Tesi sul tema "Enzymologie structurale"
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Contet, Alicia. "Caractérisation biochimique et biophysique des deux cytidylyltransférases de Plasmodium falciparum, enzymes clés du métabolisme des phospholipides". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS085.
Testo completoMalaria is caused by the infection and destruction of red blood cells by protozoan parasitesbelonging to the genus Plasmodium. During its intra-erythrocytic development, Plasmodiumfalciparum requires massive biosynthesis of membranes which are mainly composed of phospholipids.Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) together represent about 80% of thetotal membrane lipids and inhibition of their biosynthesis leads to parasite death. PC and PE aresynthesized by the parasite's machinery mainly through the de novo CDP-choline and CDPethanolamine(Kennedy) pathways using respectively choline and ethanolamine as precursors. Thisstudy focuses on the rate limiting steps of these pathways catalyzed by CTP:phosphocholine andCTP:phosphoethanolamine cytidylytransferases (PfCCT and PfECT, respectively). In Plasmodiumspecies, both CCT and ECT contain two catalytic cores (CT domains) separated by a long linker.Interestingly, for CCT this feature is found only in three organisms, all from the phylum ofApicomplexa: Babesia, Theileria and Plasmodium, whereas the presence of two CT domains is ageneral feature in all ECTs known so far. The first part of this work consists in the biochemicalcharacterization of PfCCT and the investigation of its druggability. We showed that both PfCCT CTdomains are active and display similar kinetic parameters while only the N-terminal CT domain wasactive in PfECT. Subsequent to an in silico structure-based screening of compounds libraries, weidentified a PfCCT inhibitor able to inhibit PC synthesis as well as P. falciparum growth in vitro in thehigh µM range. This compound represents a first step toward the optimization of future more potentcompounds. In the second part of this study, we investigated the catalytic mechanism of PfECT anddeciphered its interactions with its ligands using biochemical, biophysical and structural approaches.Collectively, these results bring new insights into the biochemical and structural properties of thesetwo keys enzymes of the phospholipid metabolism in P. falciparum and pave the way for their futuredevelopment as potential drug target
Bou, Nader Charles. "Structural and Functional characterization of flavoenzymes involved in posttranscriptional modification of tRNA". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066205/document.
Testo completoPosttranscriptional modification of ribonucleic acids (RNAs) is a crucial maturation step conserved in all domains of life. During my thesis, I have brought structural and functional insights on flavoenzymes involved in transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications: dihydrouridine synthase (Dus) responsible for dihydrouridine formation using flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and TrmFO responsible for C5 methylation of uridine position 54 relying on flavin adenosine dinucleotide (FAD) and methylenetetrahydrofolate. To elucidate the chemical mechanism of TrmFO we designed an apoprotein via a single mutation that could be reconstituted in vitro with FAD. Furthermore, we chemically synthesized the postulated intermediate active species consisting of a flavin iminium harboring a methylene moiety on the isoalloxazine N5 that was further characterized by mass spectrometry and UV-visible spectroscopy. Reconstitution of TrmFO with this molecule restored in vitro activity on a tRNA transcript proving that TrmFO uses FAD as a methylating agent via a reductive methylation.Dus2 reduces U20 and is comprised of a canonical Dus domain however, mammals have an additional double-stranded RNA-binding domain (dsRBD). To bring functional insight for this modular organization, we showed that only full length human Dus2 was active while its isolated domains were not. tRNA recognition is driven by the dsRBD via binding the acceptor and TΨ stem of tRNA with higher affinity then dsRNA as evidenced by NMR. We further solved the X-ray structures for both domains showing redistribution of surface positive charges justifying the involvement of this dsRBD for tRNA recognition in mammalian Dus2. This was attributed to a peculiar N-terminal extension proven by mutational analysis and an X-ray structure of dsRBD in complex with 22-nucleotide dsRNA. Altogether our work illustrates how during evolution, Dus2 enzymes acquired an engineered dsRBD for efficient tRNA binding via a ruler mechanism
Moissonnier, Loïck. "Etude fonctionnelle et structurale du transporteur de multiple drogues, BmrA, en condition d’équilibre et en temps résolu. Caractérisation structurale de BmrA en liposome par cryoEM". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10213.
