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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Epoxy compounds"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 7 settembre 2023

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1

Rudawska, Anna. "Experimental Study of Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Compounds Modified with Calcium Carbonate and Carbon after Hygrothermal Exposure". Materials 13, n. 23 (29 novembre 2020): 5439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235439.

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The objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of hygrothermal exposure on the mechanical properties of epoxy compounds modified with calcium carbonate or carbon fillers. In addition, comparative tests were carried out with the same parameters as hygrothermal exposure, but the epoxy compounds were additionally exposed to thermal shocks. The analysis used cylindrical specimens produced from two different epoxy compounds. The specimens were fabricated from compounds of epoxy resins, based on Bisphenol A (one mixture modified, one unmodified) and a polyamide curing agent. Some of the epoxy compounds were modified with calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The remainder were modified with activated carbon (C). Each modifying agent, or filler, was added at a rate of 1 g, 2 g, or 3 g per 100 g of epoxy resin. The effect of the hygrothermal exposure (82 °C temperature and 95% RH humidity) was examined. The effects of thermal shocks, achieved by cycling between 82 °C and −40 °C, on selected mechanical properties of the filler-modified epoxy compounds were investigated. Strength tests were carried out on the cured epoxy compound specimens to determine the shear strength, compression modulus, and compressive strain. The analysis of the results led to the conclusion that the type of tested epoxy compounds and the quantity and type of filler determine the effects of climate chamber aging and thermal shock chamber processing on the compressive strength for the tested epoxy compounds. The different filler quantities, 1–3 g of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or activated carbon (C), determined the strength parameters, with results varying from the reference compounds and the compounds exposure in the climate chamber and thermal shock chamber. The epoxy compounds which contained unmodified epoxy resin achieved a higher strength performance than the epoxy compounds made with modified epoxy resin. In most instances, the epoxy compounds modified with CaCO3 had a higher compressive strength than the epoxy compounds modified with C (activated carbon).

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2

Egunova, T. N., e N. I. Baurova. "Investigation of operational properties of epoxy-sand compounds used in repair of machines". Technology of Metals, n. 2 (febbraio 2023): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1684-2499-2023-0-2-11-18.

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The results of a series of experimental studies of the properties of epoxy-sand compounds used in the repair of components of road construction machines are presented. The influence of the preparation of a dispersed filler on the properties and structure of the compound has been evaluated. The resistance of the epoxy-sand compounds to the effects of aggressive media (anti-icing materials) was investigated. The values of the friction coefficients of the epoxy-sand compound were determined. It was found that reducing the filler concentration provided the best resistance of epoxy-sand compounds to aggressive media and the best wear resistance of the compound.

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3

Uschitsky, M., e E. Suhir. "Moisture Diffusion in Epoxy Molding Compounds Filled With Particles". Journal of Electronic Packaging 123, n. 1 (2 settembre 1998): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1325009.

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Mechanical reliability of epoxy molding compounds in plastic packages of integrated circuits (IC) is greatly affected by the compound ability to absorb moisture. Accordingly, the objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of moisture sorption on the mechanical properties of the compound. Experimental studies were conducted to evaluate the moisture diffusion in compounds with different, from moderate to high, concentration of silica and alumina nitride fillers. The weight-gained analysis indicated that the moisture diffusion was of non-Fickian type and depended mainly on the specimen’s relative humidity and the filler concentration. We found that although the hygro-thermal stresses, caused by moisture diffusion, were relatively low, such diffusion led to an appreciable decrease in the compound’s strength. Moisture diffusion can result also in a substantial increase in the material’s plasticity. The obtained results can be helpful in the analysis of the mechanical behavior of molding compounds employed in electronic packaging. These results can be used to better understand and to improve the reliability of plastic packages of IC devices.

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4

Nistor, Alexandru, Agneta Maria Pusztai, Mircea Constantin Sora, Bogdan Hoinoiu, Mihai Ionac e Petru Matusz. "Training in Flap Harvesting using Corrosion Casted Pig Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flaps Choosing the Optimal Plastic Compound for Corrosion Casting". Materiale Plastice 54, n. 3 (30 settembre 2017): 578–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.3.4900.

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Plastic compounds have been used for several decades to generate anatomical constructs for the training of new surgeons and medical students alike. The present study seeks to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of two different plastic compounds (Technovit 7143 and Epoxi BIODURÒE12) used to create corrosion casts of the vascular branching patterns in free muscle flaps. Porcine latissimus dorsi muscle free flaps were used in this study to create corrosion casts of their vascular branching tree by injecting the two different plastic compound into the main arterial supply. The casts generated by Epoxy BIODURÒ E12 have superior qualities compared to the casts injected with Technovit 7143, because the injection process is smoother at all branching levels, without dilation, strictures or intramuscular extravasation of the injectable plastic compound. The corrosion casts resulted from injecting Epoxy BIODURÒ E12 exhibit better elasticity and better resistance to mechanical handling compared to the ones injected with Technovit 7143.

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5

Mikroyannidis, John A. "Self-curing epoxy compounds". Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41, n. 1112 (1990): 2613–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070411109.

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6

Rudawska, Anna. "The Impact of the Acidic Environment on the Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Compounds in Different Conditions". Polymers 12, n. 12 (10 dicembre 2020): 2957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122957.

