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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Equid herpesvirus"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 22 giugno 2024

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1

Vengust, Modest, Xin Wen e Dorothee Bienzle. "Herpesvirus-Associated Neurological Disease in a Donkey". Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 20, n. 6 (novembre 2008): 820–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870802000620.

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A 4-year-old donkey was evaluated for progressive neurological abnormalities consisting of depression, stupor, weakness, and recumbency. Diagnostic evaluation for viral involvement identified an asinine herpesvirus in DNA extracted from deep pharyngeal swabs. Specific primers were designed based on comparison with equine herpesviral DNA polymerase sequences and yielded an 875-base pair product from the donkey. This sequence had complete identity with short sequences of asinine herpesvirus previously identified in donkeys with interstitial pneumonia. Amino acid analysis of the entire sequence indicated high similarity with Equid herpesvirus 7 (91%), Zebra herpesvirus 1 (90%), and Equid herpesvirus 2 (89%). With supportive treatment and physical therapy, the donkey gradually recovered over 5 days of hospitalization and returned to normal function. The current case illustrates the potential of a novel asinine herpesvirus to induce neurological disease in donkeys and provides a large viral sequence allowing confident assignment of this virus to the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae.

2

Vengust, Modest, John D. Baird, Tony van Dreumel, Cameron Ackerley e Dorothee Bienzle. "Equid Herpesvirus 2-Associated Oral and Esophageal Ulceration in a Foal". Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 20, n. 6 (novembre 2008): 811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870802000618.

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A case of a 1-month-old Thoroughbred foal with dysphagia, salivation, pyrexia, oral mucosal pustules, and esophageal ulceration is reported. Swabs from the ulcerated lesions yielded Equid herpesvirus 2 (EHV-2) in virus isolation assays, and histopathology of a biopsy from the esophageal lesion identified nuclear inclusions suggestive of herpesviruses. Immunohistochemical staining with antibodies specific for EHV-2 was positive for epithelial cells in the vicinity of the ulcer but not in more distant mucosa. Electron microscopic evaluation of the biopsy showed herpesviral particles in epithelial cells. The foal recovered over 5 days of supportive and gastroprotective therapy, and the esophageal ulcers healed. Serology and immunohistochemistry indicated that this foal likely had lesions associated with EHV-2 and not EHV-1, −4, or −5.

3

Stokol, Tracy, Wee Ming Yeo, Deborah Burnett, Nicole DeAngelis, Teng Huang, Nikolaus Osterrieder e James Catalfamo. "Equid Herpesvirus Type 1 Activates Platelets". PLOS ONE 10, n. 4 (23 aprile 2015): e0122640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122640.

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4

INAZU, Mamiko, Osamu TSUHA, Rikio KIRISAWA, Yoshimi KAWAKAMI e Hiroshi IWAI. "Equid Herpesvirus 1 Infection in Mice." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 55, n. 1 (1993): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.55.119.

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5

Osińska, E., A. Golke, A. Słońska, J. Cymerys, M. W. Bańbura e T. Dzieciątkowski. "HybProbes-based real-time PCR assay for rapid detection of equine herpesvirus type 2 DNA". Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 15, n. 3 (1 ottobre 2012): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10181-012-0064-9.

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Abstract Equid herpesvirus type 2 (EHV-2) together with equid herpesvirus type 5 are members of Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily, genus Rhadinovirus. EHV-2 is one of major agents causing diseases of horses common worldwide. A possible role of EHV-2 in reactivating latent equid herpesvirus type-1 has been suggested, because reactivation of latent EHV-1 was always accompanied by EHV-2 replication. Variety techniques, including cell culture, PCR and its modifications, have been used to diagnose EHV-2 infections. The aim of this study was to develop, optimize and determine specificity of real-time PCR (qPCR) for EHV-2 DNA detection using HybProbesR chemistry and to evaluate clinical samples with this method. The analytical sensitivity of assay was tested using serial dilutions of viral DNA in range between 70 and 7x105 copies/ml. The limit of detection (LOD) was calculated using probit analysis and was determined as 56 copies/ml. In further studies 20 different clinical samples were tested for the presence of EHV-2. Described in-house qPCR method detected viral DNA in 5 of 20 specimens used. The results of this work show that developed HybProbes-based real-time PCR assay is very reliable and valuable for detection and quantification of equid herpesvirus type 2 DNA in different clinical samples. The high level of sensitivity, accuracy and rapidity provided by the LightCycler 2.0 instrument are favorable for the use of this system in the detection of EHV-2 DNA in veterinary virology.

