Tesi sul tema "Essais de traction. nanoindentation"
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Vedi i top-50 saggi (tesi di laurea o di dottorato) per l'attività di ricerca sul tema "Essais de traction. nanoindentation".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Vedi le tesi di molte aree scientifiche e compila una bibliografia corretta.
Gasmi, Assia. "Effet de la nanostructuration sur le comportement thermomécanique du Nitinol". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UMONS018.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the shape memory alloy NiTi, with a specific emphasis on the influence of the surface nanostructuring process SMAT on its thermomechanical behavior. Through four distinct chapters, it revisits the main characteristics of shape memory alloys (SMAs), highlighting the exceptional properties of the NiTi alloy and exploring the surface nanocrystallization treatment (SMAT). Microstructural characterization is then deeply investigated, particularly by studying the effects of annealing heat treatment and SMAT on phase transition. The third chapter focuses on thermomechanical analysis methods suitable for NiTi, examining tensile tests and nanoindentation. Finally, the fourth chapter analyzes the thermomechanical characterization of the alloy before and after SMAT treatment, highlighting the implications of these transformations on its overall behavior.This thesis contributes to understanding the effects of the SMAT process on the NiTi alloy, revealing links between microstructure, present phases, and mechanical properties. The results offer promising perspectives for better control of the properties of the NiTi alloy.The results obtained for different SMAT treatments show that this process modifies the mechanical response of the material. It also has an influence on its initial state, as illustrated by differences in DSC curves. Kinematic (strain rate fields) and calorimetric (heat source field) measurements also indicate notable differences in responses depending on SMAT processing parameters. Exploration of behavior during load/unload cycles shows a response that stabilizes after a few cycles. Coupling effects seem to be predominant compared to dissipative effects. These observations should be extended to fatigue loading to better highlight any dissipative effects. Similarly, the use of more elaborate interpretation models would allow better consideration of structural effects and enrich the understanding of the relationship between the process and property evolutions
Chentouf, Sid-Ahmed. "Simulation et essais dynamiques sur stators de moteurs de traction". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776475.
Testo completoChentouf, Sid-Hamed Benabdallah. "Simulation et essais dynamiques sur stators de moteurs de traction". Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA2002/document.
Testo completoMastering numerical simulations of the behaviour of railway stators remains an important challenge for designers. This allows both the understanding of some physical phenomena and the improvement of design in presence of different sources of uncertainties. The approach proposed in this work consists firstly on building and validating a numerical model of a typical design stator. By carrying out numerical-experimental confrontations and updating models, this first step allowed us to characterize the mean behavior of this heterogeneous assembling and mainly to establish generic modeling rules for other design stators. The second part of this work deals with the investigation of uncertainties affecting the structure or its model. In order to take into account all uncertainties types while performing a calculation of uncertainties propagation, a stochastic hybrid method, combining parametric and non-parametric models, was proposed. Because of the large sizes of finite element models of stators, the problem is treated in a component mode synthesis context. It amounts to carry out an approach reanalysis. In order to ensure a good compromise between reasonable calculation times and an acceptable precision, a generalized variant of the Combined Approximations method (VCA) has been introduced and adapted to component mode synthesis. The VCA method allows both a significant gain in computation time, comparing to an exact calculation, and a high robustness performance comparing to a standard reduction method or an improved method by static residual vectors
Kermouche, Guillaume. "Contribution à la modélisation théorique et numérique des essais d'indentation et de rayure". Lyon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECDLA001.
Testo completoIndentation and scratch tests are non destructive local tests. Therefore they are very used to measure the local rheology of materials near the surface and to characterize the mechanical properties of interface. Despite their apparent simplicity, the theoretical mechanical analysis of the results obtained with such tests is very complex. The aim of this work is to improve our comprehension of these tests with the help of simplified analytical models and finite element modeling. The first part of this document is related to indentation testing. An approximate solution of the cone indentation of strain-hardening von Mises elastoplastic solids is proposed and checked with the help of finite element modeling. Time dependent solids, such as viscoelastic and elastic-viscoplastic solids, are then studied and the elastoplastic solution is extended to the case of Bingham-Norton elastic-viscoplastic materials. Finally, a nano-indentation identification method of mechanical properties of materials is proposed and applied to the mechanical characterization of glassy polymers. This method is then applied to PMMA. The second part of this document is related to scratch testing. A remeshing algorithm based on nodes repositioning has been specially developed for the finite element modeling of the scratch of coated and uncoated materials. This algorithm is then used to qualify the behavior of elastoplastic materials and time-dependent solids under scratching loading. These results are then applied to improve our comprehension of the impact-sliding wear of a stainless steel in nuclear reactor. Finally, a conclusion is brought discussing the use of finite element analysis to solve problems related to surface mechanics
Brara, Ahmed. "Étude expérimentale de la traction dynamique du béton par écaillage". Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Brara.Ahmed.SMZ9928.pdf.
Testo completoGuérin, Jean-Dominique. "Analyse des essais de compression et de traction des aciers après solidification in situ et des essais d'indentation des aciers phosphatés". Valenciennes, 1993. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b769f69b-4777-454d-94ad-c3bac6b6fab1.
Testo completoAlami, Jaafar el. "Recherche par des essais de traction lente des conditions de corrosion sous contrainte d'aciers faiblement allies". Paris, ENSAM, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENAM0006.
Testo completoAlami, Jaafar el. "Recherche par des essais de traction lente des conditions de corrosion sous contraintes d'aciers faiblement alliés". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376021720.