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The aim of this work was to determine the impact of the acidic environment on the mechanical properties of two epoxy compounds in different conditions. The samples were made from the epoxy compounds composed of the epoxy resin (based on Bisphenol A), triethylenetetramine curing agent (unmodified compound), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (modified compound). The epoxy compound samples were seasoned for the following period of time (i.e., one week, one month, and three months). The environment was tap water and the acidic environment had three different concentrations of acetic acid (3%, 6%, and 9%). Strength tests of the epoxy compound samples were carried out in accordance with the ISO 604 standard. In the case of the modified composition, it is noted that the samples immersed in tap water were characterized by a higher strength than in acidic environments. A similar tendency was observed for unmodified compositions, although the differences were smaller than for the modified compositions. It was also noticed that the increase in the pH of the acidic solution in many analyzed cases contributed to the decrease in mechanical properties, although the immersion time in the acidic solution is important.

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7

Sadeghi, H., e R. Yazdanparast. "Isolation and Structure Elucidation of a New Potent Anti-neoplastic Diterpene from Dendrostellera lessertii". American Journal of Chinese Medicine 33, n. 05 (gennaio 2005): 831–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x05003387.

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Two diterpene esters were isolated from Dendrostellera lessertii. These compounds were identified as compound I (12-O-benzoyl-3,5-hydroxy-6,7-epoxy-resiniferonol-9,13,14-orthobenzoate) and compound II (12-O-benzoyl-5-hydroxy-6,7-epoxy-resiniferonol-9,13,14-orthodecanoate). Cytotoxicity evaluation of these two compounds, using seven different cancerous cell lines, indicated that compound I with IC50 of 5–25 nmol, is 2.5 times more active than compound II. Using flow cytometry technique, it was found that treatment of the most responsive cells (K562) with compound I inhibited the progression of cells through G1 phase by almost 20% compared to the untreated cells.

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8

Lee, Sang-Hoon, Seung-Won Oh, Young-Hee Lee, Il-Jin Kim, Dong-Jin Lee, Jae-Chun Lim, Cha-Cheol Park e Han-Do Kim. "Preparation and properties of flame-retardant epoxy resins containing reactive phosphorus flame retardant". Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (gennaio 2020): 155892502090132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020901323.

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To prepare flame-retardant epoxy resin, phosphorus compound containing di-hydroxyl group (10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha phenanthrene-10-oxide, DOPO-HQ) was reacted with uncured epoxy resin (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, YD-128) and then cured using a curing agent (dicyandiamide, DICY). This study focused on the effect of phosphorus compound/phosphorus content on physical properties and flame retardancy of cured epoxy resin. The thermal decomposition temperature of the cured epoxy resins (samples: P0, P1.5, P2.0, and P2.5, the number represents the wt% of phosphorus) increased with increasing the content of phosphorus compound/phosphorus (0/0, 19.8/1.5, 27.8/2.0, and 36.8/2.5 wt%) based on epoxy resin. The impact strength of the cured epoxy resin increased significantly with increasing phosphorus compound content. As the phosphorus compound/phosphorus content increased from 0/0 to 36.8/2.5 wt%, the glass transition temperature (the peak temperature of loss modulus curve) increased from 135.2°C to 142.0°C. In addition, as the content of phosphorous compound increased, the storage modulus remained almost constant up to higher temperature. The limiting oxygen index value of cured epoxy resin increased from 21.1% to 30.0% with increasing phosphorus compound/phosphorus content from 0/0 to 36.8/2.5 wt%. The UL 94 V test result showed that no rating for phosphorus compounds less than 19.8 wt% and V-1 for 27.8 wt%. However, when the phosphorus compound was 36.8 wt%, the V-0 level indicating complete flame retardancy was obtained. In conclusion, the incorporation of phosphorus compounds into the epoxy chain resulted in improved properties such as impact strength and heat resistance, as well as a significant increase in flame retardancy.

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9

Kim, Young-Hun, Jeong Ju Baek, Ki Cheol Chang, Baek Soo Park, Won-Gun Koh e Gyojic Shin. "Effect of Synthetic Low-Odor Thiol-Based Hardeners Containing Hydroxyl and Methyl Groups on the Curing Behavior, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins". Polymers 15, n. 13 (4 luglio 2023): 2947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15132947.

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A novel thiol-functionalized polysilsesqioxane containing hydroxyl and methyl groups was synthesized using a simple acid-catalyzed sol–gel method to develop an epoxy hardener with low odor, low volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, and fast curing at low temperatures. The synthesized thiol-based hardeners were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and gel permeation chromatography and compared with commercially available hardeners in terms of odor intensity and VOC emissions using the air dilution olfaction method and VOC analysis. The curing behavior and thermal and mechanical properties of the epoxy compounds prepared with the synthesized thiol-based hardeners were also evaluated. The results showed that synthetic thiol-based hardeners containing methyl and hydroxyl groups initiated the curing reaction of epoxy compounds at 53 °C and 45 °C, respectively. In contrast, commercial thiol-based hardeners initiated the curing reaction at 67 °C. Additionally, epoxy compounds with methyl-containing synthetic thiol-based hardeners exhibited higher TGA at a 5% weight loss temperature (>50 °C) and lap shear strength (20%) than those of the epoxy compounds with commercial thiol-based hardeners.