6

Abdel-Rady, A., I. Abd El-Rahim, S. Gad El-Rab Abd El-Hameed e S. Malek. "Clinical and Molecular Epidemiological Study on Herpesviruses Infection among Equid Populations in Upper Egypt". Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 73, n. 4 (21 gennaio 2023): 4689–872. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.28144.

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The present study was carried out to record the clinical signs of equine herpesviruses (EHVs) infection and to detect the prevalence of EHVs infection among working equids in different provinces of Egypt. A total number of 115 working equids (92 horses and 23 donkeys) were clinically examined and sampled from November 2018 till November 2019 for this study. Two samples were collected from each animal (nasal swab and blood sample) and were subjected to multiplex-PCR to detect the prevalence of different EHVs infection among equids. In the current study, the overall prevalence of EHVs infection among equid populations in Egypt was 80% by using multiplex-PCR. Moreover, the most prevalent equine herpesvirus (EHV) among equids in Upper Egypt was EHV-2 (61.74%), followed by EHV-5 (43.48%), EHV-1 (20%), and EHV-4 (13.04%). The recorded clinical signs of the examined equids harbored EHVs (PCR-positive) can be summarized as follow: a higher percentage was detected among equids with a history of acute onset (59.78%), pyrexia (57.61%), and/or systemic illness (45.65%) with or without respiratory signs (56.52%) and ocular signs (35.87%). Furthermore, 4.35% and 1.09% of EHV-1 PCR-positive equids displayed neurological signs and abortion, respectively.

7

Stokol, Tracy, Wee Ming Yeo, Deborah Burnett, Nicole DeAngelis, Teng Huang, Nikolaus Osterrieder e James Catalfamo. "Correction: Equid Herpesvirus Type 1 Activates Platelets". PLOS ONE 15, n. 8 (19 agosto 2020): e0237679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237679.

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8

Marenzoni, Maria Luisa, Giacomo Coppola, Margherita Maranesi, Fabrizio Passamonti, Katia Cappelli, Stefano Capomaccio, Andrea Verini Supplizi, Etienne Thiry e Mauro Coletti. "Age-dependent prevalence of equid herpesvirus 5 infection". Veterinary Research Communications 34, n. 8 (15 settembre 2010): 703–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11259-010-9443-9.

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9

Canelli, E., G. Manna, G. L. Autorino e P. Cordioli. "Analysis of Italian equid herpesvirus type 1 strains". Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 32, n. 10 (ottobre 2012): S65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2012.08.140.

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10

Scheurer, Laura, Claudia Bachofen, Isabelle Hardmeier, Julia Lechmann e Angelika Schoster. "Prevalence of Nasal Shedding of Equid Gammaherpesviruses in Healthy Swiss Horses". Viruses 13, n. 9 (25 agosto 2021): 1686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091686.

