, a decrease in natural immunity, and diseases of the reproductive system, negatively affecting economic efficiency. The current use of industrial technologies for harvesting roughage and juicy feed is often violated, which leads to a decrease in its quality and high demand for protein, vitamins, and trace elements; in this regard, it is necessary to improve existing and look for new methods of production, evaluation, and use of feed and feed additives. Minerals ingested with water and feed play an essential role in animal nutrition. Quite often, both an excess of some and a lack of other trace elements are detected, which leads to a decrease in animal productivity and a deterioration in the quality of the products obtained from them. The lack of mineral elements can cause significant economic losses to livestock enterprises due to the massive occurrence of animal diseases and metabolic disorders, especially in the winter and spring. Trace elements play an essential role in animal nutrition, as they considerably impact the body's defenses, hematopoiesis, endocrine glands, and digestive tract microflora, participate in protein biosynthesis, and regulate metabolism. The extent to which minerals are used in the diet depends not only on their quantity and appropriate ratio but also, to a large extent, on the level of the organic part of the diet (proteins, fats, carbohydrates) and vitamins. It has been proven that the additional introduction of deficient trace elements into the diet of animals increases their levels in the body, primarily in the liver. Thus, when determining the need for mineral elements in animals, their ratio to other biologically active substances should be considered based on balanced feeding. However, it should be noted that the level of absorption of trace elements by animals largely depends on the form of their compounds.
26
Peng, Bo, Kun Xu, Kun He, Juan Peng, Xia-Yu Tian, Ling Sun, Xiao-Hua Song et al. "Detection and Analysis of Mineral Elements in Giant Embryo Rice". Journal of Biotechnology Research, n. 66 (1 giugno 2020): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jbr.66.50.56.
Abstract (sommario):
Mineral elements are essential micronutrients necessary to constitute human tissue and maintain normal physiological functions. Micronutrient deficiencies are an important issue currently faced in the world. The best strategy to solve this problem is to breed special functional types of rice varieties rich in trace elements (special rice for short). A special type of rice that can produce rich nutrients. In order to explore the nutritional value of giant embryo rice, the contents of 17 mineral elements ((K, Ca, Fe, Se, Zn, Cu, Na, Mn, Mg, Ni, Cr, Co, Pb, As, Cd, Ag, Al)) in 5 kinds of giant embryo rice (white giant embryo, giant japonica-GB-12, giant japonica-GB-11 and giant japonica-GB-5, giant japonica-GB-1) were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. After comparison with ordinary rice, it was found that the content of the same mineral element in different samples has a large variation, suggesting that different rice varieties have different absorption, transformation and storage efficiency of the same element; different giant embryo brown rice in some mineral elements (such as Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn) are extremely low in content and almost undetectable. Meanwhile, the brown rice of giant embryo rice has a more powerful enrichment effect on some mineral elements, which means that embryo rice has a unique advantage in cultivating new rice varieties with special functions rich in minerals.
27
Izzo, Christopher, Zoë A. Doubleday e Bronwyn M. Gillanders. "Where do elements bind within the otoliths of fish?" Marine and Freshwater Research 67, n. 7 (2016): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15064.
Abstract (sommario):
Otolith element analyses are used extensively to reconstruct environmental histories of fish based on the assumption that elements substitute for calcium within the CaCO3 otolith structure. However, elements may also be incorporated within the protein component of the otolith in addition to the direct substitution for calcium in the mineral component, and this could introduce errors in environmental reconstructions. The aim of the present study was to determine whether elements were incorporated into the protein or mineral components of otoliths and the relative proportion of each element in each component. Element concentrations from whole ground otoliths and the isolated protein component were quantified using solution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Of the 12 elements investigated, most were found in both the proteinaceous and mineral components, but always in greater concentrations in the latter. Elements considered ‘non-essential’ to fish physiology with Ca-like properties (i.e. alkaline metals) were present in the mineral component in relatively high concentrations. Elements essential to fish physiology with smaller atomic radii than Ca (i.e. transition metals) were distributed throughout the protein and mineral components of the otolith. These findings enhance our understanding of element incorporation in the otolith and, ultimately, improve interpretations of otolith-based environmental reconstructions.