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10

Saiki, Hiroyuki, Yasuo Marumo, Hiroshi Nishitake, Masahiro Hazama e Fuminori Sakata. "Deformation Characteristics of Epoxy Compounds for Semiconductor Integrated Circuits". Advanced Materials Research 15-17 (febbraio 2006): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.15-17.599.

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Tensile tests of epoxy molding compounds were carried out using specimens composed of epoxy molding compounds which are transfer molded and post cured. The mechanical characteristics of the epoxy molding compounds change significantly due to changes in temperature and strain rate. In addition, the effect of nonlinear viscosity is large in both elastic and plastic regions. The characteristics of the visco-elastic-plastic behaviors of the epoxy molding compounds were examined. The behavior characteristics of the epoxy molding compounds during loading and unloading were shown in detail.

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11

Gotlib, Еlena M., Anh Nguyen e Аlla G. Sokolova. "Modifying epoxy polymers by cyclic carbonates of epoxidated plant oils". Vestnik MGSU, n. 12 (dicembre 2018): 1491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2018.12.1491-1498.

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Introduction. Application of renewable raw materials for manufacturing non-toxic components of polymer materials is of great practical interest. Cyclic carbonates on the base of epoxidated rubber tree oil could be seen as a promising alternative of fossil fuels. The ability of compounds containing cyclic carbonates to interact with primary amines and to form urethane and hydroxyl groups makes them rather efficient modifiers of amine-toughened epoxy compounds on the base of low-molecular diane oligomers. Introduction of cyclic carbonates enhances impact behavior of epoxy materials as well as their adhesion and strength properties. Materials and methods. Epoxy resin ED-20 was used for the research, as a cross-linking agent for cold toughening aminealkylphenol AF-2 was used; cyclic carbonates of epoxidated soy oils and rubber tree oil were applied as modifiers. Adhesional strength of bond joints has been determined in compliance with the GOST 28840-90, abrasive hardness of epoxy compound samples has been tested by the vertical optical caliper IZV-1. Results. When applying two-stage technology for obtaining epoxy cyclic carbonate compounds, there has been appeared a significant increase of adhesion to aluminum. This effect could be even more noticeable with increasing temperature during the stage of mixture of the amine toughener with the cyclic carbonate modifier. High viscosity of cyclic carbonate modifiers complicates the process of mixing components of the epoxy compound and correspondingly its application as a backing of glues and linings. The authors researched cyclic carbonates of epoxidated soy oil with various averaged functionality as modifiers. Application of epoxy materials CESO-75 as a modifier has proven to be more forward-thinking for the reasons of cost-efficiency and for operating and technological properties. CESO lowers the coefficient of static friction for epoxy materials together with enhancing their abrasion hardness. Conclusions. Cyclic carbonates of epoxidated plant oils (soy oil and rubber tree oil) as rather efficient non-toxic modifiers of epoxy polymers are of practical interest. They are produced on the base of annually renewable plant raw materials. Their application enables to enhance abrasion hardness and adhesion properties of epoxy compounds and also improve their antifriction properties.

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12

Suojalehto, Hille, Joaquin Sastre, Emilia Merimaa, Irmeli Lindström e Katri Suuronen. "Occupational Asthma From Epoxy Compounds". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 7, n. 1 (gennaio 2019): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2018.07.023.

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13

Asadi, Amir, Ferdinand Baaij, Robert J. Moon, Tequila AL Harris e Kyriaki Kalaitzidou. "Lightweight alternatives to glass fiber/epoxy sheet molding compound composites: A feasibility study". Journal of Composite Materials 53, n. 14 (11 dicembre 2018): 1985–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318817814.

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The focus of this study is to (i) understand the effect of the fiber type and content on the mechanical properties of sheet-molding compounds composites and (ii) investigate possible lightweight alternatives to glass fibers-sheet molding compound composites. Glass fiber and basalt fibers are used to make sheet-molding compound composites and the mechanical performance are determined as a function of the fiber type and content. In addition, cellulose nanocrystals are used to enhance the properties of the sheet-molding compound resin system. The possibility of lightweighting the basalt fiber/epoxy and glass fiber/epoxy sheet-molding compound composites is explored by replacing a portion of the fibers, i.e. 12–16 wt%, with a small amount cellulose nanocrystals, i.e. 1–2 wt%. No significant difference was found between the basalt fiber/epoxy and glass fiber/epoxy sheet-molding compound composites in terms of mechanical and impact properties. When cellulose nanocrystals were added to the composites, the properties of glass fiber/epoxy sheet-molding compound composites were enhanced while those of basalt fiber/epoxy sheet-molding compound composites deteriorated.

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14

Karandashov, Oleg, e Viacheslav Avramenko. "Studies of Thermal Stability of Epoxy Compounds for Glass-Fiber Pipes". Chemistry & Chemical Technology 11, n. 1 (15 marzo 2017): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht11.01.061.

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15

Gemuev, Sh I., e A. I. Gemuev. "Advanced technology of epoxy molding compounds production and strength characteristics of developed epoxy molding compounds". Polymer materials and technologies 2, n. 3 (2016): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32864/polymmattech-2016-2-3-73-75.