Testo completoAccording to the World Health Organization, antibiotic resistance is a major problem for humanity due to the emergence of multiresistant bacteria. The emergence of these resistances in bacteria is due to their ability to implement numerous strategies to prevent antibiotics from working. In particular, the first line of defense of these bacteria is the overexpression of ABC (ATP-Binding Cassette) transporters, which expel antibiotics out of the bacterial cell, reducing their concentrations below their cytotoxic thresholds. Over 50 years of study on these transporters have enabled the scientific community to establish a global mechanism, particularly thanks to the increasing acquisition of 3D structures. This has been closely linked to the technological and methodological evolution of structural biology in recent years, especially with the emergence of cryoEM. As knowledge advances, the questions become more precise, and many questions remain about understanding their functioning. As part of my project, I studied BmrA, one of these ABC transporters expressed in Bacillus subtilis, which confers resistance to cervimycin C, an antibiotic secreted by Streptomyces tendae, its natural competitor in the same biotope. Additionally, this transporter is capable of binding and transporting a wide variety of molecules, including many antibiotics, by adopting both a conformation that takes up the ligand (IF, inward-facing conformation) and an outward-facing conformation (OF) to release it. This ability to handle multiple molecules remains a highly debated question, especially in understanding the transport mechanism at the molecular level. During my Ph.D., I participated in a structural enzymology study on an inactive E504A mutant in the presence of ligands (Rhodamine 6G, Hoechst 33342) to improve knowledge of this mechanism. These ligands act as allosteric effectors on the ATP binding of BmrA, impacting the transition between IF and OF conformations. The resolution of several 3D structures by cryoEM was achieved by varying the concentration of ATP. An analysis of the flexibility of each of these conformations highlighted the molecular rearrangements that BmrA can adopt to ensure its polyspecificity. Moreover, I provided numerous functional insights regarding the coupling between ligand transport and the ATPase activity of this transporter. The second part of my work focused on studying the conformational transition occurring in BmrA after ATP binding using so-called "time-resolved" techniques. The objective was to monitor these conformational changes over time using the intrinsic fluorescence of BmrA coupled with cryoEM. I developed and optimized the experimental conditions to conduct this study, particularly acquiring kinetic and dynamic information on mutants as well as the wild-type protein. Finally, the last part of the manuscript involved reconstituting BmrA in a more native amphipathic environment than detergents to obtain its 3D structure by cryoEM. I optimized this reconstitution protocol to obtain the best possible sample for grid deposition. During this process, I characterized the formation of the proteoliposome at each stage of the protocol by observing it with cryoEM. Thanks to this study, I was able to obtain the first 2D classes of BmrA in a lipid bilayer. In conclusion, this thesis offers a new way to study the structure-function relationship of proteins by developing structural enzymology tools and methodology to visualize the dynamics of this ABC transporter, as well as a first approach to studying it in liposomes
Kubiak, Xavier. "Etude fonctionnelle et structurale d'arylamine N-acetyltransferases atypiques chez Legionella pneumophila et Bacillus cereus". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077080.
Testo completoArylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes involved in the biotransformation of a wide range of aromatic amine chemicals (pollutants, drugs, pre-carcinogens). The 3D structure of NATs has been recently solved and all NATs characterized to date share the same structural features, including a strictly conserved Cys-His-Asp catalytic triad. Legionella pneumophila and Bacillus cereus are two bacterial pathogens that constitute a public health issue both in France and in the world. L. Pneumophila is the etiologic agent of legionellosis, a severe pneumonia, while B, cereus is responsible for a high number of foodborne intoxications. These two organisms are ubiquitous of aquatic environments and soils, respectively, which provide a risk of exposure to aromatic amine compounds. Our work is focused on L. Pneumophila and B. Cereus NAT isoforms that exhibit atypical features compared to isoforms characterized so far. The study of NATs sequences from three clinical strains of L. Pneumophila reveals several amino acid variations between strains. This unusual sequence heterogeneity leads to variations in catalytic and structural properties in the three variants. The characterization of a nat knock-out strain reveals that L pneumophila possesses in vivo a NAT-dependent detoxification pathway of aromatic amines chemicals. We also demonstrate the existence of a new NAT isoform in B. Cereus that lacks the canonical catalytic triad. Indeed, (BACCR)NAT3 has a glutamate instead of an aspartate at the catalytic position. Against ail expectations this isoform is active and correctly folded. Interestingly, the 3D structure of the enzyme has been solved and shows a classic NAT fold and catalytic triad geometry compared to classical NAT enzymes. Taken together, these results suggest a greater functional and structural diversity than expected in this enzyme family
Bou, Nader Charles. "Structural and Functional characterization of flavoenzymes involved in posttranscriptional modification of tRNA". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066205.
Testo completoPosttranscriptional modification of ribonucleic acids (RNAs) is a crucial maturation step conserved in all domains of life. During my thesis, I have brought structural and functional insights on flavoenzymes involved in transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications: dihydrouridine synthase (Dus) responsible for dihydrouridine formation using flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and TrmFO responsible for C5 methylation of uridine position 54 relying on flavin adenosine dinucleotide (FAD) and methylenetetrahydrofolate. To elucidate the chemical mechanism of TrmFO we designed an apoprotein via a single mutation that could be reconstituted in vitro with FAD. Furthermore, we chemically synthesized the postulated intermediate active species consisting of a flavin iminium harboring a methylene moiety on the isoalloxazine N5 that was further characterized by mass spectrometry and UV-visible spectroscopy. Reconstitution of TrmFO with this molecule restored in vitro activity on a tRNA transcript proving that TrmFO uses FAD as a methylating agent via a reductive methylation.Dus2 reduces U20 and is comprised of a canonical Dus domain however, mammals have an additional double-stranded RNA-binding domain (dsRBD). To bring functional insight for this modular organization, we showed that only full length human Dus2 was active while its isolated domains were not. tRNA recognition is driven by the dsRBD via binding the acceptor and TΨ stem of tRNA with higher affinity then dsRNA as evidenced by NMR. We further solved the X-ray structures for both domains showing redistribution of surface positive charges justifying the involvement of this dsRBD for tRNA recognition in mammalian Dus2. This was attributed to a peculiar N-terminal extension proven by mutational analysis and an X-ray structure of dsRBD in complex with 22-nucleotide dsRNA. Altogether our work illustrates how during evolution, Dus2 enzymes acquired an engineered dsRBD for efficient tRNA binding via a ruler mechanism
Nusbaum, Julien. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de la peptide déformylase du phage Vp16T". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS510/document.