Testo completoWaltz, Laurent. "Comportement mécanique de structures multicouches obtenues par co-laminage de tôles nanostructurées : essais et simulation". Troyes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0017.
Testo completoMany studies have shown that metallic materials with a grain size in the nanometer range exhibit enhanced physical, mechanical and chemical properties in comparison with their coarse grained counterparts. Several nanocristallisation techniques exploiting different physical principles have emerged. In this thesis, the surface nanocrystallisation technique SMAT has been used for the generation of nanocrystalline layers in 316L stainless steel and in pure copper. It has been shown that the SMA-Treatment achieves an unusual grain refinement in the surface layers of the treated materials, and leads to a considrable improvement of their mechanical behaviour. A new method has been proposed to increase the volume fraction of nanograins within the material, thus improving its mechanical strength. This so-called duplex process is a combination of the SMAT for the nanocrystallisation of the materials and the co-rolling process to produce a junction between the different sheets of a stack of MATed sheets. Thus, multilayer structures with increased volume fraction of nanograins and high mechanical strength are obtained. The corolled samples have been characterised through various mechanical tests and a careful microstructural study. A finite element model of a SMATed stainless steel has also been developed
Bollo-Kamara, Nicholas Odunola. "Étude de la mobilisation du frottement d'un géotextile sollicite en traction dans un milieu analogique bidimensionnel". Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0071.
Testo completoThis thesis contributes to the understanding of the mechanism (friction) governing the behaviour of fabrics (geotextiles) subjected to tensile forces. A review of existing literature on friction mobilisation at soil-geotextile interface as well as test methods (shear and pull out or extraction) with respect to the latter are presented. A theoretical analysis of the behaviour of geotextiles under extraction in non cohesive soils is arso resented. The resulting constitutive relationships provide the basis for the exploitation of the pull out tests carried out to determine the interface law parameters. The experimental study includes pull out tests in a bidimensional analogue model (SCHNEEBELI's cylindrical steel rollers), and friction tests using shear equipement for an eventual comparison with the extraction test results
Breuils, Jacques. "Caractérisation par nanoindentation de surfaces métalliques fonctionnalisées". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAD044.
Testo completoWorks performed during this thesis were dedicated to development of tools allowing:(i) To estimate using nanoindentation tests the level of biaxial residual stresses introduced within a 2050-T8 aluminium alloy. We propose an estimation method that couples experimental nanoindentation tests, residual imprints observation and numerical evaluation of the impact of elastic biaxial residual stresses on the geometries of residual indentation imprints. And (ii) the determination by nanoindentation of the mechanical behavior of an ultra-thin oxide film, between 15 to 20nm thickness, formed on a dual phased Duplex stainless steel. We developed a characterization method that couples analysis of experimental nanoindentation tests using several indenters with known tip defects, and reproduction of these tests in 3D finite element simulations using the true indenters' geometries
Poilâne, Christophe. "CARACTÉRISATION MÉCANIQUE DES MATÉRIAUX EN FAIBLE ÉPAISSEUR PAR INTERFÉROMÉTRIE NUMÉRIQUE. APPLICATION AUX ESSAIS DE GONFLEMENT ET DE TRACTION". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326993.
Testo completoLa projection de franges permet de mesurer la carte des déplacement hors-plan. Elle est adaptée à la mesure des contraintes résiduelles dans les films minces par analyses de courbure et/ou essais de gonflement. On montre suite à trois études expérimentales :
1. la précaution à prendre dans l'utilisation de la formule de Stoney même pour des bicouches libre-libre (SiO2/Si) ;
2. la présence de flambage dans les membranes bicouches comprimées encastré-encastré (SiO2/Si) ;
3. un parfait accord entre essais de gonflement et essais de nano-indentation pour des films tendus (polimiide).
La photographie numérique de speckle permet de mesurer la carte des déplacements dans le plan. Elle est adaptée avec succès à un banc d'essais de traction conçu durant la thèse et spécialement dédié aux films minces. Un algorithme original de calcul a été développé pour obtenir une résolution subpixel. Les performances de l'algorithme sont comparées par des simulations et des expériences aux algorithmes classiques de corrélation. Sa rapidité et sa haute résolution permettent de calculer les cartes de déplacements en temps réel. Les déformations dans le plan en sont déduites et permettent le tracé des courbes contrainte/déformation puis le calcul du module d'Young E et du coefficient de Poisson v. Les matériaux choisis pour valider le banc d'essai sont le cuivre électrodéposé, matériaux ductile, puis le silicium monocristallin, matériaux fragile.
Pichon, Eric. "Etude des propriétés mécaniques du cheveu : Essais de traction et de relaxation : modèlisation : rôle de divers facteurs expérimentaux". Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2014.
Testo completoMiroud, Lakhdar. "Étude par traction lente de la corrosion sous contrainte des aciers au carbone en milieu alcalin : rôle des inhibiteurs passivants". Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD371.
Testo completoRégal, Xavier. "Caractérisation du comportement en traction du béton sous fortes sollicitations : essais de flexion trois points aux barres de Hopkinson". Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2003/document.
