Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Equipes Scientifiques"

Objetivo: Identificar as principais infecções oportunistas (IOs) associadas as pessoas com a síndrome da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Métodos: Concerne em uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com a inclusão de artigos em português e inglês, no período de 2019 a 2023. A coleta foi realizada na base de dados Lilacs (Literatura Latina Americana do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), Medeline (Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde) e Scielo (Scientifique Eletronic Library). Assim, 16 publicações foram incluídas no estudo. Resultados: As principais IOs prevalentes em pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS (PVHA) são pneumonia, tuberculose, candidíase oral, dermatite, meningite criptocócica, toxoplasmose do sistema nervoso central (SNC), herpes zoster e sarcoma de kaposi (SK). Posto isso, foi observada uma disposição imunológica no organismo, de PVHA, a infectar-se pelas IOs, provocando um aumento nos índices de morbimortalidade. Por fim, notabilizou-se a assistência prestada pelo enfermeiro a PVHA. Considerações finais: Certificou-se que, PVHA que interrompem ou suspendem o uso da TARV aceleram a replicação do vírus, através da baixa contagem dos linfócitos CD4, provindo disso, emergem as IOs, elevando riscos ao óbito. Ante o exposto, fica indispensável toda assistência desempenhada pela atenção primária, a equipe de enfermagem, percursores à promoção, prevenção, tratamento e reabilitação da saúde.

Résumé Le présent numéro spécial de la revue Archimède. Archéologie et histoire ancienne, organisé sous les auspices du projet Imago Genitalium : Sex and Gender in Ancient Mediterranean Art, porte sur les représentations du phallus dans l'Antiquité. Le projet a pour objectif de combler les lacunes de la recherche sur les parties sexuelles du corps, les organes qui leur sont associés (les seins) et leurs fluides. En effet, en partie à cause de l'héritage des lois de l'époque victorienne interdisant le matériel jugé « indécent » ou « obscène » parce qu'il était considéré comme évoquant la sexualité (même si celle-ci est vaguement définie), une grande quantité du matériel représentant des images d'organes génitaux humains dans l'Antiquité a régulièrement été isolée de ses contextes matériels d'origine, séquestrée dans des « cabinets secrets » spécialement désignés dans les musées et cachée à la vue du public. Malgré certains progrès, de nombreux comptes rendus scientifiques de l'Antiquité ne sont pas parvenus à intégrer ce matériel dans les contextes culturels et matériels desquels il a été systématiquement mis à l’écart, ce qui conduit à en avoir une vision déformée. La présente édition, première publication du groupe Imago Genitalium (https://genitaliaandco.hypotheses.org/equipe) attire l'attention sur les représentations du phallus en Égypte, au Levant et en Asie Mineure, en Grèce et dans l'Empire romain afin de mieux comprendre les significations culturelles et les fonctions rituelles associées à ces représentations. Bien qu'il y ait quelques exceptions, en général, les images discutées ne connotent pas l’« obscénité », mais représentent plutôt les termes positifs d'une série de dualités qui se chevauchent : vie/mort, création/destruction, santé/maladie, protection/malheur et prospérité/malheur. Les articles de ce numéro spécial traitent de l'apparence et de l'usage multiple du phallus dans les pratiques funéraires et mortuaires, des rituels d'attribution de la parenté, de la divination, de la procréation et de la fertilité, de la guérison et de la médecine, ainsi que des conventions artistiques déployées pour distinguer les tout-petits des adultes ou pour susciter le rire et alors détourner le mauvais œil. Abstract Title: Imago Genitalium: Introduction to the special issue “The phallus in Antiquity” The present special issue of the journal Archimède. Archéologie et histoire ancienne, organized under the auspices of the Imago Genitalium: Sex and Gender in Ancient Mediterranean Art project, focuses on depictions of the phallus in Antiquity. It aims to fill the gap in research on the sexual parts of the body, their associated organs (the breasts) and their fluids. Due in part to the legacy of Victorian-period laws banning material deemed to be “indecent” or “obscene” because it was held to connote sexuality (however vaguely defined), a large amount of material depicting images of human genitalia in Antiquity has regularly been isolated from its original material contexts, sequestered in specially designated “secret cabinets” of museums, and hidden from public view. Despite some progress, many scholarly accounts of Antiquity fail to integrate this material into the cultural and material contexts from which it was systematically stripped, resulting in distorted views. The present special edition, the first publication of the Imago Genitalium group (https://genitaliaandco.hypotheses.org/equipe), draws attention to representations of the phallus in Egypt, the Levant and Asia Minor, Greece, and the Roman Empire to better understand the cultural significations and ritual functions associated with those representations. Although there are some exceptions, in general the images discussed did not connote “obscenity,” but instead represented the positive terms in a series of overlapping dualities: life/death, creation/destruction, health/illness, protection/harm, and prosperity/misfortune. The essays in this special issue deal with the multifarious appearances and usages of phalli within the contexts of funerary and mortuary practices, rituals of kinship attribution, divination, procreation and fertility, healing and medicine, and artistic conventions deployed to distinguish toddlers from adults or to elicit laughter and thus to avert the evil eye.