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16

Waechter, John M., e Gauke E. Veenstra. "ChemInform Abstract: Epoxy Compounds: Aromatic Diglycidyl Ethers, Polyglycidyl Ethers, Glycidyl Esters, and Miscellaneous Epoxy Compounds". ChemInform 33, n. 42 (19 maggio 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200242272.

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17

Stanfield, Melissa K., Jeronimo Carrascal, Luke C. Henderson e Daniel J. Eyckens. "α-Aminophosphonate Derivatives for Enhanced Flame Retardant Properties in Epoxy Resin". Materials 14, n. 12 (11 giugno 2021): 3230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123230.

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This work demonstrates the introduction of various α-aminophosphonate compounds to an epoxy resin system, thereby improving flame retardance properties. The α-aminophosphonate scaffold allows for covalent incorporation (via the secondary amine) of the compounds into the polymer network. This work explores the synergistic effect of phosphorus and halogens (such as fluorine) to improve flame retardancy. The compounds were all prepared and isolated in analytical purity and in good yield (95%). Epoxy samples were prepared, individually incorporating each compound. Thermogravimetric analysis showed an increased char yield, indicating an improved thermal resistance (with respect to the control sample). Limiting oxygen index for the control polymer was 28.0% ± 0.31% and it increased to 34.6% ± 0.33% for the fluorinated derivative.

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18

Rudawska, Anna, e Mariaenrica Frigione. "Effect of Diluents on Mechanical Characteristics of Epoxy Compounds". Polymers 14, n. 11 (3 giugno 2022): 2277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112277.

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The aim of this work is to assess the influence of different commercial diluents on some mechanical properties of two bisphenolic epoxy compounds, cold-cured by a polyamide curing agent, to be employed as epoxy structural adhesives for building and industrial applications. The diluents under analysis were epoxy, bituminous, nitro, acrylic and extraction. The choice of these products was made on the basis of their wide commercial availability as diluents for epoxies used as adhesives and in different industrial and construction applications. The diluents were all added in small proportions, i.e., from 1 to 10 g per 100 g of epoxy resin. The cold-cured epoxy compounds were subjected to compressive (according to ISO 604) and static tensile (according to ISO 527-1) tests. The same mechanical tests were performed on both unmodified epoxy resins, for comparison purposes. On the basis of the obtained results, it was concluded that the influence of the presence of a diluent, and of its amount, on the mechanical properties of epoxy compounds depends on the type of resin and of diluent, as well as on the mechanical characteristics analyzed.

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19

Rojacz, H., M. Premauer e A. Nevosad. "Conductive and Edge Retaining Embedding Compounds: Influence of Graphite Content in Compounds on Specimen’s SEM and EBSD Performance". Practical Metallography 58, n. 5 (1 maggio 2021): 236–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-2021-0018.

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Abstract Since marginal sharpness is often an issue in metallographic samples preparation, various mounting compounds are commercially available which address these issues. Nevertheless, the conductivity of such products is not sufficient for electron backscatter diffraction measurements (EBSD) and products which are electrically conductive often result in a lack of marginal sharpness. Therefore, this study is focussed on the modification of commercially available embedding compounds (epoxy based and phenolic based hot embedding compounds) with graphite to increase their electrical conductivity. To verify the applicability of the modified embedding compounds, the austenitic steel grade 1.4301 was chosen for investigation via scanning electron microscopy and EBSD. Results indicate a good performance during SEM-investigations of the epoxy-based resins, even at 0 wt.-% graphite contents, whereas the phenolic resin-based embedding compound is only applicable for SEM-investigation > wt.-5 % of graphite. Best performance at EBSD measurements were achieved with phenolic resin based hot mounting compounds with glass fibres and an addition > 10 wt.-% graphite.

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20

Usri, Siti Nur Khalidah, Zuhair Jamain e Mohamad Zul Hilmey Makmud. "Fire Retardancy and Dielectric Strength of Cyclotriphosphazene Compounds with Schiff Base and Ester Linking Units Attached to the Electron-Withdrawing Side Arm". Polymers 14, n. 20 (17 ottobre 2022): 4378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14204378.

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A series of compounds with Schiff base and ester linking units attached to the electron-withdrawing side arm (Cl, NO2, and OH) have been successfully synthesized through four schemes of the chemical route. These compounds were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen (CHN) elemental analysis. The epoxy resin was used as a matrix of molding to observe the refinement of fire-retardant properties of the modified cyclotriphosphazene compounds. The fire-retardant testing was done using Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI). The LOI value of pure epoxy resin was increased from 22.75% to 24.71% when incorporated with 1 wt.% of hexasubstituted cyclotriphosphazene (HCCP). Interestingly, all the final compounds gave a positive increment in the LOI value and the highest LOI value was obtained from the compound containing a nitro side arm with LOI value of 26.90%. In order to understand the thermal stability of these compounds, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) was carried out. The compound with the nitro group at the terminal end has the highest char residue which is 34.2% at 700 °C. This indicated that the presence of the nitro withdrawing group was able to enhance the fire retardancy of the materials. Based on SEM observation, the shape of the final compound’s char residue demonstrated the formation of a porous protective layer with a dense surface. The dielectric property was conducted according to ASTM D149 AC breakdown voltage to determine its dielectric strength. The results showed that the highest dielectric strength value belonged to the compound containing a nitro group side arm with 24.41 kV/mm−1 due to the π electron delocalization.

