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1
Wade, Modou. "Apprentissage profond pour les processus faiblement dépendants". Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CYUN1299.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse porte sur l'apprentissage profond pour les processus faiblement dépendants. Nous avons considéré une classe d'estimateur de réseau de neurones profonds avec la régularisation par sparsité et/ou la régularisation par pénalité.Le chapitre1 est une synthèse des travaux. Il s'agit ici de présenter le cadre de l'apprentissage profond et de rappeler les principaux résultats obtenus aux chapitres 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.Le chapitre 2 considère l'apprentissage profond pour les processus psi-faiblement dépendants. Nous avons établi une vitesse de convergence de l'algorithme de minimisation du risque empirique (MRE) sur la classe des estimateurs de réseaux de neurones profonds (RNPs). Pour ces estimateurs, nous avons fourni une borne de généralisation et une vitesse asymptotique d'ordre O(n^{-1/alpha}) pour tout alpha > 2 est obtenue. Une borne de l'excès de risque pour une large classe de prédicteurs cibles est aussi établie.Le chapitre 3 présente l'estimateur de réseaux de neurones profonds pénalisé sous la dépendance faible. Nous avons considéré les problèmes de régression non-paramétrique et de classification pour les processus faiblement dépendants. Nous avons utilisé une méthode de régularisation par pénalisation. Pour la régression non-paramétrique et la classification binaire, nous avons établi une inégalité d'oracle pour l'excès de risque de l'estimateur de réseau de neurones pénalisé. Nous avons aussi fourni une vitesse de convergence de ces estimateurs.Le chapitre 4 porte sur l'estimateur de réseaux de neurones profonds pénalisé avec une fonction de perte générale sous la dépendance faible. Nous nous sommes placés dans le cadre de la structure de psi-dépendance faible et dans le cas spécifique où les observations sont bornées, nous avons utilisé la theta_{infty}-dépendance faible. Pour l'apprentissage des processus psi et theta_{infty}-faiblement dépendants, nous avons établi une inégalité d'oracle pour les excès de risque de l'estimateur de réseau de neurones profond pénalisé. Nous avons montré que lorsque la fonction cible est suffisamment régulière, la vitesse de convergence de ces excès de risque est d'ordre O(n^{-1/3}). Le chapitre 5 présente l'apprentissage profond robuste à partir de données faiblement dépendantes. Nous avons supposé que la variable de sortie admet des moments d'ordre r finis, avec r >= 1. Pour l'apprentissage des processus à mélange forts et psi-faiblement dépendants, une borne non asymptotique de l'espérance de l'excès de risque de l'estimateur de réseau de neurones est établie. Nous avons montré que lorsque la fonction cible appartient à la classe des fonctions de H"older régulières la vitesse de convergence de l'espérance de l'excès de risque obtenue sur l'apprentissage des données exponentiellement fort mélangeant est proche de ou égale à celle obtenue avec un échantillon indépendant et identiquement distribué (i.i.d.). Le chapitre 6 porte sur l'apprentissage profond pour les processus fortement mélangeants avec une régularisation par pénalité et minimax optimalité. Nous avons considéré aussi le problème de la régression non-paramétrique sur des données à mélange fort avec un bruit sous-exponentiel. Ainsi, lorsque la fonction cible appartient à la classe de composition de fonctions de H"older nous avons établi une borne supérieure de l'inégalité d'oracle de l'erreur L_2. Dans le cas spécifique de la régression autorégressive avec un bruit de Laplace ou normal standard, nous avons fourni une borne inférieure de l'erreur L_2 dans cette classe, qui correspond à un facteur logarithmique près à la borne supérieure ; ainsi l'estimateur de réseau de neurones profonds atteint une vitesse de convergence optimaleThis thesis focuses on deep learning for weakly dependent processes. We consider a class of deep neural network estimators with sparsity regularisation and/or penalty regularisation.Chapter1 is a summary of the work. It presents the deep learning framework and reviews the main results obtained in chapters 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.Chapter 2 considers deep learning for psi-weakly dependent processes. We have established the convergence rate of the empirical risk minimization (ERM) algorithm on the class of deep neural network (DNN) estimators. For these estimators, we have provided a generalization bound and an asymptotic learning rate of order O(n^{-1/alpha}) for all alpha > 2 is obtained. A bound of the excess risk for a large class of target predictors is also established. Chapter 3 presents the sparse-penalized deep neural networks estimator under weak dependence. We consider nonparametric regression and classification problems for weakly dependent processes. We use a method of regularization by penalization. For nonparametric regression and binary classification, we establish an oracle inequality for the excess risk of the sparse-penalized deep neural networks (SPDNN) estimator. We have also provided a convergence rate for these estimators.Chapter 4 focuses on the penalized deep neural networks estimator with a general loss function under weak dependence. We consider the psi-weak dependence structure and, in the specific case where the observations are bounded, we deal with the theta_{infty}-weak dependence. For learning psi and theta_{infty}-weakly dependent processes, we have established an oracle inequality for the excess risks of the sparse-penalized deep neural networks estimator. We have shown that when the target function is sufficiently smooth, the convergence rate of these excess risks is close to O(n^{-1/3}).Chapter 5 presents robust deep learning from weakly dependent data. We assume that the output variable has finite r moments, with r >= 1. For learning strong mixing and psi-weakly dependent processes, a non-asymptotic bound for the expected excess risk of the deep neural networks estimator is established. We have shown that when the target function belongs to the class of H"older smooth functions, the convergence rate of the expected excess risk for exponentially strongly mixing data is close to or equal to that obtained with an independent and identically distributed sample. Chapter 6 focuses on deep learning for strongly mixing observation with sparse-penalized regularization and minimax optimality. We have provided an oracle inequality and a bound on the class of H"older smooth functions for the expected excess risk of the deep neural network estimator. We have also considered the problem of nonparametric regression from strongly mixing data with sub-exponential noise. When the target function belongs to the class of H"older composition functions, we have established an upper bound for the oracle inequality of the L_2 error. In the specific case of autoregressive regression with standard Laplace or normal error, we have provided a lower bound for the L_2 error in this classe, which matches up to a logarithmic factor the upper bound; thus the deep neural network estimator achieves optimal convergence rate
2
Uhde, Bernhard. "En el principio era el logos” –¿o más bien el mythos? En torno al principio de la re-presentación en el judaísmo y el cristianismo". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113155.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mito y logos se unen en la descripción del mito que admite una representación (Vergegenwärtigung) y es comprensible para el entendimiento: muqologei=n”. De este modo, aquel logos que era en el principio” es él mismo un mito, si no se hiciera presente (vergegenwärtigt) a sí mismo como logos. El principio de la religión, el Eterno mismo, deja narrar en el judaísmo un mito que culmina en un logos y puede ser interpretado como tal. En el cristianismo, la auto-re-presentación del principio de la religión como autorreflexión, esto es, la encarnación, pone al logos antes que al mito: El que me ve a mí, ve al Padre” (Jn. 14, 9). Esto es lo que distingue al cristianismo de aquello que ha de permanecer ajeno al judaísmo, pues: No puedes ver mi rostro y seguir viviendo” (Ex. 33, 11ss). --- ‘In the beginning was the logos’ –or was it rather the mythos? On the Re-presentation Principle in Judaism and Christianity”. Myth and logos are united in the description of myth which allows for a re-presentation (Vergegenwärtigung) and is comprehensible for the understanding: muqologei=n”. Thus, that logos which was in the beginning” would be itself a myth, if it does not present (vergegenwärtigt) itself as logos. The principle of religion, the Eternal itself, allows in Judaism the narration of a myth that ends in a logos and can be interpreted as such. In Christianity, the self-representation of the principle of religion as self-reflection, that is, incarnation, puts the logos before the myth: He who has seen me has seen the Father” (Jn., 14,9). This is what distinguishes Christianity from that which will remain foreign to Judaism, since: you cannot see my face; for no one shall see me and continue to live” (Ex. 33, 11ff).
3
McCollough, Andrew Willis 1974. "The Influence of Gestalt Grouping Principles on Active Visual Representations: Neurophysiological Evidence". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11555.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
xiii, 143 p. : ill. (some col.)The cognitive ability to group information into chunks is a well known phenomenon, however, the effects of chunking on visual representations is not well understood. Here we investigate the effects of visual chunking using Gestalt grouping principles in two tasks: visual working memory change detection and multiple object tracking. Though both these tasks have been used to study cognitive functions in the past, including object-based attention, attentional control and working memory capacity, the effect of grouping on mental representations in these tasks has not been well characterized. That is, while researches have measured effects of grouping on behavioral output in similar tasks, there are few studies of the effects of grouping on neurophysiological indices of object representations. Indeed, these current studies are the first to use event-related potentials (ERPs) to elucidate the effect of grouping on active mental representations of visual stimuli. In the visual working memory task, observers remembered either the color or orientation of pacman stimuli across a delay. We manipulated the collinearity of these objects, whether or not they formed a Kanizsa triangle figure, and measured the behavioral and electrophysiological effects. In the multiple object tracking task, a subset of identical stimuli were briefly cued as targets and then their motion was tracked by participants. We manipulated whether and which Gestalt heuristics were used to bind targets together during their motion and measured the effects on behavior and electrophysiology. In both tasks we compared the grouped to ungrouped conditions. We found that across experiments and tasks behavioral performance was enhanced in grouping conditions compared to ungrouped conditions. Furthermore, the waveforms evoked by grouped stimuli were reduced compared to waveforms produced in response to locally identical but ungrouped stimuli. These data suggest that the mental representation of visual objects may be reshaped moment-by-moment by grouping cues or task demand, giving rise to a flexible, active and dynamic yet parsimonious representation of the visual world.