Testo completoThe concrete is one of the most widely used constructional materials. However, its tensile behavior in dynamic is yet not perfectly known. In order to design concrete structures and predict their collapse in the case of industrial accidents, it is mandatory to know its tensile strength. This property depends on the different solicitations to which the concrete can be exposed. In order to characterize the tensile strength of a R30A7 concrete and its dependence on the strain rate, three points bending tests are performed in static and dynamic cases. For this purpose, the most recent standards are used in the static tests. The dynamic ones are carried out with the split Hopkinson pressure bars. This device allows to perform dynamic tests with both the speed and effort loading measurements. Moreover a high speed camera is used to record these experiments in order to acquire full-field displacement measurements with the help of the digital image correlation. Tools using these fields are created to detect the apparition of the crack in one hand, and to follow the crack propagation in the other hand. All these experimental devices and the use of different models, some of which take in account the sample damage, make it possible to determinate the evolution of the tensile strength depending on the strain rate. This work brings forward the fact that ignoring the material damage increases the tensile strength obtain from the tests
Reviron, Nanthilde. "Étude du fluage des bétons en traction : application aux enceintes de confinement des centrales nucléaires à eau sous pression". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00457486/fr/.
Testo completoThe aim of this work is to study experimentally and to conduct numerical simulations on the creep of concrete subjected to tensile stresses. The main purpose is to predict the behaviour of containment vessels of nuclear power plants (PWR) in the case of decennial test or accident. In order to satisfy to these industrial needs, it is necessary to characterize the behaviour of concrete under uniaxial tension. Thus, an important experimental study of tensile creep in concrete has been performed for different loading levels (50%, 70% and 90% of the tensile strength). In these tests, load was kept constant during 3 days. Several tests were performed: measurements of elastic properties and strength (in tension and in compression), monitoring of drying, shrinkage, basic creep and drying creep strains. Moreover, compressive creep tests were also performed and showed a difference with tensile creep. Furthermore, decrease of tensile strength and failure under tensile creep for large loading levels were observed. A numerical model has been proposed and developed in Cast3m finite element code
Clément, Phillipe. "Détermination des propriétés mécaniques de céramiques poreuses par essais de microindentation instrumentée sphérique". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0030/document.
Testo completoThe objective of this study is to develop a methodology to characterize the mechanical behaviour of porous inorganic materials. Spherical instrumented indentation tests were used to determine the mechanical properties of a model material, gypsum, with two different porosities (30 and 60% vol.). Classical analytical methods, initially developed for nano-indentation, were used to extract the hardness and the elastic modulus of both materials, as well as stress-strain indentation curves. A methodology has been detailed in order to apply spherical indentation test to study high porous ceramics. To complete this analytical analysis, a numerical approach is used to identify an elastoplastic constitutive law for the material model. A 2D axisymmetric finite element model was developed to simulate spherical indentation tests. An inverse identification module, MIC2M, was then used to identify parameters associated to Drücker-Prager criterion (cohesion, friction and dilatancy) by minimizing the error between the experimental and the simulated indentation curves. These parameters were validated through the numerical simulation of a Vickers indentation test. Uniaxial compression and oedometer tests were also carried out on cylindrical samples to estimate the accuracy of the identified parameters. The mechanisms occurring during indentation were investigated using RX tomography and SEM. A large densified zone was noted below the indented area, with extensive gypsum crystal fracture. No macroscopic brittle crack could be observed confirming the differences between the mechanical behaviour of high porous ceramics and dense ceramics. The methodology developed in this study was applied to calcium phosphate cements, widely used for bone substitution. In-vitro degradation tests were performed on cylindrical samples of cements during 2 months into a refreshed Phosphate Buffered Saline solution. The micro-indentation method was enabled to follow mechanical properties of degraded samples and was discriminant enough to monitor the degradation process and its kinetics. Results showed a good correlation between evolutions of mechanical and physico-chemical properties of the cement investigated by X-ray diffraction and SEM. Thus, after initial cement dissolution, precipitation of more stable phosphate calcium phases implied an increase of the mechanical properties during aging. This method seems to be a promising tool for monitoring biomedical explants properties and, more generally, high porous ceramics
Lacombe, Geneviève. "Détermination de la forgeabilité à froid des aciers à bas taux de carbone par essais de compression et de traction". Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPI259.
Testo completoRevaux, Thierry. "Essais de caractérisation mécanique d'alliages métalliques après refusion et solidification in situ". Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/6951ee34-db16-4128-a234-31197a341776.
Testo completoRoy, Sébastien. "Mesure de l'adhérence et des propriétés mécaniques de couches minces par des essais dérivés de la nanoindentation : application à la microélectronique et au biomédical". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00289845.
Testo completoRoy, Simon, e Simon Roy. "Conception optimale d'une chaîne de traction électrique pour une voiture de type Formule SAE". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27117.
Testo completoTableau d'honneur de la FÉSP
La Formule SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) est une compétition étudiante consistant en la conception et la fabrication d'une voiture de course monoplace. De nombreux événements sont organisés à chaque année au cours desquels plusieurs universités rivalisent entre elles lors d'épreuves dynamiques et statiques. Celles-ci comprennent l'évaluation de la conception, l'évaluation des coûts de fabrication, l'accélération de la voiture, etc. Avec plus de 500 universités participantes et des événements annuels sur tous les continents, il s'agit de la plus importante compétition d'ingénierie étudiante au monde. L'équipe ULaval Racing a participé pendant plus de 20 ans aux compétitions annuelles réservées aux voitures à combustion. Afin de s'adapter à l'électrification des transports et aux nouvelles compétitions destinées aux voitures électriques, l'équipe a conçu et fabriqué une chaîne de traction électrique haute performance destinée à leur voiture 2015. L'approche traditionnelle employée pour concevoir une motorisation électrique consiste à imposer les performances désirées. Ces critères comprennent l'inclinaison maximale que la voiture doit pouvoir gravir, l'autonomie désirée ainsi qu'un profil de vitesse en fonction du temps, ou tout simplement un cycle routier. Cette approche n'est malheureusement pas appropriée pour la conception d'une traction électrique pour une voiture de type Formule SAE. Ce véhicule n'étant pas destiné à la conduite urbaine ou à la conduite sur autoroute, les cycles routiers existants ne sont pas représentatifs des conditions d'opération du bolide à concevoir. Ainsi, la réalisation de ce projet a nécessité l'identification du cycle d'opération routier sur lequel le véhicule doit opérer. Il sert de point de départ à la conception de la chaîne de traction composée des moteurs, de la batterie ainsi que des onduleurs de tension. L'utilisation d'une méthode de dimensionnement du système basée sur un algorithme d'optimisation génétique, suivie d'une optimisation locale couplée à une analyse par éléments-finis a permis l'obtention d'une solution optimale pour les circuits de type Formule SAE. La chaîne de traction conçue a été fabriquée et intégrée dans un prototype de voiture de l'équipe ULaval Racing lors de la saison 2015 afin de participer à diverses compétitions de voitures électriques.
