Tesi sul tema "Équilibre (économie politique) – Sociologie"
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Hugues, Fanny. "Débrouilles rurales : les modestes économes au prisme de l'ethnographie ethnocomptable de leurs espaces domestiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0072.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on rural resourcefulness, i.e. a set of lifestyles characterised by low incomes and a large resort to the subsistence economy. The precariousness of the labour market and the decline of social rights since the end of the 20th century, the contemporary context of high inflation, as well as the invisibilisation, or even stigmatisation of these « modest thrifties » by the public authorities raise the question of the social and material conditions that sustain these lifestyles, which are a minority within the rural social morphology.How do people in the French countryside actually live with low income over the long term, doing more than just surviving? In other words, what are the local monetary and non-monetary resources that ensure the reproduction of rural resourcefulness? How are they constantly combined, arranged and assembled according to material, temporal, spatial and technical constraints and possibilities? How are they unequally accessible and mobilised? What matters, what do they rely on, and who do they rely on to consider living well on little income in rural areas?The results presented in this thesis are based on a multi-site ethnographic survey of 31 households, using the ethno-accounting method, in several rural areas in 6 « départements ». While highlighting the practices common to modest thrifties, the household monographs make it possible to detect the (small) socio-economic differences that lead to unequal ways of getting by. To tackle these issues, his thesis takes a close look at dispositions, trajectories and social relationships.The thesis is divided into five sections. The first section examines the value of a hybrid methodology for investigating rural resourcefulness. It sketches out a space of rural resourcefulness, based on a typology of 4 social groups: ‘precarious women’, ‘retired farmers’, ‘workers and peasants’ and ‘low-income intermediaries’. The second section explores the material living conditions of modest thrifties, i.e. their monetary and land resources. Managing their limited budgets and securing their residential stability are crucial to the balance of these domestic economies. Their economic socialisation sheds light on the homogeneity of their ascetic behaviour, while a study of their housing trajectories reveals the heterogeneity of their paths. The third section examines the way in which the extended domestic space, – the main scene of rural resourcefulness –, is unevenly invested and integrated into a continuum between subsistence and consumption. Personal space and personal time are essential to subsistence practices, such as the domestic production of food or firewood. These practices are subject to economic, temporal and symbolic trade-offs that reflect class, gender and age positions. The fourth section looks into the technical skills of Do It Yourself and the social skills of mutual aid on which the main part of rural resourcefulness is based. The interdependence of these domestic economies to their local areas allows for access to goods and services that would otherwise be unaffordable on the market, without escaping the social relations that structure these lifestyles. The fitfh section examines the moral ecologies of modest thrifties and the different ways in which they relate to environmental issues, especially regarding legitimate environmental standards. The practical and moral sense that guides their thrifty practices, inherited from childhood and updated throughout their lives, leads them to affirm three forms of socially situated moral ecologies: ‘anti-waste’, ‘peasant’ and ‘anti-consumerist’
Maalej, Ameur. "Etude de la taxation en équilibre général". Toulouse 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU1A001.
Testo completoThe object of this analysis is the presentation of general equilibrium analysis for theoritical and empirical study of tax incidence. Our study have two objects: - the first object is a presentation of synthetical analysis of comparative statics for a study of taxation in general equilibrium model with two sectors. - the second is a presentation of technical method for computation of equilibrium; we present the scarf's algorithm for the computation of equilibrium and shoven and whalley's algorithm for the computation of equilibrium with tax. To illustrate those technicals methods of computation we will apply those technicals after a presentation of calibration method for numerical specification of model
Mercier-Ythier, Jean. "Equilibre général et don". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989IEPP0012.
Testo completoMeddeb, Moncef. "Equilibre général et ensembles de production non convexes : tarification non linéaire, infinité de biens et externalité de réseau". Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010012.
Testo completoToumi, Salwa. "Applications de la théorie de l'équilibre et des notions de value-at-risk à la finance de marché". Cergy-Pontoise, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CERG0213.