Committee in charge: Edward K. Vogel, Chair; Edward Awh, Member; Ulrich Mayr, Member; Paul van Donkelaar, Outside Member
4
BACCARINI, Matteo. "In principio era l’azione. verso una definizione enattiva dello schema corporeo". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2389370.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Representing our body has a pivotal role in our experience of the external world. The point, however, is that the corporeity is too much complex to be depicted in a unique framework. Accordingly, authors from both scientific and philosophical literature of the last century share the idea that at least two different bodily representations exist, namely the body schema and the body image. Unfortunately, because of the absence of clear definitions, these two representations have often been treated in an interchangeable way, thus engendering a great confusion in literature. The main attempt to solve such a confusion is provided by Shaun Gallagher’s argument about the conceptual nature of the dualism between body schema and body image. The problem thus is not just a matter of terminology, on the contrary body schema and body image are conceptually different, because they represent different aspects of the body by referring to different processes. Under this aspect Gallagher’s solution is totally convincing, but there exist reasons – theoretical as well as empirical – to assume that the criteria indicated are not consistent. More precisely, in this dissertation we are going to focus our attention on the contribution coming from the field of neuroscience. As a consequence, the standard notion of body schema as postural schema finalized to the accomplishment of movement must be replaced by a new notion of body schema related to the capacity of performing actions.
5
Liggens, Gretchen. "URBAN PRINCIPAL CREATIVE LEADERSHIP AND POLICY COMPLIANCE IN THE ERA OF ACCOUNTABILITY". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1600265975475893.
Testo completo
6
Purnell, Thomas Clark. "Principles and parameters of phonological rules evidence from tone languages /". access full-text online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 1997. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?9831516.
Testo completo
7
Mercader, Laura. "En un principi era… Dibuix, figura i màscara en l’obra d’Eugeni d’Ors". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/420868.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Eugeni d’Ors va escriure que el dibuix, com l’escriptura, permet pensar la realitat. Ors va ser un escriptor que dibuixava. En aquest treball analitzo la figura del dibuixant i les màscares heterònimes que es va inventar per diferenciar el dibuixant de l’escriptor. Ambdues pràctiques aporten una altra dimensió al perfil intel·lectual de l’escriptor, filòsof, periodista, crític d’art, promotor i reformador cultural. Les situo en relació a dos fenòmens de la modernitat literària occidental: la figura del poeta-artista i la mistificació autoral. I interpreto el seu sentit a partir de les tesis del mateix Ors sobre el dibuix i la subjectivitat literària.Eugeni d’Ors was a writer who drew. This paper analyzes the figure of the artist and the masks heteronyms that he invented to differentiate the artist from the writer. Both practices provide another dimension to the profile of the writer, philosopher, journalist, art critic, cultural reformer. I link together two phenomena of modern Western literature: the poet-artist and authorial mystification.
8
Arbogast, Allan Duane. "Supporting professional development in an era of accountability the elementary school principal perspective /". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ed.D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Education Policy, and Leadership. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
9
Gigante, Marco. "In principio era l'azione. Forme di vita e linguaggio nell'opera di Ludwig Wittgenstein". Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10278/3762108.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The work aims at providing an analysis of the concept of «Forms of Life» (Lebensformen) in Wittgenstein’s philosophy and at highlighting its social and natural aspects. The first part revolves around the debate between the empirical and transcendental interpretations of this term as well as the introduction to the general issue of the naturalistic and / or cultural representation of forms of life. In the second part the research focuses on the clarification of the concept «Lebensform» making reference to the numerous texts in which it appears and illustrates how some semantically linked terms, such as «animality», «image of the world» and «perspicuous representation» play a significant role in highlighting the precarious and changing aspects which give shape to the human attitudes. The third part portraits the Wittgenstein’s concern with rules and following rules. With regard to their relations to life forms, attention is paid to the «institutionally natural» moments of the intersubjective agreement and disagreement originating the relationship between the individual and his own community. The purpose is to show that any form of life finds its origin not only in the conformist convergence of the conduct, but in the possibility of establishing moments of crisis and disruption.
10
Gigante, Marco <1983>. "In principio era l'azione : forme di vita e linguaggio nell'opera di Ludwig Wittgenstein". Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/13443.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Il lavoro si propone di fornire un’analisi del concetto di «forme di vita» (Lebensformen) nella filosofia di Ludwig Wittgenstein e di mettere in rilievo i suoi aspetti sociali e naturali. Nella prima parte viene ricostruito il dibattito tra gli interpreti empirici e gli interpreti trascendentali ed esposto quindi il più ampio problema della caratterizzazione naturalistica e/o culturale delle forme di vita. Nella seconda, invece, l’indagine segue una duplice direzione mirando, da un lato, alla chiarificazione del termine nelle ricorrenze testuali in cui esso è citato in rapporto con il linguaggio e il problema della sua fondazione; dall’altro, all’illustrazione del ruolo che alcuni concetti semanticamente limitrofi, quali l’«animalità», l’«immagine del mondo» e la «rappresentazione perspicua» svolgono nell’evidenziare i caratteri di precarietà e trasformabilità delle prassi che su di esso si sostengono. La terza parte, infine, prende in considerazione il problema wittgensteiniano delle regole e delle sue applicazioni. Limitatamente ai rapporti di quest’ultime con le forme di vita, l’attenzione viene posta sui momenti «istituzionalmente naturali» dell’accordo (e del disaccordo) intersoggettivo all’origine della riformulazione dei rapporti tra l’individuo e la propria comunità di appartenenza. Lo scopo è quello di mostrare che alla base di una forma di vita non giace solo la convergenza conformista delle condotte, ma anche la possibilità di istituire dei momenti di crisi e di rottura.
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Tkachev, Natalia. "The work of art in the field of cultural production : the principle of legitimization in the digital era /". Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2006. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2767.
Testo completo
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Dunn, William A. "An examination of the principal-agent relationship in the pre/post Proposition 13 era". Thesis, California State University, Fullerton, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3663985.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This qualitative study focuses on the duality of the principal-agent relationship experienced by elected community college trustees in the California Community Colleges system; i.e., their roles as principal to the agent role of employee unions, and the quasi agent role in the districts association with the state. It examines this relationship through the lens of the unintended consequences of Proposition 13, including the centralization of school finance at the state level, the de facto change of the property tax from a local tax to a state tax, and the removal of the power of taxation from local boards. The study includes interviews with nine current or former elected trustees whose service began prior to the 1978 enactment of Proposition 13. Four of the nine trustees still held elective office when the interviews for this study were performed in fall 2014.
13
Bentley, Kathlene L. "An Investigation of the Self-Perceived Principal Leadership Styles in an Era of Accountability". Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this descriptive, quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional study was to determine the self-perceived leadership style of principals in an era of accountability. The research instrument was the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire with added demographic questions. In addition to the determination of the self-perceived principal leadership style, the intention of this study was to determine the possible relationship of demographic variables such as principal gender, experience, ethnicity, school type (elementary, middle school, and high school), school grade, and school socioeconomic status determined by Title I on leadership styles. The participants of the study were principals from three large school districts in the state of Florida. The dependent variable was the principal leadership style categorized on the Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) as transactional, transformational, or laissez-faire. The MLQ also determined the use of behaviors categorized as laissez-faire, authoritative, or participative. The independent variables were the demographic variables, principal gender, ethnicity, years of experience as a school principal, school type (elementary, middle, and high school), school grade, and school socioeconomic status defined by Title I.
The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and a series of Factorial ANOVAs to examine the research questions. The results found moderate differences among the demographic variables gender, ethnicity, school level, SES, and change in school grade. No differences were found between leadership styles and the years of experience for principals. The findings of the study may have significance for principals of elementary, middle, and high schools in the identification of different leadership approaches and styles in an era of accountability. The findings of the study may also provide a benefit for principals of schools examining alternative leadership methods to motivate teachers and students to improve academic outcomes.
14
Alfadala, Asmaa. "School leadership within Education for a New Era reform in Qatar : four portraits of principals' perceptions and practices". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709156.
Testo completo
15
Weiler, Christopher Scott. "No Principal Left Behind: Leadership and Ethical Dilemmas in the Turbulent Era of School Accountability". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/33512.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Educational AdministrationEd.D.
In 2003, Mid-County North High School (pseudonym), a large suburban, rather affluent school did not make Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) under the No Child Left Behind Act. The school's special education population was unable to meet the proficiency requirements of the Mid-County's state, and as such received a "failing" label from the state. The irony in this is that North High School (NHS) and the Mid-County District have a documented legacy of excellence -even on the very assessments upon which the "failing" assessments were based. This single-site, qualitative case study, was designed to investigate the real-life dilemmas, ethical, professional, and personal, that the school leaders at NHS and in the Mid-County School District encountered after the school did not make AYP. The perceived internal pressures caused by the possible competition of a school leader's personal and professional values, as well as the necessity for leaders to guide their school toward making AYP, were investigated. In addition to internal pressures, the study attempted to uncover the perceived pressures faced by the leaders within the organizational structure of the school and school district, from the community, media and government. In addition, the study was designed to unveil school leaders' reactions to these perceived pressures. This study used semi-structured interviews with 12 school leaders, including central office and building level leaders, as well as teachers, a parent, and a school board member. In addition to interviews, pertinent documents, and artifacts were analyzed. The interview and document data were then coded using a qualitative analysis program, TAMSAnalyzer. The constant comparative method (Glaser and Strauss, 1967) was used to analyze the data in terms of the study's two theoretical frameworks: Turbulence Theory (Gross, 1998) and Multiple Ethical Paradigms (Shapiro and Stefkovich, 2001). The data revealed three dominant themes: (a) Turbulence Happens: School Leaders Are Forced to Respond to Externally Imposed Accountability in the Era of NCLB and AYP; (b) Flight School: School Leaders' Ethical Codes and Experience Prepare them to Navigate Through Turbulence; (c) Pilot to Co-Pilot: School Leaders Communicate, Collaborate, and Innovate to manage the Turbulence of Not Making AYP.