28
Germ, M., P. Pongrac, M. Regvar, K. Vogel-Mikuš, V. Stibilj, R. Jaćimović e I. Kreft. "Impact of double Zn and Se biofortification of wheat plants on the element concentrations in the grain ". Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 7 (26 giugno 2013): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6/2013-pse.
Abstract (sommario):
Optimisation of the concentrations of essential mineral elements in staple grain diet and reduction in non-essential and potentially toxic elements would considerably alleviate mineral malnutrition and improve the health of humans. Here, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants were biofortified with Zn and/or Se to determine the changes across 36 elements in the grain. The element concentrations were determined by multielemental k<sub>0</sub>-instrumental neutron activation analysis (k<sub>0</sub>-INAA). In comparison to grain from non-biofortified plants, Zn fertilisation increased the grain Zn, Ca, and Mo concentrations, whereas the foliar application of Se only increased the grain Se concentrations. Double biofortification (combined Zn fertilisation and foliar Se) was more effective for the increased Se concentrations in the grain, in comparison to the Se-only biofortified plants, with the grain Zn, Ca and Mo concentrations remained at the same levels as those for the Zn-only biofortified plants. Except for Ba, Br and Rb, the concentrations of the elements analysed were below the detection limits. Double biofortification might be a feasible strategy to efficiently coordinate the mineral quality of wheat grain, although the considerable concentrations of other essential and non-essential elements should not be neglected.
29
Lucas, Celia, Faustina Fernández e Sancho Bañón. "Mineral Content (Essential and Toxic Elements) of Squid Flesh Is Affected by Maceration with Sodium Salts and Vacuum-Cooking". Foods 11, n. 22 (17 novembre 2022): 3688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11223688.
Abstract (sommario):
Maceration with sodium salts is applied to irmprove water holding capacity in squid-based products. The aim of this work was to determine how the mineral content of squid flesh is affected by maceration and further vacuum-cooking. Atlantic squids (Loligo vulgaris) from two fisheries (FAO areas No. 47 and 34) were sampled. Macrominerals (g/100 g) present in raw flesh were Na, Mg, P, S, K and Ca, while microminerals accounting for >1 mg/kg were Zn, Si, Sr, Fe, Cu, Al and Mn. As a result of maceration (3 + 1.5% w:w NaCl+ Na citrate) and vacuum-cooking (at 65 °C for 20 min), some squid minerals was removed. The levels of Cd and As were reduced by half, while Na content increased from 0.28 to 0.49 g/100 g. Maceration with sodium salts generally led to minerals leaching (except for Na) with the medium. Further cooking produced additional losses of most of the minerals present in macerated squid (except Pb and Cd). Squid microminerals were hardly removed with the cooking juice. The consumption of macerated-cooked squid covered >10% of the recommended dietary intake for Na, P, Zn, Mg and Mn, while health risks were almost negligible and mainly concerned Cd (up to 14% of the probable tolerable weekly intake). The combination of both treatments involves certain loss of most of the essential minerals but also contributes to reducing toxicological risks related to mineral intake through squid products.
30
White, Philip J., John E. Bradshaw, M. Finlay, B. Dale, Gavin Ramsay, John P. Hammond e Martin R. Broadley. "Relationships Between Yield and Mineral Concentrations in Potato Tubers". HortScience 44, n. 1 (febbraio 2009): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.1.6.
Abstract (sommario):
There is concern that modern cultivars and/or agronomic practices have resulted in reduced concentrations of mineral elements essential to human nutrition in edible crops. Increased yields are often associated with reduced concentrations of mineral elements in produce, and a number of recent studies have indicated that, when grown under identical conditions, the concentrations of several mineral elements are lower in genotypes yielding more grain or shoot biomass than in older, lower-yielding genotypes. Potato is a significant crop, grown worldwide, yet few studies have investigated whether increasing yields, through agronomy or breeding, affects the concentrations of mineral elements in tubers. This article examines the hypothesis that increasing yields, either by the application of mineral fertilizers and/or by growing higher-yielding varieties, leads to decreased concentrations of mineral elements in tubers. It reports that the application of fertilizers influences tuber elemental composition in a complex manner, presumably as a consequence of soil chemistry and interactions between mineral elements within the plant, that considerable variation exists between potato genotypes in the concentrations of mineral elements in their tubers, and that, like in other crops, higher-yielding genotypes occasionally have lower concentrations of some mineral elements in their edible tissues than lower-yielding genotypes.