Testo completoGuerrien, Bernard. "Les fondements théoriques de la notion de flexibilite". Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010017.
Testo completoChapelot, Annick. "Ajustements et déséquilibre". Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX32016.
Testo completoDesequilibrium analysis presents the functionning of a decentralized economy where prices are fixed throughout the short period and describes quantity adjustments necessary for transactions to take place. After a presentation of this approach, three critical notes are formulated : the economy described is not a monetary economy; disequilibrium cannot be estimated or does not even exist; explanation of price changes is unsatisfactory. By introducing credit market and financial values, one can remove the first criticism. A stochastic approach enables adjustments to be estimated. Partial price flexibility is studied, too. But excess of rules and regulations does not produce only price rigidity throughout the short period. Quantities inflexibility has therefore to be studied and a price adjustment mechanism to be developped under disequilibrium hypothesis. Because of an arbitration between the two mechanisms, adjustments can take place by turns during the same period while dynamic analysis shows their alternance by period. They can also coexist like in cobweb models or when the economy is characterized by a "contraints-field"
Ganem, Angela. "Théorie de l'équilibre général : le mythe d'un ordre rationnel". Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100145.
Testo completoBellet, Michel. "De l'hérérogénéité à la variété des agents économiques : études industrielles et spatiales". Saint-Etienne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STETT047.
Testo completoThe common feature crossing the works presented in this thesis is concerned with seeling ways to adress agents economic heterogeneity. The two traditions about this question have been very transformed over the past decade. The first one, from the walrasian frame, identifies different agents. These differences are a priori data : endowments, agents list, preferences and technologies. The agents have price knowledge and so they are totally informed. Coordination is based on the neutrality between equilibrium process ("tatonnement" or growth path) and equilibrium itself. Comparative statics is the mean for studying economic change. The second way, from classical tradition, is a theory of macroeconomic regularities or a structural theory, with agegate levels. Agents heterogeneity is supposed solved; there is an agregate or structure heterogeneity. The evolution of the two approachs, focusing on micro-economic foundations, adresses the agents heterogeneity, with its consequences on the definitions of rationality, coordination types, knowledge ans learning process and economic dynamics. With two important dimensions, the industrial one and the spatial one, our thesis is specially directed toward the modifications of the second tradition performed by evolutionary theory : the variety notion is used to provide explanations of heterogeneity, with some ambiguities and news questions
Mocilnikar, Antoine-Tristan. "Essais en économie publique". Paris 9, 1995. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1995PA090023.
Testo completoThe essays deal with rights to import, export, produce or invest. First, we derive an explicit valuation formula for the right, then, we study a right market in a static framework and finally in a dynamic one. When there are increasing return to scale, external effects, uncertainty or when investment is irreversible, the price mechanism is no more socially efficient. In such a situation, a regulator is needed soas to modify the subsequent equilibrium in a more efficient way. In particular, we can formulate three recommendations : tax regimes and international trade policies have long term effects on growth, to implement a quota without distribuing the corresponding right is socially inefficient and manipulations on a spot market can be reduced if forward trading is allowed
Daubrée, Cécile. "Marchés parallèles et équilibres économiques". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF10004.
Testo completoAngaoui, Moulay Ahmed. "Monnaie et efficacité dans les développements récents de la théorie de l'équilibre général". Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE0003.
Testo completoOur work is a critical study devoted to the relation between money and market efficiency which is an important concern of some recent developments of general equilibrium theory. Specifically, we examine models built in the idea to get away from arrow-debreu scheme by incorporating frictions such as transaction costs, "double infinity", incertainty ant the "double coincidance" problem. We show that those models do not establish a robust and unambigu link between money and efficiency
Raybaut, Alain. "Cycles et instabilité : traditions et renouveau dans la théorie des fluctuations économiques". Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE0002.
