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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Environmental resource mapping system"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 20 febbraio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Environmental resource mapping system"

Laflamme, André, e Roger J. Percy. "Sensitivity Mapping – With Flare! An Internet Approach to Environmental Mapping". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, n. 1 (1 aprile 2003): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-95.

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ABSTRACT During emergencies the ready availability of information on the location and vulnerability of resources at risk is crucial to a successful response and in preventing or minimizing further environmental impacts. Environment Canada, Atlantic Region, has developed over a number of years a computer based GIS mapping system for managing and analyzing environmental information. This stand-alone user friendly mapping application has recently moved to the web; allowing broader access by federal, provincial and industry partners in the spill response field. Enhancements have been made that facilitate better coordination and exchange of data among partners. It incorporates a unique shoreline classification system which can be viewed in concert with biological, human use and logistical data. It includes a spill logging function to manage situation reports, maps, resource summaries, photographs and trajectory model outputs. The system allows thematic layers to be displayed on either topographic maps or hydrographic charts and possesses links to other sites that allow real-time display of weather and ocean current data useful in a response. With an open architecture concept the web mapping system is readily modified; partners are able to digitize on-line and to update their own databases shared on the system. Mapped data for the northeastern United States is also included in the package to facilitate joint response to trans-boundary pollution incidents. Although this paper will highlight the unique features of the web mapping application for planning and responding to environmental emergencies, other partners are using the system for conducting environmental assessments, inland management projects, or planning for nuclear emergencies around the globe.

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Hughes, Kevin A., Peter Fretwell, Joanna Rae, Keith Holmes e Andrew Fleming. "Untouched Antarctica: mapping a finite and diminishing environmental resource". Antarctic Science 23, n. 6 (25 maggio 2011): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095410201100037x.

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AbstractGlobally, areas categorically known to be free of human visitation are rare, but still exist in Antarctica. Such areas may be among the most pristine locations remaining on Earth and, therefore, be valuable as baselines for future comparisons with localities impacted by human activities, and as sites preserved for scientific research using increasingly sophisticated future technologies. Nevertheless, unvisited areas are becoming increasingly rare as the human footprint expands in Antarctica. Therefore, an understanding of historical and contemporary levels of visitation at locations across Antarctica is essential to a) estimate likely cumulative environmental impact, b) identify regions that may have been impacted by non-native species introductions, and c) inform the future designation of protected areas under the Antarctic Treaty System. Currently, records of Antarctic tourist visits exist, but little detailed information is readily available on the spatial and temporal distribution of national governmental programme activities in Antarctica. Here we describe methods to fulfil this need. Using information within field reports and archive and science databases pertaining to the activities of the United Kingdom as an illustration, we describe the history and trends in its operational footprint in the Antarctic Peninsula since c. 1944. Based on this illustration, we suggest that these methodologies could be applied productively more generally.

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Puli, Jayasri, e Srilalitha Sagi. "Competency mapping building a competent workforce through human resource information system". Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences 43, n. 7 (3 ottobre 2022): 1885–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02522667.2022.2140261.

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Lavrenko, N. N. "Cartographical modelling of the ecological-resource potential of territory". Geobotanical mapping, n. 1996 (1997): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/geobotmap/1996.53.

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The multifacetous scientific activity of Victor B. Sochava has found reflection in the numerous contributions-monographs and cartographical works issued by him and his pupils during the 70–80s. Now they are represent a base for development of modern trends of thematic mapping including ecological ones. Ecological mapping involves the spatial reflection of various natural and technogenic structures and their relationships. The cartographical modelling of territory potential is referred to this set of problems. Modelling in this aspect represents the désintégration of complex natural systems through classification and formalization into simple inner elements. Concerning the resources we have to bear in mind renewed and interconnected components of nature (forest, soil, water). This problem is subdivided into a number of tasks, namely: 1. determination of functions and characters of interconnected resources; 2. modelling of environmental and row material ecological functions of resources; 3. subdivision of space into territorial ecosystems; 4. classification, formalization, normalization and construction of the resource potential of ecosystems. System transformation of basic theoretical principles, formulated by V. Sochava, enables ecological map to design and to model various states of resource potential of territory. Solving the problem of cartographic modelling of ecological-resource potential of territory one have to seek for universal territorial ecosystem. Such unit is a drainage basin. The privilege to deal with ecosystem of water-drainage basin lays in possibility of limit determination, analysis of interconnected resources (forest, soil, water) by means of objective models or «black box» model. The new ideas appear: concrete drainage basin represents a spatialnon renewal recourse: results of management may be estimated on the ecosystem exit. At the same time theoretical and practical experience in the mapping of all nature environment and economy components can be applied to the drainage basin ecosystems.

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Sharma, Sanjeev, e Luxmi Malodia. "Competency mapping: Building a competent workforce through Competency-Based Human Resource Information System". Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences 43, n. 7 (3 ottobre 2022): 1749–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02522667.2022.2128530.