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Equid Gamma herpesvirus (eGHV) infections have been reported worldwide and may be correlated with clinical signs, e.g., affecting the respiratory tract in young horses. eGHV are shed by healthy horses as well as horses with respiratory tract disease. The prevalence in healthy Swiss horses is unknown to date but this data would provide valuable information for causal diagnosis in clinical cases and formulation of biosecurity recommendations. Nasal swabs from 68 healthy horses from 12 Swiss stables and 2 stables near the Swiss border region in Germany were analyzed by panherpes nested PCR. Positive samples were sequenced. A multivariable model was used to determine if sex, age, breed, canton, or stable had a significant effect on the shedding status of each detected eGHV. Overall, the eGHV prevalence was 59% (n = 68); the prevalence for equid herpesvirus-2 (EHV-2), equid herpesvirus-5 (EHV-5) and asinine herpesvirus-5 (AHV-5) was 38%, 12% and 9%, respectively. Co-infections with multiple eGHVs were observed in 25% of the positive samples. The odds of shedding EHV-2 decreased with age (p = 0.01) whereas the odds of shedding AHV-5 increased with age (p = 0.04). Breed, sex, canton, or stable had no significant association with eGHV shedding. As EHV-2 shedding was common in healthy horses a positive PCR result must be interpreted with caution regarding the formulation of biosecurity recommendations and causal diagnosis. As EHV-5 and AHV-5 shedding was less common than EHV-2, a positive test result is more likely to be of clinical relevance. Shedding of multiple eGHV complicates the interpretation of positive test results in a horse.

11

Diallo, Ibrahim S., Glen Hewitson, Lucia L. Wright, Mark A. Kelly, Barry J. Rodwell e Bruce G. Corney. "Multiplex real-time PCR for the detection and differentiation of equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and equid herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4)". Veterinary Microbiology 123, n. 1-3 (20 luglio 2007): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.02.004.

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12

Wardle, Roisin, Jane A. Pullman, Sam Haldenby, Lorenzo Ressel, Marion Pope, Peter D. Clegg, Alan Radford et al. "Identification of Equid herpesvirus 2 in tissue-engineered equine tendon". Wellcome Open Research 2 (3 agosto 2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12176.1.

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Background:Incidental findings of virus-like particles were identified following electron microscopy of tissue-engineered tendon constructs (TETC) derived from equine tenocytes. We set out to determine the nature of these particles, as there are few studies which identify virus in tendonsper se, and their presence could have implications for tissue-engineering using allogenic grafts.Methods:Virus particles were identified in electron microscopy of TETCs. Virion morphology was used to initially hypothesise the virus identity. Next generation sequencing was implemented to identify the virus. A pan herpesvirus PCR was used to validate the RNASeq findings using an independent platform. Histological analysis and biochemical analysis was undertaken on the TETCs.Results:Morphological features suggested the virus to be either a retrovirus or herpesvirus. Subsequent next generation sequencing mapped reads to Equid herpesvirus 2 (EHV2). Histological examination and biochemical testing for collagen content revealed no significant differences between virally affected TETCs and non-affected TETCs. An independent set of equine superficial digital flexor tendon tissue (n=10) examined using designed primers for specific EHV2 contigs identified at sequencing were negative. These data suggest that EHV is resident in some equine tendon.Conclusions:EHV2 was demonstrated in equine tenocytes for the first time; likely fromin vivoinfection. The presence of EHV2 could have implications to both tissue-engineering and tendinopathy.

13

Wardle, Roisin, Jane A. Pullman, Sam Haldenby, Lorenzo Ressel, Marion Pope, Peter D. Clegg, Alan Radford et al. "Identification of Equid herpesvirus 2 in tissue-engineered equine tendon". Wellcome Open Research 2 (17 ottobre 2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12176.2.

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Background:Incidental findings of virus-like particles were identified following electron microscopy of tissue-engineered tendon constructs (TETC) derived from equine tenocytes. We set out to determine the nature of these particles, as there are few studies which identify virus in tendonsper se, and their presence could have implications for tissue-engineering using allogenic grafts.Methods:Virus particles were identified in electron microscopy of TETCs. Virion morphology was used to initially hypothesise the virus identity. Next generation sequencing was implemented to identify the virus. A pan herpesvirus PCR was used to validate the RNASeq findings using an independent platform. Histological analysis and biochemical analysis was undertaken on the TETCs.Results:Morphological features suggested the virus to be either a retrovirus or herpesvirus. Subsequent next generation sequencing mapped reads to Equid herpesvirus 2 (EHV2). Histological examination and biochemical testing for collagen content revealed no significant differences between virally affected TETCs and non-affected TETCs. An independent set of equine superficial digital flexor tendon tissue (n=10) examined using designed primers for specific EHV2 contigs identified at sequencing were negative. These data suggest that EHV is resident in some equine tendon.Conclusions:EHV2 was demonstrated in equine tenocytes for the first time; likely fromin vivoinfection. The presence of EHV2 could have implications to both tissue-engineering and tendinopathy.