Testo completoThe purpose of this research is to investigate the analysis of persitent instability in modern macrodynamic theory. It rests on a preliminary history of economic thought survey of the early twentieth century's business cycles theories to which recent theoritical revival on the topic refers. On this bais a particular examination of the mainly recent compone nts of this revival is done. Two great approaches are thus distinguished. The first one rests on the self-adjustment properties of market economies. It aims, as monetary or real equilibrium theory. The dynamic is then understood as representative agents' intertemporal choices in response to monetary or real exogenous shocks. The second one, which mainly retains our attention in this thesis, promotes an endogenous notion of macro-economic instability. On this point of view, dynamic method consits of a description with non linear processes of non uniform and out of equilibrium evolution of an economy
Mandel, Antoine. "Équilibre général, nouveaux marchés et économie du changement climatique". Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010025.
Testo completoBonino, Philippe. "Financement décentralisé des activités productives : équilibre, viabilité et acceptabilité". Grenoble 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE21015.
Testo completoLavialle, Christophe. "La formation des grandeurs économiques : de l'ajustement hors équilibre à une approche monétaire". Orléans, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ORLE0501.
Testo completoStarting from the difficulties encountered by the "standard" model, the walrasian general equilibrium one, which characterizes the real analysis, in establishing a coherent answer to the question of the formation of economic magnitudes, the thesis aims at reinforcing the legitimacy of monetary analysis, in reducing the importance of the paradigmatic character of the fundamental division real analysis (theory of value) monetary analysis. To this end, we try to demonstrate the existence of a closeness in the two domains the treatment of exchange processes and the one of money are, between the attempts to improve the standard model and the works relying on the monetary analysis. Thus, the presupposition of money can appear as a requirement to resolve the difficulties encountered by the standard model, and then more as a result than as a postulate with no other legitimacy than to be a plain alternative to the nomenclature postulate, which founds real analysis. The objective of monetary theory, conceived now as an essential step in the understanding of the process of the formation of society, can be then redefined : to base a general undestranding of the conditions of monetary creation
Mesplé-Somps, Sandrine. "Biens publics de production et équilibre général : e analyse de chocs de dépenses publiques en économie ouverte sous ajustement". Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010068.
Testo completoThe aim of the thesis is to examine how the macroeconomics models of stabilization are modified when public expenditures are supposed to be public intermediate goods. The existence of a general equilibrium and the haberler and rybczynski theorems are verified in a Ricaro-Viner-Jones model with a public intermediate good. This first investigation allows to analyze the impacts of public expenditures variations within the framework of the model of a dependent economy. We show that the standard conclusions of this model are not robust. The findings of the monetary approach of the balance of payments are also modified. The indirect impacts of public expenditures variations are more complex when the hypothesis of unemployment is introduced. This analysis allows to understand better the impacts of the international aid and to improves the Harris-Todaro model
Tosi, Élise. "Coordination de l'activité et politique économique". Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0011.
Testo completoThe aim of the dissertation is to deal with economic policy, from the point of view of its effects. The method consists in exploring the relationship between coordination and economic policy. In this aim, we build two alternative frameworks of analysis: equilibrium coordination and disequilibrium coordination. The first one defines the coordination related to market clearing in the sense that prices are equilibrium prices. The second one deals with situations where prices are false prices and equilibrium should not be reached. In this case, information is incomplete and the market forces work through time. The first chapter makes an introduction of the topic, through the historical debates between hayek, keynes and robertson. The second chapter shows the relationship between equilibrium coordination and economic policy. The third one explores the disequilibrium approach, whereas the fourth chapter is an application of this twofold lecture on the unemployment problem
Gilányi, Zsolt. "La monnaie : marchandise versus système". Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0172.
Testo completoWe examine the problem of integration of money into general equilibrium theory in the light of two money concepts:. The Mengerian concept, stating that money is a commodity and the Schumpeterian concept stating that money is a special payment system. We find that the insufficiencies of standard monetary theory are not only due to the fact that the conceptual framework of general equilibrium theory does not allow the representation of the money - commodity, but also to the fact that the concept of money - commodity seems to be unsatisfactory. As the fundamental concepts of standard economic theory do not allow the adequate representation of the money – system, it is necessary to modify them. We construct a formal model
Bennardo, Alberto. "Une analyse d'equilibre general des phenomenes d'alea moral". Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0107.
