Tesi sul tema "Environmental"
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1
Carty, Paula Christine Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Thinking environmentally; environmental information and environmental education". Ottawa, 1996.
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2
Markarian, Naro R. "Environmental control of vegetable storage environments". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31268.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A large-scale experimental, state of the art storage facility was constructed on the Macdonald Campus of McGill University. This storage facility will serve as a tool to further investigate many of the laboratory experiments performed in agricultural and food science topics, by providing a representation of actual storage facilities in use in the industry today. The storage facility was fully instrumented to provide valuable data of the stored commodity and it's environment. A custom control software was developed with a user friendly graphical interface. This fully automated software allows data acquisition and control of temperature and relative humidity of the experimental storage facility.Experiments were performed and the control software provided an adequate temperature and relative humidity control. The controller was based on a conventional PID or proportional, integral and derivative controller. To further improve the control of the storage facility, a novel multivariable PID controller was developed using enthalpy as the process variable, which encompasses both temperature and relative humidity. The novel controller was tested using a mathematical model developed. Simulations were performed comparing the performance of the novel multivariable controller to two other conventional controllers. The results demonstrate that the novel multivariable PID controller is capable of controlling temperature and relative humidity better than the other two conventional control techniques.
3
Forsberg, Anna. "Environmental assessment of the urban environment". Licentiate thesis, KTH, Chemical Engineering and Technology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1621.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis gives a systematic description of theEnvironmental Load Profile (ELP), an environmental assessmenttool developed for the urban environment. The purpose of thework was to improve the stringency of the system boundaries andfunctional units of the tool. This was achieved by putting theELP structure in the context of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)with a special emphasis on system boundaries. To create animproved scientific base for the ELP, a comparative study wasconducted using an evaluative framework for conceptual andanalytical approaches. Here, the ELP tool is compared with foursimilar environmental assessment tools for the builtenvironment.
Since, energy use in the operation phase is an importantfactor for the overall environmental performance of buildings,a sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate how theselection of heat and electricity mix affects the results of anenvironmental assessment of buildings. Four modes ofelectricity production and two modes of heat production wereapplied on three buildings with different technical systems intheir heat supply. The results show that the choice ofelectricity mix has a great influence on the outcome of anenvironmental assessment (EA) and it is suggested that both anaverage and marginal electricity mix should be applied inEA´s of the built environment. Further, it is argued thatconsequences of assumptions made should be explicitlycommunicated in the EA report, to allow the decision-makersrather than the analysts to make the final evaluation.
The ELP is primarily developed to follow up theenvironmental goaltwice as goodand assess theenvironmental performance of Hammarby Sjöstad, a newcity-district in southern Stockholm. The city-district is builtas a continuation of the inner Stockholm and the first part ofthe project, called Sickla Udde, is nearly finished. The ELPtool was applied in a first case study to answer the questionof how far Sickla Udde has reached in achieving the goal. Theassessment indicates that compared to a reference districtbased on the technology used in 1990, the environmentalperformance of Sickla Udde has reached the goaltwice asgoodfor some environmental load categories and 30percent for others. Although these findings are preliminary,they indicate a development in the right direction. Measurestaken contributing to largest environmental improvements are: amore efficient energy production (improved district heating)and use (e.g. lower U-values in the buildings, energy efficientappliances, heat exchange of ventilation air) and improvedsewage treatment. The results also demonstrate that theenvironmental load from domestic transports can be of the samemagnitude as from the buildings situated within thecity-district. Hence, resources spent to decrease environmentalload in the planning process should primarily be divoted toimproving domestic transportation systems and on optimising theoperational phase of the buildings.
Keywords:environmental assessment, urban district,environmental load profile, Hammarby Sjöstad, life cycleassessment, LCA, environmental management, builtenvironment
4
Price, David A. "Environmental choices : coal, industry, environment, and society". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244902.
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5
Mihalopoulos-Filippopoulos, Andreas. "Environment : autopoiesis, environmental law and the city". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271363.
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Feldman, Alicia. "Environmental equifinality: (Re)Examining predictors of specific responsible environmental behaviours in Australian recreational fishing environments". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/208423/1/Alicia_Feldman_Thesis.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Environmental stewardship is essential to conserving recreational fishing areas. This thesis explores the characteristics of Australians engaged in such stewardship. A novel theoretical perspective (complexity theory) and methodology (fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis) uncovers complex configurational mechanisms, with multiple equifinal solutions identified as sufficient for performance of stewardship behaviours. Configurations predictive of stewardship differ between environmental organisation members and non-members. While there are numerous, varied configurations sufficient for performance among environmental organisation members, there are fewer among non-members, indicating only a specific subset of non-members perform these behaviours. These findings can inform targeted recruitment and engagement strategies for environmental stewardship participation.
7
Shvadlenko, Irina. "Evaluation of Environmental Education Software “Protecting Your Environment”". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1108407292.
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Serra, Barragán Luis A. "Essays on environmentally friendly behaviour and environmental policy". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57935/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The thesis consists of three chapters of self-contained studies. In Chapter 1, I examine the decision of individuals to secure the provision of an environmental service under a Psychological Games framework. Since environmental services are considered public goods, there is an ongoing depletion of natural resources. While standard economic theory predicts the introduction of a PES is supposed to correct the associated externality by establishing a market which offers a monetary compensation to owners of vital natural resources as a recognition of their effort in providing the environmental services, this chapter argues such intervention might backfire: a motivation crowding-out arises if individuals believe others reciprocate friendly behaviour solely to receive the monetary compensation, ultimately decreasing total environmental protection. Even if environmental protection does take place, the motivation of individuals to secure the provision of the environmental service becomes commodified by the PES. Finally, awarding the PES only to a subset of individuals will also have negative effects on environmental protection, since those not receiving the PES will not want to do for free something that others are being paid to do. Environmental policy implications of this economic instrument are further discussed. In Chapter 2, a sample of the World Values Survey dataset is analyzed to show there are substantial behavioural differences between immigrants and native-born regarding pro-environmental action. In particular, while neither native-born nor immigrants are more willing to sacrifice money to save the environment, immigrants actually engage more on activities like choosing products that are better for the environment, recycling, and reducing water consumption. The engagement in proenvironmental behaviour of immigrants is region-specific and depends on their source region. Moreover, such relatively higher actual engagement in environmentally friendly behaviours can be explained by their high socio-economic status and their high education level, i.e. “selective immigration”. When the behaviour of immigrants by their length of residence in the host country is analyzed, no differences in proenvironmental attitudes or pro-environmental behaviour are found, a result which suggests they do not develop a “sense of belongingness” to the host country. Finally, in line with the standard finding in the literature of acculturation in environmental behaviour, this chapter finds that immigrants conform through time to some of the proenvironmental actions of native-born. In Chapter 3, I investigate the indirect effects on norm activation produced by monetary environmental policy instruments which introduce a situational cue that fosters a change of identity among individuals with potential negative consequences on their pro-environmental behaviour. For that purpose, a two-period identity selection model based on self-verification theory is developed. In each period there are two types of selves an individual can adopt: selfish and pro-environmental. The process of identity selection is driven by the desire of individuals to be consistent across the two periods in order to avoid social disapproval due to self-change. Results show that the monetary environmental policy introduces an asymmetry in the identity selection process that produces a failure of norm activation: while selfish agents preserve their selfish identity after the policy is implemented, pro-environmental agents might change their identity despite they experience social disapproval due to a reduction in the cognitive benefits of keeping such identity produced by the monetary component of the policy. Implications for environmental policy design are discussed.