Testo completoBeing synthesized proteins undergo very early changes in their N-terminal end, since it emerges from the outlet channel of the ribosome. The first modification is the excision of the initiator methionine, provided by a methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP), preceded by its deformylating enzyme peptide deformylase (PDF) in bacteria and in mitochondria and chloroplasts. This process is ubiquitous and essential, and has been described in the kingdom of life. In bacteria, Type 1B PDFs would bind to the ribosome near the end of the outlet tunnel of the nascent peptide via its C-terminal helix α. But recent metagenomic analyzes revealed the unexpected presence of genes encoding putative PDFs in marine viruses. Unexpectedly, all viral PDF have very short C-terminal sequences and lacking the α3 helix. The identification of these atypical PDFs then raises new questions about their possible interaction with ribosome and their biological function. The aim of my thesis was therefore to achieve the complete and integrated characterization of peptide deformylase bacteriophage Vp16T, the sequence is one of the shortest known to date. I showed that the phage Vp16T code an active protein in vivo and in vitro, and can bind to the ribosome despite the absence of the C-terminal helix α. The structure-function characterization Vp16PDF revealed unique features that could then explain its function in the replication of the phage. Thus I have shown that expression in E. coli Vp16PDF modifies the envelope structure, induces accumulation of aggregates and ultimately inhibits bacterial growth. In addition, the study of mutant bacterial strains showed that Vp16PDF specifically interfere with the folding and addressing of membrane proteins. This latter function could help destabilize the membrane of the host and thereby promote release of viral particles
Bazeille, Nicolas. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de l’hélicase du syndrome de Bloom et analyse de la toxicité du cadmium sur cette enzyme". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112340.
Testo completoThe DNA double helix is a stable structure that ensures both the protection and transmission of genetic information. To access this information, a large family of multifunctional enzymes called helicases performs the separation of complementary bases of DNA. Some of these helicases in humans are associated with cancer predisposition syndromes. This is the case of Bloom syndrome (BS), a recessive genetic disease that results in an increase in genetic instability but where no phenomenon of haploinsufficiency or dominant negative is found in carriers heterozygotes. Yet we recognize that the Bloom syndrome protein (BLM) adopts a multimeric structure in vitro, but the expression among some heterozygotes of an inactive enzyme is not considered as a risk factor. To explain this paradox, we studied the structure of the BLM and find that it works as a monomer, a new result which justifies why most inactive forms does not influence the degree of cancer predisposition. On the other hand, cadmium toxicity is potentially linked to the inactivation of the BLM helicase as cells exposed to cadmium present analogies with those of patients with Bloom syndrome. Indeed, we observed in vitro, that low concentrations of cadmium reduce helicase activity by promoting its oligomerization. These studies provide new information on the molecular mechanism of the BLM helicase and emphasize its importance in maintaining genome integrity
Reymann, Jean-Marc. "Aldose reductase de cristallin de porc : enzymologie et structure". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR13085.
Testo completoRahman, Pour Rahman. "Enzymology and structural enzymology of dye-decolorizing peroxidases and a primary study of encapsulin". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/73395/.
Testo completoJansson, Anna. "Structural enzymology of the biosynthesis of polyketide antibiotics /". Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-916-1/.
Testo completoWittenborn, Elizabeth Charlotte 1988. "Structural enzymology of bacterial carbon fixation and storage". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112446.