Testo completoThis thesis studies the properties of competitive and second best allocations of multicommodity production economies with moral hazard. Our analysis considers the competitive interactions which take place when there exists a large number of traders in each market and agents are asymmetrically informed. We characterise the set of equilibrium allocations and elucidate the welfare properties of competitive equilibria under alternative hypotheses concerning the verifiability of agents' trades. Equilibrium allocations are defined by two set of conditions: the conditions of individual rationality and the conditions of no- arbitrage opportunities in real and financial markets. In equilibrium, agents and firms maximise their objective functions, and exploit all the arbitrage possibilities in each market. We show that an equilibrium without arbitrage opportunities always exists and that the no-arbitrage prices can be different from the market clearing prices. When this effectively happens, rationing phenomena arise in equi, librium. We also completely characterise the set of contracts traded in markets with asymmetric information, and we clarify the role of lottery contracts and of contracts with commitments on future periods' trades. Finally, we prove that the first welfare theorem does not hold in moral hazard economies, and characterises the set of transfers policies which decentralise second best allocations
Lenfant, Jean-Sébastien. "La substituabilité dans la théorie de la demande et des prix : généalogie d'un concept". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010018.
Testo completoZivoder, Alex. "Chômage d'inadéquation sur micro-marchés efficaces : étude de l'existence, de la stabilité et de la mesure du phénomène". Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0057.
Testo completoThe main purpose of this dissertation is to study the mismatch between labour supply and demand, defined as a state where job vacancies coexist with unemployed persons at the global level of a labour market broken down in tiny micro-markets, each of them perfectly efficient in terms of its capacity to match labour supplies and demands. The first chapter analyses the conditions necessary to the existence of a "micro-mismatch" equilibrium. It introduces not only the way the fixed price equilibrium theory proposes to formalise trades in an economy made of micro-markets, on each of which a fixed and rigid wage prevails, but also the conditions for the existence of labour supply and demand curves as well as the limits of deriving beveridge curves based on a partial equilibrium approach and of constructing the space of goods using the nomenclature hypothesis. Following the analysis of the first chapter, the reader may be naturally tempted to believe that vacancy and unemployment coexist because of rigid wages and prices. However, a critical analysis establishes that unemployed persons and vacant jobs may coexist even if trades are all made at walrasian prices on every micro-market. The second chapter draws on the analysis developed by the non-tatonnement models to bring to light a number of factors each capable of generating persistent vacancies and unemployment. The third chapter introduces the indicators proposed by the fixed price equilibrium theory to measure the size of micro-mismatch. Some general results are established that do not rely on the concept of statistical distributions of demands and supplies and strengthen the key role played by the variance of desequilibria in measureing the phenomenon. One demonstrates the constancy of the variance along any beveridge curve, whatever the initial distribution of micro-supplies and micro-demands. Finally, this chapter proposes a line of research aiming at determining the number of labour micro-markets of an economy. The conclusion puts in perspective these results with the achievements of the english schools, in particular that of the nairu
Roy, Nathalie. "Demande effective et équilibre de sous-emploi". Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE005.
Testo completoThe principle of effective demand was introduced by J. M Keynes as a device to explain unemployment equilibrium. However, this principle should be valid in all cases and especially in the "classical case". But, to apply effective demand to the neo-classical framework one needs to introduce a concept of "potential demand" to account for the determination of full employment equilibrium satisfactorily. This new formulation reacts on the understanding of the principle of effective demand; it leads to a unification of the concept of aggregate demand price avoiding the co-existence of two alternative definitions, contrary to Keynes and his commentators. This approach allows to point out the deficiencies of the behavioural explications of unemployment, particularly, the influence of psychological propensions. Nevertheless, two principles in Keynes's thought must be maintained for a structural analysis of effective demand shortage: the insufficiency of expected profits and investment beyond a certain level of activity. Once Keynes's explanations have been discarded, it appears more clearly that an analysis of capital accumulation is a pre-condition for a structural analysis of unemployment. If the evolution of the rate of profit is governed by structural malfunctions whereas the interest rates are determined by supply and demand of funds, the marginal efficiency of capital and the interest rates could follow separate paths. To maintain their profitability, firms will therefore turn towards financial markets and abandon investment projects thus reducing their demand for labour
Bigot, de Morogues Francis. "Sur les jeux stratégiques de marché". Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX24010.