Temple University--Theses
16
Fernandes, Elizabeth Alves. "Bioética e direitos humanos: a proteção da dignidade da pessoa humana na era da genética". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2140/tde-07072010-150239/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A bioética e o direito constituem braços de proteção da pessoa humana e dos direitos humanos quando afrontados por questões relacionadas à genética. O primeiro capítulo aborda a afirmação da máxima da dignidade humana e sua importância como princípio estruturante de todo o sistema ético e jurídico. O segundo capítulo introduz a bioética. São expostos os princípios proclamados pela bioética: autonomia, beneficência, não-maleficência e justiça e estabelecida a relação necessária entre a bioética e os direitos humanos, determinando a consubstancialidade entre eles. Uma vez definida a importância da proteção da dignidade humana e a relação existente entre essa, a bioética e os direitos humanos, o trabalho expõe de forma analítica, nos capítulos sucessivos, os dois braços de salvaguarda de tal base. No primeiro deles, a ética é abordada como instrumento de proteção da sociedade que deve ser manejado segundo uma perspectiva universalista e dialógica, pois inserida em contexto democrático. No segundo deles, o direito é exposto no seu âmbito internacional, que tem consagrado declarações de direitos humanos específicas aos temas de bioética, e nacional, seja em relação ao substrato constitucional quanto ao infraconstitucional de proteção dos princípios envolvidos nas discussões bioéticas.Bioethics and Law are two complementary ways to protect the human being dignity and the human rights, when faced by questions related to genetics. This study discuss about the affirmation of the human dignity as well as its importance as structuring principle to the whole ethical and legal systems. The second chapter introduces the bioethics as well as its principles: autonomy, beneficence and justice, determining the necessary relationship between them and their consubstantiality. Once defined the human dignity importance as well as the relationship between it, bioethics and human rights, this study exposes, in an analytical way, the safeguard basis: ethics and Law. Ethics is exposed as a relevant instrument to protect the society in a universal and dialogic perspective, since inserted in a democratic context. The Law is seen on its international and constitutional spheres of human being protection.
17
Belmonte, Angelo. "Voices of lay principals : promoting a Catholic character and culture in schools in an era of change /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19679.pdf.
Testo completo
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Carlin, William Francis. "A Qualitative Study of the Perceived Stress Levels of Principals In The No Child Left Behind Era". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/84099.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Educational AdministrationEd.D.
This case study examined the extent to which the No Child Left Behind mandate has contributed to principal stress, specifically in middle schools who have achieved annual yearly progress through the use of confidence intervals when measuring sub-groups. A secondary question relating to how principals were coping with the law from an academic/personal point of view was also addressed. The primary data source were interviews with ten principals from urban, suburban and rural school districts surrounding the Philadelphia area. Review of data sources provided by the principals, use of educational databases as well as observations were used to study this phenomenon. The NCLB statute and it's myriad of consequences for schools that do not make AYP have created a more stressful, testing -driven environment for all stakeholders. Principals, teachers, parents, and most importantly, students have all been affected by this statute. Schools that are classified as corrective action 1 and 2 because of low sub-group scores continue to rise in Southeastern Pennsylvania; nowhere is this more dramatic than at the secondary schools level. Principals in these buildings face stiff pressure from internal and external forces. Nationally, recent research has borne out an increase in principal turnover across the country in the last 5 years. According to the statute, every student that attends public school in the United States will be proficient in math and reading, regardless of sub-group, by 2014. The purpose of this qualitative study was to illuminate an area of research pertaining to principals of schools whose subgroups achieved AYP through the use of a confidence interval, and to collect effective instructional data (interventions ) that could theoretically help student sub-groups achieve AYP. There is also an understanding among principals that if they do not meet the AYP goal each year, eventually they can be removed from the leadership positions at their schools. This punitive sanction does not take into effect a school's overall score, but is reflective of all its' subgroups. Results from this study show that principals, although aware of the law and its' sanctions, chose to focus on designing positive interventions that help all students achieve, while at the same time offering instructional supports to their respective staffs. The principals agreed that the NCLB law was good for public education, but stated that sub-group inclusion is unfair to the students it was designed to protect. All principals reported a moderate level of stress connected with the implementation of the statute, but not enough for them to consider leaving their jobs for another occupation. The premise that principals worried about losing their jobs as a result of AYP failure was refuted in this study. All principals reported major changes at their schools in curriculum delivery, interventions for sub-groups, and the use of data assessment systems to drive instruction. An emerging theme from this study is the concept that the NCLB statute over the past five years has become the " great equalizer" between urban and suburban school districts. As more suburban schools fall under NCLB sanctions, they no longer can dismiss AYP failures as a purely urban phenomenon, but actually look to partner with urban schools in order to create effective instructional programs for their students. The research about the impact of the NCLB law on principal stress remains inconclusive. As the law continues to move toward 2014, barring any dramatic changes all public schools in the United States will be under some type of corrective action. There is a large research gap about how principals will survive in this particular environment. This study has started to address that gap by focusing on what schools do when they are an under-performing sub-group away from NCLB sanctions. This study also begins to document the changes that have been occurring in schools as a result of NCLB, along with principal perceptions of stress since the law's advent in 2002.
Temple University--Theses
19
Spooner, Kevin Eugene. "Leadership and Decision-Making Skills of High Poverty Elementary School Principals in an Era of Reduced Resources". Thesis, Portland State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3722085.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Recently, a great deal of interest has been generated around the role of principal and its effectiveness, especially its impact on improving teacher instruction and student learning. Waters, Marzano, and McNulty (2003) concluded that one quarter of all “school effects” on achievement can be attributed to principals. While there is general agreement on the principal’s importance and affect, do we understand how principals have adapted to changes in schools with reduced resources and increased learning needs of students? How have principals made decisions in an environment where resources have been reduced over time? Given the stories of retired principals from high poverty elementary schools, the purpose of this narrative inquiry is to understand how principals made sense of their experience when having to respond to decreasing resources and the need for increased student achievement. Participants in the study included retired principals from high poverty elementary schools who were employed during the time period extending from 2008 through 2014. Findings from the study make sense of the meanings elementary principals have constructed and attached to the phenomena of decision-making in times of financial reduction in order to help other principals who have been challenged by similar circumstances. Three categories of leadership styles and seven skill areas emerged in the study. Principals made use of these styles and skills in their responses to the crisis.
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Herrera, Juan Antonio. "Mexico's implementation of the Biodiversity Convention and the Cartagena Protocol in the GMO era Challenges in principles, policies and practices /". Halifax, Nova Scotia : Dalhousie University, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1421614661&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=78006&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Testo completo
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Priolo, Gino Rosario. "HOW PRINCIPALS LEAD IN AN ERA OF TESTING AND ACCOUNTABILITY: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF THE PERCEPTIONS OF PRINCIPALS LEADING SCHOOLS ON THE CONTINUUM OF NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND SANCTIONS". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/118860.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Educational AdministrationEd.D.
The goal of this study was to better understand the perspective of administrators on accountability and high stakes testing - what effect it has, if any, on his/her ability to serve as building administrator. Through a series of in-depth interviews and analysis of the perception of principals that lead schools that are on various levels of No Child Left Behind sanctions, this study will help the reader to understand how high stakes testing and accountability have impacted the leadership of the school principal. As presented by Allen (2008) are we focusing curriculum on preparation for high-stakes testing versus the philosophy of letting the high stakes testing evaluate the effectiveness of what is being taught as a method for supporting learning? From budgeting and organizational structure, to local curriculum and classroom instruction, efforts from external sources to ensure "accountability" in public schools have impacted virtually every aspect of school operations in America. No Child Left Behind is the initiative most often associated with the current accountability movement. While this study did not aim to measure the effectiveness of initiatives like No Child Left Behind, it did aim to analyze how these measures have impacted the role of the building principal. This study used a semi-structured interviews with eleven elementary school principals who lead schools on a sampling of the No Child Left Behind sanction continuum. In addition to interviews, pertinent documents and artifacts will be analyzed. The constant comparative method (Glaser & Stauss, 1967) will be used to analyze the data in terms of the study's two theoretical frameworks: Turbulence Theory (Gross, 1998) and Multiple Ethical Paradigm.
Temple University--Theses
22
Caringe, Andreas, e Erik Holm. "The Auditor’s Role in a Digital World : Empirical evidence on auditors’ perceived role and its implications on the principal-agent justification". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324752.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Most of the theory that concerns auditing relates to agency theory where auditors' role is to mitigate the information asymmetry between principals and agents. During the last decade, we have witnessed technological advancements across the society, advancements which also have affected the auditing profession. Technology and accounting information systems has decreased information asymmetry in various ways. From an agency theory point of view, this would arguably reduce the demand for auditing. In the same time, the audit profession is expanding into new business areas where auditors perform assurance services. The purpose of this paper is to investigate auditors' role in a technological environment. Interviews have been used to explore auditors' perception of the role. The result indicates that auditors' role still is to mitigate principal-agent conflicts, though, information asymmetries are expanding to comprehend more and to a wider stakeholder group due to technology. The end goal is still the same, that to provide trust to the stakeholders, technology enable new ways of reaching there and broadens the scope towards systems and other related services. That is the perceived role of auditors in today´s technological environment.
23
Mphahlele, Rennie Esther. "A decade of educational change grounded narratives of school principals /". Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02232009-085412.
Testo completo
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Watkins, Sharon E. "Thinking Outside a Shifting Box: The Lived Experiences of Innovative Public High School Principals in an Era of High Stakes Accountability". The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480504598892723.
Testo completo
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Sungtong, Ekkarin. "Leadership challenges to public secondary school principals in the era of education reform and cultural unrest in border provinces of southern Thailand". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4727.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on February 29, 2008) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Fellinger, Michael Richard. "First Principles-Based Interatomic Potentials for Modeling the Body-Centered Cubic Metals V, Nb, Ta, Mo, and W". The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365516163.