9
Gawn, Mark Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Donor agencies and the environment: CIDA's environmental policy". Ottawa, 1985.
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DeVault, Carol Aline. "Working for the environment: Pathways to environmental careers". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1909.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Fifteen professionals in a variety of environmental occupations in the United States were interviewed in a structured, open-ended format. Job profiles were developed from the interviews. The philosophy of these environmental professionals is expressed in their own words and offers insights into influences upon career choice, professional training and personal fulfillment. In addition, environmental related career activity guides were developed to help students and their parents and teachers gain an awareness of the occupations available in this field.
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Sethusha, Mantsose Jane. "How primary school learners conceptualize the environment and environmental education". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10022007-134249/.
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Parker, Jonathan Duguid Edward. "Environmental reporting and environmental indices". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358483.
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Sadza, Peter Bernard. "Environmental Hypocrisy--or Environmental Quota?" W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626641.
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Coe, Michelle Autumn. "Influential Environments: School Gardens Impacting Arizona Children's Environmental Perspectives". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595817.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Manzo Elementary is located in Barrio Hollywood, a low-income neighborhood of Tucson, Arizona. Despite the school's low testing scores and small enrollment, Manzo was recognized as the Best Green School in the nation for 2012 by the U.S. Green Building Council and continues to receive positive media attention. This is because Manzo is thriving in areas of experiential learning and ecological initiatives through the use of its school garden. The school has built sustainability into the core of its curriculum and physical environment, integrating chickens, composting piles, rainwater cisterns, and desert biomes within its courtyards, classrooms and playgrounds. Literature on school gardens suggests that gardens heighten children's sense of place, time spent in the environment, and perceptions of natural areas. However, there is a large gap in the literature which focuses on the use of school gardens as an environmental learning tool, and the ways in which it can appeal and connect children and community partnerships from the perspective of those children involved. The research presented here is an attempt to close that gap by bringing Manzo students into the conversation on school gardens and experiential learning. This study looks at how students perceive their environment, how they are learning and acquiring new environmental knowledge, how they share that knowledge, and the actions and behaviors—both individually and collaboratively—that ensue.
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Foster, Alec. "EVERYDAY IDENTITIES, EVERYDAY ENVIRONMENTS: URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHIES OF PHILADELPHIA". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/396150.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
GeographyPh.D.
This study examines the environmental identity processes of Philadelphians involved in volunteer local everyday urban environmental stewardship through tree plantings and prunings, urban gardening, and neighborhood cleanups. A hybrid theoretical framework for environmental identities that simultaneously incorporates structural, discursive, and material concerns through the ground of everyday life was adapted from the political ecology of the body developed by Hayes-Conroy and Hayes-Conroy (2013). Three qualitative methodological techniques were performed: in depth interviews, participatory observation, and neighborhood walking tours. Results highlight the emotional and affective connections that participants held with their neighborhoods, neighbors and other participants, and trees and other nonhuman others.
Temple University--Theses
16
Gebbels, Susan. "Promoting citizenship and environmental learning in the marine environment". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2298.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis addresses the need to involve all members of society in marine environmental education, policy-making and stakeholder processes. Several strategies are considered. Firstly, marine environmental citizenship and the concept of joint responsibility as a way of enabling people to contribute meaningfully to marine environmental management processes. This incorporates the implementation of programmes that enable adults to participate in local environmental projects and the importance of using skilled volunteers in wildlife recording programmes. Chapter two outlines ‘A Citizens’ Day’ between school pupils and environmentalists that enables participants to take part in debates and environmental planning in real life situations. The thesis examines the effects of links between universities, industries and schools were pupils surveyed a coastal area and made 15 recommendations for its sustainable management which were implemented by industry employees. Intergenerational learning as a means of encouraging transfer of knowledge between generations was tested in depth during one study. The methods proved effective, the majority of the adults in the project claimed that their knowledge of their areas maritime heritage had increased significantly. ‘The Tale of the Herring’ project looked at the concept of sense of place education as a tool for promoting environmental citizenship and connecting young people to their marine environment. The results of the study concluded that this approach did encourage a feeling of belonging and a sense of responsibly for one’s local environs. Global marine citizenship was assessed through International Schools Partnership in Ghana and the UK. Schools carried out independent surveys of local coastal habitats and made recommendations to managers. Despite many differences in their lives, pupils’ recommendations had many similarities. Innovative methods of giving children who have Special Education Needs a voice in marine environmental citizenry were also investigated. The focus had special emphasis on fieldwork, enquiry-based and cross-curricula approaches to learning. Pupils’ believed that their work motivated their interest in science and gave them a sense of pride in their work. Finally the thesis explored the potential use of the creative arts as an effective means of communicating marine environmental messages.
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Sunderlal, Shinara. "Treble in the Environment: Incorporating Music into Environmental Education". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/77.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this era where global sustainability is challenged, environmental education plays a vital role in building environmental awareness. Other roles of environmental education include the promotion of responsible citizenship and the fostering of environmental advocacy in children. As a way to strengthen these goals of environmental education, this thesis explores the dynamic uses of music to compound on the fields impact. I argue that the benefits of music outlined suggest music’s power to heighten environmental sensitivity from a young age. I use narratives from the environmental education, music, education, and psychology discourses to demonstrate the theoretical advantages of music in conjunction with environmental education. I also conduct my own research with Pitzer’s Leadership in Environmental Education Partnership, to put the theories into action. As a result, I find music to be an antecedent to the development of environmental sensitivity; music is not only instrumental in promoting environmental citizenship, but can be a way to achieve an environmental revolution by inspiring communities to mobilize for change.