Testo completoLô, Gueye Ahmadou. "Existence de l'équilibre concurrentiel et rationalité". Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX32041.
Testo completoMicroeconomics studies the actions and interactions of the individuals who participate in economics. Methodological individualism is a criterion that serves to identify the subject and the research method of economic science. It states that, whatever the phenomenon studied by economics, it may be possible to define it as the results of a certain set of decisions or behaviour by individual agents. This position is shared by neoclassical economic theorists who identify microeconomics and methodological individualism in their studies. This work is based on this version. Four chapters are developed in it. The first chapter presents the foundations of the arrow-debreu model. While the second and the third chapter are devoted to some reflexions on game theory chapter four describes how to weaken the concept of rationality defined here like a positive hypothesis towards the effective behaviour of individual agents. Finally, we adopt a point of view which leads to some questions about the impasse following the collaps of the foundations competitive equilibrium theory
Bonnisseau, Jean-Marc. "Existence de l'équilibre : le cas d'ensembles de production non convexes". Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010028.
Testo completoThe purpose of this thesis is to study the existence of a general equilibrium in a model of economy a la Arrow-Debreu in which the technological possibilities of the may exhibit increasing returns or fixed costs. This implies the non convexity of the production sets. To describe the behaviour of the producers, we use the concept of pricing rule which allows us to encompass the cases of producers which are profit maximizer, or which follow the average cost pricing rule, the marginal cost pricing rule, or the voluntary trading pricing rule. We prove several existence theorems. The first ones are devoted to the marginal pricing rule and the marginal cost pricing rule. We also show the link between this two rules. We next state an existence result for general pricing rules which essentially rests on a bounded losses assumption. From this theorem, we deduce all the existing results in the literature but the ones presented above. The last chapter is devoted to the definition of a new concept of equilibrium called equilibrium with quantity targets. The main difference with the standard equilibrium is that one requires a minimal level of production. We state an existence theorem of equilibrium with quantity targets which is deduced from the existence theorem with bounded losses pricing rules
Gourdel, Pascal. "Contribution à la théorie de l’équilibre général : non convexités et marchés incomplets". Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010050.
Testo completoBen, Jabeur Djemail. "Capital, production et crises". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611692z.
Testo completoBissingou, Alfred Florent. "Les Théories contemporaines du circuit : une approche critique". Amiens, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AMIE0052.
Testo completoMage, Bertomeu Sabine. "Ouverture commerciale et croissance - Une analyse en équilibre général appliqué au cas de la Pologne". Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090056.
Testo completoWe assess the impact of Poland's adhesion to EU both on economic growth and welfare. We implement an applied general equilibrium model with endogenous technological change. The model is solved to obtain both the transitional and the steady-state equilibria. We explore the effects of trade and R&D promotion policies on reallocating ressources between the R&D activities and the traditional sector. In a multi-sector framework, we propose une distinction between high and low technological products. The results show that regional integration has a little impact on economic growth and not allows to take advantage of global spillovers. A subsidy to R&D sector allows to magnify the trade policies effects on economic performance and social welfare. The fiscal policy chosen to compensate the financial loss of the government plays an important part in the welfare evaluation
Angeloni, Laura. "Méthodes de séparation en économie mathématique : équivalence d'Edgeworth et arbitrage". Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010057.
Testo completoUctum, Ugur Remzi. "Aspects internationaux d'une économie en déséquilibre : fondements théoriques et applications économétriques : France 1963-1984". Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100032.