31
Ibrahim, H., A. Haruna e N. Abdullahi. "Proximate and Elemental Analysis of African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum)". Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, n. 2 (15 aprile 2021): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i2.18.
Abstract (sommario):
The proximate and elemental analysis of African star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) using standard analytical techniques was investigated. The proximate composition of the plant showed the values of 54.57 % for carbohydrate, 13.25 % of fat, and 3.85 % of crude protein. The crude fiber and ash content indicates the values of 6.60 % and 4.70 % respectively. The moisture content present (17.03 %) reveals the possibility of having low antimicrobial activities of the plant. The mineral elements present in different concentrations are Ca (706.850 mg/kg), Mg (325.500 mg/kg), Fe (40.875 mg/kg), Cu (3.275 mg/kg), and Zn (4.625 mg/kg). The result shows that the fruit have essential minerals required by human for normal life activities.
Key words: Chrysophyllum albidum, Star apple, Proximate compositions, Mineral elements
32
Coufalík, Pavel, Petra Prochazková, Ondřej Zvěřina, Kateřina Trnková, Kateřina Skácelová, Daniel Nývlt e Josef Komárek. "Freshwater mineral nitrogen and essential elements in autotrophs in James Ross Island, West Antarctica". Polish Polar Research 37, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2016): 477–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popore-2016-0025.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThe lakes and watercourses are habitats for various communities of cyanobacteria and algae, which are among the few primary producers in Antarctica. The amount of nutrients in the mineral-poor Antarctic environment is a limiting factor for the growth of freshwater autotrophs in most cases. In this study, the main aim was to assess the availability of mineral nitrogen for microorganisms in cyanobacterial mats in James Ross Island. The nitrate and ammonium ions in water environment were determined as well as the contents of major elements (C, N, P, S, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn) in cyanobacterial mats. The molar ratios of C:N, C:P and N:P in mats were in focus. The growth of freshwater autotrophs seems not to be limited by the level of nitrogen, according to the content of available mineral nitrogen in water and the biogeochemical stoichiometry of C:N:P. The source of nutrients in the Ulu Peninsula is not obvious. The nitrogen fixation could enhance the nitrogen content in mats, which was observed in some samples containing theNostocsp.
33
Castro, Laura, Maria Luisa Blázquez, Felisa González e Jesús Angel Muñoz. "Bioleaching of Phosphate Minerals Using Aspergillus niger: Recovery of Copper and Rare Earth Elements". Metals 10, n. 7 (20 luglio 2020): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10070978.
Abstract (sommario):
Rare earth elements (REE) are essential in high-technology and environmental applications, where their importance and demand have grown enormously over the past decades. Many lanthanide and actinide minerals in nature are phosphates. Minerals like monazite occur in small concentrations in common rocks that resist weathering. Turquoise is a hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminum scarcely studied as copper ore. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms are able to transform insoluble phosphate into a more soluble form which directly and/or indirectly contributes to their metabolism. In this study, bioleaching of heavy metals from phosphate minerals by using the fungus Aspergillus niger was investigated. Bioleaching experiments were examined in batch cultures with different mineral phosphates: aluminum phosphate (commercial), turquoise, and monazite (natural minerals). The experiments were performed at 1% pulp density and the phosphorous leaching yield was aluminum phosphate > turquoise > monazite. Bioleaching experiments with turquoise showed that A. niger was able to reach 8.81 mg/l of copper in the aqueous phase. Furthermore, the fungus dissolved the aluminum cerium phosphate hydroxide in monazite, reaching up to 1.37 mg/L of REE when the fungus was grown with the mineral as the sole phosphorous source. Furthermore, A. niger is involved in the formation of secondary minerals, such as copper and REE oxalates.
34
Godfrey, Eneogwe Okechukwu, Ibrahim Izihyi Esther e Obuye Faith. "Proximate Composition, Levels of Some Essential Mineral Elements and Anti-Nutritional Components of Some Yam Species Found in Minna, Niger State". Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 12, n. 1 (27 settembre 2022): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.9-16.