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21

Ma, Xinghua, Natasha Anderson, Lorenzo V. White, Song Bae, Warwick Raverty, Anthony C. Willis e Martin G. Banwell. "The Conversion of Levoglucosenone into Isolevoglucosenone". Australian Journal of Chemistry 68, n. 4 (2015): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch14574.

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Levoglucosenone (1), a compound that will soon be available in tonne quantities through the pyrolysis of acid-treated lignocellulosic biomass, has been converted into isolevoglucosenone (2) using Wharton rearrangement chemistry. Treatment of compound 1 with alkaline hydrogen peroxide gave the γ-lactones 5 and 6 rather than the required epoxy-ketones 3 and/or 4. However, the latter pair of compounds could be obtained by an initial Luche reduction of compound 1, electrophilic epoxidation of the resulting allylic alcohol 8 and oxidation of the product oxiranes 9 and 10. Independent treatment of compounds 3 and 4 with hydrazine then acetic acid followed by oxidation of the ensuing allylic alcohols finally afforded isolevoglucosenone (2). Details of the single-crystal X-ray analyses of epoxy-alcohols 9 and 10 are reported.

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Chuang, Wan-Chun, Yi Huang e Po-En Chen. "Exploring the Influence of Material Properties of Epoxy Molding Compound on Wafer Warpage in Fan-Out Wafer-Level Packaging". Materials 16, n. 9 (30 aprile 2023): 3482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16093482.

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This study investigated the impact of material properties of epoxy molding compounds on wafer warpage in fan-out wafer-level packaging. As there is currently a lack of comprehensive discussion on the various material property parameters of EMC materials, it is essential to identify the critical influencing factors and quantify the effects of each parameter on wafer warpage. The material properties include Young’s modulus of the epoxy molding compound before and after the glass transition temperature (Tg) range of 25–35 °C (EL) and 235–260 °C (EH), coefficient of thermal expansion (α1, α2), and the temperature change (∆T) between EL and EH. Results show that, within the range of extreme values of material properties, EL and α1 are the critical factors that affect wafer warpage during the decarrier process in fan-out packaging. α1 has a more significant impact on wafer warpage compared with EL. EH, α2, Tg, and ∆T have little influence on wafer warpage. Additionally, the study identified the optimized material property of the epoxy molding compound that can reduce the maximum wafer warpage in the X and Y directions from initial values of 7.34 mm and 7.189 mm to 0.545 mm and 0.45 mm, respectively, resulting in a reduction of wafer warpage of 92.58% (X direction) and 93.74% (Y direction). Thus, this study proposes an approach for evaluating the impact of material properties of epoxy molding compounds on wafer warpage in fan-out wafer-level packaging. The approach aims to address the issue of excessive wafer warpage due to material variation and to provide criteria for selecting appropriate epoxy molding compounds to enhance process yield in packaging production lines.

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23

Jolanki, Riitta, Lasse Kanerva, Tuula Estlander, Kyllikki Tarvainen, Helena Keskinen e Maj-Len Henriks-Eckrmaan. "Occupational dermatoses from epoxy resin compounds". Contact Dermatitis 23, n. 3 (settembre 1990): 172–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb04779.x.

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24

Shtrombakh, Ya I., P. A. Platonov, N. S. Lobanov, O. K. Chugunov, V. P. Aleksandrov e O. A. Zinov’ev. "Epoxy Compounds for Immobilizing Radioactive Wastes". Atomic Energy 98, n. 5 (maggio 2005): 331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10512-005-0213-7.

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25

Sejbal, Jan, Martina Homolová, Iva Tišlerová e Václav Křeček. "Preparation and Conformational Analysis of 1,2-Seco Derivatives of 19β,28-Epoxy-18α-oleanane". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 65, n. 8 (2000): 1339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20001339.

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Abstract (sommario):

Oxidation of 19β,28-epoxy-18α-oleanan-3-one (1) with chromium(VI) oxide in acetic acid leads to the formation of the 1β,3β;19β,28-diepoxy-3-hydroxy-1,2-seco-18α-oleanano- 2,1α-lactone (2). Its structure follows from spectral data, molecular modelling. Lactone 2 was converted to its acetate 3, methyl 19β,28-epoxy-1,3-dioxo-1,2-seco-18α-oleanan-2-oate (4) and to the stereoisomers at C(3) of methyl 1,3;19β,28-diepoxy-1-oxo-1,2-seco-18α-oleanan-2-oate (6 and 7) and dimethyl 19β,28-epoxy-3-hydroxy-1,2-seco-18α-oleanan-1,2-dioate (8 and 9). Lactone 2 reacts slowly with diazomethane which is indicative for its equilibrium with a small amount of free acid. Alkaline hydrolysis of compound 2 leads to compounds 8 and 9; the reaction involves hydride transfer of a Cannizzaro reaction type. A high rotational barriers were found in compounds 8 and 9. A combination of NMR methods and molecular modelling revealed that most sterically hindered bond in both compounds is the C(1)-C(10) single bond.