Testo completoThe main theoretical idea of this research is to introduce disequilibrium situations in a mundell-fleming type open economy model. The economy is compound, on the one hand, of the goods and labour markets with sticky prices in the short run. These markets are subject to quan titative rationings, and therefore produce spill-over effects on the other markets. On the other hand, the model contains the stock market and the balance of paiements that are always in equilibrium. A stochas tic specification is chosen for the effective demands and supplies of goods and labour. The parameters of the disequilibrium model are then estimated using a non-linear iterative optimisation procedure based on maximum likelihood method and the occurence probalities of the random regimes are computed (quarterly french data, period 1963-1984). A rationing on a market leads to three types of repercussions : intramarket restrictive effects, spill-over effects between markets and gross compensation effects with foreign markets. The results of various economic policies are studied. The computation of the occurence probabilities of the regimes shows some persistence of the classical un employment regime over the 1976-84 period in the industrial sector
Mele, Antonio. "Dynamiques non linéaires, volatilité et équilibre : théorie et applications aux marchés financiers". Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100069.
Testo completoMost of the financial markets theory is essentially linear : usually, dynamic financial models are described by linear stochastic differential equations. However, there has been a surge of interest for some very important problems raised by non-linear dynamics. This thesis aims at studying partial and general equilibrium schemes which take into account of these phenomena, particularly, the presence of sudden changes of volatility over time. The work is splitted into two main parts : econometric theory and economic theory, the econometric part is devoted to fill a gap between econometric models with stochastic volatility and arch models. The main argument is the analysis of univariate arch models when the time-scale i s very fast; we show in particular the weak convergence of a fairly general class of arch models towards stochastic differential equations when the sampling frequency is faster and faster. This allows us to uncover some important properties of arch which were not yet known before. The economic part exploits these results in order to build up new contingent models in continuous time. These models belong to the stochastic volatility literature. Closed form solutions are found for some of these models, and a particularly convenient procedure is proposed for their estimation
Gamp, Jan-Philip. "Jeux coopératifs et leur relation de marché". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010015.
Testo completoBoisdeffre, Lionel de. "Contribution à la théorie de l'équilibre général des marchés financiers en asymétrie informationnelle". Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010024.
Testo completoKirmanoglu, Hasan. "Esquisse d'un modèle alternatif aux modèles de l'équilibre général-programmables (MEG-P)". Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100019.
Testo completoThis 3e cycle thesis aims to elaborate an essay of an alternative model to the computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. The principal reason of the choice of such a subject is due to the fact that CGE models do not permit to examine the economic problems that appear in the form of disequilibrium such that inflation, unemployment in spite of the fact that they constitute an alternative to the traditional models likes input-output and linear programming models. This incapacity results of their theoretical basis, i. E. Walrasian general equilibrium theory, that is not defined for disequilibrium situations. That is why our alternative model is based on disequilibrium theory that provides a more general framework which permits analysing the economic problems mentioned above. The thesis is made of two parts. The first part introduces CGE models after having been analysed the reasons that lead their substitution to the traditional models. The second part presents our model by referring to a critical survey of the disequilibrium theory
Alpe, Yves. "Sociologie d'une innovation pédagogique : l'enseignement des sciences économiques et sociales au lycée". Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10055.
Testo completoSecondary education has been deeply altered by the advent of new school disciplines or the creations of new sections. The teaching of economic and social sciences in secondary instruction has caused an enormous development of the "b" series in admitting pupils of a modest socioprofessional class. It has contributed to the democratisation of secondary education. The representation of b series pupils depend very little on the disciplinary contents of the series. The pupils professional or university projects seldom includ economy or sociology. The teachers of economical and social sciences have an identity crisis. Their sillabus does not correspond to the universities present division of their subjects. They emphasise the particular character of the subject, to which they have alloted an essential role in the social education of adolescents and have adopted peculiar methodological and didactic positions. The teaching of economical and social science in secondary education is distinguished by the unusual style of it's contents and especially its methods. So has it greatly influencend secondary education
Dhont-Peltrault, Estelle. "Détermination endogène et mesure de la protection commerciale : la prise en compte des relations intersectorielles". Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU2004.