18
Pan, Jilang. "Environmental risk assessment of inorganic chemicals in mining environment". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5641.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mining is one of the human‟s earliest industrial activities. Indeed early civilizations such as the Bronze Age and Iron Age are named according to their use of metals; the importance of metals is still central to industrialization and urbanization. The enormous quantities of mine waste and tailings generated by mining every year however, are also of concern. The relocation and removal of large quantities of mineral and waste can also release chemicals into the environment especially surface water, groundwater and soil during the mining lifecycle if good mining engineering and mitigation are not performed. To optimise this risk management based on excellent risk analysis is required. The study analysed the mining life cycle, chemicals in the mining environment, current regulations on chemicals in the environment and the development of environmental risk assessment framework with particular focus on the inorganic substances. Chemicals in the mining environment were then grouped into a) the minor constituents of the ore deposits; b) chemicals used in mining such as explosives, leaching chemicals and froth flotation reagents. c) chemicals generated by mining, milling and smelting including Acid mine drainage (AMD) and emissions from smelting and refining. The natural and anthropogenic sources, potential pathways to environmental and human receptors and the implications on human health of key toxic metals and metalloids in the mining context were then evaluated. A new two-tier risk assessment was developed based on the four-step conventional risk assessment framework by the U.S.National Research Council (NRC). Tier 1 involved analysing and evaluating existing data using two new semi-quantitative risk screening and prioritisation procedures, namely Chemicals of Greatest Concern (CGC) and Media of Greatest Concern (MGC). CGC was developed using specific hazardous properties of the inorganic chemicals and their eco-toxicities in the environment. MGC was a system of decomposition using a combination of various decision-making tools such as Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) and Hierarchical holographic modelling (HHM) to facilitate hazard identification and assessment. Tier 2 involved quantitative toxicity assessment, exposure assessment and risk characterisation which were used to quantify the total risk to human health using Monte Carlo simulations (MCS). The tiered risk-based approach developed was evaluated using three cases studies, viz, the Rustenburg platinum (Pt) mine, South Africa; the Lisheen lead (Pb) – zinc (Zn) mine, Ireland and the Richmond copper (Cu) smelter. The results from them were evaluated and compared as a basis for Anglo American plc‟s global strategic decision making. Finally, the strengths and weakness of the methodology developed were evaluated in relation to the application at current operational level. Future methodology refinement and incorporation of organic chemicals were also discussed.
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Harvey, Gareth J. "The impact of environmental cues in a corporate environment". Thesis, Bangor University, 2012. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-impact-of-environmental-cues-in-a-corporate-environment(b21be54c-5037-45e7-9f28-f48c7fb75f2f).html.
Testo completo
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Núñez, Rocha Thaís. "International trade and environment : the role of environmental regulations". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E051/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse contribue à la compréhension de la relation entre le commerce et l’environnement, en mettant l’accent sur le rôle de la réglementation environnementale entre pays. Trois essais abordent ce lien selon différentes perspectives. Le premier chapitre analyse l’efficacité de la formalisation de la Convention de Bâle sur le commerce des déchets dangereux dans l’Union européenne (UE-WSR) puis sur les pays en développement, divisés en régions. Je construis un indice de réglementation environnementale, qui comprend notamment la qualité des institutions. Les résultats montrent peu de preuves d’un effet de havre de déchets dans les pays de l’UE les moins développés. Dans l’analyse régionale, il n’y a aucune preuve de l’efficacité de l’UE-WSR. Le second chapitre étudie l’efficacité des accords internationaux sur l’environnement. Ce chapitre évalue les effets de la ratification et de l’adoption de ces accords sur les importations de produits chimiques dangereux et de polluants organiques persistants. Les résultats soulignent l’effet partiel de ces deux conventions. Plus précisément, lorsqu’on évalue un accord moins restrictif, les importations ne sont réduites que lorsque l’exportateur ratifie la convention. Lors de l’évaluation de l’interdiction des polluants organiques persistants, les importations sont réduites. Le troisième examine l’effet de la réglementation environnementale sur les résultats environnementaux. Ce chapitre a pris en compte les déterminants de la pollution et une variable de réglementation environnementale composée de lois environnementales adoptées par les pays. Les résultats montrent que les lois environnementales ont un effet améliorant les résultats environnementaux. Cet effet est particulier aux résultats environnementaux et à la loi. Ainsi on met en question certaines conclusions antérieures tirées de la littérature sur l’effet bénéfique du commerce sur l’environnementThis thesis contributes to an understanding of the relationship between trade and the environment, with an emphasis on the role of environmental regulation among countries. Three essays deal with this link from different perspectives. The first chapter analyses the effectiveness of the formalization of the Basel Convention on trade in hazardous wastes in the European Union (EU-WSR), followed by developing countries, and divided into regions. I build an environmental regulation index, which includes the quality of the institutions. The results show little evidence of a waste haven effect in the least developed EU countries. In the regional analysis, there is no evidence of the effectiveness of the EU-WSR. The second chapter examines the effectiveness of international environmental agreements. This chapter assesses the effects of the ratification and adoption of these agreements on imports of hazardous chemicals and persistent organic pollutants. The results underline the partial effect of these two conventions. More specifically, when assessing a less restrictive arrangement, imports are reduced only when the exporter ratifies the agreement. In assessing the ban on persistent organic pollutants, imports are reduced. The third examines the effect of environmental regulation on environmental outcomes. This chapter has taken into account the determinants of pollution and an environmental regulatory variable composed of environmental laws adopted by countries. The results show that environmental laws have an effect improving environmental outcomes. This effect is unique to environmental outcomes and to the law. Thus, some previous conclusions drawn from the literature on the beneficial effect of trade on the environment are questioned