Testo completoCataloged from PDF version of thesis. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
As concerns about sustainable energy and climate change grow, there has been an ever growing interest in understanding how Nature sequesters and uses carbon. In this thesis, I present X-ray crystal structures of two central players in bacterial carbon fixation and storage: carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) and polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (PhaC). CODH is a key component of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway of carbon fixation, catalyzing the reversible reduction of CO₂ to CO, and has garnered interest as a possible tool in environmental remediation and biofuels production. Practical challenges to applications of CODH include oxygen sensitivity of the catalytic metallocluster cofactors and incomplete assembly of the active site metallocluster in heterologous systems. To address these pitfalls, I have determined crystal structures of the CODH from Desulfovibrio vulgaris revealing that a solvent-exposed iron-sulfur cluster in the enzyme is a critical contributor to irreversible oxidative damage and that damage can be avoided through variations in cluster type at this position. In a separate series of crystal structures, I have also visualized dramatic conformational dynamics within the unique Ni-Fe-S cluster active site of CODH that could play a role in cluster stability and assembly as well as in avoidance of oxidative degradation. By providing a better understanding of oxygen sensitivity and cluster assembly, we hope to increase the feasibility of using CODH in practical applications. PhaC catalyzes the polymerization of hydroxyalkyl-coenzyme A substrates as a means of carbon storage in many bacteria. The resulting polymers can be used to make biodegradable materials with properties similar to those of thermoplastics or elastomers and are an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics. To provide insight into the mechanism of hydroxyalkanoate polymerization, I have determined the first crystal structure of the catalytic domain of PhaC. The structure reveals the molecular architecture of the active site including key amino acid interactions that play likely roles in facilitating catalysis, as well as putative substrate entrance and product egress channels. This work lays the foundation for further biochemical and structural characterization of PhaC, and for engineering efforts for the production of cost-effective and environmentally sustainable materials.
by Elizabeth Charlotte Wittenborn.
Ph. D. in Biological Chemistry
Carletti, Eugénie. "Études biochimiques et structurales d'enzymes interagissant avec les toxiques organophosphorés". Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10035.
Testo completoBoulé, Jean-Baptiste. "Étude enzymologique et structurale de la Terminal déoxynucléotidyl Transférase (TdT) murine". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066050.
Testo completoBatson, Sarah. "Structural enzymology of peptidoglycan biosynthetic D-amino acid dipeptide ligases". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3117/.
Testo completoFrank, R. A. W. "Structural enzymology of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenases : symmetry and multiplicity". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599175.
Testo completoFitzsimmons, Sara Ann. "Enzymology and structure-activity relationships of quinoxaline bioreductive cytotoxins". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295320.
Testo completoLarsson, Forsell Pontus. "Studies on the structure, function and expression of phospholipase A₂ /". Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-3220-4/.
Testo completoPelissier-Combescure, Marie-Cécile. "Etudes structurales et fonctionnelles de deux enzymes impliquées dans le métabolisme des sucres chez les bactéries". Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11049.
Testo completoIn bacteria, polysaccharides constitute key compounds of the cell wall. They are essential for bacteria and notably contribute to their shape, protection and virulence. The biosynthesis of polysaccharides is strongly dependant on the monosaccharidic unit blocks availability. The present work describes the functional and structural study of two bacterial enzymes involved in sugar metabolism and monosaccharides supply. The GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMP) activates mannose through GDP-mannose, a required step for the incorporation of mannose residues into polysaccharides. Although well conserved from bacteria to humans, the GMP enzyme exhibits different substrate specificity depending on the organism. The structural characterization of the GMP from T. Maritima reveals the bases for its substrate specificity and brings hypotheses regarding functional differences observed in several GMP homologues. The N-acetyl-mannosamine-6-phosphate epimerase (NanE) is part of the sialic acid degradation pathway in bacteria. This pathway is of great importance for enteric bacteria that can use sialic acid from the intestinal tract as sole carbon source. The structure determination of NanE from C. Perfringens is the first step towards the understanding of the catalytic mechanism of this prokaryotic enzyme. Ultimately, this structure could give rise to the design of new antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria of the intestinal tract
Coen, Jeremy Jonathan Francis. "Structural and electronic determinants of azo dye oxidation by horseradish peroxidase isoenzyme C". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341542.
Testo completoFisher, Michael B. "The enzymology and mechanisms of cytochrome P450-catalyzed aliphatic desaturation /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8158.
Testo completoTsekoa, Tsepo L. "Structure, enzymology and genetic engineering of Bacillus sp. RAPc8 nitrile hydratase". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Testo completoBrisson, Lydie. "Relations structure-fonction de l'ACC oxydase et de l'anthocyanidine synthase : analogies et différences". Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX30060.
Testo completoAnthocyanidin synthase (ANS) and aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid oxidase (ACCO) are two non-heme containing oxidases that belong to the structural superfamily of cupines. Although ACCO does not use 2-oxoglutarate (20G) as a cofactor, both enzymes are associated to the 20G dependent oxygenases. ACCO catalyzes the production of ethylene from ACC and needs, besides oxygen, ascorbate and hydrogenocarbonate. ANS oxidizes in vivo leucoanthocyanidins to anthocyanidins and requires in vitro the presence of ascorbate, dioxygen and 20G. Both enzymes were produced in recombinant E. Coli systems, then purified. Their kinetic parameters were determined but the study of ANS has required more intensive optimisation work since it recognizes in vitro several substrates that each lead to several different products. The kinetic study has been completed by molecular modeling to understand their mechanism and to highlight potential binding sites for each effector. Particularly, both enzymes require ascorbate in vitro for activity and we have investigated the role as well as possible binding sites for this cofactor. The results indicate that hydrogenocarbonate interacts with Lys158, Arg300 from C-terminal part, and Arg244 and Ser246 from the RXS motif. It also interacts with ACC, favoring thus its binding and probably the catalysis. The use of phosphonate analogs of ACC confirms the binding model proposed and we were able to propose a sequential random mechanism for ACCO, with respect to ACC, hydrogenocarbonate and ascorbate. The latter seems to bind at the entrance of a canal going from the surface of the protein to the iron. Such a canal is present in ANS. The kinetic parameters of the latter were for the first time determined with dihydroquercetin as a substrate. Ascorbate, that binds to ANS in the canal, seems to be necessary for enzymatic activity. The study of these two enzymes opens new perspectives in the laboratory, including more comprehensive study of the reactivity around the metal ion. We plan to modulate the activity by mutagenesis to obtain new activities, especially from ANS
Park, Kee Choon. "Enzymatic activity, microbial diversity, and weed seed banks in soils receiving different organic amendments and the biological fertilizer EM(tm) /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164535.