Testo completoRème, Pétronille. "Harrison C. White : une théorie générale des marchés". Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010063.
Testo completoSchwob, Claude. "Décentralisation, information et équilibre économique général". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR10007.
Testo completoRaouf, Radouane. "L' impact des délocalisations sur le commerce et l'emploi : Evaluation à l'aide d'un MEGC [modèle d'équilibre général calculable] pour le cas des délocalisations de la France vers les PECO [pays d'Europe centrale et orientale]". Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32035.
Testo completoFor the past two decades, relocations have continued to feed the public debate and make headlines in economic and financial news. All industrialized countries are affected by this phenomenon, which has been described as being a threat to industry. We are interested in this thesis to study the impact of relocation (offshoring) to low wage countries and in particular to the CEE countries, on Frances exports and employment. In this context, the study of movements of relocation involves the analysis of FDI flows. The impact on exports is analysed and assessed by the study of substitution-complementary relationship between outward FDI and exports. The effect on employment can be considered as a result of this relationship. In contrast, the impact on employment depends on the nature of the qualification (skilled or unskilled labor) and the structure of the labor market. There exist a controversy between the theoretical analysis and empirical studies. The theoretical contributions argue for a substitution effect between FDI and exports and a negative impact on unskilled labor. Empirical studies carried out in this field does not come to the same conclusion and the optimists among them conclude that there is a complementary relationship between exports and outflows of FDI to these countries at the macroeconomic level and a substitution relationship at the firm level. For the impact on employment, the effect of offshoring is very low. For the case of France, we have demonstrated, using a Granger causality test, a complementary effect (bilateral causality) between outward FDI from France and exports to the CEECs. For employment, we have adopted another method, an AGE model. The impact on employment is reflected by a negative effect on unskilled labor and a rather positive effect on Skilled labor. The results of this model are consistent with predictions of neoclassical theory known as the Stolper-Samuelson effect. Given the magnitude of the shock that we simulated (a doubling of FDI to the CEECs with a 50% increase in FDI outflows to the rest of the world), the impact of offshore outsourcing on employment in France, in macro level, is limited
Jin, Yosuke. "Interest rate, asset valuation and wealth in a general-equilibrium setting, based on the structuralist theory : technological progress and obsolescence". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0046.
Testo completoThe structuralist theory developed by Phelps is one of the intertemporal equilibrium approaches and it brings into light the essential role of asset valuation. The structuralist general equilibrium model assumes that firms invest until the marginal adjustment cost equals the asset price which is the discounted stream of future profits, and that financial variables such as asset valuation can affect effectively decisions on output and labor demand through a specific transmission mechanism. I assume that shocks to asset valuation find their source in innovation process which is essentially a disequilibrium phenomenon, which results in a breaking up in the temporal production structure (i. E. The balance between investment and final output). In this case, the asset price has to be formed in such a circumstance characterized by uncertainty on future profits and on the productivity level subject to the future state of technology. I show, following the methodologies in the previous structuralist empirical analyses, that asset pricing explains significantly firms’ investment decision. I also show that shocks in asset pricing are effectively caused by the type of technological progress embodied in capital, and that obsolescence, which is the inherent nature of this type of technological progress, eventually weighs on asset pricing over the near-term future
Rocha, Victor Filipe Martins da. "Équilibre général avec une double infinité d'agents et de biens". Paris 1, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001497.
Testo completoGohin, Alexandre. "Modélisation du complexe agro-alimentaire français dans un cadre d'équilibre général". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010078.