A reflexão apresentada neste artigo, iniciada ao longo do trabalho de pesquisa, busca esclarecer alguns conceitos (mono-multi-pluri-inter-trans-disciplinaridade) antes de extrair lições práticas. Para exemplificar, apresenta-se a dinâmica do desflorestamento em Madagascar, mais especificamente da Reserva especial de Manongarivo (noroeste), tema de um projeto de pesquisa entre 1994 e 2003 (“Ecologia política e biodiversidade”). Como tema, o conceito de desflorestamento é um construto social e científico. Para tanto, é necessário desenvolver uma reflexão “interdisciplinar”, uma desconstrução e reconstrução, no seio de qualquer equipe que aborda o assunto. Um enfoque particularmente difícil em relação às práticasda pesquisa. RÉSUMÉLa réflexion présentée dans cet article, entamée au cours d’un travail de terrain, tente de clarifier quelques concepts (mono, multi, pluri, inter et trans – disciplinarité), avant d’en tirer des leçons pratiques. A titre d’exemple, est présentée la dynamique de la déforestation à Madagascar et plus spécifiquement le cas de la Réserve spéciale de Manongarivo (Nord-Ouest), qui a fait l’objet d’un projet de recherche entre 1994 et 2003 (“Ecologie politique et biodiversité”). Comme objet, le concept de déforestation est un construit social et scientifique. Il nécessite une réflexion “interdisciplinaire”, une déconstruction et une reconstruction, au sein de toute équipe qui l’aborde. Une démarcheparticulièrement difficile au regard des pratiques de la recherche.d’une première version de cet article, qui lui doit donc beaucoup.

Cette thèse examine le rôle de l'intelligence artificielle (IA) dans la résolution des problèmes sociétaux, en se concentrant sur son impact sur la recherche scientifique, le développement industriel et les perceptions du public. Chapitre 1 explore les résultats scientifiques des collaborations interdisciplinaires entre les médecins et les spécialistes de l'IA pendant la pandémie COVID-19. Chapitre 2 traite de l'impact de Transformers sur la science, en mettant l'accent sur le codéveloppement de la technologie de l'IA entre les universités et l'industrie. Chapitre 3 explore les perceptions du public sur les principales technologies de la quatrième révolution industrielle (4IR). La thèse considère l'IA comme une technologie transformatrice, appelant à une gouvernance proactive afin d'optimiser ses avantages et d'atténuer ses risques
This thesis examines the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in addressing societal challenges, focusing on its impact on scientific research, industrial development, and public perceptions. Chapter 1 explores the scientific outcome of interdisciplinary collaborations between physicians and AI specialist during the COVID-19 pandemic. Chapter 2 discusses the impact of Transformers on science, with a focus on the co-development of AI technology between universities and industry. Chapter 3 explores public perceptions on the main technologies of fourth industrial revolution (4IR). The thesis positions AI as a transformative technology, calling for proactive governance to optimize its benefits and mitigate its risks

Ce travail de recherche, en se référant au cadre théorique de Pierre Bourdieu, montre que l'enseignement supérieur peut être considéré comme un champ scientifique défini comme un microcosme, relativement autonome du macrocosme économique et social, mais néanmoins fortement pénétré par les valeurs et l'évolution de ce dernier vers le libéralisme. Cette évolution est clairement perceptible dans les réformes structurelles (contractualisation, décentralisation, autonomie accrue...), induites notamment par la construction de l'espace européen de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche. L'enseignement supérieur est structuré en sous champs disciplinaires hiérarchisés avec au centre les disciplines dominantes (sciences dures) et à la périphérie les disciplines dominées (SHS). Cette hiérarchisation est tangible dans la formation doctorale, centre de cette recherche : La mise en oeuvre d'une enquête sur la formation doctorale à l'Université de Bourgogne sous forme de deux questionnaires destinés aux doctorants et aux directeurs de thèse des écoles doctorales de cette université, a permis de mettre en évidence que les habitus et la socialisation professionnelle des doctorants sont très différents selon les champs disciplinaires autant au niveau des conditions matérielles et sociales de travail des doctorants, de l'importance des rôles joués par les acteurs, que des outils de la formation- socialisation professionnelle des doctorants.