Abstract (sommario):
Samples of Dioscorea dumenturom, Dioscorea rotundata and Dioscorea cayenensis were investigated for their proximate composition, anti-nutritional and mineral contents using standard analytical methods. These varieties of Dioscorea analysed showed a significant difference (P≤0.05) amongst them. However, from the results, it was observed that Dioscorea rotundata had the highest ash (8.05±0.05 %) and crude fibre content (13.11±0.10 %) which indicates that it contains more mineral stuffing and is best for softening of stool. Dioscorea cayenensis had the highest fat content (16.31±0.30 %), indicating that it is a better source of calories than other yam species analysed. Dioscorea dumenturom had the lowest moisture content (3.51±0.01 %) as well as the highest crude protein (12.29±0.01 %) and carbohydrates (69.04±0.10 %) than other yam species analysed, indicating its longer shelf-life, high bodybuilding capacity and better source of energy than other yam species analysed. The anti-nutritional constituent of alkaloid and tannin were lowest in Dioscorea cayenensis while Dioscorea rotundata had the least cyanide, phytate and oxalate content. This implies that these particular yams are safer for consumption. The elemental analysis in mg/100g indicated that the yam species contained appreciable levels of essential minerals, with Dioscorea dumenturom having the highest sodium, calcium, iron, potassium, phosphorous and magnesium concentration of 32.05±0.07 mg/100g,190.57±0.01mg/100g, 5.98±0.03 mg/100g, 80.12±0.17 mg/100g, 237.10±0.48 mg/100g and 100.22±0.03 mg/100g respectively. All these mineral concentrations exist within the permissible limit of WHO and hence indicate that the yam species can serve as a good source of minerals.
35
Zhang, Shangqing, Fenghua Zhao, Dongna Liu, Lei Zhao, Xiaohui Zhang, Junwei Lin, Haiyu Dong, Shuang Zhao, Xuefei Liu e Minjie Zan. "Modes of Occurrence of Critical Metal Elements (Li, REEs and Other Critical Elements) in Low-Grade Bauxite from Southern Shanxi Province, China". Minerals 12, n. 8 (4 agosto 2022): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12080990.
Abstract (sommario):
The low-grade bauxite in southern Shanxi Province, China is enriched in multiple critical metal elements, including Li, Ga, V, Se, and rare earth elements (REEs), which have reached the standard of comprehensive utilization as independent deposits or associated resources. Even more importantly, identifying the modes of occurrence of these critical elements is essential for designing technologies to extract critical metals from bauxite ores. This study used a combination of direct (X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometer), and indirect (size sieving method, float-sink experiment, and correlation analysis) methods to effectively reveal the distribution of critical elements in the different identified mineral phases. The results regarding the low-grade bauxite are as follows: Li was mainly hosted in cookeite as an independent mineral; Ga was mainly associated with diaspore; anatase is the main carrier mineral for V; REEs were present in the low-grade bauxite in multiples modes of occurrence, the most common of which were goyazite, and to a lesser extent, florencite; Se primarily occurs in sulfides. This study contributes to the development and utilization of these essential metal resources in bauxite by providing a useful reference.
36
GORAN, Gheorghe Valentin, Liliana TUDOREANU, Elena BADOI, Emanuela BADEA e Victor CRIVINEANU. "Influence of Thermal Preparation Method on Mineral Composition of Shrimps". Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 74, n. 2 (20 novembre 2017): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:0004.
Abstract (sommario):
This study goal was to evaluate the effects of 3 different cooking methods (boiling, roasting, and microwaving) on mineral concentrations of shrimps from the Bucharest market. Mineral content in shrimp samples was evaluated by ICP-OES, and relative humidity was assessed by thermogravimetry. Cooking method insignificantly influenced the level of Fe. Ca and K levels were higher in cooked samples compared to raw shrimps, independent of cooking method. Essential (Cu, Se, and Zn), and non-essential and toxic (Al, Cd, Ni, and Pb) elements levels were significantly increased in boiled shrimps, compared to raw and the other 2 types of cooked samples. Generally, after cooking the lowest values of essential trace elements concentration was registered in roasted samples. The highest percentage of water loss was found in boiled samples. In general, thermal preparation increased mineral concentrations in cooked samples compared to raw shrimps.
37
Spasowska-Czarny, Hanna. "Środowiskowe i prawne uwarunkowania pozyskiwania pierwiastków ziem rzadkich". Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 29, n. 1 (29 marzo 2020): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2020.29.1.197-213.