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26

Liu, Ying-Ling, Yu-Lo Lin, Chih-Ping Chen e Ru-Jong Jeng. "Preparation of epoxy resin/silica hybrid composites for epoxy molding compounds". Journal of Applied Polymer Science 90, n. 14 (29 ottobre 2003): 4047–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.13159.

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27

Ladaniuc, Magdalena Adriana, Gheorghe Hubca, Raluca Gabor, Cristian Andi Nicolae, Elvira Alexandrescu e Teodor San. "Epoxy Composites Based on Resins Having High Flexibility Reinforced with Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes". Materiale Plastice 54, n. 1 (30 marzo 2017): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.1.4800.

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Abstract (sommario):

The present paper was aimed at achieving a study on carbon nanotubes-reinforced composites and involved obtaining and characterization of composites based on epoxy compounds modified with hydroxyl groups-containing compounds (glycols). In order to obtain high flexibility epoxy resins-based composites, carboxyl- functionalized MWCNTs were used as filler at a concentration of 0.5 %. The influence of the weight concentration in CNTs on the mechanical and thermo -mechanical properties of the epoxy compounds was evaluated in comparison to mechanical properties of the DGEBA standard composites reinforced with 0.5 % MWCNT.

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Souza-Silva, Franklin, Saulo Cabral Bourguignon, Bernardo Acácio Santini Pereira, Luzia Monteiro de Castro Côrtes, Luiz Filipe Gonçalves de Oliveira, Andrea Henriques-Pons, Lea Cysne Finkelstein et al. "Epoxy-α-Lapachone HasIn VitroandIn VivoAnti-Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis Effects and Inhibits Serine Proteinase Activity in This Parasite". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, n. 4 (12 gennaio 2015): 1910–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.04742-14.

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Abstract (sommario):

ABSTRACTLeishmania(Leishmania)amazonensisis a protozoan that causes infections with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. The currently available chemotherapeutic treatments present many problems, such as several adverse side effects and the development of resistant strains. Natural compounds have been investigated as potential antileishmanial agents, and the effects of epoxy-α-lapachone onL. (L.)amazonensiswere analyzed in the present study. This compound was able to cause measurable effects on promastigote and amastigote forms of the parasite, affecting plasma membrane organization and leading to death after 3 h of exposure. This compound also had an effect in experimentally infected BALB/c mice, causing reductions in paw lesions 6 weeks after treatment with 0.44 mM epoxy-α-lapachone (mean lesion area, 24.9 ± 2.0 mm2), compared to untreated animals (mean lesion area, 30.8 ± 2.6 mm2) or animals treated with Glucantime (mean lesion area, 28.3 ± 1.5 mm2). In addition, the effects of this compound on the serine proteinase activities of the parasite were evaluated. Serine proteinase-enriched fractions were extracted from both promastigotes and amastigotes and were shown to act on specific serine proteinase substrates and to be sensitive to classic serine proteinase inhibitors (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, aprotinin, and antipain). These fractions were also affected by epoxy-α-lapachone. Furthermore,in silicosimulations indicated that epoxy-α-lapachone can bind to oligopeptidase B (OPB) ofL. (L.)amazonensis, a serine proteinase, in a manner similar to that of antipain, interacting with an S1 binding site. This evidence suggests that OPB may be a potential target for epoxy-α-lapachone and, as such, may be related to the compound's effects on the parasite.

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Nogueira, Encarna, Enrique Guitián, Luis Castedo e Alfonso Castiñeiras. "Tandem Benzyne Cycloadditions Leading to Polycyclic Compounds". Australian Journal of Chemistry 50, n. 7 (1997): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c96083.

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Abstract (sommario):

Deoxykojic acid (1) reacts with two benzyne molecules to afford 9-methyl-7-phenoxy-5,9-dihydro-5,9-epoxy-6H-benzocyclohepten-6-one (2) in 33% yield. Maltol (5) reacts with three molecules of benzyne to afford (4bα,5β,10β,11aα)-10-methyl-11a-phenoxy-4b,5,10,11a-tetrahydro-5,10-epoxy-11H- benzo[a]benzo[3,4]cyclobuta[1,2-d]cyclohepten-11-one (6a) in 36% yield.

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30

Dwivedi, Shailendra, e Shashank Saxena. "An Investigation of the Thermal Individuality of Complex Polymers by The Use of Micro Filled Erbium Oxide". Journal of Futuristic Sciences and Applications 4, n. 1 (2021): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/jfsa.412109.

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Abstract (sommario):

This article describes a study that focuses on the individuality of compound polymeric constituents. The present study includes a material description, experimental results, and test results for the physical, mechanical, and microstructure of "Epoxy" and "polypropylene" composites containing erbium oxide particles of micron-sized dimensions. Based on these findings, a mathematical connection has been developed to approximate the effective thermal conduction of polymer compounds by uniform distribution of micro-sized particle fillers. Erbium oxide-filled polymer has been correlated using numerical analysis and experiments. Erbium content is influenced by the thermal properties of glass transition temperature (Tg) and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of "EPOXY" and "POLYPROPYLENE" compounds, and this report details the experiment.

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31

Rudawska, Anna. "The Effect of the Salt Water Aging on the Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Adhesives Compounds". Polymers 12, n. 4 (6 aprile 2020): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040843.