La Formule SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) est une compétition étudiante consistant en la conception et la fabrication d'une voiture de course monoplace. De nombreux événements sont organisés à chaque année au cours desquels plusieurs universités rivalisent entre elles lors d'épreuves dynamiques et statiques. Celles-ci comprennent l'évaluation de la conception, l'évaluation des coûts de fabrication, l'accélération de la voiture, etc. Avec plus de 500 universités participantes et des événements annuels sur tous les continents, il s'agit de la plus importante compétition d'ingénierie étudiante au monde. L'équipe ULaval Racing a participé pendant plus de 20 ans aux compétitions annuelles réservées aux voitures à combustion. Afin de s'adapter à l'électrification des transports et aux nouvelles compétitions destinées aux voitures électriques, l'équipe a conçu et fabriqué une chaîne de traction électrique haute performance destinée à leur voiture 2015. L'approche traditionnelle employée pour concevoir une motorisation électrique consiste à imposer les performances désirées. Ces critères comprennent l'inclinaison maximale que la voiture doit pouvoir gravir, l'autonomie désirée ainsi qu'un profil de vitesse en fonction du temps, ou tout simplement un cycle routier. Cette approche n'est malheureusement pas appropriée pour la conception d'une traction électrique pour une voiture de type Formule SAE. Ce véhicule n'étant pas destiné à la conduite urbaine ou à la conduite sur autoroute, les cycles routiers existants ne sont pas représentatifs des conditions d'opération du bolide à concevoir. Ainsi, la réalisation de ce projet a nécessité l'identification du cycle d'opération routier sur lequel le véhicule doit opérer. Il sert de point de départ à la conception de la chaîne de traction composée des moteurs, de la batterie ainsi que des onduleurs de tension. L'utilisation d'une méthode de dimensionnement du système basée sur un algorithme d'optimisation génétique, suivie d'une optimisation locale couplée à une analyse par éléments-finis a permis l'obtention d'une solution optimale pour les circuits de type Formule SAE. La chaîne de traction conçue a été fabriquée et intégrée dans un prototype de voiture de l'équipe ULaval Racing lors de la saison 2015 afin de participer à diverses compétitions de voitures électriques.
The Formula SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) is a student engineering competition for which students design, build and race a single-seater racing car. Multiple events are organized every year during which the teams can compete against other universities. With more than 500 teams participating worldwide, it is the biggest student engineering competition in the world. The tests include the evaluation of the design, production costs, acceleration of the car, etc. The ULaval Racing team participated during more than 20 years at the annual Michigan competition reserved for internal combustion racecars. In order to adapt to the electrification of transportation and to the new competitions reserved for electric cars, the team designed and manufactured a high performance electric powertrain for their 2015 car. The traditional approach used to design an electric powertrain is to set the desired performances of the vehicle. These criteria include the maximum incline that the car must be able to climb, the desired range and a speed profile over time, also known as road cycle. Unfortunately, this approach is not suitable for the design of an electric powertrain for use in a Formula SAE racecar. Since this type of vehicle is not intended for city driving nor highway driving, the existing road cycles are not representative of the expected operating conditions. The realization of this project required the identification of the road cycle on which the vehicle will operate. It is used as a starting point for the design of the powertrain, which includes the electric motors, the battery pack and the power inverters. The use of a genetic optimization algorithm, followed by a local optimization coupled to a finite element analysis tool yielded an optimal solution suitable for the Formula SAE type race tracks. The drivetrain was designed, manufactured and integrated into the 2015 ULaval Racing vehicle. The car participated in various competitions intended for electric racecars and received multiple awards for its inovative design and its performance.
The Formula SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) is a student engineering competition for which students design, build and race a single-seater racing car. Multiple events are organized every year during which the teams can compete against other universities. With more than 500 teams participating worldwide, it is the biggest student engineering competition in the world. The tests include the evaluation of the design, production costs, acceleration of the car, etc. The ULaval Racing team participated during more than 20 years at the annual Michigan competition reserved for internal combustion racecars. In order to adapt to the electrification of transportation and to the new competitions reserved for electric cars, the team designed and manufactured a high performance electric powertrain for their 2015 car. The traditional approach used to design an electric powertrain is to set the desired performances of the vehicle. These criteria include the maximum incline that the car must be able to climb, the desired range and a speed profile over time, also known as road cycle. Unfortunately, this approach is not suitable for the design of an electric powertrain for use in a Formula SAE racecar. Since this type of vehicle is not intended for city driving nor highway driving, the existing road cycles are not representative of the expected operating conditions. The realization of this project required the identification of the road cycle on which the vehicle will operate. It is used as a starting point for the design of the powertrain, which includes the electric motors, the battery pack and the power inverters. The use of a genetic optimization algorithm, followed by a local optimization coupled to a finite element analysis tool yielded an optimal solution suitable for the Formula SAE type race tracks. The drivetrain was designed, manufactured and integrated into the 2015 ULaval Racing vehicle. The car participated in various competitions intended for electric racecars and received multiple awards for its inovative design and its performance.