Abstract (sommario):
<p class="TreA">To run an efficient and well developed economy, it is necessary to procure materials and elements belonging to four main groups, that is energy resources, organic resources, water and mineral resources. Non-energy resources, including critical raw materials, have limited resource base, significant dispersal of minerals and very limited possible substitution. Those resources include rare earth elements, which set directions for contemporary dynamic development of many industries. With the development of innovative technologies, the demand for essential components has grown. The use of rare earth elements to develop energy-efficient technologies is very promising, especially in wind generators and hybrid cars.</p>
38
Brown, Dennis H., e Rosalie M. Brown. "Mineral Cycling and Lichens: The Physiological Basis". Lichenologist 23, n. 3 (luglio 1991): 293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282991000440.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractA number of physiological processes relevant to the role of lichens in mineral cycling are discussed. Consideration is given to the cellular location of positively-charged cations, showing (a) the benefits of quantifying intracellular elements for the interpretation of toxic metal stress, and (b) how distribution patterns of physiologically essential elements may be altered by desiccation and rehydration under field and laboratory conditions. The quantitative significance of these dynamic processes associated with metal uptake and loss requires verification under field conditions. A modified sequential elution procedure is proposed that enables quantification of insoluble paniculate mineral matter (acquired by wet and dry deposition) in addition to soluble elements in intercellular, extracellular-exchangeable and intracellular sites.
39
White, Philip J., Martin R. Broadley e Peter J. Gregory. "Managing the Nutrition of Plants and People". Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/104826.
Abstract (sommario):
One definition of food security is having sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet dietary needs. This paper highlights the role of plant mineral nutrition in food production, delivering of essential mineral elements to the human diet, and preventing harmful mineral elements entering the food chain. To maximise crop production, the gap between actual and potential yield must be addressed. This gap is 15–95% of potential yield, depending on the crop and agricultural system. Current research in plant mineral nutrition aims to develop appropriate agronomy and improved genotypes, for both infertile and productive soils, that allow inorganic and organic fertilisers to be utilised more efficiently. Mineral malnutrition affects two-thirds of the world's population. It can be addressed by the application of fertilisers, soil amelioration, and the development of genotypes that accumulate greater concentrations of mineral elements lacking in human diets in their edible tissues. Excessive concentrations of harmful mineral elements also compromise crop production and human health. To reduce the entry of these elements into the food chain, strict quality requirements for fertilisers might be enforced, agronomic strategies employed to reduce their phytoavailability, and crop genotypes developed that do not accumulate high concentrations of these elements in edible tissues.
40
Singh, B. K., S. R. Sharma e B. Singh. "Genetic Variability, Inheritance and Correlation for Mineral Contents in Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea Var. Capitata L.)". Journal of Horticultural Research 21, n. 1 (1 giugno 2013): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johr-2013-0013.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Brassica vegetables are important sources of dietary minerals. However, information on the inheritance and correlation for content of mineral elements such as iron, zinc, copper, manganese, potassium, and calcium in cabbage, which is essential if the quality of this vegetable is to be improved through breeding, is not available. Therefore, the experiment was set up with seventy-one cabbage genotypes including cultivars, germplasm and F1 hybrids grown in field. Mineral composition of the genotypes tested differed highly significantly indicating the presence of adequate amount of variability. A high heritability (>80%) accompanied by high genetic advance as percentage of mean (>40%) for uptake and accumulation of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Ca indicates the predominance of additive gene, which could be improved by hybridization followed by selection breeding approach. Nevertheless, heterosis breeding would be an imperative in increasing the K content in cabbage heads as indicated by non-additive gene action for K accumulation having high heritability (>80%) and low genetic advance as percentage of mean (<30%). Moreover, both additive and non-additive genes were responsible for individual head weight. A positive correlation for Fe, Zn and Mn contents with other minerals will help in simultaneous selection of mineral elements. Nevertheless, major yield contributing ‘head weight’ was negatively correlated with minerals content and emphasized the selection of smaller head size to maintain the higher minerals content in tissues of cabbage heads. Hence, assessing the heritability, inheritance and correlation for minerals would be useful in the developing mineral-rich and productive genotypes.