Testo completo
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Melville, Edmund Christopher. "The role of EFL educators in Turkey in the era of globalisation : an analytical auto-ethnography of an EFL educator turned administrator at IPRIS". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/54471/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Globalisation, a major aspect of English foreign language (EFL) education in the twenty-first century, can be described as the worldwide circulation of goods, services, and capital as well as information, ideas, and people. EFL educators encounter relentless demands to shift their positions, perspectives, and identities, and to assume many roles because they must accommodate new cultures and people in order to teach in their chosen field. We also have to accommodate differences in ideologically constructed representations of our roles as educators in terms of culture, class, gender, race, and religion within their various contexts. Thus, it can be difficult to determine exactly what one's role is in the context of globalisation. Using an analytic, auto-ethnographic, and naturalistic research design, I purposefully selected five EFL educators (six, including me) and investigated how we fit/belong at IPRIS, what our perceived roles as EFL educators are, and how our roles as EFL educators in full relate to globalisation. Bourdieu's experiences in Algeria, his theories arising from them, and Bhabha's notion of the third space, which is synchronistic with postcolonial theory, formed my theoretical framework. I collected data through interviews, reflexive journal, and critical incidents that were member checked to ensure trustworthiness. The inductively oriented data analysis yielded the themes and categories that are the foundation of this research. The emergent findings in this research were key in showing how the backgrounds of the participants positioned each of us so differently one from another as EFL educators. The varied ways in which the participants have discerned their roles as individuals and as EFL educators unfolded. The explicit commentary of all the participants in this study (including me) reflected a deep commitment to the needs of the students at IPRIS as we expressed our views on our roles. This research revealed the knowledge that I have built concerning myself, both in my context and in relation to others, by investigating the spaces in between coming and going, participant and researcher, educator and administrator; it has helped to reveal the fault-line spaces that shift in perspective and has thus helped me find my fit/belonging. The flipped researcher-participant roles allowed me to explain and further interrogate my own views of my role at IPRIS, as the primary participant, in relation to the secondary participants' perceptions of their roles. This research has also revealed both the positioning of the EFL educator and the space that English occupies globally, in which it has an opposing logic that sometimes results in hybridisation. The secondary participants' comments in this study reflected their perception that they needed to bring information from their prior experiences, both as educators and as people living in the world, to bear on their primary role of teaching English to Turkish students. Thus, none of the participants felt that they were enabled in their role, as all reported that they needed to add old experiences with the new in order to teach their assigned students and to navigate the terrain at IPRIS. Drawing from the definition of globalisation in the literature, I was also able to use the participants' current perceptions of the role of English as a global language to reveal their relationship to globalisation. As a result of my thesis research, I can recommend the use of analytic auto-ethnography as a form of professional development and evaluation. The degree of reflexivity involved can enable EFL educators at IPRIS and elsewhere to raise their own awareness of other people and of their institutional and cultural contexts.
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Darwish, Tarek. "Le principe de neutralité économique en droit constitutionnel : étude de droit comparé : Allemagne, États-Unis, France". Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020025.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ce sujet porte en lui un enjeu, un enjeu fondamental : celui de l'action économique de l'État et plus spécifiquement celui de la dimension économique de sa constitution, autour duquel se sont affrontées les thèses de Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman et de Walter Eucken au cours du siècle dernier. Le principe de la neutralité économique est en réalité un principe illusoire au service du « laissez-faire » et de ceux auprès desquels il a profité entre la fin du 19ème siècle et la première moitié du 20ème siècle (l’avènement du progressisme et du socialisme). La fin du 19ème siècle a été déterminante dans la conception de ce principe. C'est l'époque des grandes révolutions industrielles qui ont vu apparaître « les barons voleurs » en Europe et aux États-Unis. Aujourd'hui encore, après la crise économique et financière de 2008, le principe de neutralité économique questionne sur la façon dont l'État peut-il ou doit-il intervenir par le biais de sa constitution, à l’égard des acteurs économiques. Une constitution doit-elle inclure une vision de l’économie ? Et dans le silence de la Constitution, la responsabilité d’un juge constitutionnel consiste-t-elle à ce qu’il confère lui-même à l’État, une identité économique déterminée ? Cette thèse s’organise en deux moments de réflexions. La première partie est consacrée à la mise en œuvre de l’idéologie de la neutralité, de part de ses fondements historiques et économiques, ayant permis à la doctrine libérale d’intégrer ce principe dans la sphère juridique. Une Cour constitutionnelle peut-elle construire une doctrine économique basée sur le principe de neutralité économique ? Pour répondre à cette problématique, la deuxième partie, est consacrée à la nature utopique de ce principe, de par sa mise en œuvre et ses réalités politiques. Pour cela, il apparaît qu’une réconciliation pragmatique entre l’économie et le droit constitutionnel s’imposeThis subject carries with it a stake, a fundamental stake: that of the economic action of the State and more specifically that of the economic dimension of its constitution, around which the theses of Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman and Walter Eucken have clashed during the last century. The principle of economic neutrality is in fact an illusory principle in the service of the "laissez-faire" and those from whom it benefited between the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century (the advent of progressivism and socialism). The end of the 19th century was to be decisive in the conception of this principle. It was the time of the great industrial revolutions that saw the emergence of "thieving barons" in Europe and the United States. Even today, after the economic and financial crisis of 2008, the principle of economic neutrality questions how the State can or should intervene through its constitution with regard to economic actors. Should a Constitution include a vision of the economy? And in the silence of the Constitution, is the responsibility of a constitutional judge to confer on the State a determined economic identity? This thesis is organized in two moments of reflection. The first part is devoted to the implementation of the ideology of neutrality, based on its historical and economic foundations, which has enabled liberal doctrine to integrate this principle into the legal sphere. Can a Constitutional Court build an economic doctrine based on the principle of economic neutrality? To answer this problem, the second part is devoted to the utopian nature of this principle, through its implementation and political realities. To this end, it appears that a pragmatic reconciliation between the economy and constitutional law is needed
29
Maltempi, Michelle Grace. "Principals' Perceptions of the Barriers and Impediments to Distribute Leadership and Share Decision Making under an Era of Heightened Accountability| An Exploratory Study Using Q-Technique". Thesis, Long Island University, C. W. Post Center, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13422594.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Educational institutions—and, more specifically, principals—are faced with meeting the mandates and demands set forth by local, state, and federal initiatives. Accountability has forever changed the context in which the traditional role of a principal leads. This study examines the beliefs, attitudes, and opinions of public high school principals on distributed leadership within a context of accountability. In addition, it investigates their trust levels. The study of subjectivity can be employed utilizing systematic a mixed-methods approach called Q technique. This methodology has the power to reveal the shared viewpoints or intersubjectivity and models held by public high school principals. Data were analyzed from 28 suburban New York public high school principals located in Nassau, Suffolk, Rockland, or Westchester counties concerning their beliefs regarding the potential barriers and impediments in distributing leadership responsibilities within the context of heightened accountability. In addition, it assessed their trust levels as these levels related to distributing their leadership. This study identified and examined 3 models of shared viewpoints held by public high school principals. Background characteristics were utilized to describe the clusters of participating principals. These characteristics consisted of: years of experience as a public-school administrator, years of prior experience as a teacher, highest level of education, and decade graduated from high school. Information was also gathered regarding principals’ beliefs in the effectiveness of distributed leadership. The 3 Q models revealed, consensus and disagreement. To identify and understand where changes in leadership must be made, it is necessary to research school leadership from an alternative perspective by understanding the intersubjectivity of high school principals.
30
Irlander, Anna. "Narración e identidad : Análisis comparativo de la construcción identitaria de los personajes principales en las novelas La soledad era esto y Dos mujeres en Praga de Juan José Millás". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för spanska, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77746.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el papel que juega la narración en la construcción identitaria de los personajes Elena Rincón, en La soledad era esto (1990), y Luz Acaso, en Dos mujeres en Praga (2002). El autor de ambas novelas es el español Juan José Millás. Partiendo de un análisis actancial consideramos que la construcción identitaria es el objeto que los sujetos Elena Rincón y Luz Acaso quieren obtener. Asimismo analizamos cómo inciden en dicha construcción identitaria los demás elementos que forman parte de las respectivas fábulas, a saber: los acontecimientos, el lugar y el tiempo. Usamos además las teorías sobre narración e identidad de Paul Ricoeur (1992), Anders Tyrberg (2000) y Ángel Castiñeira (2005) para investigar de qué manera y con cuánto éxito dichos personajes evolucionan en sus construcciones identitarias narrando sus historias de vida y siendo expuestos a las historias de vida de los demás. Concluimos que el éxito en las construcciones identitarias de los dos personajes varía, a pesar de que tienen muchas características en común, entre ellas el sexo, la edad, la soledad y el sufrimiento de una crisis iniciada por la muerte: El personaje Elena Rincón usa la narración de su historia de vida y las de los demás para construir su identidad de una manera exitosa porque usa su conciencia refleja. A diferencia de Elena Rincón, Luz Acaso, que es mitómana, no admite su verdadera identidad, que está moribunda, lo cual hace que no use su conciencia refleja y no evolucione en su construcción identitaria de una manera exitosa. Elena Rincón tiene además muchos ayudantes que le ayudan a obtener su objeto, mientras en la fábula de Luz Acaso la mayoría de los actores son oponentes.
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Davis, Tammy E. "Three years at Jones Elementary School : a qualitative case study of a principal and teachers shaping a school culture for continuous improvement in an era of increased accountability /". The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486399160105411.
Testo completo
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Motonaga, Alexandre Akio. "O interesse nacional sob a ótica da Constituição Federal de 1988". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2169.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:19:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Alexandre Akio Motonaga.pdf: 558538 bytes, checksum: cd5c0647f8e92d6f9d09dd10f2d00076 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2010-10-21This paper's main objective is to extract the Federal Constitution of 1988 the principle of national interest. This is a principle implied, which is already in the current Federal Constitution, but that should be identified, interpreted and constructed. On the other hand, started with the premise that a Constitution drawn up democratically and with the participation of representatives of the people is an instrument that informs the general will of the Brazilian people. Thus, the principle of national interest, together with other constitutional principles relating to foreign relations, form a subsystem of international relations that, together, bind and obligate the government in the formulation and execution of Brazilian foreign policy. In this context, governments should also take into account public opinion, which is changing the face of the recent and profound changes in the Information Age
Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal extrair da Constituição Federal de 1988 o princípio do interesse nacional. Este é um princípio implícito, que já se encontra na atual Constituição Federal, mas, que deve ser identificado, interpretado e construído. Por outro lado, partiu-se do pressuposto de que uma Constituição elaborada de forma democrática e com a participação de representantes do povo é um instrumento que informa a vontade geral do povo brasileiro. Dessa forma, o princípio do interesse nacional, juntamente com outros princípios constitucionais atinentes às relações exteriores, forma o subsistema das relações internacionais que, em seu conjunto, vinculam e obrigam os governantes na formulação e execução da política externa brasileira. Nesse contexto, os governantes devem ainda levar em conta a opinião pública, que se encontra em transformação face às recentes e profundas mudanças da Era da Informação
33
Duszka, Christopher Damian. "School Climate in the School Choice Era: A Comparative Analysis of District-Run Public Schools and Charter Schools". FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3922.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Comparative analyses of district-run public schools and charter schools are limited to performance outcomes. There is a dearth of research on how the school-types vary on factors consequential to performance such as school climate. Public-private distinctions, such as in organizational autonomy, value orientations, funding structures, and management practices, could result in school climate dissimilarities between district-run public schools and charter schools.