Testo completo(tm) after EM in title is for Trademark symbol. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-142). Also available on the Internet.
Darmon, Amélie. "Etudes structurales et fonctionnelles du domaine CTD de l'ADN Gyrase de Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077189.
Testo completoMycobacterium tuberculosis possesses only one type IIA DNA topoisomerase, DNA gyrase, in contrast to most other bacteria which also possess DNA topoisomerase IV. It has been shown previously that die unique M tuberculosis type IIA DNA topoisomerase is functionally a hybrid enzyme, exhibiting the classical activity of DNA gyrase for supercoiling, but enhanced relaxation, cleavage and decatenation activities close to those of topoisomerase IV. Functional differences between the two type IIA DNA topoisomerases are thought to be specified by a C-terminal DNA binding domain (CTD) which controls DNA recognition. To explore the molecular mechanism responsible for the hybrid functions of the M. Tuberculosis DNA gyrase, we conducted a series of sequence analyses and structural and biochemical experiments with the isolated GyrA CTD and the holoenzyme. While the CTD displayed a global structure similar to that of bona fide GyrA and ParC paralogs, it harbors a second key motif similar in all respects to that of the GyrA-box. Biochemical assays showed that the canonical GyrA-box is responsible for DNA supercoiling and also relaxation, whereas the second GyrA-box-like motif (GyrA-box-1) is responsible for the enhanced decatenation activity of M. Tuberculosis DNA gyrase. Our results suggest that the mechanistic originality of M tuberculosis DNA gyrase depends largely on the particular DNA path around the CTD which is allowed for by the presence of eyrA-box-1. They reveal how the M tuberculosis DNA gyrase operates in detail, and provide also, through phylogenetic exploration of the entire Corynebacterineae suborder, new and broader insight into the functional stuctural and functional studies of the mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA gyrase C-terminal domain
Favrot, Lorenza. "Structure and Enzymatic Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transferases". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1404588587.
Testo completoGilchrist, Derek S. "Structure and mechanism of DNA gyrase from divergent bacterial species". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484289.
Testo completoMoore, Robert Goodwin Douglas C. "Towards the understanding of complex biochemical systems the significance of global protein structure and thorough parametric analysis /". Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1766.
Testo completoLindenberger, Jared J. "Structural and Enzymatic Studies of Essential Enzymes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1438270398.
Testo completoPicard, Martin. "Etudes structurales et fonctionnelles de l' ATPase-Ca2+ du réticulum sarcoplasmique (SERCA1A) : effets des conditions de cristallisation sur la conformation de l' ATPase-Ca2+". Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011390.
Testo completoChen, Z. (Zhijun). "Characterization of the 2-enoyl thioester reductase of mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis type II in mammals". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2008. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514289804.
Testo completoHenry, Luc. "Studies on enzymes mechanism and selectivity using synthetic substrate analogues". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:21234b44-3778-46c6-9a08-9351f6411f4e.
Testo completoAlbenne, Cécile. "Ingénierie rationnelle de l'amylosaccharase de Neisseria polysaccharea : de la structure tri-dimensionnelle aux bases moléculaires de la catalyse". Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0036.
Testo completoAmylosucrase from Neisseria polysaccharea (AS) is a transglucosidase from family 13 of glycoside-hydrolases which uses sucrose to synthesize an amylose-like polymer and elongates acceptor molecules as glycogen. Enzyme-substrate complexe analyses associated to site directed mutagenesis experiments allowed us to show that residues of subsite -1 are responsible for the specificity towards sucrose (Asp144, Arg509, Tyr147, Phe250). Residues of subsite +1 (Asp394, Arg446) ensure a correct positionning of acceptor molecules and are responsible for the specificity of synthesis but also of cleavage of the a-1,4 linkage. Indeed, we have showed that AS is able to disproportionate efficiently maltooligosaccharides of DP > 4. A strong subsite +4 (Arg415), associated to weak subsites +1, +2 and +3 (Arg226), reduce the accessibility of small molecules to the active site. A deep analysis of the reactions catalysed from sucrose led us to demonstrate that polymer synthesis result from the non-processive elongation of maltooligosaccharides synthesised by AS, at the non-reducing end. Opposed to compounds of DP < 4 which are accumulated because of a weak binding at subsites +1, +2 and +3, longer molecules are efficiently glucosylated thanks to a strong binding at different sites situated on the surface of the enzyme. A non-catalytic sucrose binding site has been identified and should be responsible for the atypical kinetic behavior of AS, via conformationnal movements. A molecular modelling study was initiated to explore the trajectory of sucrose between this secondary sucrose binding site and the active site. Molecular modelling was also used to propose a solution of docking of glycogen, which reveal a groove complementary to a branch of glycogen on the surface of the enzyme
Carayon, Kévin. "Étude des paramètres structuraux et cinétiques caractérisant les interactions intégrases rétrovirales / ADN et l'étape de 3'-processing". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363674.