41
Kosanovic, Melita, Mohamed Y. Hasan, George Petroianu, Ahmed Marzouqi, Omar Abdularhman e Abdu Adem. "Assessment of Essential and Toxic Mineral Elements in Bitter Gourd (Momordica Charantia)Fruit". International Journal of Food Properties 12, n. 4 (31 luglio 2009): 766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942910802054312.
42
Christy, Andrew G., Igor V. Pekov e Sergey V. Krivovichev. "The Distinctive Mineralogy of Carbonatites". Elements 17, n. 5 (1 ottobre 2021): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.17.5.333.
Abstract (sommario):
The mineralogy of carbonatites reflects both the diversity of the sources of their parent magmas and their unusual chemistry. Carbonatites contain diverse suites of both primary magmatic minerals and later hydrothermal products. We present a summary of the variety of minerals found in carbon-atites, and note the economic importance of some of them, particularly those that are major sources of “critical elements”, such as Nb and rare earth elements (REEs), which are essential for modern technological applications. Selected mineral groups are then discussed in detail: the REE carbonates, the alkali-rich ephemeral minerals that are rarely preserved but that may be important in the petrogenesis of carbonatites and their metasomatic haloes in adjacent rocks, and the Nb-rich oxides of the pyrochlore supergroup.
43
Romharsha, Hawaibam, e Chungkham Sarojnalini. "Proximate Composition, Total Amino Acids and Essential Mineral Elements of Some Cyprinid Fishes of Manipur, India". Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 6, n. 1 (27 marzo 2018): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.6.1.18.
Abstract (sommario):
Fish is an excellent irreplaceable source of animal protein, low fat and many vital micronutrients. The purpose of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition with special emphasis on the essential mineral contents of six cyprinid fish species (Cabdio ukhrulensis, Raiamas guttatus, Salmostoma sladoni, Schistura khugae, Systomus clavatus and Tor tor) of Manipur, India. Moisture, protein, lipid, ash and total amino acid (TAA) content were determined. Mineral content was determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The highest moisture, total protein and TAA were recorded in the edible portion of T. tor (76.43±0.15%, 26.24±0.62% and 720.75±1.3 mg/100g respectively). The highest total lipid was recorded in S. sladoni (4.93±0.11%) and the ash content ranged from 7.87-14.13% is positively correlated with calcium, magnesium, manganese and zinc content at the correlation co-efficiencies of 0.77, 0.63, 0.29 and 0.32 respectively. When comparing the mineral contents among the species, calcium ranges from 164.38 to 2298 mg/100g, magnesium from 58.10 to 310 mg/100g, sodium from 70 to 107.60 mg/100g, potassium from 24.92 to 137.50 mg/100g, manganese from 0.32 to 1.99 mg/100g, copper from 0.19 to 0.41 mg/100g, zinc from 0.17 to 3.47 mg/100g and iron from 7.91 to 38.04 mg/100g. According to Recommended Dietary Allowances, the species will made potential contribution of calcium, magnesium, manganese and iron in the health of human beings. This study shows diversity in essential mineral elements of the above fishes of Manipur.
44
Ciudad-Mulero, María, José Pinela, Ana Maria Carvalho, Lillian Barros, Virginia Fernández-Ruiz, Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira, María de Cortes Sánchez-Mata e Patricia Morales. "Bioaccessibility of Macrominerals and Trace Elements from Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Farmers’ Varieties". Foods 11, n. 13 (2 luglio 2022): 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11131968.
Abstract (sommario):
Traditional farmers’ varieties of tomato grown under extensive farming techniques are considered delicious and healthy foods and are preferred by local consumers. Tomatoes are an important component of a healthy diet, as they provide essential micronutrients, including minerals, which are vital to healthy development, disease prevention, and wellbeing. Given the considerable dietary intake of tomatoes and the scarcity of information about the bioaccessibility of inorganic constituents in this fruit, this study was carried out to evaluate the content and bioaccessibility of minerals (macro- and microelements) in tomato farmers’ varieties widely cultivated in northeastern Portugal homegardens. Among the macroelements, K stood out as the most abundant mineral in the studied varieties, followed by Mg, Ca, and Na. Regarding the microelements, while the yellow tomato had higher concentrations of Fe and Cu, the round tomato had more Zn and Mn. The in vitro bioaccessibility assessment showed that, among the macroelements, Mg was more bioaccessible than Ca and K when all the tomato varieties were considered together. Among the microelements, Cu seemed to be the most bioaccessible. Although the contribution of a 100 g serving of the studied tomato farmers’ varieties to the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) of minerals is relatively low, this food could contribute to reaching these mineral requirements, as it is included in the diet of most of the population, especially in Mediterranean regions.