14

CASTRO, E. R., e J. ARBIZA. "Detection and genotyping of equid herpesvirus 1 in Uruguay". Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 36, n. 3 (1 dicembre 2017): 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.36.3.2715.

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15

MUMFORD, JENNY A. "The epidemiology of Equid herpesvirus abortion: a tantalising mystery". Equine Veterinary Journal 23, n. 2 (marzo 1991): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02723.x.

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16

Laval, Kathlyn, Herman W. Favoreel, Jolien Van Cleemput, Katrien C. K. Poelaert, Ivy K. Brown, Bruno Verhasselt e Hans J. Nauwynck. "Entry of equid herpesvirus 1 into CD172a+ monocytic cells". Journal of General Virology 97, n. 3 (1 marzo 2016): 733–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000375.

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17

Frymus, T., St Woyciechowska, A. Schollenberger e A. Poliwoda. "Skin Hypersensitivity to Equid Herpesvirus Type 1 in Horses". Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B 25, n. 5 (13 maggio 2010): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.1978.tb00749.x.

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18

Barrandeguy, M., A. Vissani, F. Pont Lezica, J. Salamone, A. Heguy, L. Becerra, C. Olguin Perglione e E. Thiry. "Subclinical infection and periodic shedding of equid herpesvirus 3". Theriogenology 74, n. 4 (settembre 2010): 576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.03.014.

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19

Klouth, Eva, Yury Zablotski, Jessica L. Petersen, Marco de Bruijn, Gittan Gröndahl, Susanne Müller e Lutz S. Goehring. "Epidemiological Aspects of Equid Herpesvirus-Associated Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) Outbreaks". Viruses 14, n. 11 (21 novembre 2022): 2576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14112576.

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Equid Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) is a multifactorial disease following an EHV-1 infection in Equidae. We investigated a total of 589 horses on 13 premises in Europe in search of risk factors for the development of EHM. We found that fever (p < 0.001), increasing age (p = 0.032), and female sex (p = 0.042) were risk factors for EHM in a logistic mixed model. Some breeds had a decreased risk to develop EHM compared to others (Shetland and Welsh ponies; p = 0.017; p = 0.031), and fewer EHV-1-vaccinated horses were affected by EHM compared to unvaccinated horses (p = 0.02). Data evaluation was complex due to high variability between outbreaks with regards to construction and environment; viral characteristics and the virus’s transmissibility were affected by operational management. This study confirms earlier suspected host-specific risk factors, and our data support the benefit of high vaccine coverage at high-traffic boarding facilities.

20

Bażanów, Barbara, Natalia Jackulak, Magdalena Florek e Zdzisław Staroniewicz. "Equid Herpesvirus-Associated Abortion in Poland between 1977-2010". Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 32, n. 11 (novembre 2012): 747–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2012.03.001.

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21

Purewal, A. S., A. V. Smallwood, R. Allsopp, H. M. Welch e N. Edington. "Cross-hybridization of equid herpesvirus-2 (EHV-2) and herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) genes to equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1)". Veterinary Microbiology 35, n. 1-2 (maggio 1993): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(93)90111-j.

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22

Goodrich, Erin L., Amy McLean e Cassandra Guarino. "A Pilot Serosurvey for Selected Pathogens in Feral Donkeys (Equus asinus)". Animals 10, n. 10 (2 ottobre 2020): 1796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10101796.

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Recent removal and relocation of feral donkeys from vast public lands to more concentrated holding pens, training facilities, and offsite adoption locations raises several health and welfare concerns. Very little is known regarding the common equid pathogens that are circulating within the feral donkey population in and around Death Valley National Park, California, USA. The aim of this study was to utilize serologic assays to assess previous exposure of these donkeys to equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), equine influenza (EIV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Borrelia burgdorferi (the causative agent of Lyme disease). The results of this study indicate that this feral equid population is mostly naïve and likely susceptible to these common equid pathogens upon removal from the wild.