The aim of this dissertation is to assess the influence organizational factors have on school climate and determine if school-type affects school climate. Student and staff school climate survey data from the Miami-Dade school district were utilized for this dissertation. Structural equation modeling was employed to test theoretical models of students’ and staffs’ perceptions of school climate using data from 2001-2002 through 2015-2016 academic years. Within-between effects panel regression was utilized to test the effect of school-type on school climate constructs over time using data from 2005-2006 through 2015-2016 academic years.
The structural equation results demonstrate that milieu, ecology, culture, and organizational structure influence students’ and staffs’ perceptions of their schools’ climates. Ecology has the strongest association with students’ perceptions of school climate. Job satisfaction, a part of milieu and culture, has the strongest association with staffs’ perceptions of school climate. The results indicate that the theoretical models of school climate employed by this study are sound.
The within-between effects panel regression results demonstrate that characteristics inherent to school-type have a plausible influence on students’ perceptions of school climate, but not for staff. Charter school students rated their school climates more favorably than traditional public schools, but when other factors are controlled, traditional public schools and magnet schools had more favorable ratings. Public-sector values, collective bargaining, and school district oversight may be beneficial to schools’ climates.
This dissertation underscores the impact management and funding structures have on school climate. The author recommends that the school climate concept and evaluations of schools’ organizational practices be incorporated into school improvement policies. The milieu, culture, ecology, and organizational structures of schools should be reviewed when assessing school quality.
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Vaissière, Anne-Charlotte. "Le recours au principe de compensation écologique dans les politiques publiques en faveur de la biodiversité : enjeux organisationnels et institutionnels : cas des écosystèmes aquatiques marins et continentaux". Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0028/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La compensation écologique, envisagée dans le respect de la séquence éviter-réduire-compenser les impacts, cherche à apporter des réponses à la crise actuelle d’érosion de la biodiversité. L’objectif de la thèse est de comprendre quels sont les enjeux organisationnels et institutionnels de la mise en œuvre du principe de compensation écologique pour les impacts sur les écosystèmes aquatiques marins et continentaux en Europe et aux Etats-Unis. La thèse mobilise le cadre théorique de l’économie néo-institutionnelle. Les organisations de type hiérarchique (compensation au cas par cas) ont pour principales limites d’avoir une efficacité écologique discutable et de ne pas permettre le suivi et le contrôle des mesures compensatoires ce qui conduit souvent à ce que la compensation ne soit pas ou peu mise en œuvre. Aux Etats-Unis, les banques de compensation consistent en une réponse anticipée et mutualisée aux dommages à l’environnement. Il s’agit d’une forme organisationnelle alternative hybride fortement régulée à mi-chemin entre la hiérarchie et le marché. Cependant, les acteurs ont des stratégies collectives et individuelles qui engendrent des négociations ayant des conséquences sur les enjeux de développement économique et de maintien des objectifs de conservation de la biodiversité. Le système des banques de compensation crée un double phénomène de redistribution des coûts de transaction et de diminution de ceux-ci mais il semble que l’évolution de l’ensemble du cadre d’application de la compensation écologique américain permet aujourd’hui une complémentarité institutionnelle entre ces deux formes organisationnelles plutôt qu’une disparition des formes hiérarchiquesBiodiversity offset, as the last step of the mitigation hierarchy (avoid/reduce/offset), aims to address the current biodiversity loss crisis. The main goal of this PhD, which relies on the new institutional economics approach as a theoretical framework, is to understand the organizational and institutional issues of implementing biodiversity offsets policies for impacts on continental and offshore wetlands in Europe and the United-States. Hierarchical organizations (i.e. permittee responsible mitigation) often lead to little to no implementation of biodiversity offsets because the ecological effectiveness of case-by-case compensatory measures is unproven and the monitoring and control of numerous measures are difficult. In the United-States, the mitigation banking system aims to compensate for multiple small impacts on wetlands by carrying out restoration projects on fewer but larger wetland areas in order to reach the goal of no net loss of biodiversity. This hybrid organizational form is highly regulated and therefore stands halfway between hierarchical and market organizations. However, actors have individual and collective strategies that generate negotiations with consequences on economic development and biodiversity conservation stakes. The mitigation banking system leads to a decrease of transaction costs and a change of the actors bearing them. It seems that the evolution of the whole framework of biodiversity offsets policy implementation in the United-States leans toward an institutional complementarity between these two organizational forms rather than a disappearance of hierarchical organizations
35
Nguyen, Phuong Thanh. "Study of the aquatic dissolved organic matter from the Seine River catchment (France) by optical spectroscopy combined to asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0154/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le but principal de cette thèse était d'étudier les caractéristiques de la matière organique dissoute (MOD) dans le bassin versant de la Seine. Ce travail a été réalisé dans le cadre du programme de recherche PIREN-Seine. Les travaux présentés ici visaient plus particulièrement à identifier les sources de MOD et à suivre son évolution dans les zones d’étude. L’analyse des propriétés optiques (UV-Visible, fluorescence) de la MOD, couplée aux traitements PARAFAC et ACP, a permis de discriminer différentes sources de MOD et de mettre en évidence des variations spatio-temporelles de ses propriétés. L’axe Seine, en aval de Paris, a notamment été caractérisé par l'activité biologique la plus forte. La MOD du bassin de l’Oise a montré des caractéristiques plus "humiques", tandis que le bassin de la Marne a été caractérisé par un troisième type spécifique de MOD. Il a d’autre part été mis en évidence la présence de MODs spécifiques dans chaque zone pour les échantillons prélevés en périodes d’étiage, alors qu’une distribution homogène des composants a été obtenue pour l’ensemble des échantillons prélevés en période de crue.Le rôle environnemental des colloïdes naturels étant étroitement lié à leur taille, il a d’autre part été développé une technique analytique/séparative originale pour l’étude de ce matériel complexe, un fractionnement par couplage flux/force avec flux asymétrique (AF4). Le fractionnement par AF4 des échantillons a confirmé la variabilité spatio-temporelle en composition et en taille de la MOD d'un site de prélèvement à un autre et a permis de distinguer différentes sources de MOD colloïdale confirmant les résultats de l’étude de ses propriétés optiquesThe main goal of this thesis was to investigate the characteristics of dissolvedorganic matter (DOM) within the Seine River catchment in the Northern part of France. ThisPhD thesis was performed within the framework of the PIREN-Seine research program. Theapplication of UV/visible absorbance and EEM fluorescence spectroscopy combined toPARAFAC and PCA analyses allowed us to identify different sources of DOM andhighlighted spatial and temporal variations of DOM properties. The Seine River wascharacterized by the strongest biological activity. DOM from the Oise basin seemed to havemore "humic" characteristics, while the Marne basin was characterized by a third specifictype of DOM. For samples collected during low-water periods, the distributions of the 7components determined by PARAFAC treatment varied between the studied sub-basins,highlighting different organic materials in each zone. A homogeneous distribution of thecomponents was obtained for the samples collected in period of flood.Then, a semi-quantitative asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) methodology wasdeveloped to fractionate DOM. The following optimized parameters were determined: across-flow rate of 2 ml min-1 during the focus step with a focusing time of 2 min and anexponential gradient of cross-flow from 3.5 to 0.2 ml min-1 during the elution step. Thefluorescence properties of various size-based fractions of DOM were evaluated by applyingthe optimized AF4 methodology to fractionate 13 samples, selected from the three sub-basins.The fluorescence properties of these fractions were analysed, allowing us to discriminatebetween the terrestrial or autochthonous origin of DOM
36
Grufman, Maria, e Ulrika Johansson. "En modernare rättegång : Rättssäkrare bevisvärdering i våldtäktsmål?" Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-6925.
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Arellano, Ana Rosa. "Investigation of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) Optical Properties, Nutrients, and Salinity in Coastal Florida: Springshed to Estuaries". Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4861.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Optical parameters measured via absorption spectroscopy and high-resolution fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the springshed of Kings Bay, a spring-fed estuary located on Florida's Springs Coast. Over the past 40 years, springs supplying groundwater to Kings Bay have shown an increase in nitrate concentration. The overall goal of this project was to fingerprint wells and spring sites with elevated nitrogen concentrations using CDOM optical properties and establish relationships between nutrient and optical parameters. Samples were obtained from various sites: springs, Kings Bay surface (KBS), wells, coastal waters in and at the mouth of Crystal River (Coast) and lakes and rivers (LNR), during dry and wet seasons.
The relationships between the environmental parameters and traditional optical parameters which provide insight into source characteristics were analyzed. Excitation emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMS) provided information about the concentration and chemical nature of organic matter in the study area. CDOM optical properties combined with salinity clearly separated the sources of fixed nitrogen in the Bay.
Northern springs with elevated dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration had lower salinities and showed a presence of protein peaks. CDOM concentration was negatively correlated with total nitrogen (TN) and DIN, which suggests that these are subjected to anthropogenic influences. Humic peaks dominated the composition of the southern springs. CDOM concentrations were much higher than in the northern springs and there was a positive correlation between CDOM and both TN and DIN. These findings suggest that the fixed nitrogen in the southern springs is naturally occurring organic matter and the low concentrations may partially be a result of subsurface mixing of saltwater and freshwater in the aquifer. Thus, hypothesis testing showed that there was a significant difference between northern and southern springs
Hypothesis testing also showed that there is a significant and unexpected positive relationship between CDOM and salinity studying Kings Bay, which is due to the low CDOM concentration in the springs discharging fresh water. This unique dataset also determined that the intercept of the mixing line was significantly different form zero. This indicates that CDOM is present and detectable at very low concentrations.
Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) was used to evaluate CDOM composition from excitation emission matrix spectra (EEMs) and five components were identified: two humic, two marine humic, and one protein-like. The marine-like components, peak M, were produced in the marine environment and in meteoric groundwater. The study found a unique groundwater marker for coastal regions. Northern Kings Bay sites were characterized by a protein-like component, which has been associated with wastewater. Additional optical and environmental parameters were used in discriminate analysis, which successfully identified the CDOM markers for both natural and anthropogenic sources of nutrients in the environment.
It is vital to improve the analysis of water, nutrients, and carbon from groundwater discharge into the coastal zone. Elevated DIN concentrations in groundwater are a widespread problem in Florida and over the past 30 years many spring waters have shown an increase in DIN concentrations. Nutrient discharge into delicate coastal areas can lead to ecological concerns. Investigating CDOM and nutrient distribution together can be a beneficial tool that can help differentiate sources from riverine/lacustrine, estuarine, marine, groundwater, and sewage impacted categories.
38
VALLARINO, GIULIA. "A new formulation of ellagic acid and pomegranate peel extract for dietary supplementation in an animal model of multiple sclerosis". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/11567/1105298.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
My Ph.D. project was dedicated to evidentiate beneficial effects elicited by the therapeutic administration of a new formulation of ellagic acid (Ellagic Acid microdispersion, EAm) and pomegranate peel extract (Pomegranate peel Extract microdispersion, PEm) in an animal model of multiple sclerosis (the EAE mice), with particular attention to its impact on “in vivo” and “in vitro” parameters at the acute stage of disease, to support its translation to clinical studies in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis.
My thesis was composed of two different sections: the first one focuses on the characterization of the EAE model and the analysis of the healthy properties of the formulations on it; the second one investigates a potential therapeutic target of ellagic acid.
The study led to two recent publications in Molecules and Antioxidants and was exposed in the poster section of national and international congresses reported in the last part of the thesis.
The thesis would also briefly describe other studies I was involved in during the 3 years Ph.D. program.
39
Afdideh, Fardin. "Block-sparse models in multi-modality : application to the inverse model in EEG/MEG". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT074/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
De nombreux phénomènes naturels sont trop complexes pour être pleinement reconnus par un seul instrument de mesure ou par une seule modalité. Par conséquent, le domaine de recherche de la multi-modalité a émergé pour mieux identifier les caractéristiques riches du phénomène naturel de la multi-propriété naturelle, en analysant conjointement les données collectées à partir d’uniques modalités, qui sont en quelque sorte complémentaires. Dans notre étude, le phénomène d’intérêt multi-propriétés est l’activité du cerveau humain et nous nous intéressons à mieux la localiser au moyen de ses propriétés électromagnétiques, mesurables de manière non invasive. En neurophysiologie, l’électroencéphalographie (EEG) et la magnétoencéphalographie (MEG) constituent un moyen courant de mesurer les propriétés électriques et magnétiques de l’activité cérébrale. Notre application dans le monde réel, à savoir le problème de reconstruction de source EEG / MEG, est un problème fondamental en neurosciences, allant des sciences cognitives à la neuropathologie en passant par la planification chirurgicale. Considérant que le problème de reconstruction de source EEG /MEG peut être reformulé en un système d’équations linéaires sous-déterminé, la solution (l’activité estimée de la source cérébrale) doit être suffisamment parcimonieuse pour pouvoir être récupérée de manière unique. La quantité de parcimonie est déterminée par les conditions dites de récupération. Cependant, dans les problèmes de grande dimension, les conditions de récupération conventionnelles sont extrêmement strictes. En regroupant les colonnes cohérentes d’un dictionnaire, on pourrait obtenir une structure plus incohérente. Cette stratégie a été proposée en tant que cadre d’identification de structure de bloc, ce qui aboutit à la segmentation automatique de l’espace source du cerveau, sans utiliser aucune information sur l’activité des sources du cerveau et les signaux EEG / MEG. En dépit du dictionnaire structuré en blocs moins cohérent qui en a résulté, la condition de récupération conventionnelle n’est plus en mesure de calculer la caractérisation de la cohérence. Afin de relever le défi mentionné, le cadre général des conditions de récupération exactes par bloc-parcimonie, comprenant trois conditions théoriques et une condition dépendante de l’algorithme, a été proposé. Enfin, nous avons étudié la multi-modalité EEG et MEG et montré qu’en combinant les deux modalités, des régions cérébrales plus raffinées sont apparuesThree main challenges have been addressed in this thesis, in three chapters.First challenge is about the ineffectiveness of some classic methods in high-dimensional problems. This challenge is partially addressed through the idea of clustering the coherent parts of a dictionary based on the proposed characterisation, in order to create more incoherent atomic entities in the dictionary, which is proposed as a block structure identification framework. The more incoherent atomic entities, the more improvement in the exact recovery conditions. In addition, we applied the mentioned clustering idea to real-world EEG/MEG leadfields to segment the brain source space, without using any information about the brain sources activity and EEG/MEG signals. Second challenge raises when classic recovery conditions cannot be established for the new concept of constraint, i.e., block-sparsity. Therefore, as the second research orientation, we developed a general framework for block-sparse exact recovery conditions, i.e., four theoretical and one algorithmic-dependent conditions, which ensure the uniqueness of the block-sparse solution of corresponding weighted mixed-norm optimisation problem in an underdetermined system of linear equations. The mentioned generality of the framework is in terms of the properties of the underdetermined system of linear equations, extracted dictionary characterisations, optimisation problems, and ultimately the recovery conditions. Finally, the combination of different information of a same phenomenon is the subject of the third challenge, which is addressed in the last part of dissertation with application to brain source space segmentation. More precisely, we showed that by combining the EEG and MEG leadfields and gaining the electromagnetic properties of the head, more refined brain regions appeared
40
Tröger, Ralph. "Supply Chain Event Management – Bedarf, Systemarchitektur und Nutzen aus Perspektive fokaler Unternehmen der Modeindustrie". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-155014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Supply Chain Event Management (SCEM) bezeichnet eine Teildisziplin des Supply Chain Management und ist für Unternehmen ein Ansatzpunkt, durch frühzeitige Reaktion auf kritische Ausnahmeereignisse in der Wertschöpfungskette Logistikleistung und -kosten zu optimieren.
Durch Rahmenbedingungen wie bspw. globale Logistikstrukturen, eine hohe Artikelvielfalt und volatile Geschäftsbeziehungen zählt die Modeindustrie zu den Branchen, die für kritische Störereignisse besonders anfällig ist. In diesem Sinne untersucht die vorliegende Dissertation nach einer Beleuchtung der wesentlichen Grundlagen zunächst, inwiefern es in der Modeindustrie tatsächlich einen Bedarf an SCEM-Systemen gibt.
Anknüpfend daran zeigt sie nach einer Darstellung bisheriger SCEM-Architekturkonzepte Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten für eine Systemarchitektur auf, die auf den Designprinzipien der Serviceorientierung beruht. In diesem Rahmen erfolgt u. a. auch die Identifikation SCEM-relevanter Business Services. Die Vorzüge einer serviceorientierten Gestaltung werden detailliert anhand der EPCIS (EPC Information Services)-Spezifikation illustriert.
Abgerundet wird die Arbeit durch eine Betrachtung der Nutzenpotenziale von SCEM-Systemen. Nach einer Darstellung von Ansätzen, welche zur Nutzenbestimmung infrage kommen, wird der Nutzen anhand eines Praxisbeispiels aufgezeigt und fließt zusammen mit den Ergebnissen einer Literaturrecherche in eine Konsolidierung von SCEM-Nutzeffekten. Hierbei wird auch beleuchtet, welche zusätzlichen Vorteile sich für Unternehmen durch eine serviceorientierte Architekturgestaltung bieten.
In der Schlussbetrachtung werden die wesentlichen Erkenntnisse der Arbeit zusammengefasst und in einem Ausblick sowohl beleuchtet, welche Relevanz die Ergebnisse der Arbeit für die Bewältigung künftiger Herausforderungen innehaben als auch welche Anknüpfungspunkte sich für anschließende Forschungsarbeiten ergeben.
41
Erb, Wolfgang [Verfasser]. "Uncertainty principles on Riemannian manifolds / Wolfgang Erb". 2010. http://d-nb.info/1002187559/34.
Testo completo
42
Frade, Valter Renato Silva. "Development of principle culture medium formulations for Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/14148.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as other microorganisms are frequently used in industry with the purpose of obtain different kind of products that can be applied in several areas (research investigation, pharmaceutical compounds, etc.). In order to obtain high yields for the desired product, it is necessary to make an adequate medium supplementation during the growth of the microorganisms. The higher yields are typically reached by using complex media, however the exact formulation of these media is not known. Moreover, it is difficult to control the exact composition of complex media, leading to batch-to-batch variations. So, to overcome this problem, some industries choose to use defined media, with a defined and known chemical composition. However these kind of media, many times, do not reach the same high yields that are obtained by using complex media. In order to obtain similar yield with defined media the addition of many different compounds has to be tested experimentally. Therefore, the industries use a set of empirical methods with which it is tried to formulate defined media that can reach the same high yields as complex media.
In this thesis, a defined medium for Saccharomyces cerevisiae was developed using a rational design approach. In this approach a given metabolic network of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is divided into a several unique and not further decomposable sub networks of metabolic reactions that work coherently in steady state, so called elementary flux modes.
The EFMtool algorithm was used in order to calculate the EFM’s for two Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolic networks (amino acids supplemented metabolic network; amino acids non-supplemented metabolic network). For the supplemented metabolic network 1352172 EFM’s were calculated and then divided into: 1306854 EFM’s producing biomass, and 18582 EFM’s exclusively producing CO2 (cellular respiration). For the non-supplemented network 635 EFM’s were calculated and then divided into: 215 EFM’s producing biomass; 420 EFM’s producing exclusively CO2. The EFM’s of each group were normalized by the respective glucose consumption value. After that, the EFMs’ of the supplemented network were grouped again into: 30 clusters for the 1306854 EFMs producing biomass and, 20 clusters for the 18582 EFM’s producing CO2. For the non-supplemented metabolic network the respective EFM’s of each metabolic function were grouped into 10 clusters. After the clustering step, the concentrations of the other medium compounds were calculated by considering a reasonable glucose amount and by accounting for the proportionality between the compounds concentrations and the glucose ratios.