Syerko, Oléna. "Tensile and bending behavior of dry fibrous materials : experimental study and modeling by multi-scale asymptotic homogenization approach". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10154.
Testo completoDry fiber reinforcements used in structural composites consist of arrangements of yarns themselves consisting of alignments of thousands of fibers. Due to the complex multi-scale architecture and low cohesion between their constituents, they exhibit tensile properties several orders of magnitude higher than the bending ones. This work aims at studying the tensile and bending behaviors of fibrous materials, taking into account their meso-scale architecture, both experimentally and analytically. Woven fabrics, owing a periodic and corrugated geometry of their inter-weaved yarns, are under consideration. A new methodology has been developed for the modeling of the stress-strain state of corrugated structures (with fastly variable parameters) re-projecting applied forces, moments, and displacements on the neutral axis of the structure. The exact solutions for the problems about tension and bending of a beam have been obtained. In parallel, fabrics and constituting yarns have been tested on a bending set-up based on the cantilever principle. Tensile tests have also been performed on yarns extracted from the considered fabrics. Tensile and bending properties of yarns have been identified from tests coupling image analysis and inverse method. In general, the experimental results have demonstrated the link between the structure with corrugated constituents and its mechanical response to loadings. Also, they have justified the applicability of the multi-scale homogenization method for the prediction of effective properties. Finally, the approach permits to set and to efficiently solve the problem of the optimal design of fibrous materials from the crimped constituents geometry
Qu, Zhengwei. "Contribution à l'étude de l'endommagement et de la rupture des élastomères sous chargements monotones et cycliques". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10080.
Testo completoKnowledge of the behavior of rubber matenals is an important issue for the design of components and mechanical structures Whether under monotonic or cyclic loading, uniaxial or multiaxial, these properties must be known in order to build strong predictive tools of Iife duration. ln the literature review, after a presentation of physieo-chemical properties of elastomeric materials, models to deseribe their monotonic behavior are discussed. The mechanisms of damage (Mullins effect, stress softening ... ) and features related to fatigue and fracture of these materials are also presented. ln a second part, dealing with cyclic loading, we first focus on the Mullins effect. Experiments conducted on a SBR, highlight this mechanism of damage. Based on the work of Miehe, predicted responses by this model lead to a suitable agreement with the expenmental data. Further, we investigate the prediction of lifetime fatigue using the detimtion of damage givcn by Lemaitre. On the basis of a 4th order strain energy density of Ogden, a model developed by Wang to calculate the lifetime of an elastomer is generalized. This simple model requiring only two parameters to be identified, gives predicted values in agreement with expenmental data in the uniaxial loadmg. The limlts of such a modelling when applied to multiaxial loading are also presented. ln the third part, our purpose is to develop a predictive tool for fracture of rubbers under multiaxial but monotonic loading. Based on the concept of intrinsic defect, and usmg fracture mechanics, finite element simulations under biaxial loading allow to build a yield curve in the principal stretches coordmates and in the case of plane stress. The predieted values are in quite good agreement with experimental data for two different materials (NR and SBR). Finally, attempts to generalize this approaeh for cases where cavitation is the main mechanism of degradation is highlighted
Koffi, Konan. "Etude numerique et experimentale des eclissages aeronautiques somis a des chargements de traction et flexion". Toulouse, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAT0024.
Testo completoRoy, Sébastien. "Mesure de l’adhérence et des propriétés mécaniques de couches minces par des essais dérivés de la nanoindentation. Application à la microélectronique et au biomédical". Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00289845.
Testo completoThree different tests, developed on a nanoindentation apparatus, are used for the mechanical characterization of various thin films: Cu, SiN and SiCN films for microelectronics (interconnection) and polymer films for biomedicals (drug eluting stent). Basic nanoindentation test is used for the measurement of mechanical properties of 500 nm Cu thin films deposited on Ta/TaN/SiO2/Si substrate. The experimental results and the 2D finite element calculations show the inadequacy of the Oliver and Pharr analysis for this kind of materials, because of the growth of a pile-up around the contact area. A work-hardening effect also induces a huge increase of the hardness values during penetration. This work-hardening effect is influenced by annealing temperature of the Cu films. Mechanical adhesion of Cu films was then measured by Cross Sectional Nanoindentation (CSN). The experimental procedure and the mechanical interpretation of this test were strongly improved. Results show the influence of annealing temperature and substrate patterning on Cu adhesion. A 3D numerical simulation is developed to calculate deformation energy spent during film delamination. A micro-scratch test was employed for adhesion measurement of SiN and SiCN thin films (40 to 120 nm) deposited on Cu/Ta/TaN/SiO2/Si substrate. The influence of the film thickness and the wear of the indenter tip on the critical force are studied. Finite element calculations show that the delamination at critical force is due to high stress in the SiCN film and at SiCN/Cu interface. Micro-scratch test was then applied to polymer films (500 to 1000 nm) deposited on stainless steel. The results show the enhancement of the adhesion when an electro-grafted sub-layer is used to promote steel/polymer interface
Koss, Stefan. "Ecrouissage isotrope et anisotrope des aciers laminés soumis à de grandes déformations". Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10101.