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Núñez, Rocha Thaís. "International trade and environment : the role of environmental regulations". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E051.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse contribue à la compréhension de la relation entre le commerce et l’environnement, en mettant l’accent sur le rôle de la réglementation environnementale entre pays. Trois essais abordent ce lien selon différentes perspectives. Le premier chapitre analyse l’efficacité de la formalisation de la Convention de Bâle sur le commerce des déchets dangereux dans l’Union européenne (UE-WSR) puis sur les pays en développement, divisés en régions. Je construis un indice de réglementation environnementale, qui comprend notamment la qualité des institutions. Les résultats montrent peu de preuves d’un effet de havre de déchets dans les pays de l’UE les moins développés. Dans l’analyse régionale, il n’y a aucune preuve de l’efficacité de l’UE-WSR. Le second chapitre étudie l’efficacité des accords internationaux sur l’environnement. Ce chapitre évalue les effets de la ratification et de l’adoption de ces accords sur les importations de produits chimiques dangereux et de polluants organiques persistants. Les résultats soulignent l’effet partiel de ces deux conventions. Plus précisément, lorsqu’on évalue un accord moins restrictif, les importations ne sont réduites que lorsque l’exportateur ratifie la convention. Lors de l’évaluation de l’interdiction des polluants organiques persistants, les importations sont réduites. Le troisième examine l’effet de la réglementation environnementale sur les résultats environnementaux. Ce chapitre a pris en compte les déterminants de la pollution et une variable de réglementation environnementale composée de lois environnementales adoptées par les pays. Les résultats montrent que les lois environnementales ont un effet améliorant les résultats environnementaux. Cet effet est particulier aux résultats environnementaux et à la loi. Ainsi on met en question certaines conclusions antérieures tirées de la littérature sur l’effet bénéfique du commerce sur l’environnementThis thesis contributes to an understanding of the relationship between trade and the environment, with an emphasis on the role of environmental regulation among countries. Three essays deal with this link from different perspectives. The first chapter analyses the effectiveness of the formalization of the Basel Convention on trade in hazardous wastes in the European Union (EU-WSR), followed by developing countries, and divided into regions. I build an environmental regulation index, which includes the quality of the institutions. The results show little evidence of a waste haven effect in the least developed EU countries. In the regional analysis, there is no evidence of the effectiveness of the EU-WSR. The second chapter examines the effectiveness of international environmental agreements. This chapter assesses the effects of the ratification and adoption of these agreements on imports of hazardous chemicals and persistent organic pollutants. The results underline the partial effect of these two conventions. More specifically, when assessing a less restrictive arrangement, imports are reduced only when the exporter ratifies the agreement. In assessing the ban on persistent organic pollutants, imports are reduced. The third examines the effect of environmental regulation on environmental outcomes. This chapter has taken into account the determinants of pollution and an environmental regulatory variable composed of environmental laws adopted by countries. The results show that environmental laws have an effect improving environmental outcomes. This effect is unique to environmental outcomes and to the law. Thus, some previous conclusions drawn from the literature on the beneficial effect of trade on the environment are questioned
22
Wall, Don Hargrove Eugene C. "Earth tones how environmental journalism and environmental ethics influence environmental citizenship /". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3907.
Testo completo
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Wall, Don. "Earth Tones: How Environmental Journalism and Environmental Ethics Influence Environmental Citizenship". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3907/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Environmental ethics and environmental journalism are influencing the developing philosophy of environmental citizenship. This philosophy involves the ideas that people are part of the environment, that the future depends on a healthy environment, and that action on behalf of the environment is necessary. It applies to individuals, communities, large and small companies and corporations, governments, and a coalition of nations. Environmental philosophers and environmental journalists can work together, in a symbiotic way, to foster discussions among citizens and policy makers about ideas as well as events, and thus, influence attitudes and policies, and continue to influence environmental citizenship. Environmental citizenship as an extension of democracy offers the best chance for undoing the manmade problems which are degrading the quality of life on Earth. A healthier environment is the will of the people. An informed, voting public will succeed in creating a healthier environment. Pioneering work by philosophers and journalists, especially over the last forty-five years has brought the dialogue about environmental problems to an unprecedented level and continues to offer encouragement to the mindful evolution of mankind. These ecological discussions of rights and responsibilities, intrinsic and economic values, pragmatism and utilitarianism, culture and spirit, are increasingly being applied to a developing idea of sustainability, and are, thus, helping to expand ideas about what it means to be a citizen in a democracy.
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Jeßberger, Christoph. "Environmental Economics and Multilateral Environmental Agreements". Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-126257.
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Johnson, Brian. "Can Education Improve the Environment? Applying the Pressure-State-Response Environmental Indicator Framework to Environmental Education Program Outcomes". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1375367966.
Testo completo
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Shearer, Megan Marie. "Tibetan Buddhism and the environment: A case study of environmental sensitivity among Tibetan environmental professionals in Dharamsala, India". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2904.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to investigate environmental sensitivity among environmental professionals in a culture that is assumed to hold an ecocentric perspective. Nine Tibetan Buddhist environmental professionals were surveyed in this study. Based on an Environmental Sensitivity Profile Insytrument, an environmental sensitivity profile for a Tibetan Buddhist environmental professional was created from the participants demographic and interview data. The most frequently defined vaqriables were environmental destruction/development, education and role models.
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Boaz, Lindsey Ellen. "Meeting the Personal Environment: Exploring Environmental Sensitivity of Appalachian College Students". The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1590752066473921.
Testo completo
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Sepponen, J. (Jussi). "Improved user experience with realistic virtual environments and environmental states". Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201903211349.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. Virtual reality has been a topic of keen research for last three decades. Recent advances on display technology and wireless network systems combined with easily maintainable and expandable social networks allow more pervasive experiences and better collaboration than ever before. Still the virtual reality remains as rarely used resource and a niche form of entertainment.
Virtual Reality is still far from its Science Fiction epitome. Sci-fi presents virtual reality as a ubiquitous technology that generally provides an immersive experience that transforms the concept of communication and collaboration by taking the user into completely another reality.
Thanks to leaps in technology, users can experience previously unseen levels of resolution with minimal network lag on consumer priced products. Despite of this VR technology has not caught on. From users’ perspective, this is affected by user experience.
This thesis sets out to discover use cases for realistic virtual environments and states and issues in user experience affecting adoption. It will also take a look on different hindrances and difficulties concerning the mass adaption of virtual reality tools and applications.Realististen virtuaaliympäristöjen ja tilojen käyttö käyttäjäkokemuksen parantamiseen. Tiivistelmä. Virtuaalitodellisuutta on tutkittu vilkkaasti 80-luvulta saakka. Näyttöteknologian ja langattomien verkkojärjestelmien viimeaikainen kehitys yhdessä helposti ylläpidettävien ja laajennettavien sosiaalisten verkostojen kanssa mahdollistavat aiempaa kokonaisvaltaisempia kokemuksia ja yhteistyömahdollisuuksia. Tästä huolimatta virtuaalitodellisuus pysyy edelleen harvoin käytettynä resurssina ja viihteen erikoismuotona. Virtuaalitodellisuus on edelleen kaukana sci-fi visualistien haaveesta: kaikkialla läsnäolevana, ubiikkina teknologiana, joka tarjoaa mukaansatempaavia ja ainutlaatuisia kokemuksia, sekä muuttaa käsitystämme sosiaalisesta kanssakäynnistä.