The approach adopted/developed in this thesis may allow a faster and more economical way for media development.
43
Mosley, Jahmal I. "Perceptions of principal attributes in the era of accountability". 2010. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3445172.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation investigates Vermont principals' perceptions of leadership attributes linked to the role of the principal. It is guided by four research questions: (1) are there any clusters of participants who sorted the principal leadership attribute items similarly and differently; (2) how are the principal leadership attribute items within each factor ranked by the participants; (3) to what extent do the participants within each factor similarly describe the leadership attributes; and (4) to what extent do the participants within each factor find leadership attributes to be most/least characteristic of their roles? Consequently, thirty-five Vermont principals participated in Q-sort activities, which involved sorting forty-five leadership statements from the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ). The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire had been validated in previous studies. Participants' sorts were subjected to factor analysis to identify similarities and differences among sorts. The analysis of the data revealed the presence of two factors. Factor A members consisted of eighteen subjects who placed high value on leadership items linked to collective mission, purpose, and goal. Factor B members consisted of sixteen subjects who ranked high leadership attributes linked to collegiality and collaboration. The qualitative data provided further insight into factors' perceptions of leadership attributes. Because of the ways the factors sorted and reacted to leadership attributes, the two Factor A members were assigned the name mission-oriented, and Factor B members were assigned the name collaboration-oriented. The findings of this investigation revealed the emergence of the mission-oriented collaborative leadership. Under the mission-oriented collaborative leadership, school leaders witness individuals in their schools engage in fluid, genuine, reverential, and open conversations about the organization and processes group members will use to achieve community, state, and federal accountability expectations. The mission-oriented collaborative leadership style provides a synergy for meeting both the needs of the organization and the individuals who provide the human capital. Future research studies should focus on the effects mission-oriented collaborative leadership approach has on teachers' productivity, local reform efforts in the schools, and student achievement as measured by state accountability systems.
44
Provost, John A. "Principal leadership behaviors in Massachusetts in the era of education reform". 2007. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3289241.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation is a study of school administrators' perspectives on leadership behaviors associated with the role of the school principal. It is guided by five research questions: What behaviors do the participants, as a group, find most/least characteristic of effective principals given contemporary demands of the role; (2) How can the attitudes or perspectives of the participants, as a group, toward effective principal's behaviors be described; (3) Are there any clusters of persons within the group who ranked the descriptors of effective principal behavior similarly; (4) How can the attitudes or perspectives of these clusters of individuals who ranked the descriptors of principal behavior similarly be described; and (5) How are the rankings related to demographic and district characteristics? Thirty principals and other school administrators from eleven (11) Massachusetts school districts and one (1) educational collaborative participated in a q-sort involving 21statements that had been validated in a previous study and completed a follow-up questionnaire that provided an opportunity to comment upon individual statements and to explain why they prioritized the statements as they did. The sorts were subjected to factor analysis to identify any similarities among the sorts. A single factor was carried forward for analysis. Based upon the rankings of statements by the individuals whose sorts loaded on this factor and the qualitative data they provided to explain how they completed the q-sort, the labels "goal-oriented" and "schoolhouse-bound" were applied to this factor. This study then investigates the interaction of education policy and leadership models to connect the findings of this study to the work several prominent researchers and theorists in the field of educational leadership including Blase and Blasé, Sergiovanni, Leithwood, Spillane, and others. Based upon the principal's perspectives it seems likely that this group will continue to refine the teaching and learning processes at their schools to attain higher levels of student achievement, but they are not likely to initiate radical transformations of their schools' cultures. The current policy context of education reform, and for the foreseeable future, reinforces a notion that school leadership is based upon formal authority and technical decision-making.
45
Hsieh, Pin-Nan, e 謝秉男. "Acid-induced ERK phosphorylation in Cortical Principle Neurons & Excitatory Synaptic Plasticity in RAIC in Mice". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82433842667150664469.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺灣大學
生命科學系
103
In order to understand the mechanism of chronic muscle pain, the acid-induced muscle pain animal model (AIMP model) established by Sluka et al. (2001) was introduced. Bilateral widespread long-term hyperalgesia was reproduced by repeated acidic saline intramuscular injection into left gastrocnemius muscle. It was believed that central sensitization contributed the acid-induced muscle chronic pain and previous studies had discussed on the spinal cord or subcortical areas; however, the role of cortical areas was still unclear, including whether the nociceptive neurons was excitatory or inhibitory in the developing of chronic muscle pain. The study was interested in the cell-type of nociceptive neurons and synaptic plasticity within cortical areas, especially the rostral agranular insular cortex (RAIC). This study consisted of two main experiments, one was investigating the cell-type of nociceptive neurons in the cortical areas within AIMP model; the other was to examine whether a synaptic plasticity could be elicited in rostral granular insular cortex. First, the phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase (pERK), a biological activity and nociceptive marker, had been examined after the second acid injection. The pERK-IR cells were elevated in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insular cortex (IC), and combined with double labeled pERK-NeuN immunostaining, showing that the pERK-IR cells were almost all (at least 96%) neurons. Next, calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII), a general marker for pyramidal cells, were used for labeling excitatory principle neurons; in the other way, GAD-GFP mice and VGAT-tdtomato mice were also used for labeling GABAergic neurons. Triple-labeled of pERK&CaMKII&GAD (or VGAT) showed that around 40% pERK-IR cells were CaMKII-IR principle neurons, and rarely pERK-IR cells were GABAergic interneurons in the ACC and IC. Second, whole-cell patch clamp was done on the RAIC layer V pyramidal cell and evoking EPSPs by a local stimulation on RAIC layer II/III. Under high frequency stimulus with 100Hz in one second and repeated five or seven times (repeated times defined as train number ), a long-term potentiation of EPSP was elicited. The LTP on RAIC is train number-dependent and NMDA receptor-dependent. Furthermore, it was suggested that a threshold as train number of three within the RAIC for establishing LTP. In conclusion, the excitatory pyramidal cells played the critical roles in the ERK activation and the synaptic plasticity, which helped us much understand the mechanism of chronic muscle pain, and might provide a hint on the research of fibromyalgia.
46
King, Yi-Shien, e 金益先. "Coping with Catastrophes in the Era of Climate Change: From the Perspective of the Precautionary Principle". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35067348969889738760.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺灣大學
法律學研究所
101
The aim of this thesis, which is also a pressing need of our society nowadays, is to build a legal mechanism that can adequately and effectively cope with catastrophes related to climate change. In the era of climate change, the rise of frequency and intensity of extreme weather and climate events greatly challenges the current legal systems, thus causing serious damages on human society as well as natural environment. Compared to other places in the world, Taiwan is especially vulnerable to catastrophes due to its geological and topographic structure. Hence, the catastrophic risk entailed by climate change cannot be overlooked from both global and local perspectives. This thesis begins with a description of the scientific facts of climate change before turning its focus to the design of an ideal legal mechanism. In Chapter 2, a brief introduction of climate change will be given, and the two characteristics of extreme weather will be induced: “the temporal and spatial uncertainty of its occurrence” and “unexpectedly high intensity.” The current legal system designed based on historical statistics has in many instances been a failure owing to its inability, both scientifically and methodologically, to foresee extreme weather events. To cope with uncertainty, this thesis recourses to “the precautionary principle” as its theoretical basis in Chapter 3. To clarify how the precautionary principle functions, the author analyzes international agreements, EU policies and the relevant case-law of international law of sea and argues that there is a readable shift in the applications of the precautionary principle from “justifying prior intervention to control significant risks” to “serving as a procedural requirement in the decision-making process.” Following the lessons learned from foreign jurisdictions, the author claims that four characteristics-early participation of laypersons, participation of interdisciplinary experts, information feedback system, and worst-case scenario analysis-should be implemented in the decision-making process related to scientific uncertainty, such as catastrophic risk in climate change. Chapter 4 and 5 focus on the domestic perspective of catastrophes related. Based on previous findings and aiming at building a legal mechanism with adequate capacity to deal with catastrophic risk, these sections will analyze, criticize and thereby provide suggestions for the current Disaster Prevention and Protection Act of Taiwan (the “DPP Act”). This thesis claims that the DPP Act should be amended in compliance with the precautionary principle. Temporally speaking, a periodical information feedback system should be implemented in the process of making a “Plan of Disaster Prevention and Protection.” Also, instead of looking back, we should boldly turn our focus on the unknown future. Hence, the foundation on which actions concerning disaster prevention and protection are justified lies no longer on historical statistics, but on the safety threshold set by the worst-case scenario analysis. Spatially speaking, the gap between center and local government experts and laypersons in the decision-making process should be narrowed to provide policy makers with a more comprehensive picture of what people need in dealing with catastrophic risks.
47
Pereira, Inês Isabel Duarte Melo Serôdio. "Storytelling como principal estratégia de diferenciação no self-branding : tatuadores na era digital". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/36131.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nos dias que correm, as redes sociais funcionam como um portefólio para artistas das mais diversas áreas. O tatuador encontra-se em ascensão no mercado de trabalho, tendo a sua atividade profissional vindo a ganhar relevo na sociedade, ao ponto de se tornarem criadores de conteúdos com redes de influência consideravelmente envolventes. Deste modo, tornou-se essencial a avaliação dos benefícios do desenvolvimento de uma estratégia de self-branding por tatuadores nas redes sociais. Por outro lado, surge o conceito de storytelling, o qual concebemos como o pináculo da diferenciação, ferramenta que permite aos que a utilizam a criação de maior relação com a audiência, fidelizando-a.