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Rada, Maria, Delia Mira Berceanu-Vaduva, Milan Daniel Velimirovici, Simona Dragan, Bianca Berceanu-Vaduva, Marcel Mihai Berceanu-Vaduva, Adina Negrea, Marcel Danci e Dana Emilia Velimirovici. "Mineral Microelements in Walnut Oil and their Role in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases". Revista de Chimie 71, n. 5 (29 maggio 2020): 380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.5.8148.
Abstract (sommario):
Currently, the literature data regarding the concentration of microelements in walnut oil are low, most of them being related to their presence in the walnut core. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of essential and toxic mineral elements from walnut oil marketed in Timisoara (Romania) and to evaluate the mineral contribution of this important food in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The paper presents the results obtained in determining the content of some essential and toxic microelements of the native walnut oil, used as dietary food. The results obtained from the analysis of the essential and toxic mineral elements, by Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) method, reveal that the walnut oil samples analyzed contain noticeable amounts of: Fe (2,576 - 3,621 mg/kg), Mn (1,876 - 1,783 mg/kg), Zn (1,120 - 1,782 mg/kg), low Cu (0.185 - 0.226 mg/kg), Cr (0.088 - 0.154 mg/kg) and Ni (0.052 - 0.081 mg/kg) and very low Co (0.001 - 0.003 mg / kg). Pb and Cd, elements with pronounced toxic potential, were identified in very low concentrations: 0.020 - 0.031 mg/kg Pb, respectively 0.001 - 0.002 mg /kg Cd. The results obtained when evaluating the mineral intake show that, under the conditions of this experiment, a daily consumption of 30 g of walnut oil cannot be considered as the only additional source of microelements.
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de Oliveira, Natália M., Lara Lopes, Maria Helena Chéu, Eugénio Soares, Diana Meireles e Jorge Machado. "Updated Mineral Composition and Potential Therapeutic Properties of Different Varieties of Olive Leaves from Olea europaea". Plants 12, n. 4 (17 febbraio 2023): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12040916.
Abstract (sommario):
Olea europaea L. folium has been studied for its potential nutraceutical properties. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted on samples of Madural, Verdeal, and Cobrançosa elementary leaves and leave sprouts (mamões) collected in the region of Valpaços, Portugal. Mineral analysis determined the measurements of the levels of several macro- and micro-elements based on ICP-MS techniques. The inorganic analysis in this work allowed us to propose olive leaf extract (OLE) from different cultivars as a viable and affordable source of mineral substrates to address disorders related to essential elements such as Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, and Cu deficiencies. Given the importance of the research on novel therapies, finding a suitable substrate for extracting quality amounts of mineral is a priority. The physiological influence of enzymes dependent on minerals with regard to neuroinflammatory and neurobehavioral, metabolic, cardiovascular, osteodegenerative, anti-aging, pulmonary, and immunological defense disorders might dictate the importance of further research for designing supplementation based on the nutraceutical potential of OLE of these cultivars predominant in the northern region of Portugal.
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Rosita, Widya, Dea Anisa Ayu Besari, I. Made Bendiyasa, Indra Perdana, Ferian Anggara e Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus. "Potency of Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium in Indonesia Coal Ash". Key Engineering Materials 849 (giugno 2020): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.849.102.
Abstract (sommario):
Indonesia coal ash is predicted to reach 10.8 million tons in the year 2020 but its utilization is still limited. In the last decade, coal ash has become a promising REY source candidate. To determine the potency of REY in Indonesia coal ash, information about element concentration and mineralogy of the ash is essential. In this study, coal ash samples were taken from Paiton-2, Pacitan, Rembang, and Tanjung Jati coal-fired power plants. Element content and mineralogy were analyzed using Inductive Couple Plasma Mass Spectroscopy/Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-MS/AES), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and petrographic. The results showed that coal fly ash and bottom ash contains critical REY in the range of 38% to 41% with Coutlook larger than one. XRD analysis showed that both fly ash and bottom ash have similar mineral phases with slightly different concentrations. The mineral phase is dominated by amorphous glass, quartz, Fe-bearing minerals, and unburned carbon. The amorphous glass phase in fly ash is in the range of 23 to 34% while in bottom ash between 14 and 34%. Unburned carbon content in fly ash and bottom ashes are 7-13% and 7-19%, respectively. Fe-bearing mineral content in fly ash is 15-20% and bottom ash is 13-20%. In addition, Indonesia coal ash has a higher Heavy-REY enrichment factor than Light-REY. The Enrichment Factor of HREY in fly ash is as much as 1.3 times (in average) of the bottom ash.