Uusimmat teknologiat tarjoavat käyttäjälle ennennäkemättömän korkearesoluutioista kuvaa ja minimaalista verkkoviivettä kuluttajahintaisilla laitteilla. Tästäkään huolimatta suuri yleisö ei ole lämminnyt VR-teknologialle. Käyttäjän näkökulmasta tähän vaikuttaa suuresti käyttökokemus.
Tämä tutkimus käsittelee realististen virtuaaliympäristöjen ja -tilojen vaikutusta käyttäjäkokemukseen, sekä ottaa kantaa erilaisiin esteisiin ja hankaluuksiin virtuaaliteknologian leviämisessä suuren yleisön suosioon.
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Acevedo, Michelle. "An environmental-behavior evaluation of pediatric clinic waiting room environments". Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07112009-040524/.
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Chalmers, Helen. "Developing the Environment Agency's policy position on addressing environmental inequalities". Thesis, Middlesex University, 2006. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6463/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background and drivers of the project In the UK there is growing interest in the relationship between environmental quality and social equity. Recent research has shown that the most socially and economically deprived people live in the worst environments. This presents difficult challenges to government and its agencies in delivering sustainable development, but also an opportunity to better integrate social and environmental policy and deliver a better environment and quality of life for everyone. This project arose out of the Environment Agency's interest in understanding these issues, and its social responsibilities in improving and protecting the environment. This report provides a reflective and critical analysis of a work-based project between September 2002 and September 2004 to develop the Environment Agency's policy on addressing environmental inequalities. Research objectives The overall aim of this project was to strengthen the Environment Agency's contribution to sustainable development by: • developing the Environment Agency's understanding of the relationships between environmental quality and social deprivation; • helping to clarify the Environment Agency's role, and ensure its policies reflect the need to address environmental inequalities; and • ensuring that others' strategies to tackle multiple disadvantage and promote sustainable development reflect the need to address environmental inequalities. Methodology and project activities An action research approach provided the overall framework for the project, in which cycles of action and reflection were used to develop evidence-based policy and wider organisational change. The project utilised a variety of research techniques, including quantitative statistical analysis, documentary research and collaborative inquiry with critical stakeholders. The data was triangulated to understand the relationships between environmental quality and social deprivation, the Environment Agency's role in addressing environmental inequalities, and wider policy options. A wide range of the Environment Agency's staff and its external stakeholders were involved in developing the research, making sense of the evidence, and developing and negotiating the policy solutions. Results The project established that: • While the quality of the environment is generally improving, the most socially and economically deprived communities tend to live in the worst environments. For example, those living in the most deprived wards in England experience the worst air quality, are most likely to live next to industrial sites and are most likely to live in tidal floodplains. In Wales, the picture is very different. Air pollution is generally better, the location of industrial sites show some bias towards affluent areas, and the link between flooding and deprivation is less clear. • The Environment Agency's role is to contribute to a better quality of life for everyone, by improving and protecting the environment and whatever their background and wherever they live. To inform its approach, the Environment Agency carries out research on environmental inequalities and works with others to develop the most effective ways of tackling them. It takes account of the social and economic impacts of its work whenever possible and includes the interests of disadvantaged communities in its work. The Environment Agency advises on the environmental impacts of planning decisions, and advises government on environmental inequality, • The Environment Agency is committed to doing what it can to address environmental inequalities and will ensure that it does not contribute to inequalities in the future. It will undertake further research on environmental inequalities and scrutinise its approach to modern regulation and flood risk management. It will carry out Strategic Environmental Assessment to assess the impact of its plans and programmes on people, and continue to provide information, and support processes that help people to make better decisions about their environment. • Work is also needed by government, business and society to address environmental inequalities at a national, regional and local level. The Environment Agency is calling for: a better understanding of environmental inequalities and the most effective ways of addressing them; government policy to promote a reduction in environmental inequalities; government to address environmental inequalities through tackling disadvantage; regional and local planning authorities to prevent further environmental inequalities; - communities supported and involved in decisions that affect their local environment. Project impact The Environment Agency's understanding of the relationships between environmental quality and social deprivation has developed considerably as a result of this project. New knowledge about environmental inequalities has led to increasing dialogue at different levels within ~ and outside the organisation about the Environment Agency's role in improving and protecting the environment in deprived areas. The project has laid the foundations for future changes in Environment Agency policy and practice. The project has provided leadership in championing these issues across government and has been instrumental in informing the commitments within the UK Sustainable Development Strategy. Through collaborative work with the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, the Environment Agency has seen a shift in the government's thinking about the environmental dimensions of disadvantage and wider commitment to integrate environment and social justice across government policy. Recommendations The project developed specific recommendations for future research, policy and practice to address environmental inequalities. This report also makes recommendations for Ihe ways in which the Environment Agency should take these forward by: (i) continuing to shape and Champion research and policy to address environmental inequalities, but also demonstrating its commitment to this issue (as set out in its Environmental Vision and position Statement) by integrating environmental equality into its policies and processes, and through its corporate targets. (ii) undertaking practical pilots with local. regional and national partners to demonstrate the value of addressing environmental inequalities; (iii) placing greater emphasis on joining up the practical experience of its staff on the ground with the needs and views of the communities it works with, in the development of policy; (iv) supporting the use of social science and encouraging the inclusion of more diverse voices, particularly those that are most excluded, in the development of evidence-based policy; (v) continuing to promote the use of participatory approaches to support the development of science and policy; (vi) supporting greater opportunities for reflection, evaluation and learning from the experience of practice and policy – for example through work-based doctorates. learning sets. reflection, mentoring. and secondments.
31
Arsenault, Denis. "Environment, security and natural disasters, contesting discourses of environmental security". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0018/MQ36809.pdf.
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32
Boyd, David Richard. "The environmental rights revolution : constitutions, human rights, and the environment". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23334.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the growing recognition of the right to a healthy environment and its potential influence on public policy and environmental protection. It includes an analysis of 192 national constitutions, a survey of 500+ environmental law experts, an examination of environmental laws and court decisions in 86 nations, and a comparison of the environmental performance of nations with and without constitutional environmental protection using three comprehensive indices and three time-series.