Testo completoThis thesis is aimed at developing a static computable general equilibrium model of the french economy, with an emphasis on the agricultural and food processing sectors. So far research has concentrated on the effects of policy changes on agriculture and/or parts of the food processing industries only ; the general equilibrium approach allows to consider the french food complex in its global economic environment. Three characteristics of the developed model may be underlined : the high level of disaggregation of the various stages of the food complex, the representation of production technologies and consumer preferences, the explicit modelling of the agricultural policy instruments. The model is used to analyse a great variety of agricultural policy scenarios and provides useful results for agricultural policy makers
Thibault, Florence. "Que peut-on apprendre du concept de chômage d'équilibre issu des modèles wage setting-price setting". Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA131002.
Testo completoDeveloped there is more than ten years, the Wage Setting - Price Setting models have contributed to the debate on the reasons of unemployment. This work proposes to draw up an assessment of the contributions and limits of the concept of equilibrium unemployment based on these models. After a presentation of the various concepts of equilibrium unemployment, we expose the three major contributions of this concept deduced from the relations Wage Setting and Price Setting. : it makes possible to exceed the shortcomings of the PHILLIPS Curve ; it contributes to create original indicators such as the replacement rate ; it is a reliable tool for analysing economic policy. However, as all the equilibrium concepts refering to medium term, it contains a great normative component. It is possible to chek this point when the period used to estimate the level of the equilibrium unemployment is longer. This problem can be extend in economics to all equilibrium concepts refering to the medium term
Poulon-Lafaye, Nicole. "Le système agrimonétaire et l'équilibre agricole européen". Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR1D006.
Testo completoWithin the common agricultural policy (cap) of the european economic community (eec), the agro-monetary system (with its representative or "green" rates and its monetary compensatory amounts or mca) aims to keep, in spite of the monetary troubles, the one price law for the agricultural products submitted to the common market organization. Made to keep the european agricultures in equilibrium and to avoid competitive distorsions between them when monetary troubles occur, the agro-monetary system itself : i) is an equilibrium between the european will to save the unity and the national forces which diverge from the common targets; ii) has to cope with financial disequilibriums which make its future uncertain; iii) creates price and margin distorsions; iv) at least, is not neutral but has an effect upon the european agricultures international specialization. These are the four items of our research upon "the agro-monetary system and the european agricultural equilibrium". Our conclusion is a "balance-sheet" of the agro-monetary system, where we introduce the consumers beside the producers and the goverments. We find then a negative social surplus
Hamoudi, Hamid. "Existence d'équilibres en prix dans les modèles de différenciation des produits". Toulouse 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU10006.
Testo completoIn recent years theorizing on products differentiation has revealed the problem of the non-existence of Nash equilibrium in prices in pure strategies. This difficulty in generally due to discontinuity or non quasi concavity of profit functions of firms, and it is linked with the specifications adopted in the models. This study is centered on the analysis of the non-existence of Nash equilibrium in prices on differentiated duopolis tic markets. We intend to highlight the specifications chosen in the models and also the eventual modifications that can be achieved to restore the existence of price equilibrium. The classical existence theorem in mixed strategy equilibrium (Glicksberg, 1952) favours the restoratium of the equilibrium however the solutions presented by a number of authors are obtained on continuous strategy sets and by the means of great hypothesis on the functions of profit. Thus, following this observation, we will propose a simpler and more manageable equilibrium concept, namely: a concept of a lengthening of mixed game on finished supports. The implementation of this notion is very helpful at the level of economic realism and of mathematical technique
Barret, Christophe. "L'économétrie du déséquilibre : une application à la modélisation du marché du gaz naturel aux USA". Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOE002.
Testo completoNegroni, Giorgio. "La coordination des anticipations dans les économies dynamiques". Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0041.
Testo completoGabriel, Florent. "Productivité et régulation : le dépassement de la dichotomie du réel et du monétaire comme solution au problème de la valeur". Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080869.
Testo completoThe goal of this work was to provide a solution of value's problem of ricardo and marx, wich need to criticize the value repartition confusion and the dichotomy of real and monetary. This solution lay down a new articulation between productivity and regulation wich try carry a solution of unemployment by the cuts in work-time and a new extensiv growth