Testo completoChakraborti, Subhendu. "Structural enzymology of human senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) insights into the gluconolactonase mechanism and role of metal ions /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 201 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1891590551&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Testo completoTopalis, Dimitrios. "Structure et spécificité de la thymidylate kinase du virus de la vaccine : vers une stratégie antipoxvirus". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066372.
Testo completoFansler, Sarah J. "Using enzymes to link soil structure and microbial community function in a prairie chronosequence". Online access for everyone, 2004. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2004/S%5FFansler%5F041404.pdf.
Testo completoEriani, Gilbert. "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthétases et tRNA : études fonctionnelles, structurales et génétiques d'une famille de molécules essentielles pour l'expression du code génétique". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00266855.
Testo completoNankai, Hirokazu. "Enzymology and genetics of xanthan-degrading system and X-ray crystal structure of xanthan lyase in Bacillus sp. GL1". Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149526.
Testo completoPicard, Martin. "ETUDES STRUCTURALES ET FONCTIONNELLES DE L'ATPASE-CA2+ DU RETICULUM SARCOPLASMIQUE (SERCA1A). EFFETS DES CONDITIONS DE CRISTALLISATION SUR LA CONFORMATION DE L'ATPASE-CA2+". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011390.
Testo completoWilliams, Simon-Peter. "Studies of enzyme kinetics and aspects of enzyme structure in vivo using NMR and molecular genetics". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d8baa574-a5d4-45a2-95a2-c141fbf8d277.
Testo completoReed, Andrew J. "A Structural and Biochemical Investigation of Human DNA Polymerase Beta". The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1543317539427082.
Testo completoDucasse-Cabanot, Stéphanie. "MabA, β-cétoacyl-ACP réductase de mycobactérium tuberculosis : propriétés fonctionnelles et structurales et inhibition par l'antibiotique antituberculeux isoniazide". Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU3A201.
Testo completoSchmitzberger, Florian Johannes. "Structural studies of two enzymes of pantothenate biosynthesis in Escherichia Coli". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/264125.
Testo completoMathieu, Cécile. "Structure et régulation de la glycogène phosphorylase cérébrale". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC159/document.
Testo completoGlycogen phosphorylase (GP) is the key enzyme for glycogen mobilization in cells. I human, this enzyme is found as three isoforms : liver GP (lGP), muscle GP (mGP) and brain GP (bGP). These three enzymes are allosteric enzymes, regulated by both the binding of allosteric effectors and phosphorylation. However, despite GPs are highly similar, bGP display distinguishing features. In addition, highly reactive cysteine residues are found in the primary sequence of bGP, suggesting that this enzyme might be regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). As a consequence, we investigated the molecular and cellular regulation of the bGP. First, we determined the crystal structure of this enzyme, so far unknown. These data revealed the structural bases of bGP regulation by its allosteric effectors, leading to the activation and the inactivation of the enzyme. We then focused on the regulation of bGP by H2O2, a model of ROS. Using biochemical and cellular approaches, we showed that H2O2 induces the formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond in the AMP binding site of the enzyme, avoiding its regulation by the allosteric effectors, without affecting its regulation by phosphorylation. Under oxidative condition, this regulation, unique to the brain form of GP, allows a control of the glycogenolysis through phosphorylation only. Finally, we demonstrated that electrophilic compounds from the environment (pesticides) might divert the redox regulation of bGP, leading to the alteration of glycogen metabolism which could participate to the development of neurodegenerative diseases
Lee, Gui-in. "Structure and dynamics of the receptor kinase interacting FHA domain of kinase associated protein kinase from arabidopsis". Free to MU campus, others may purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3100058.
Testo completoGarcia, Pardo Javier. "Structural and functional characterization of regulatory metallocarboxypeptidases: Studies on human carboxypeptidases D and Z, and the transthyretin-like domain". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/319703.