Globally, the past decade has seen the proliferation of the science communication agenda across a range of platforms. In the African continent, science communication has assumed an even more critical role, particularly when viewed against the backdrop of the structural and infrastructural deficiencies that continue to hamper science and development. Thus, without the advancement of the science communication agenda, attempts at addressing pressing developmental challenges while simultaneously moulding a scientifically literate African society are doomed to fail. In South Africa, the imperative for scientists to engage actively with the broader society emerged after the country became a democracy in 1994. These engagements continue to be shaped by the pernicious legacies of apartheid, related to sociocultural, racial, and gender inequalities. This chapter argues that gaps exist between the South African government’s well-developed policy positions and the practical implementation of its scientists’ imperative to deliver, through meaningfully resourced mechanisms, a viable, sustainable, and impactful science communication agenda. This in turn raises a critical question: where are the essential ‘foot soldiers’ and associated resources for the effective and sustainable delivery of science communication activities in the South African scenario? The challenge is daunting given the pressing need to equip and grow the critical mass of South African science communicators within holistic, sociocultural, and empowering ethical frameworks. This need arises in the context of a South African science landscape that remains dominated by Eurocentric hegemonic traditions. The chapter concludes by elaborating how the capacity-building, Afrocentric programme ‘Africa Scientifique: Leadership, Knowledge & Skills for Science Communication’, delivered annually since 2020 at AIMS South Africa and in partnership with African Gong, has demonstrated the potential to address the aforementioned gaps and challenges.

Abstract The paper highlights the successful application of a new single-phase, polymer-free delayed acid fluid technology for re-stimulation in an offshore well in Brazil's pre-salt field. The study's objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of this new system in bypassing near wellbore formation damage and to compare it with the conventional emulsified acid system. The new fluid system underwent extensive lab testing in Houston and Macaé with the support of TotalEnergies Reservoir Wellbore Interface (RWI) in Centre Scientifique et Technique Jean Féger (CSTJF) before being utilized for the re-stimulation job. Propriety matrix acidizing software was employed to optimize the job design, volumes, pumping rates, and diversion strategy. The treatment design aimed to ensure acid coverage along the wellbore of a multizone well and radial extension to bypass formation damage. The treatment was verified by pre-treatment and post-treatment production logging tool (PLT) analysis. Prior to the main acid pumping, an acid prewash with coiled tubing equipped with a pulsating pressure waves tool was performed. The acid pumping plant was arranged on a modified platform supply vessel (PSV), which significantly reduced the costs involved with a dedicated Stim Vessel. The treatment was performed successfully utilizing modified PSV) via a drillship to the subsea well. The acid pumping plant arranged on PSV was a unique project, where a full Stimulation Plant was assembled on the main deck of the support vessel, significantly reducing the costs involved with a dedicated Stimulation Vessel. The new single-phase, polymer-free delayed acid fluid technology resulted in an overall skin reduction from -0.8 to -4.0, despite the variations in permeability observed in different zones. The system was successful in treating all three zones as planned, leading to an incremental production increase of 17% on barrels of oil per day (bopd) after well production stabilization and an increase in production index (PI). The effectiveness of the system was confirmed by Production Logging Tool (PLT) analysis before and after the treatment. Using the new acid fluid simplified operations compared to the emulsified acid system used previously in the initial stimulation, reducing rig time for the job execution. The new single-phase, polymer-free delayed acid fluid technology is considered a suitable candidate for treating multiple zones with permeability variations in Brazil's pre-salt formations. The new acid fluid technology is an efficient alternative to the conventional emulsified acid system, which is logistically more complex and less environmentally friendly. The results of this study provide practical guidance for practicing engineers working on re-stimulation operations in offshore wells with near wellbore formation damage.