23

Moeller, Robert B., Beate Crossley, Arlena Pipkin, Yanqiu Li e Udeni B. R. Balasuriya. "Systemic equid alphaherpesvirus 9 in a Grant’s zebra". Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 30, n. 4 (12 aprile 2018): 580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638718767722.

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A 2-y-old female Grant’s zebra ( Equus quagga [ burchellii] boehmi) was presented with a clinical history of depression, anorexia, and weakness of 1-wk duration. Postmortem examination identified ulcers on the tongue and palate; a large abscess adjacent to the larynx; left lung consolidation; mild swelling, darkening, and congestion of the liver with accentuation of the lobular pattern; and edema and congestion of the distal small and large intestines. Histologic examination identified necrotizing bronchopneumonia, necrotizing hepatitis, nephritis, and enterocolitis. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions were detected in syncytial cells and degenerate bronchial epithelium in the lungs and in some hepatocytes associated with necrotic foci. Bacterial cultures of the lung, liver, and laryngeal abscess failed to detect any significant pathogen. Lung and liver tested positive for equine herpesvirus with neuropathogenic marker by real-time PCR. Subsequently, equine herpesvirus was isolated in tissue culture, and the entire viral DNA polymerase gene (ORF30) was sequenced. The zebra lung isolate had a very close nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity to equid alphaherpesvirus 9 (EHV-9; 99.6% and 99.8%, respectively) in contrast to the neuropathogenic T953 strain of EHV-1 (94.7% and 96.6%, respectively). Although zebras are considered the natural host for EHV-9, we document an unusual acute systemic, fatal EHV-9 infection in a 2-y-old Grant’s zebra.

24

Klouth, Eva, Yury Zablotski e Lutz S. Goehring. "Apparent Breed Predilection for Equid Herpesvirus-1-Associated Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) in a Multiple-Breed Herd". Pathogens 10, n. 5 (29 aprile 2021): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10050537.

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Equid herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) causes several outbreaks of abortion and/or equid herpesvirus-associated myeloencephalopathy (EHM) worldwide each year. EHM is of great concern, as permanent neurological gait anomalies can leave a horse unfit for future use. The study assesses the risk factors associated with the occurrence of EHM. During an unmitigated outbreak, 141 adult horses/ponies of several distinct breeds were evaluated—using multiple Bayesian logistic regression calculating the odds ratios for breed, age, and sex. In total, 33 of the 141 horses showed signs of EHM. Fjord horses and warmblood horses were overrepresented among those developing EHM. The pony breeds, Welsh and Shetland ponies, were underrepresented. In addition, age and sex were not associated with the risk for EHM. The main limitation was that it was a retrospective analysis with some flaws of documentation. It can be concluded that breed was a significant risk factor for developing EHM during this outbreak.

25

Badr, Chaima, Oussama Souiai, Marwa Arbi, Imen El Behi, Mohamed S. Essaied, Ines Khosrof, Alia Benkahla, Ahmed Chabchoub e Abdeljelil Ghram. "Epidemiological and Phylogeographic Study of Equid Herpesviruses in Tunisia". Pathogens 11, n. 9 (5 settembre 2022): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11091016.

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Equid herpesvirus (EHV) is a contagious viral disease affecting horses, causing illness characterized by respiratory symptoms, abortion and neurological disorders. It is common worldwide and causes severe economic losses to the equine industry. The present study was aimed at investigating the incidence of EHVs, the genetic characterization of Tunisian isolates and a spatiotemporal study, using 298 collected samples from diseased and clinically healthy horses. The global incidence of EHV infection was found to be about 71.81%. EHV2 and EHV5 were detected in 146 (48.99%) and 159 (53.35%) sampled horses, respectively. EHV1 was detected in 11 samples (3.69%); EHV4 was not detected. Co-infections with EHV1-EHV2, EHV1-EHV5 and EHV2-EHV5 were observed in 0.33%, 1.34% and 31.54% of tested horses, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses showed that gB of EHV2 and EHV5 displays high genetic diversity with a nucleotide sequence identity ranging from 88 to 100% for EHV2 and 97.5 to 100% for EHV5. Phylogeography suggested Iceland and USA as the most likely countries of origin of the Tunisian EHV2 and EHV5 isolates. These viruses detected in Tunisia seemed to be introduced in the 2000s. This first epidemiological and phylogeographic study is important for better knowledge of the evolution of equid herpesvirus infections in Tunisia.