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Abstract (sommario):

The objective of this study is to compare the effect of selected operating factors on the mechanical properties of epoxy adhesive compounds aged in salt water. Five different water environments were tested: tap water, normal seawater (reference salinity value), seawater with double reference salinity value, seawater with half of the reference salinity and seawater with a quarter of the reference salinity value. Samples of two different adhesive compounds were prepared using the epoxy resin and triethylenetetramine curing agent. One of the compounds was filled with calcium carbonate. The samples were aged in five different water environments for three months, one month and one week, respectively. Mechanical properties of the cured adhesive compound samples were determined via strength tests performed on the Zwick/Roell Z150 testing machine in compliance with the EN ISO 604 standard. The objective of the experiments was to determine the effect of different seawater environments on selected mechanical properties (including strength) of the fabricated adhesive compounds.

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32

Uschitsky, M., E. Suhir e G. W. Kammlott. "Thermoelastic Behavior of Filled Molding Compounds: Composite Mechanics Approach". Journal of Electronic Packaging 123, n. 3 (11 gennaio 2000): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1349422.

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Abstract (sommario):

Reliability of epoxy molding compounds used in plastic packages of integrated circuit (IC) devices depends to a great extent on the level of thermal stresses. These are due primarily to the thermal expansion (contraction) mismatch of the epoxy and the silicon materials. In this analysis we assess the effect of silica fillers on the level of thermal stresses. We conclude that thermal stresses in the compound can indeed be reduced by the application of appropriate fillers. We found that the filler volume concentration does not have to be larger than 30 percent to keep the thermal stresses at a sufficiently low level. This number is close to the filler volume concentration of 30–40 percent in commercially available molding compounds. The obtained results and recommendations can be helpful in the analysis of stresses in, and physical design of, plastic packages.

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33

Tosti, Antonella, Liliana Guerra, Colombina Vincenzi e Anna Maria Peluso. "Occupational Skin Hazards from Synthetic Plastics". Toxicology and Industrial Health 9, n. 3 (maggio 1993): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379300900308.

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Abstract (sommario):

Epoxy and acrylic resins have numerous industrial applications but are also widely used in the household environment. These compounds are presently one of the most important sources of occupational contact dermatitis. Contact sensitization to epoxy resins is usually caused by the resin itself but hardeners or other additives, such as reactive diluents, plasticizers, fillers and pigments, can occasionally be responsible. Since completely cured epoxy resins are not sensitizers, epoxy resin sensitization is always due to the presence, in the final polymer, of uncured allergenic low molecular weight oligomers. Acrylates are now considered the fourth most common cause of contact sensitization due to resins. Unpolymerized monomers of acrylic compounds are known to be responsible for the contact allergy. Accelerators, inhibitors and catalysts, which are usually added to the acrylates to promote the polymerization process, can also sensitize. Both allergic and irritant contact dermatitis may be caused by exposure to epoxy or acrylic resins and their additives. Contact urticaria, allergic or irritant airborne contact dermatitis caused by volatile compounds, onychia and paronychia can also occur. From January of 1984 to May of 1992 we detected 39 cases of occupational allergic contact dermatitis to epoxy resin system substances and 11 cases of occupational contact sensitization to acrylic compounds. In our experience, the electronics industry as well as paint and glue related activities were the most important sources of epoxy sensitization. Dental materials and anaerobic sealants were found to be the most frequent acrylate sensitizers.

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34

Shu, Jicheng, Yingzheng Huang, Hangqing Cui, Caiying Peng, Jianqun Liu e Huilian Huang. "Diterpenoids from Leaves of Rubus Chingii". Natural Product Communications 11, n. 3 (marzo 2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100314.

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Abstract (sommario):

The leaves of Rubus chingii were examined for their phytochemical composition and anti-yeast activity. In the process, seven diterpenoids (compounds 1–7), including a new natural compound (14β, 16-epoxy-7-pimarene-3α, 15β-diol, 1), were isolated and elucidated. Compound 1 exhibited moderate anti- Candida activity.

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35

Stojakowska, Anna, Janusz Malarz e Wanda Kisiel. "Thymol Derivatives from a Root Culture of Inula helenium". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 59, n. 7-8 (1 agosto 2004): 606–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2004-7-827.

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Abstract (sommario):

AbstractA root culture of Inula helenium L. was established from leaf explants of aseptic seedlings. An ethanol extract from the lyophilised roots was fractionated using different chromatographic techniques (CC, TLC). The main secondary metabolites found in the root culture were two thymol derivatives: 10-isobutyryloxy-8,9- epoxy-thymol isobutyrate (1) and 10-isobutyryloxy-6- methoxy-8,9-epoxy-thymol isobutyrate (2). The compounds were identified by spectral methods. Quantification of compound 1 in plant material was done by analytical RP-HPLC.

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36

Chau, Nguyen Minh, Ha Manh Tuan, Tran Manh Hung, Nguyen Tien Dat e Nguyen Hai Dang. "Anti-inflammatory Constituents from Eurycoma longifolia Roots". Letters in Organic Chemistry 17, n. 6 (20 maggio 2020): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178617666191218104241.