Constitutional environmental protection is widespread—incorporated in 140 national constitutions—including 86 constitutions that explicitly recognize the right to a healthy environment. Common law nations lag behind civil law nations in this regard. Environmental rights also are recognized in four binding international agreements covering 115 nations in the Americas, Europe, Africa, and the Middle East.
Constitutionalizing the right to a healthy environment appears to have significant legal consequences. In 72 of 86 nations studied, national environmental laws were strengthened and incorporated environmental rights post-constitutionalization. In 50+ nations—spanning Latin America, Europe, Asia, and Africa—courts have enforced the right to a healthy environment. Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Costa Rica have pioneered simple and inexpensive judicial processes for protecting the right to a healthy environment. Increasingly, international courts and commissions are applying environmental rights in human rights cases.
In some nations, the constitutional right to a healthy environment appears to be contributing to: enhanced enforcement of environmental laws; a barrier to rollbacks in environmental law; greater government accountability; a level playing field with other rights; reduced environmental injustice; and improved access to information, public participation in decision-making, and access to justice.
Preliminary analysis suggests a positive relationship between environmental protection provisions in constitutions and environmental performance. Nations with constitutional environmental provisions have smaller ecological footprints, rank higher on comprehensive indices of environmental indicators, and reduced emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases faster than nations without such provisions. Additional quantitative research is needed to further explore the impact of constitutional provisions on environmental outcomes.
In conclusion, constitutionalizing environmental protection, particularly the right to a healthy environment, represents a potentially transformative act, capable of reconfiguring legal systems to place unprecedented priority on ecological sustainability.
33
Hall, Stacey L. "Effect of the Environment and Environmental Uncertainty on Ship Routes". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7352.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The United States Navy (USN) uses Optimal Track Ship Routing provided by ship routing officers (SRO) to aid in the safe transit of its ships. When a ship makes a transit, the ship provides the SRO an origin, a destination, and a date of departure, and the SRO will generate a route for the ship to proceed along. Avoiding severe weather is the most important consideration in determining the route. In addition to safe transit, the USN also focuses on fuel efficiency. In recent years, the meteorology and oceanography community has been providing more products that estimate the uncertainty in environmental forecasts. However, it is not known how much that uncertainty affects or should affect ship routing. This thesis explores the sensitivity and robustness of optimized ship routes generated by the Ship Track and Routing System optimizer to uncertainty in the environment.
34
Grubinger, Michael, e Felix Strohmeier. "AUTONOMOUS ACQUISITION OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA IN A GLOBAL NETWORK ENVIRONMENT". International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607597.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThis paper presents the results of a feasibility study undertaken by the University of Salzburg (Austria), investigating the autonomous acquisition of environmental data in a global network. A suggested application which is used as the basis of this paper is a volcano monitoring system which would be able to track the activity of a volcano and act as a disaster warning system. The background Volcano observation data required for such a system is covered, before discussing the concepts for sensor data acquisition, storage and processing. A final analysis is then presented of the opportunities for the transmission by packet radio (both terrestrial and satellite).
35
Jiang, Shirley. "MONEY AND THE ENVIRONMENT: CLIMATE LOBBYING AND FIRM ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1979.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the U.S. firms spend millions of dollars each year on climate lobbying. Climate lobbying is often seen as “dirty” firms lobbying against environmental regulations; however, my study reveals a subset of major climate lobbying contributors actually have positive environmental performance records. This paper analyzes the relationship between firm-level environmental performance indicators and climate lobbying expenditures. To explore this relationship, I combine a firm level climate lobbying expenditures dataset from the Center for Responsive Politics, financial measures from Compustat and CRSP, and environmental performance indicators from MSCI. My results indicate more climate lobbying among firms that derive substantial revenues from products and services with environmental benefits and those with proactive carbon emission reduction policies/technologies
36
Pearson, Zoe. "Environmental Security in the Ecuadorian Amazon: Waorani, Oil and Environment". The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1276785206.
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Wilson, Jodie Sarah Maria. "Environmental endocrine disruptors : their effects on the environment and health". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709860.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) can disrupt normal hormone signalling and production, and potentially contribute to a range of adverse effects on the environment and health. In vitro bioassay analysis was performed (mammalian reporter gene assays; RGAs) to assess the hormone receptor activity of common wastewater contaminants at environmentally relevant concentrations. The estrogenic enhancing capabilities of three parabens, 4-tert-octylphenol, carbamazepine and ketoconazole were identified; carbamazepine also disrupted glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transcriptional activity. In addition, RGAs were used, coupled with a high content analysis (HCA) assay, to investigate the potential for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to induce stress responses via disruption of the GR. PFOS, PFDA, BDE-47 and p,p’-DDE altered mammalian stress responses. HCA was also used to investigate chemically defined POP mixture induced toxicity on a liver cell model and successfully detected early signs of cellular stress. While it is important to understand and classify the effects of contaminants, it is also crucial to gain information about their presence in the environment. To this end a UPLC MS/MS method was developed to monitor fifteen common aquatic contaminants. Screening of wastewater treatment work effluent revealed 10 of the 15 contaminants were still detectable after WWTW treatment. Furthermore anthropogenic pollution was evident in the rural catchment rivers. These catchments also have the phenomenon of unexplained static biological water recovery. The prevalence of EDC activity was investigated using an effect-directed bioassay analysis approach. Areas of concern were highlighted (androgen receptor and GR antagonism). Furthermore a statistically significant association between GR antagonism and average score per taxon (ASPT) values (a measure of biological water quality) was highlighted for one catchment. The use of novel techniques as HCA can help advance knowledge on mixture effects due to the ability to incorporate multiple parameters. The ability to detect pre-lethal signs of cellular stress is important for risk assessment. Furthermore, this thesis shows the importance of constant and updated screening methods of environmental waters. The inclusion of bioassays for screening water samples gives valuable information which targeted methods are unable to provide.