26

ATASEVEN, Veysel Soydal, Fırat DOĞAN, Seval BİLGE DAĞALP, Mehmet Tolga TAN, Köksal ALTINBAY e Cafer Tayyar ATEŞ. "Serological survey of equid herpesvirus 3 infection in Turkish horses". TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 38 (2014): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/vet-1311-72.

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27

Mumford, J. A. "Equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV 1) latency: More questions than answers". Equine Veterinary Journal 17, n. 5 (settembre 1985): 340–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02515.x.

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28

CARRIGAN, M., P. COSGROVE, P. KIRKLAND e MARGARET SABINE. "An outbreak of Equid herpesvirus abortion in New South Wales". Equine Veterinary Journal 23, n. 2 (marzo 1991): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02732.x.

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29

EDINGTON, NEIL, CHARLES G. BRIDGES e LINDA GRIFFITHS. "Equine Interferons Following Exposure to Equid Herpesvirus-1 or -4". Journal of Interferon Research 9, n. 4 (agosto 1989): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jir.1989.9.389.

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30

IWAI, Hiroshi, Aya KODERA, Noriyuki SEKIYA, Akiko NAKAMURA e Rikio KIRISAWA. "Effect of Equid Herpesvirus 1 Infection on Parturition of Mice." Journal of Equine Science 9, n. 1 (1998): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1294/jes.9.25.

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31

CYMERYS, J., D. MISZCZAK, A. SŁOŃSKA, A. GOLKE e M. W. BAŃBURA. "Autophagy in cultured murine neurons infected with equid herpesvirus 1". Acta virologica 58, n. 03 (2014): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4149/av_2014_03_292.

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32

Martín Ocampos, G. P., N. A. Fuentealba, G. H. Sguazza, L. R. Jones, M. M. Cigliano, C. G. Barbeito e C. M. Galosi. "Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of Argentinian Equid Herpesvirus 1 strains". Virus Genes 38, n. 1 (21 novembre 2008): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11262-008-0301-6.

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33

Vissani, M. A., S. Galdo Novo, M. Ciancia, O. Zabal, E. Thiry, A. Bratanich e M. Barrandeguy. "Effects of lambda-carrageenan on equid herpesvirus 3 in vitro". Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 39 (aprile 2016): S61—S62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2016.02.133.

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34

Vissani, M. A., O. Zabal, M. S. Tordoya, E. Thiry e M. Barrandeguy. "Susceptibility of equid herpesvirus 3 field isolates to antiviral compounds". Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 39 (aprile 2016): S68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2016.02.147.

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35

Schvartz, Gili, Nir Edery, Lior Moss, Rabea Hadad, Amir Steinman e Sharon Karniely. "Equid Herpesvirus 8 Isolated From an Adult Donkey in Israel". Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 94 (novembre 2020): 103247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103247.

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36

Lecollinet, Sylvie, Stéphane Pronost, Muriel Coulpier, Cécile Beck, Gaelle Gonzalez, Agnès Leblond e Pierre Tritz. "Viral Equine Encephalitis, a Growing Threat to the Horse Population in Europe?" Viruses 12, n. 1 (24 dicembre 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12010023.