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Jovanovski, Filip, e Viktorija Bezhovska. "MAGNESIUM AS NECESSARY MINERAL IN THE RIGHT DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN ORGANISM". Knowledge International Journal 28, n. 4 (10 dicembre 2018): 1227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28041227f.
Abstract (sommario):
Minerals are inorganic elements that are part of the tissue of the plants and animals themselves, they are found in the composition of food products and participate in the building of tissues and organs in the human organism. Mineral matters are basic building materials and they make up 4-5% of the the mass of the human body. Minerals can be found in almost every cell, tissue, and organs. They are important ingredients of essential molecules (thyroxine, hemoglobin, vitamin B12, etc.). Minerals are important cofactors in numerous enzymatic reactions that form the solid part of the bones. In addition, mineral substances maintain the pH, osmotic pressure, help in the transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction, processes of energy generation in the body and participate in almost all other metabolic processes. Magnesium is a very important mineral for the health of the whole body because it participates in more than 300 biochemical reactions in the body. Magnesium is the fourth most abundant mineral in the body. About 50% of the total magnesium level is found in bones, and the rest is in cells, tissues, and organs. Only 1% of magnesium is found in the blood.
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Morrison, Shaunna, Simone Runyon e Robert Hazen. "The Paleomineralogy of the Hadean Eon Revisited". Life 8, n. 4 (17 dicembre 2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life8040064.
Abstract (sommario):
A preliminary list of plausible near-surface minerals present during Earth’s Hadean Eon (>4.0 Ga) should be expanded to include: (1) phases that might have formed by precipitation of organic crystals prior to the rise of predation by cellular life; (2) minerals associated with large bolide impacts, especially through the generation of hydrothermal systems in circumferential fracture zones; and (3) local formation of minerals with relatively oxidized transition metals through abiological redox processes, such as photo-oxidation. Additional mineral diversity arises from the occurrence of some mineral species that form more than one ‘natural kind’, each with distinct chemical and morphological characteristics that arise by different paragenetic processes. Rare minerals, for example those containing essential B, Mo, or P, are not necessary for the origins of life. Rather, many common minerals incorporate those and other elements as trace and minor constituents. A rich variety of chemically reactive sites were thus available at the exposed surfaces of common Hadean rock-forming minerals.
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Pontieri, Paola, Jacopo Troisi, Roberta Romano, Graziano Pizzolante, Scott R. Bean, Michael Tilley, Mario Motto et al. "Nutritional composition of a selected white food-grade waxy sorghum variety grown in Mediterranean environment". SEPTEMBER 2020, n. 14(9):2020 (20 settembre 2020): 1525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.09.p2783.
Abstract (sommario):
A white food-grade waxy sorghum Tw variety, grown in two Mediterranean sites (named Tw1M and Tw1S) was evaluated for nutrient composition and fatty acid- and mineral concentrations in order to determine the suitability of producing waxy sorghum for human uses in southern Italy. The nutritional values of the grains of the Tw inbred line grown in the two trial fields were substantially the same, except for slight differences in ash level and accordingly slight variation in mineral composition. In samples from both locations, a higher percentage of K was observed among the nutritionally essential macro-elements, and higher percentages of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Al among the nutritionally essential micro-element along with a strong difference in Cd content was among trace elements. Across both sites linoleic, oleic and palmitic were the most abundant fatty acids, while very slight variations in the content of minerals were found among the two samples examined. These results demonstrate the importance of developing agronomically productive waxy sorghum varieties suitable for growth in non-traditional sorghum producing regions both as a food and feed crop (i.e. with good nutritional quality) and for utilization in new products at the industrial level.