Esta dissertação analisa a influência positiva do storytelling, como técnica de marketing pessoal, na diversificação de um tatuador no Instagram e tem como finalidade identificar as mais-valias da sua aplicação na criação de vantagem competitiva. Foi empregue uma estratégia de métodos mistos, de forma a atingir tanto o lado do profissional como o do consumidor. Implementaram-se as técnicas de entrevista a tatuadores, análise de conteúdo aos perfis de Instagram destes e um inquérito por questionário a consumidores e não consumidores de tatuagens, bem como a consumidores e não consumidores de conteúdo de tatuadores.
A partilha de conteúdo com tatuagens foi considerada como principal motivação para seguir um tatuador no Instagram. No entanto, os profissionais da área declararam um maior engagement com a audiência a partir de publicações de cariz pessoal, nomeadamente, o seu estilo de vida, animais de estimação e passatempos. Contudo, foi fracamente identificada a prática de storytelling apesar de na sua presença existir maior engagement e número de seguidores em perfis de tatuadores. Conclui-se que a adoção de uma estratégia de self-branding é um fator de sucesso em tatuadores portugueses, permitindo maior ascensão profissional e expandindo a sua carteira de clientes, que é amplificada com a utilização da ferramenta de storytelling ao permitir criar uma maior rede de influência.Nowadays, social networks work as a portfolio for artists from the most diverse areas. The tattoo artist is rising in the job market, gaining prominence in society, to the point that these individuals become content creators with engaging networks of influence. Thus, it has become essential to evaluate the benefits of developing a self-branding strategy by tattoo artists on social networks. On the other hand, the concept of storytelling emerges, which we conceive as the differentiation pinnacle, a tool that allows those who use it to create a greater relationship with the audience, making them loyal. This dissertation analyses the positive influence of storytelling, as a personal marketing technique, on the diversification of a tattoo artist on Instagram and aims to identify the advantages of its application in creating competitive advantage. A mixed methods strategy was employed in order to reach both the professional and the consumer side. The techniques implemented were interviews to tattoo artists, content analysis of their Instagram profiles and a survey to consumers and non-consumers of tattoos, as well as consumers and non-consumers of tattoo artists’ content. Sharing content with tattoos was considered the main motivation to follow a tattoo artist on Instagram. However, professionals in the area declared greater engagement with the audience through publications of personal nature, namely, their lifestyle, pets and hobbies. However, the practice of storytelling was weakly identified despite the fact that in its presence there is greater engagement and number of followers in tattoo artists’ profiles. It is concluded that the adoption of a self-branding strategy is a success factor in Portuguese tattoo artists, allowing greater professional growth and the expansion of their their client portfolio, which is amplified with the use of the storytelling tool to allow the creation of a larger network of influence.
48
Bae, Soo-Young, e 裴修瑩. "The Study of the Planting Principles in the Tranditional Korean Gardens on Choson Era(1391~1910)". Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59161059483434288117.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺灣大學
園藝學研究所
85
The main purpose of this study was to deeply understand the commonly used plants and the planting principles considered in the traditional Korean gardens on Choson era, and to further explore the symbolism indicated by garden plants. These results could be used as the reference to cultural conservation or rebuilding. The scope of this study was limited to the objects about garden plants and it''s planting principles. There were three parts----literature review, interview with experts, and case study----included in the methodolgy of this study. The results of case study would be compared with the planting pattern of garden plants synthesized from literature review. In case study, there were two palace garden----the Amisan Garden and the Chuhamnu Garden, and one villa garden---- the Soswaewon, selected as the research sites. After comparing with the contents on literature, the noteworthy characteristics of Choson''s garden plants were concluded as follow: On description, the deciduous and broad leaved trees were mainly used. On features of trunk, it''s the curved one with special style to be cultivated to unusually elegant shape that was more popular. On functional application, the usage of ruiting and flowering trees and shrubs were for the larger part. On the colors of blossom, white and yellow were especially preferred. On special planting models, the main four of them were potted plants, green screens, fences, and lotus pools. After analyzing the planting, location, direction, and symbolism of mostly used plants in those days, the planting principles of Choson''s traditional garden were concluded to several important aspects. It''s appropriate to dispose flowering shrubs rather than deep-rooted or tall trees close to the house. Single unique tree should be avoided right at the middle spot of the garden. North-west area was the proper location for the tall trees. Symmetrical or linear way of planting should be reduced as much as possible. In order to show the salient apparent features of trees, they were mainly planted individually. Common garden plants usually possess symbolism so that the director of daily life and mentality of people in those days would develop. Among all the symbolism, the meaning of "strong character" was most prevailing. Although the initial developments of Korean gardens were influenced by Chinese, the gardens in Choson era have something different from the Chinese gardens. For example, Choson gardens were backyards or rear gardens while Chinese gardens were courtyards surrounded by the buildings, that'''' one. Choson gardens set or divided spaces by straight lines while Chinese gardens combined straight and curve lines, that''s two.
49
Chen, Chih-Lei, e 陳智蕾. "Managing Elementary Schools in Taiwan in An Era of Change: Public Elementary Principals’ Views". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c4a22k.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
博士國立臺北教育大學
教育經營與管理學系
102
The purpose of the present study was to investigate public elementary principals’ views on the management of elementary schools in Taiwan in an era of change. Using the grounded theory method, a total of 22 public elementary principals in major cities in western Taiwan were interviewed by way of theoretical sampling between July and September 2013, with a view to developing an indigenous school management profile peculiar to the Taiwan context. The interview data were subsequently processed through open coding, axial coding, and selective coding until a storyline of public elementary school management emerged, which eventually led to a working model of public elementary school management grounded in empirical data. Major research findings were as follows: 1.Various forces bring about shifts in power and responsibilities between principal and teacher roles. They also create change in school mission emphasis. 2.It appears that a school principal’s philosophy of leadership is, at least in part, derived from her definition and conceptualization of self. 3.How a school principal plays her role as a curriculum and instructional leader in leading her teachers is a determining factor in school management effectiveness. 4.A school stands a much better chance of promising school improvement if a “Good-for-all-constituencies-concerned” leadership and management philosophy is adopted and put into actual practice school wide. 5.A “win-win” strategy is recommended for intraorganization and school community interactions if the school aims to develop a unique school brand and reputation. 6.Leading the school with a strong will to excel and keeping strong faith in attaining breakthrough are useful and worthy school management philosophies. Recommendations raised in the present study include the following: 1.School-based development mechanisms and interschool cooperation networks be developed; 2.Strengths, school management and leadership expertise of school principals be further enhanced in preservice and inservice leadership programs. 3.The current laws, rules, and regulations that inhibit school leadership and management effectiveness and efficiency be scrutinized and carefully reviewed to ensure that those inhibiting elements are removed or corrected. 4.An elementary school management charter school model peculiar to the Taiwanese context should be considered to allow the private sector to manage public schools. 5.Further studies using different research methods and involving different research participants in different regions of Taiwan are proposed.
50
LU, CHI-HUA, e 呂季樺. "Investigation of Pu-Erh Tea Active Principles to Inhibit the Cholesterol Synthesis in Hep G2 Cell Line". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36390717974674864875.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
92
Atherosclerosis is the major cause of cardiovascular disease, and high serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) is the major risk factor causing atherosclerosis. When cholesterol synthesis is inhibited in hepatocyte, cells will utilize LDL from serum and thus decrease serum LDL content. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that Pu-Erh tea aqueous extract can inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol in Hep G2 cell line. Therefore, the active principles in Pu-Erh tea to inhibit the cholesterol synthesis in Hep G2 cell line were investigated in this study from both “known components aspect” and “unknown components aspect”. Thirty commercial Pu-Erh tea samples were analyzed for the following target compounds by HPLC methods. Lovastatin and simvastatin were not detected (ND) in Pu-Erh tea aqeuous extract. The average contents (mg/g dry leave weight) of flavanols in 30 Pu-Erh tea samples were as followed: ECg 15.7 mg/g, EGCg 12.0 mg/g, EGC 12.0 mg/g, EC 5.7 mg/g, gallic acid 4.4 mg/g, (+)C 3.0 mg/g, GCg 1.5 mg/g. Myricetin content ranged from ND to 42.4 ng/g; quercetin content ranged from ND to 53.6 ng/g and kaempferol was ND in the 30 Pu-Erh tea samples. The total polyphenol contents (gallic acid equivalent) were found to range from 20.1 mg/g to 188.1 mg/g and the average content (mg/ g dry leave weight) of caffeine was 25.9 mg/g. The inhibitory effects of phenolic compounds and 30 Pu-Erh tea aqueous extracts on cholesterol synthesis in Hep G2 cell line were tested. GCg (IC50＝67.85 μM), EGCg (IC50＝72.76 μM), ECg (IC50＝88.09 μM) and gallic acid (IC50＝90.99 μM) were found to be effective compounds to inhibit the cholesterol synthesis in Hep G2 cell line. The inhibiton ratios of 30 Pu-Erh tea samples were ranged from 7% to 35%. The highest correlation coefficient between inhibition ratio and bioactive components was exhibited by EC (0.66), the second highest was gallic acid (0.60), and the total polyphenol (0.58) content was the third. Different separation and purification methods were employed for the investigation of Pu-Erh tea active principles from “unknown components aspect.” The molecular weight (MW) was first employed to be the separation principle, however, the inhibition ratio of the best fraction (MW＜1000, 22%) was no better than the original extract. Therefore, separation by polarity was chosen. Methanol fraction showed the highest inhibition ratio (46%), but further separation and purification utilizing XAD-7 chromatography did not give better fractions than the original methanol fraction. Finally, sequential liquid-liquid partition with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol was applied on Pu-Erh tea aqueous extract, and the inhibition ratio of ethyl acetate fraction was found to be significantly raised (67%). The polyphenolic and statin compounds in ethyl acetate layer were analyzed by HPLC. No statin compounds were found, while gallic acid was the major phenolic compound (5.1%, by weight) in ethyl acetate fraction. MTT assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity of gallic acid and the cell viability was found to be similar to control group. It is concluded in this study that gallic acid might be one of the active principles in Pu-Erh tea to inhibit cholesterol synthesis in Hep G2 cell line, but the mechanism still needs to be further elucidated.