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Abstract (sommario):

Eight secondary metabolites (1-8) were isolated from the roots of Vietnamese Eurycoma longifolia. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using a variety of spectroscopic methods. Among the compounds was eurylongilactone A (1), a new oxygenated C20 quassinoid with a 11β,20-epoxy bridge. The anti-inflammatory activities of the compounds were evaluated against LPSinduced NO production in RAW264.7 cells. Compound 1 and ethyl ferulate (8) had the strongest inhibitory effects, with IC50 values of 3.03 ± 0.73 and 3.56 ± 0.43 µM, respectively. Compounds 2, 4, and 7 had moderate activity.

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37

Kayed, Akram M., EL Sayed M. Elghaly e Atef A. El-Hela. "New Epoxy Megastigmane glucoside from Dactyloctenium aegyptium L.P.Beauv Wild (Crowfootgrass)". Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 4, n. 6 (25 dicembre 2015): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2015.4605.

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Abstract (sommario):

Phytochemical investigation of Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. Wild herbrevealed the isolation and identification of three new compounds5-hydroxypyrimidine- 2,4 (3H,5H)- dione [6],6'Glyceryl asysgangoside[8],and 2 amino, 2 methyl,(5,6 di hydroxymethyl ), 1,4 dioxane [11]were isolated for the first time from nature in addition tonine known compounds, P.hydroxy benzaldhyde[1], tricin [2],P.hydroxy benzoic acid[3], vanillic acid [4], β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside [5], asysgangoside[7] adenine[9], uridine[10] and sucrose[12]The structural elucidations of isolated compounds were established on the basis of UV,IR, NMR and MS spectral analyses. Compounds 7 was isolated for the first time from the family. The n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. showed significant activities against antiviral, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The ethyl acetate fraction appeared to be the most active one.

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38

Chen, Chien-Han, Shih-Huang Tung, Ru-Jong Jeng, Mahdi M. Abu-Omar e Ching-Hsuan Lin. "A facile strategy to achieve fully bio-based epoxy thermosets from eugenol". Green Chemistry 21, n. 16 (2019): 4475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc01184f.

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39

Trofimov, D. A., S. I. Shalgunov e I. D. Simonov-Emel’yanov. "Desorption of Inactive Solvent from Epoxy Compounds". Polymer Science, Series D 14, n. 2 (aprile 2021): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995421221020350.

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40

Li, Lingling, Ying Li, Xia Wang e Qingzhi Dong. "Synthesis and application of fluorinated epoxy compounds". Emerging Materials Research 4, n. 1 (giugno 2015): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/emr.14.00035.

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41

Skoet, Rikke, Carsten Tollund e Poul Erik Bloch-Thomsen. "Epoxy Contact Dermatitis due to Pacemaker Compounds". Cardiology 99, n. 2 (2003): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000069721.

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42

Gaydou, Emile M., Jacqueline Smadja, Claude Lageot e Robert Faure. "Sesquiterpene Epoxidation: Rearrangement of (+)-Ledene Epoxy Compounds". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44, n. 7 (gennaio 1996): 1840–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf950706q.

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43

Şen, N., Y. Kar e S. Kurbanov. "Alkylation of pyridinecarbaldehyde oximes with epoxy compounds". Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry 43, n. 3 (marzo 2007): 449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070428007030220.

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44

Kas’yan, L. I., A. O. Kas’yan e E. A. Golodaeva. "Methods and mechanisms of epoxy compounds reduction". Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry 44, n. 2 (febbraio 2008): 153–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070428008020012.

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45

Wereszczak, Andrew A., Timothy G. Morrissey, Charles N. Volante, Phillip J. Farris, Robert J. Groele, Randy H. Wiles e Hsin Wang. "Thermally Conductive MgO-Filled Epoxy Molding Compounds". IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology 3, n. 12 (dicembre 2013): 1994–2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcpmt.2013.2281212.

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46

Jain, R. K., e S. Chandra. "Speciality epoxy resins derived from heterocyclic compounds". Pigment & Resin Technology 19, n. 2 (febbraio 1990): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb042693.

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47

Kjeć-Swierczynska, Marta. "Allergy to epoxy compounds over a decade". Contact Dermatitis 32, n. 3 (marzo 1995): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00819.x.

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48

GRECHINA, N. V., L. V. MEL'NIK e S. I. KRYUKOV. "ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Epoxy Compounds." ChemInform 24, n. 47 (20 agosto 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199347102.

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49

Donato, R. K., M. Perchacz, S. Ponyrko, K. Z. Donato, H. S. Schrekker, H. Beneš e L. Matějka. "Epoxy–silica nanocomposite interphase control using task-specific ionic liquids via hydrolytic and non-hydrolytic sol–gel processes". RSC Advances 5, n. 111 (2015): 91330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra18387a.

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Abstract (sommario):

Carboxylic-functionalized task-specific imidazolium ionic liquids (carboxylic-IL) presented selective high reactivities with epoxy-functionalized compounds, even in highly complex epoxy–silica nanocomposite systems.

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50

Iji, Masatoshi, e Yukihiro Kiuchi. "Flame-retardant epoxy resin compounds containing novolac derivatives with aromatic compounds". Polymers for Advanced Technologies 12, n. 7 (2001): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.66.

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