38
David, Baylah 1942. "Addiction and environment: A test of restricted environmental stimulation therapy". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282129.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The research reported consists of the study of the application of Restricted Environmental Stimulation Therapy (REST), a form of sensory restriction, as a technique to supplement conventional outpatient treatment of alcohol and drug dependence in preventing relapse to substance abuse. Through a thorough review of the literature in several addictions, alcohol, drugs, tobacco, food, the proposition is put forth that there may be a neurological relationship between anomalous laterality, field dependency and addiction. By applying REST, a technique which has been already researched in the treatment of various forms of tobacco addiction and eating disorders, as a treatment to reinforce new found abstinence from alcohol and drug abuse, a test is made indirectly of the hypothesis that there is a commonality to the spectrum of addictions which is impacted by the application of 24 hours of sensory restriction. Thirty-one subjects, who had been enrolled for 3 to 8 weeks in outpatient treatment for alcohol and/or drug dependence, were recruited from several treatment programs in Tucson, Arizona, and participated in the study's pre-test. Through severe attrition a total of 12 subjects completed three questionnaires over a two month follow-up period. Of those, seven subjects, randomly selected, spent 24 hours in a soundproof, dark room. Five control subjects completed all questionnaires while participating in their pre-existing treatment programs. A disproportionate percentage of the twenty males completing the pretest were found to be mixed laterals while ten females reported an inordinate number of left-handed male relatives. Findings support the thesis that various addictions share a common neurological basis. Two months after the pre-test the treatment group reported having more confidence they would be able to resist the urge to use drugs than did the control group. Due to the small sample size, no other statistically significant effects of the REST treatment were found. In spite of that fact, results are promising in support of the thesis that REST is a viable tool in reinforcing abstinence from alcohol and drugs.
39
Lanegra, Quispe Iván Kriss. "Environmental damage in the General Environmental Law". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116482.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper looks at environmental damage definition stipulated by Peruvian General Environmental Law as well as its implications for the environmental policy development. It also outlines complexities involved identifying environmental damage as much as designing and implementing public policies according to Peruvian legislation processing.El presente ensayo analiza la definición de daño ambiental querecoge la Ley General del Ambiente, así como sus implicancias para el desarrollo de la política ambiental. Describe las complejidades presentes en la identificación del daño ambiental así como en el diseño y aplicación de las políticas públicas relacionadas a su tratamiento en la legislación peruana.
40
Ahmed, Mbaraka Abdallah. "Tackling environmental problems (national environmental commission) Tanzania". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10066.
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41
Oliveira, José Antônio Puppim de 1966. "Implementing environmental policies in Developing Countries : responding environmental impacts of tourism development by creating environmentally protected areas in Bahia, Brazil". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28231.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-155).
Governments have two apparently conflicting roles to play: promoter of economic development and protector of environmental quality. Economic development interests tend to have priority on most government agenda in developing countries, creating obstacles to the implementation of environmental protection policies. This trend can be reversed by introducing environmental protection concerns into the mainstream development agenda by decentralizing environmental policy implementation to development-oriented agencies. Government agencies often fail to implement environmental policies mainly because they lack political support, they have insufficient financial resources, they have not developed adequate institutional capacity, and they tend to overlook the importance of cooperation at the local level. However, the Bahia State government in Northeast Brazil was able to overcome all four of these obstacles in establishing environmentally protected areas (APAs) by introducing them into the mainstream development agenda, which was chiefly oriented toward tourism development. At the state level, a large number of APAs were created, primarily as the result of the decentralization of administrative authority among several state agencies, including development-oriented agencies linked to tourism development. This decentralization generated an apparently unintentional system of incentives for state agencies to implement APAs. The increased inter-agency competition for political control of protected areas improved the institutional capacity of each agency, and generated funds and political support at the state and local levels for APA implementation, overcoming the four obstacles. State agencies' actions were supervised by an independent oversight body, the state environmental council (CEPRAM), which had the power to interfere in the establishment of APAs and block development projects related to them. At the local level, seven case studies show that the involvement of state development agencies, and the local expectation of economic benefits from tourism, were important factors in preventing the usual local resistance to the establishment of APAs. In this context, three points determined the intensity of local political, financial, and institutional support for enforcing APA guidelines. First, APAs created as means of curbing already existent environmental problems caused by tourism or urban development mustered more local support than APAs created as environmental safeguards for public infrastructure projects. Second, APAs contained within a single municipality received more local support than APAs involving multiple municipalities. Third, the involvement of local actors at the early stages of the APA creation fostered local support for enforcement. From the lessons at the story at the state level, additional incentives to local institutions by a central authority linked to a politically independent system of checks-and-balances might improve implementation at the local level. The decentralization of environmental policy implementation to a range of development agencies can be an alternative to mainstreaming environmental concerns in the development agenda and achieving environmental protection goals. However, to make decentralization work, as my study in Bahia showed, central authorities should offer institutional incentives to decentralized agencies to ensure increased attention to environmental protection objectives in the development process; and at the same time, an independent body with oversight authority for both developmental and environmental actions should be in place to prevent development agencies from neglecting environmental concerns.
by José Antônio Puppim de Oliveira.
Ph.D.
42
Newlands, Maxine. "Environmental activism, environmental politics, and representation : the framing of the British environmental activist movement". Thesis, University of East London, 2013. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3046/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis explores the relationship between environmental activism, environmental politics and the mainstream media. In exploring the power relations between government, activists and the media, this work draws on Foucauldian theories of governmentality, power and space (heterotopia). The central hypothesis is that environmental politics has witnessed a shift in power away from activism and towards environmental governance and free-market economics, nestled in a media discourse that has depoliticised many environmental activist movements. Foucault’s theories on power, biopower and governmentality are combined with a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of newspaper reports and original empirical research derived from a focus group with environmental activists. The empirical data and analysis provides original knowledge on relations between environmental activists and journalists. The premise that economics has become the dominant solution to the detriment of environmental activism movements is argued through a historical analysis of advanced liberal governments’ role in creating new green markets and instruments (‘green governmentality’ in Luke’s terms). The shift towards green governmentality has been accompanied by an increased application of state measures, from legislation and surveillance, to conflating environmental activism with terrorism, and the neologism of eco-terrorism. Journalists reaffirm such governance, and the critical discourse analysis charts the shift from positive to negative reporting in the mainstream media. However, activists also contest such power relations through social and new media, alongside traditional repertoires of protest within the space of activism, to challenge such advanced liberal discourse, and bypass traditional media practices. As neoliberalism has increasingly become the main position in environmental politics, it places activism into a discourse of deviance. The activists’ movement counters this measure through new media, liminoid practices and repertoires of protest.
43
XU, Jing. "Essays on Environmental Economics: Environmental Compliance, Policy andGovernance". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96489.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Esta tesis doctoral estudia distintos problemas de economía medioambiental, con un énfasis en la regulacción medioambiental (incluyendo políticas, aplicación y gobernanza) y en su cumplimiento por parte de las empresas. Consta de tres capítulos, unidos por el tema de regulación ambiental, específicamente, la visión desde los niveles internacional, nacional y de empresa.