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Abstract (sommario):

Neurological disorders represent an important sanitary and economic threat for the equine industry worldwide. Among nervous diseases, viral encephalitis is of growing concern, due to the emergence of arboviruses and to the high contagiosity of herpesvirus-infected horses. The nature, severity and duration of the clinical signs could be different depending on the etiological agent and its virulence. However, definite diagnosis generally requires the implementation of combinations of direct and/or indirect screening assays in specialized laboratories. The equine practitioner, involved in a mission of prevention and surveillance, plays an important role in the clinical diagnosis of viral encephalitis. The general management of the horse is essentially supportive, focused on controlling pain and inflammation within the central nervous system, preventing injuries and providing supportive care. Despite its high medical relevance and economic impact in the equine industry, vaccines are not always available and there is no specific antiviral therapy. In this review, the major virological, clinical and epidemiological features of the main neuropathogenic viruses inducing encephalitis in equids in Europe, including rabies virus (Rhabdoviridae), Equid herpesviruses (Herpesviridae), Borna disease virus (Bornaviridae) and West Nile virus (Flaviviridae), as well as exotic viruses, will be presented.

37

Smith, KC, KE Whitwell, JA Mumford, D. Hannant, AS Blunden e JP Tearle. "Virulence of the V592 Isolate of Equid Herpesvirus-1 in Ponies". Journal of Comparative Pathology 122, n. 4 (aprile 2000): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jcpa.1999.0373.

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38

EDINGTON, N., e C. G. BRIDGES. "One way protection between equid herpesvirus 1 and 4 in vivo". Research in Veterinary Science 48, n. 2 (marzo 1990): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-5288(18)30997-4.

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39

Barrandeguy, M., A. Vissani, C. Olguin, G. Barbara, H. Valenzuela, L. Becerra, M. Tordoya, S. Miño e E. Thiry. "Experimental infection with equid herpesvirus 3 in seronegative and seropositive mares". Veterinary Microbiology 160, n. 3-4 (dicembre 2012): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.06.024.

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40

Molinková, D., P. Skládal e V. Celer. "In vitro neutralization of equid herpesvirus 1 mediated by recombinant antibodies". Journal of Immunological Methods 333, n. 1-2 (aprile 2008): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2008.01.019.

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41

PEREZ-ECIJA, Alejandro, Francisco Javier MENDOZA, José Carlos ESTEPA, María José BAUTISTA e José PÉREZ. "Equid herpesvirus 1 and rhodococcus equi coinfection in a foal with bronchointerstitial pneumonia". Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 78, n. 9 (2016): 1511–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.16-0024.

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42

Mira, Francesco, Marta Canuti, Santina Di Bella, Roberto Puleio, Antonio Lavazza, Davide Lelli, Domenico Vicari et al. "Detection and Molecular Characterization of Two Gammaherpesviruses from Pantesco Breed Donkeys during an Outbreak of Mild Respiratory Disease". Viruses 13, n. 8 (2 agosto 2021): 1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081527.

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Abstract (sommario):

Equid and asinine gammaherpesviruses (GHVs; genus Percavirus) are members of the Herpesviridae family. Though GHVs have been reported in horse populations, less studies are available on gammaherpesviral infections in donkeys. This study reports the co-infection with two GHVs in Pantesco breed donkeys, an endangered Italian donkey breed. Samples (n = 124) were collected on a breeding farm in Southern Italy from 40 donkeys, some of which were healthy or presented erosive tongue lesions and/or mild respiratory signs. Samples were analysed by using a set of nested PCRs targeting the DNA polymerase, glycoprotein B, and DNA-packaging protein genes, and sequence and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Twenty-nine donkeys (72.5%) tested positive, and the presence of Equid gammaherpesvirus 7 and asinine herpesvirus 5 was evidenced. In 11 animals, we found evidence for co-infection with viruses from the two species. Virions with herpesvirus-like morphology were observed by electron microscopic examination, and viruses were successfully isolated in RK-13-KY cell monolayers. The histological evaluation of tongue lesions revealed moderate lympho-granulocytic infiltrates and rare eosinophilic inclusions. The detection of GHVs in this endangered asinine breed suggests the need long-life monitoring within conservation programs and reinforces the need for further investigations of GHV’s pathogenetic role in asinine species.