Testo completoMabille, Pascal. "Évaluation des hétérogénéités locales de déformation d'aciers extra-doux sollicités en traction et en fatigue". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ESAE0005.
Testo completoDemmerle, Stefan. "Optimisation des essais biaxiaux directs sur les métaux laminés". Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10138.
Testo completoNaït, Oultit Bouchra. "Endommagement des soudures d'aciers à très haute résistance pendant l'essai de traction en croix : analyse mécanique et métallurgique de la fissuration dans la zone fondue". Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EMSE0032.
Testo completoResistance spot welding is the most widely used joining process in automotive industry. In order to assess the performances of the spot welds, specific behaviour is recommended after the cross-tension test. Mild and low-alloyed steels show a plug failure occurrence in the base metal or the Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ) and then meet the standards. Newly developed advanced high-strength steels (AHSS, Rm≥800MPa) have to meet also specific requirements of this process. However, Dual-Phase (DP) and TRansformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels exhibit a completely new behaviour where crack propagates very often partially or totally within the Fusion Zone (FZ) along the joint interface. The obtained plug size is generally rejected after qualitative tests because it is assumed to correspond to a very low mechanical strength. Add to this that the cross-tension strength (CTS) of the joint does not increase with base metal resistance. In this work, a new methodology to analyse the cross-tension test curves is developed and leads to the definition of the damage steps (6 at most). These sequences are highlighted by precise evolutions of the apparent rigidity during the test. Physical interpretations explain the occurrence of each sequence and confirm that CTS level is not directly correlated to a specific failure type. In order to assess CTS, we argue how both mechanical components of the solicitation and local crack resistance have to be considered. Several DP and TRIP steels exhibiting very different failure types are analyzed. Our characterization of local microstructure leads us to understand the variations of the apparent rigidity during a given sequence and hence the impact of base metal or weld microstructures on CTS. It is hence assessed that crack paths responsible for failures within the FZ are not necessarily indicative of a reduced mechanical strength. This approach is capitalized through the Damage Contribution Methodology, DCM. With the help of this new tool, it becomes possible to target the physical factors that steel developers have to act on to reach optimal mechanical behaviour
Clément, Philippe. "Détermination des propriétés mécaniques de céramiques poreuses par essais de microindentation instrumentée sphérique". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961208.
Testo completoJalbout, Ali. "Étude expérimentale de l'influence de l'endommagement induit sur le comportement mécanique d'une roche fragile". Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Jalbout.pdf.
Testo completoJacquot, Benoît. "Conception, étude et réalisation des algorithmes de commande des systèmes de traction asynchrone pour les TGV de nouvelle génération". Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT115H.
Testo completoGy, René. "Étude de l'endommagement mécanique dans un tissu composite carbone-époxy sous sollicitation de traction uniaxiale et quasi-statique". Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPI257.
Testo completoCharih, Fouad. "Comparaisons théorique et expérimentale de machines à aimants permanents pour la traction de véhicules électriques". Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2023/document.
Testo completoThe thesis is part of the TRAX project. It deals with development of electric motors used for traction of small urban electric vehicles. The key characteristics of an electric machine for traction application are the torque, efficiency, reliability, size and flux-weakening. The permanents magnets electric machines meet these requirements. That’s why this thesis takes interest in the performances of permanents magnets machines by proposing a comparative study. A study of patents for electrical machines in automotive applications is realized. A description of the latest advances in electrical motors, mainly in permanent magnet structures, is provided. We started to model a first machine with a simplified analytical method based on the resolution of Maxwell's equations in 2D. This method is compared with a numerical method. Three new machines are defined from the first one by changing the configuration of the rotor. The comparison of four structures with permanent magnets is realized by numerical models. No load and load performances, as well as the calculation of inductances in the direct and quadrature axis, are evaluated. The theoretical results are compared with experimental tests
Astudillo, de la Vega Esteban. "Etude expérimentale du comportement mécanique d'un béton fibré à ultra hautes performances (BFUHP) en traction biaxiale". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DENS0009.
Testo completoHamdi, Adel. "Critère de rupture généralisé pour les élastomères vulcanisables et thermoplastiques". Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_242.pdf.
Testo completoMeva'a, Lucien. "Méthodes optiques de mesure à distance des déformations, sur éprouvettes planes à température de figeage et sur éprouvettes cylindriques à température ambiante pour des essais de traction". Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2291.
Testo completoGong, Xiao Lu. "Développement d'une méthodologie expérimentale associée à une approche analytique pour la compréhension du comportement de plaques composites non-trouées et trouées sous chargement simple et combiné de traction-torsion". Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD741.
Testo completoBou, Nader Wissam. "Méthodologie de choix et d'optimisation de convertisseurs d'énergie pour les applications chaînes de traction automobile". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM047.