El primer capítulo estudia los acuerdos internacionales en materia de medio ambiente, siendo el aspecto innovador la toma en consideración de múltiples contaminantes con efectos correlaciondos y la secuencia de la negociación. Se muestra que una cooperación en la primera fase puede facilitar las negociaciones posteriores. Además, excepto para países simétricos, la secuencia de la negociación afecta a los resultados respecto a acuerdos, haciendo de la secuencia otro instrumento para aumentar la participación.
En el segundo capítulo se analiza, en un marco en que la política medioambiental viene predeterminada, cómo debería distribuirse el poder para imponer la aplicación de las normativas en una estructura de aplicación centralizada, descentralizada o mixta. El capítulo se relaciona con la literarura sobre federalismo ambiental al incorporar una nueva perspectiva sobre los problemas relacionados con el cumplimiento de las normativas. Los sacrificios que deben hacerse al elegir entre centralización y descentralización recaen en la internalización de externalidades negativas y la consideración de la heterogeneidad entre regiones. Además, si las preocupaciones ambientales locales y centrales no coinciden, podrían surgir contradicciones donde cada nivel jurisdiccional prefiere lo opuesto como estructura de aplicación superior.
En el tercer capítulo de la tesis me centro en otro aspecto del cumplimiento de las normativas medioambientales por parte de las empresas. Me centro en el estudio de cómo las características de una compañía, y en particular las de su gobierno corporativo, afectan al comportamiento de ésta con respecto al cumplimiento de la regulación medioambiental. Además del efecto disuasorio general de la regulación medioambiental, en este trabajo proporciono un nuevo aspecto que puede ayudar a entender la heterogeneidad que se observa en el comportamiento de las empresas en el terreno medioambiental. Propongo un modelo teórico que luego estudio empíricamente, y llego a la conclusión de que el impacto del gobierno de la compañía en el grado de cumplimiento con las normativa medioambiental presenta una forma funcional en U invertida, lo que explicaría que no se haya encontrado una relación significativa en la literatura empírica previa. Este hecho indica por tanto que además de las expectativas convencionales de que la mejora del gobierno corporativo debería reducir sus incumplimientos en materia medioambiental, puede darse también el efecto inverso.This doctoral thesis is generally on environmental economics, with a slight focus on environmental regulation (including policy, enforcement and governance) and firm’s compliance. It consists of three essays, linked by the theme of environmental governance, specifically, the governance on the international, national and firm level. The first essay studies international environmental agreement, with its innovation in taking into account multiple pollutants with correlation effect and the negotiation sequence. It turns out that a cooperation in the first stage can facilitate later negotiations. And except for symmetric countries, the negotiation agendas matters for the membership outcome, which makes the sequence another instrument to possibly enlarge the participations. In the second essay, it analyzes when the environmental policy is predetermined, how the enforcement power should be distributed under centralized, decentralized or a mixed enforcement structure. The chapter brings the environmental federalism literature to a new perspective of compliance problems. The tradeoff between centralization and decentralization lies in internalizing negative externalities and accounting for heterogeneity across regions. Besides, if the environmental concern of the central and local agencies does not coincide, disagreements may arise where each jurisdictional level prefers the opposite as to the superior enforcement structure. The research then shifts to the environmental governance within the firm level in the third essay. I study whether and how a firm’s characteristics, in particular its corporate governance, affect the environmental compliance behavior. Besides the general deterrent effect of environmental regulation, this essay provides a novel angle in explaining the heterogeneity of corporate environmental performance. By both theoretical and empirical means, I find that the impact of firm’s corporate control on the degree of environmental violation exhibits an inverse-U trend. The failure to discover a significant relationship in previous empirical literature can thereby be explained. Hence, additional to conventional expectation that an improvement of a firm’s corporate governance should lessen its environmental incompliance, the reverse effect can also take place.
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Castell, Alice. "Assessing the environmental efficacy of product environmental legislation". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412064.
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45
Zobel, Thomas. "Environmental management systems : policy implementation and environmental effects". Doctoral thesis, Luleå, 2005. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2005/32.
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46
唐詠賢 e Wing-yin Viola Tong. "The role of environmental audit in environmental management". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31252965.
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47
Asproudis, Ilias. "Essays on environmental economics and the environmental movement". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8487.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this thesis is to present and analyse the role of the environmental groups and the trade unions on the issue of the environmental protection through the economic methodology. The specific groups have strong connection with the environmental issue since the beginning of the environmental movement. However, the two groups stand on different positions in the market and in the society, therefore they have different objectives and different tools for the achievement of their targets. Following the groups' different characteristics, I analyse their targets and how these could influence the firms' technological choice, the level of the production, the profits and finally the level of the emissions released by the firms' production. In the second chapter, a deeper analysis on the behavior and the strategy of the environmental groups is provided in order to shed more light on their objectives from the beginning of the environmental movement. Following a review of the literature an analytical framework for studying targets or motivations of the environmental groups is analysed. Three interrelated factors which affect the strategy and the decisions of the group are identified; the group s size, their budget and the weight of impure altruism in their individual and collective objectives. A positive relation exists between the group s size and the financial contributions, and the interaction of the personal expectations with the collective objectives encourages and benefits the group s actions. In the third chapter following the experience from the real world, the participation of the environmental groups in the emissions trading system (ETS) is analysed. Concretely, a competition in an ETS as a game between two firms and environmental group is modelled. According to the results, there is a U-shape relationship between how polluting the chosen technology is and the degree of the environmentalists impure altruism. Firms choose a more polluting technology in the presence of the environmentalists than in their absence if they are characterised by a high enough degree of impure altruism. Finally, in the fourth chapter the influence of the trade unions on the firms' environmental technological choice is analysed. However, in addition to the literature and according to the real world experience the unions care for the environmental protection. Particularly, the decentralised structure is compared with the centralised structure under a Cournot duopoly. I conclude that the decentralised structure could always provide higher incentives to the firms for the adoption of a better (less polluting) technology. Furthermore, there is an inverse U-shape relation between the firm s emissions and the size of the market. Finally, the emissions could be less under the centralised case compared to the decentralised for relatively low market size.
48
Seraya, O. A. "Environmental-economy interaction within the environmental-economy system". Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17404.
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49
Tong, Wing-yin Viola. "The role of environmental audit in environmental management /". [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13918369.
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Wall, Glenda. "Representations of environment, themes in popular Canadian environmental discourse, 1960-1994". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0010/NQ34707.pdf.
Testo completo