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Stasiak, Karol, Magdalena Dunowska e Jerzy Rola. "Kinetics of the Equid Herpesvirus 2 and 5 Infections among Mares and Foals from Three Polish National Studs". Viruses 14, n. 4 (29 marzo 2022): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040713.

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Abstract (sommario):

Equid herpesvirus 2 (EHV-2) and 5 (EHV-5) are two γ-herpesviruses that are commonly detected from horses worldwide, based on several cross-sectional molecular surveys. Comparatively few studies examined the dynamics of γ-herpesvirus infection over time in a group of horses. The aim of the current study was to investigate the dynamics of EHV-2/5 infections among mares and their foals at three Polish national studs with different breeds of horses: Arabians, Thoroughbreds and Polish Konik horses. Nasal swabs were collected from each of 38 mare-foal pairs monthly for a period of 6 to 8 months. Virus-specific quantitative PCR assays were used to determine the viral load of EHV-2 and EHV-5 in each sample. All 76 horses sampled were positive for EHV-2 or EHV-5 on at least one sampling occasion. The majority (73/76, 96%) were infected with both EHV-2 and EHV-5. In general, the mean load of viral DNA was higher in samples from foals than from mares, but similar for EHV-2 and EHV-5 at most sampling occasions. There was, however, a considerable variability in the viral DNA load between samples collected at different times from the same foal, as well as between samples from different foals. The latter was more apparent for EHV-2 than for EHV-5. All foals became infected with both viruses early in life, before weaning, and remained positive on all, or most, subsequent samplings. The virus shedding by mares was more intermittent, indicating the existence of age-related differences. Overall, the data presented extend our knowledge of EHV-2/5 epidemiology among mares and foals.

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Walter, J., H. J. Balzer, C. Seeh, K. Fey, U. Bleul e N. Osterrieder. "Venereal Shedding of Equid Herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) in Naturally Infected Stallions". Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 26, n. 6 (4 settembre 2012): 1500–1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00997.x.

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45

Garvey, Marie, Nicolás M. Suárez, Karen Kerr, Ralph Hector, Laura Moloney-Quinn, Sean Arkins, Andrew J. Davison e Ann Cullinane. "Equid herpesvirus 8: Complete genome sequence and association with abortion in mares". PLOS ONE 13, n. 2 (7 febbraio 2018): e0192301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192301.

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46

Kanitz, Fábio A., Juliana F. Cargnelutti, Deniz Anziliero, Kelley V. Gonçalves, Eduardo K. Masuda, Rudi Weiblen e Eduardo F. Flores. "Respiratory and neurological disease in rabbits experimentally infected with equid herpesvirus 1". Microbial Pathogenesis 87 (ottobre 2015): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2015.07.007.

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47

O'KEEFE, JS, MR ALLEY, D. JONES e CR WILKS. "Neonatal mortality due to equid herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) in a foal". Australian Veterinary Journal 72, n. 9 (settembre 1995): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1995.tb07542.x.

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Dunowska, M., G. Gopakumar, M. R. Perrott, A. T. Kendall, S. Waropastrakul, C. A. Hartley e H. B. Carslake. "Virological and serological investigation of Equid herpesvirus 1 infection in New Zealand". Veterinary Microbiology 176, n. 3-4 (aprile 2015): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.01.016.

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49

Vissani, M. A., M. L. Becerra, C. Olguín Perglione, M. S. Tordoya, S. Miño e M. Barrandeguy. "Neuropathogenic and non-neuropathogenic genotypes of Equid Herpesvirus type 1 in Argentina". Veterinary Microbiology 139, n. 3-4 (novembre 2009): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.06.025.

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50

Mori, C. M. C., E. Mori, L. L. Favaro, C. R. Santos, M. C. C. S. H. Lara, E. M. C. Villalobos, E. M. S. Cunha, P. E. Brandao, L. J. Richtzenhain e P. C. Maiorka. "Equid Herpesvirus Type-1 Exhibits Neurotropism and Neurovirulence in a Mouse Model". Journal of Comparative Pathology 146, n. 2-3 (febbraio 2012): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.04.003.

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