Testo completoSignificant research efforts have been invested in the automotive industry on alternative fuels and new hybrid electric powertrain in attempt to reduce carbon emissions from passenger cars. Fuel consumption of these hybrid powertrains strongly relies on the energy converter performance, the vehicle energetic needs, as well as on the energy management strategy deployed on-board. This thesis investigates the potential of new energy converters as substitute of actual internal combustion engine in automotive powertrain applications. Gas turbine systems is identified as potential energy converter for series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV), as it offers many automotive intrinsic benefits such as multi-fuel capability, compactness, reduced number of moving parts, reduced noise and vibrations among others. An exergo-technological explicit analysis is conducted to identify the realistic GT-system thermodynamic configurations. A pre-design study have been carried out to identify the power to weight ratios of those systems. A SHEV model is developed and powertrain components are sized considering vehicle performance criteria. Energy consumption simulations are performed on the worldwide-harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC), which account for the vehicle electric and thermal energy needs in addition to mechanical energy needs, using an innovative bi-level optimization method as energy management strategy. The intercooled regenerative reheat gas turbine (IRReGT) cycle is prioritized, offering higher efficiency and power density as well as reduced fuel consumption compared to the other investigated GT-systems. Also a dynamic model was developed and simulations were performed to account for the over fuel consumption during start-up transitory phases. Tests were also performed on some subsystems of the identified IRReGT-system. Results show improved fuel consumption with the IRReGT as auxiliary power unit (APU) compared to ICE. Consequently, the selected IRReGT-system presents a potential for implementation on futur SHEVs
Elmeguenni, Mohamed. "Effet de la triaxialité sur le comportement et la rupture du polyéthylène haute densité : approches expérimentales et numériques". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10035.
Testo completoIn a first part of this thesis, an experimental approach based on macroscopic measurements and microscopic observations (SEM and OM) led to a better understanding of damage mechanisms in high density polyethylene (HDPE) and its stress triaxiality sensitivity. In order to examine higher stress triaxiality values, cracked samples were experimentally examined in a second part. Based on the obtained results, the relevance of the fracture mechanics concepts to characterize the fracture toughness of HDPE was critically discussed. The investigation was performed using two well-known approaches of the fracture mechanics – J-integral and EWF – using different specimen configurations (SENB, CT and DENT). To gain insight into the strain field around the crack tip, digital image correlation method was used. The third part was focused on the demonstration of the relevance of ductile damage models (based on the void volume evolution as indicator of damage) to predict the mechanical and damage behaviour of HDPE and that, until complete failure. A special attention was paid on the stress triaxiality effects. Two failure criteria using complementary approaches were examined. These approaches were found relevant in the case of HDPE. Indeed, a good agreement was found between the numerical simulations and the experimental results in terms of overall response of axisymmetric samples (true stress-strain-volumetric response) and of cracked samples (load-displacement response) and in terms of local response corresponding to kinematics fields
Calvié, Emilie. "Contribution de la nanoindentation in situ en Microscopie Electronique en Transmission à l'étude des céramiques". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0098.
Testo completoKnowledge of the behavior and properties of materials is of great importance to optimize their processing and adapt their use. To study these properties, many techniques are commonly used: tensile tests, microindentation, instrumented nanoindentation ... Today, particular interest is focused on nanomaterials and nanostructured materials because they often have different and more interesting properties. Instrumented nanoindentation allow to determine material parameters. However, the real-time behavior can not be observed and the study of nano-objects is difficult (nanoparticles for example). The main advantage of in situ TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) nanoindentation is the ability to study the behavior of nano-objects in real time. In this study, we evaluated the potential of this new technique by analyzing ceramics extensively studied in the laboratory such as biomaterials: stabilized zirconia and alumina. In the case of zirconia (stabilized with yttrium or cerium), the goal was to locate at the nanoscale, the constraints responsible for the tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation. This phenomenon having a great influence on the bulk material properties. To do this, after having determined a suitable preparation method, we suggest a way to study the localization of constraints: the CBED (Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction) coupled with in situ TEM nanoindentation. In the case of alumina, the goal was to study the material in its original form (nano powder of transition alumina). The idea was to study the behavior of these nanoparticles under compression. We particularly observed that these particles could undergo large plastic deformation at room temperature. We have also obtained during compression on few particles, series of images and the corresponding load-displacement curve. These results were then analyzed by image analysis coupled with Finite Element simulations (performed in LAMCOS lab)
Joly, Damien. "Usinabilité de la fonte à graphite vermiculaire". Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR4042/document.
Testo completoThis study deals with machinability of compacted graphite iron. This material is in-between grey cast iron and nodular cast iron due to the graphite particle shape. It is used for manufacturing diesel engine blocks so as to increase performances and reduce carbon emissions to comply with Euro 5 norm. It is necessary to compare one material to a reference material to evalute machinability criterium. In our case, compacted graphite iron has been compared to grey cast iron. Tensile tests have given us mechanical properties of our test pieces batch used for machining tests. It helped us to qualify the material in its own material range. Inserts have been characterized by nanoindentation. PVD and CVD coatings were benchmarked in microscratch way to determine their respective adhesion to theirs substrates A design of experiment has been setted up so as to reduce number of inserts protypes to be manufactured. Pin on disk tribologic tests gave few hints to have a better understanding of friction phenomena and wear during compacted graphite iron machining
Edouard, Clément. "Vieillissement des batteries Li-ion de traction : des mécanismes vers le vieillissement accéléré". Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2221/document.
Testo completoDue to their high power and energy densities, Li-ion batteries are the leading systems for the new generations of electric vehicles, for which an optimum cell design, management and configuration is essential. Modeling provides tools to perform complex analysis of the performance of Li-ion batteries and reduces the amount of time spent on experimental testing. The aim of our research is to propose a physics-based model that can predict battery behavior and aging under various conditions during the entire lifespan. A simplified electrochemical and thermal model that can predict both physicochemical and aging behaviors of Li-ion batteries has been studied. A sensitivity analysis of all its physical parameters has been performed in order to find out their influence on the model outputs based on simulations under various conditions. The results gave hints on whether a parameter needs particular attention when measured or identified and on the conditions under which it is the most sensitive. A specific simulation profile has been designed for parameters involved in aging equations in order to determine their sensitivity. Finally, a step-wise method has been followed to limit the influence of parameter values when identifying sorne of them. This sensitivity analysis and the subsequent step-wise identification method show very good results, such as a better fitting of the experimental data with simulated cell voltage. Beyond advanced comprehension and prediction, this physical model opens new possibilities to define accelerated aging tests
Boussetta, Abid Hajer. "Caractérisation expérimentale par émission acoustique et modélisation numérique du comportement des structures composites obtenues par enroulement filamentaire". Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2519.