Testo completoMetallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs) are zinc-dependent enzymes that cleave single amino acids from the C termini of proteins and peptides. The first MCP to be identified was carboxypeptidase A1 (CPA1), a pancreatic enzyme that removes C-terminal hydrophobic residues. In the ensuing decades since the discovery of CPA1, dozens of additional MCPs have been found in different extra-pancreatic tissues and fluids, comprising a wide range of physiological roles ranging from digestion of food to the production of neuropeptides and peptide hormones and the selective processing of tubulin. The present thesis has the aim to gain insights into the knowledge of the structure and biological functions of two regulatory MCPs. For this purpose, we applied a wide range of biochemical approaches to elucidate biological activities of human carboxypeptidases D and Z. Furthermore, we decided to study for the first time the structure and roles of the transthyretin-like (TTL) domains found in all members of this subfamily of proteases, taking as example the first TTL domain belonging to the first catalytic domain of human carboxypeptidase D (termed here as h-TTL). The first chapter describes the amyloid formation under physiological conditions by h-TTL and unravels that the monomeric transthyretin fold has an inherent propensity to aggregate due to the presence of preformed amyloidogenic structural elements. The aggregation mechanism described in this work for a natively monomeric transthyretin-like protein, is being found also in a number of initially soluble globular proteins associated with protein deposition diseases and might be in fact quite generic for folds displaying preformed amyloidogenic elements in their structures, essentially β-sheets. The second chapter presents the crystal structure solved at ultra-high resolution of the h-TTL described in the first chapter. The information derived in the present study might facilitate the understanding of the biological roles of the TTL domains found in M14B subfamily members and would be an interesting tool to analyze in detail the structural properties and the folding mechanisms of these domains. The third chapter comprises the characterization of the substrate specificity of human carboxypeptidase D by using a combination of quantitative peptidomic approaches. This unique enzyme with multiple catalytic sites might be implicated in the processing of neuropeptides and growth factors. Thereby, the study of its mechanism of action is of significant importance for biomedicine. The fourth chapter describes de development of a simple and inexpensive method to improve protein production of heparin-affinity carboxypeptidases using mammalian cells, taking as example the case of carboxypeptidase Z. The purified protein is enzymatically active and can be used for high-throughput functional and structural studies. The fifth chapter applies several quantitative peptidomic approaches to characterize the substrate specificity of the human carboxypeptidase Z. Furthermore, this work provides the modelling of its catalytic domain, as well as of their frizzled-like domain, in order to analyze their role in Wnt signaling.
Couvineau, Pierre. "Études structure-fonction par modélisation moléculaire et mutagénèse dirigée de cibles thérapeutiques potentielles impliquées dans la régulation de l'équilibre hydrique et des fonctions cardiovasculaires". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB133/document.
Testo completoThe doctoral work was divided in two parts, one on the structure-function studies of aminopeptidase A, and the second one, on those of the apelin receptor. I/ Aminopeptidase A (APA) is a membrane bound monozinc aminopeptidase which generates, in the brain, angiotensin (Ang) III from Ang II. Ang III is one of the main effector peptides of the brain renin-angiotensin system, which exerts a tonic stimulatory action on the control of blood pressure in hypertensive rats. Thus, the blockade of brain APA by a specific and selective inhibitor, EC33 or its prodrug, RB150, normalizes blood pressure in two animal models of arterial hypertension (HTA). APA constitutes a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HTA that justifies the development of more potent and selective APA inhibitors than EC33, with enhanced pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles when compared to RB150. With this aim, we built a three dimensional (3D) model of APA based on the recently published crystal structure of human APA. We validated this model by structure-function studies combining molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis demonstrating the crucial role of one residue in the S1 subsite responsible for substrate specificity of APA for N-terminal acidic amino-acid residues and two other residues constituting the S2' subsite of APA involved in the binding of the P2' acidic residue of tripeptidic inhibitors, previously developed in the laboratory. II/ Apelin is the endogenous ligand of the human orphan receptor named APJ (ApelinR), a G protein-coupled receptor. Apelin and ApelinR are involved in the control of body fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular functions. ApelinR constitutes a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of heart failure and water retentions. Given that apelin half-life in the blood circulation is in the minute range, we aimed to develop potent metabolically stable apelin analogs.. In this context, it is necessary to understand how apelin binds to ApelinR and how it is activated. To do so, we build a 3D model of ApelinR based on the crystal structure of the chemokine receptor, CXCR4. We validated this model by structure-function studies by molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis. We showed that apelin interacts with the receptor through interactions between the basic residues of the peptide and the acidic residues of the ApelinR, located in the extracellular loops. ,We then developed metabolically stable apelin-17 (K17F) analogs following two different strategies. First, we substituted each residue of K17F by its D-isomer or a synthetic amino-acid. Secondly, we added a fluoroalkyl chain at the N-terminal part of K17F. These two strategies allowed to significantly improve plasma half-life of the modified peptides for several hours without modifying their pharmacological properties as compared to K17F. Two apelin metabolically stable analogs, P92 and LIT01-196, were found to have significantly higher in vivo activity than K17F with a strong capacity to decrease blood pressure and to inhibit vasopressin release in the blood stream inducing an increased aqueous diuresis. These new validated 3D models will be now used to perform in silico screening of virtual chemical libraries to discover new APA inhibitors and ApelinR agonists that could ultimately lead to new drug candidates. These compounds could be useful for the treatment of HTA and heart failure
Zephyr, Jacqueto. "Robust Drug Design Strategies and Discovery Targeting Viral Proteases". eScholarship@UMMS, 2021. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1157.
Testo completoCançado, Fabiane Chaves. "Bases moleculares do efeito do pH na atividas catalítica de duas lisozimas digestivas de Musca domestica (Diptera)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-22122008-094319/.
Testo completoLysozymes are enzymes that are part of the defence mechanism against bacteria, however lysozymes with digestive function are also found in the digestive tract of vertebrates and in the insect midgut. The digestive lysozymes from insects are c type, so they share similar structural and mechanistic characteristics with hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL). However, to perform their digestive function, insect lysozymes present some particular properties among them a more acidic pH optimum than that of non-digestive lysozymes. To elucidate the molecular basis of this pH optimum difference, two digestive lysozymes (lysozyme 1 AAQ20048 and lysozyme 2 AAQ20047) from Musca domestica larvae (housefly Diptera Cyclorrhapha), cloned in Pichia pastoris and purified, were structurally and kinecticly characterized with synthetic (MUQ3) and natural (lyophilized cells of Micrococcus lysodeikticus) substrates. It was observed that the pH effect on the activity of lysozymes 1 and 2 upon MUQ3 is a bell shaped curve exhibiting a more acidic pH optimum than that of HEWL. These curves result from simultaneous decrease of pKas values of the nucleophile and proton donor. Crystallographic structures of these digestive lysozymes from Musca domestica were obtained at 1.9 Å and comparative analysis with the terciary structure of HEWL revealed amino acid residues in the catalytic nucleophile (N46) and proton donor environment (S106 and T107) that may be involved in the modulation of ionization constants of those catalytic residues. N46, S106, and T107 were replaced via site-directed mutagenesis by D, V and A respectively and three simple (N46D, S106V and T107A) and one triple (N46D-S106V-T107A) mutants were produced and purified. Their characterization revealed that the individual contributions of N46, S106 and T107 were small and close to the detection borderline of the technique utilized. On the other hand, a set of these 3 amino acids was responsible by acidic pH optimum upon synthetic substrate, increasing the pKas values of nucleophile and proton donor to similar values to that of the HEWL. Differently, this triple mutation was not enough to increase the pH optimum of lysozyme 2 upon lyophilized cells of Micrococcus lysodeikticus to values close to those of HEWL, suggesting that the molecular bases of pH optimum upon natural and synthetic substrates are different. A structural comparison between lysozyme 1 and HEWL suggests that the charged amino acid residues on the surface of these lysozymes are important for pH optimum determination. The investigation of this hypothesis was done replacing 5 neutral and 1 acidic amino acids, via site-directed mutagenesis, by basic residues. The characterization of this mutant revealed a significant increase in the pH optimum values of lysozyme 1, suggesting that the reduction of basicity on the surface of the digestive lysozymes is a important factor in the determination of their acidic pH optimum.
Mas, y. Mas Sarah. "Etudes structurales et biochimiques de la γ-kétol réductase chloroplastique d'Arabidopsis thaliana : caractérisation d’une nouvelle classe de « Medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase » impliquée dans la détoxification". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV015/document.
Testo completoUnder the influence of the oxidative stress, the production of the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is increased. These compounds can react with various biological molecules like free polyunsaturated fatty acids or derived from lipids producting hydroperoxides of fatty acids. In chloroplast, these molecules are subject to numerous enzymatic or chemical modifications resulting in oxylipins. Oxylipins participate in cell signaling (precursors of the way of the jasmonate for example), or in the defense of the plant (antimicrobial activity). However some of them are very reactive and toxic so they are metabolized in less reactive molecules by oxidoreduction reactions.The ceQORH (chloroplast envelope Quinone OxydoReductase Homolog) and IEP32 (Inner Envelope Protein 32) of Arabidopsis thaliana are chloroplast oxidoreductases involved in the plant detoxification. They are transported through the envelope of the chloroplast without cleavage of their transit peptide by an alternative import pathway of TOC/TIC (Translocon at the Outer envelope membrane of Chloroplasts and Translocon at the Inner envelope membrane of Chloroplasts). In order to better understand their roles, we studied their enzymatic properties and structures.IEP32 was purified and crystallized. The structures apo-ceQORH and bound to the NADPH/ NADP + with inhibitors were determined using X-ray crystallography. The analysis allowed us to show that ceQORH exists under different oligomerization states what was confirmed by results of analytical ultracentrifugation. The NADPH binding to the Rossmann fold induces the monomerization. The catalytic site is large and hydrophobic allowing to ceQORH to reduce many α, β-unsaturated carbonyls of various chain lengths. CeQORH was shown to reduce with high efficiency the reactive double bond of γ-ketols that's why we propose to rename ceQORH by “γ- ketol reductase”.Keywords: chloroplast – Medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase – γ-ketol reductase – oxylipins – oligomerization state – inhibition – X-ray crystallography – analytical ultracentrifugation