Testo completoNowadays, filament wound composite pipes GRP, are widely used in in the transport of fluids. However, for the designer, these new materials represent a significant change, which profoundly affects the design and realization of industrial products. In order to take the measure of this change, it is essential to understand the mechanical characteristics of this material through experimental tests; which is the purpose of this thesis works. Thus, several techniques and tools have been used, in particular the acoustic emission technique. This experimental characterization study allowed the numerical modeling of the material behavior. During the development of the model, a set of parameters is involved; whose identification has required the use of special experimental devices, in addition to the numerical tool. The model has been validated by comparison with tensile and compressive tests on representative specimens. This paved the way for the use of this model in an industrial application by modeling a test of pipe pressurizing
Vasselet, Régis. "Etude in vitro des propriétés mécaniques du stratum corneum humain à partir des essais de traction-relaxation et fluage identification de son comportement viscoélastique à un modèle rhéologique non-linéaire avec écrouissage /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610496j.
Testo completoRen, Zhe. "Nanomechanics : combining mechanical testing in situ with focused X-ray diffraction on a synchroton beamline". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4387.
Testo completoNanostructures were found to exhibit different mechanical properties compared to their bulk counterpart. For obtaining further insight into the mechanical behaviour on the nanoscale, mechanical tests are combined with observation techniques allowing for monitoring the structural evolution. Within this thesis a special atomic force microscope has been developed which is compatible with different X-ray diffraction techniques at synchrotron sources for in situ mechanical testing on single nano-objects. The great potential of the new experimental approach is demonstrated on two kinds of in situ mechanical tests: (i) in situ nano-indentation on Au crystals with coherent X-ray diffraction. (ii) In situ three point bending tests on Au nanowires with μLaue diffraction. These experiments give access to the elastic as well as the plastic behavior of the nanomaterial and allows for determining the elastic limit and the type of defects induced by the mechanical loading
Liu, Wei. "Identification of strainrate dependent hardening sensitivity of metallic sheets under in-plane biaxial loading". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAR0005/document.
Testo completoSheet metal forming processes are widely adopted to produce panels, tubes, profiled parts in manufacturing industry. The numerical simulation of the forming processes requires accurate constitutive models of material. In many sheet metal working operations such as stamping, hydroforming, …, large strains and intermediate strain rates can be reached under biaxial strain or stress states. The objective of this work is to show the potential of the biaxial in-plane tensile test to characterize the hardening behaviour of metal sheets up to large strain levels. By numerical investigation, an optimal cruciform shape is designed to obtain large equivalent plastic strain, up to 30%, at the central zone under equi-biaxial strain path. As expected, the initial cracks of tested specimens are always observed at the central zone. Then, quasi-static and dynamic biaxial tensile tests on in-plane cross specimens have been performed on a dedicated servo-hydraulic machine. These biaxial tensile tests have been carried out on aluminium alloy AA5086 to validate the identification methodology of hardening behaviour under biaxial loading. This alloy has been chosen since its hardening behaviour is not dependent on the strain rate. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique is used for strain measurement. The parameters of isotropic hardening models are identified by inverse analysis based on the finite element model of the biaxial tensile test. Three yield criteria of Mises, Hill48 and Bron and Besson are compared for the parameter identification of different hardening laws. It is shown that the hardening law identified by biaxial test is precise only if an appropriate yield function is preliminarily determined. The biaxial flow stress curve identified with Bron and Besson yield function have been found in good agreement with the experimental flow stress curve obtained from uniaxial tensile tests. For biaxial tests at intermediate strain rates, damping layers are adopted to reduce oscillations on force versus time curves. The comparison of flow stress curves, identified from quasi-static and dynamic biaxial in-plane tensile tests on the non strain rate-dependent material AA5086, validates the identification methodology of strain-rate dependent hardening models. Finally, the proposed methodology is applied to the hardening characterization of a strain-rate dependent Dual Phase steel DP600 at room temperature. Identified biaxial flow stress curves have been compared with uniaxial ones for different strain rates ( . = 10-3s-1, 10-1s-1 and 101s-1). DP600 steel exhibits the same positive strain rate sensitivity for uniaxial and biaxial strain states. The biaxial flow stress curves identified on the basis of Ludwick and Voce hardening models are close, up to equivalent plastic strains of 30%. The benefits of the proposed methodology, based on a biaxial in-plane tensile test carried out on cross specimen, are clearly shown since the hardening behaviour identified in this case for large strains (up to 30%) is very different from the one identified from uniaxial tensile test on a smaller strain range
La, Lance Arnaud de. "Etude du comportement du système pneumatique-sol appliquée à la mobilité des véhicules terrestres". Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20176.
Testo completoRoucou, Romuald. "Analyse expérimentale et numérique des défaillances mécaniques locales induites dans les interconnexions par les tests paramétriques et les assemblages : optimisation des procédés et des architectures des plots de connexion". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669635.
Testo completoAttar, Ahmed. "Le béton renforcé de fibres metalliques, matériau anisotrope et hétérogène : caractérisation et modélisation du comportement en traction uniaxiale". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DENS0011.
Testo completo