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Franklin, Janet. "Predictive vegetation mapping: geographic modelling of biospatial patterns in relation to environmental gradients". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 19, n. 4 (dicembre 1995): 474–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339501900403.

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Predictive vegetation mapping can be defined as predicting the geographic distribution of the vegetation composition across a landscape from mapped environmental variables. Comput erized predictive vegetation mapping is made possible by the availability of digital maps of topography and other environmental variables such as soils, geology and climate variables, and geographic information system software for manipulating these data. Especially important to predictive vegetation mapping are interpolated climatic variables related to physiological tolerances, and topographic variables, derived from digital elevation grids, related to site energy and moisture balance. Predictive vegetation mapping is founded in ecological niche theory and gradient analysis, and driven by the need to map vegetation patterns over large areas for resource conservation planning, and to predict the effects of environmental change on vegetation distributions. Predictive vegetation mapping has advanced over the past two decades especially in conjunction with the development of remote sensing-based vegetation mapping and digital geographic information analysis. A number of statistical and, more recently, machine-learning methods have been used to develop and implement predictive vegetation models.

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Cai, Tao, Jaap van de Beek, Jad Nasreddine, Marina Petrova e Petri Mähönen. "A TD-LTE Prototype System with Modules for General-Purpose Cognitive Resource Management and Radio-Environmental Mapping". International Journal of Wireless Information Networks 18, n. 3 (28 giugno 2011): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10776-011-0153-1.

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Hayes, Miles O., Jacqueline Michel, Jeffrey A. Dahlin e Kenneth Barton. "IDENTIFYING AND MAPPING SENSITIVE RESOURCES FOR INLAND AREA PLANNING". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, n. 1 (1 febbraio 1995): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-365.

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ABSTRACT The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is required to evaluate oil storage facilities to determine (1) which should be defined as those that could cause “significant and substantial harm” to environmentally sensitive areas in the event of a release, and (2) the appropriateness of facility response plans in addressing potential environmental threats. Accordingly, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has been assisting USEPA in developing guidelines, data structures, and maps for sensitive resource assessment using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. The recommended approach for developing sensitivity maps and databases include a shoreline-habitat mapping technique used for estuarine, lacustrine, and large river settings. Shoreline type is mapped and ranked on a scale of 1 to 10, from least to most sensitive to oil spill impacts. A watershed approach is used to differentiate among small rivers and streams. Stream reaches are mapped according to a system that relates oil behavior and effects to stream characteristics, such as gradient, discharge, and water turbulence. Data on sensitive biological and human-use resources include both spatial and temporal components. The focus is on water-associated species, riparian vegetation, and all wetland types, not just threatened and endangered species. Standardized formats for hard copy maps and screen presentation will facilitate use by response organizations.

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R. Smith, Brittny, e Stuart J. Macdonald. "Dissecting the Genetic Basis of Variation in Drosophila Sleep Using a Multiparental QTL Mapping Resource". Genes 11, n. 3 (11 marzo 2020): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11030294.

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There is considerable variation in sleep duration, timing and quality in human populations, and sleep dysregulation has been implicated as a risk factor for a range of health problems. Human sleep traits are known to be regulated by genetic factors, but also by an array of environmental and social factors. These uncontrolled, non-genetic effects complicate powerful identification of the loci contributing to sleep directly in humans. The model system, Drosophila melanogaster, exhibits a behavior that shows the hallmarks of mammalian sleep, and here we use a multitiered approach, encompassing high-resolution QTL mapping, expression QTL data, and functional validation with RNAi to investigate the genetic basis of sleep under highly controlled environmental conditions. We measured a battery of sleep phenotypes in >750 genotypes derived from a multiparental mapping panel and identified several, modest-effect QTL contributing to natural variation for sleep. Merging sleep QTL data with a large head transcriptome eQTL mapping dataset from the same population allowed us to refine the list of plausible candidate causative sleep loci. This set includes genes with previously characterized effects on sleep and circadian rhythms, in addition to novel candidates. Finally, we employed adult, nervous system-specific RNAi on the Dopa decarboxylase, dyschronic, and timeless genes, finding significant effects on sleep phenotypes for all three. The genes we resolve are strong candidates to harbor causative, regulatory variation contributing to sleep.

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Hu, Zhixi, Yi Zhu, Xiaoying Chen e Yu Zhao. "Safety Verification of Driving Resource Occupancy Rules Based on Functional Language". Future Internet 14, n. 2 (17 febbraio 2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14020060.

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Autonomous driving is a safety-critical system, and the occupancy of its environmental resources affects the safety of autonomous driving. In view of the lack of safety verification of environmental resource occupation rules in autonomous driving, this paper proposes a verification method of automatic driving model based on functional language through CSPM. Firstly, the modeling and verification framework of an autopilot model based on CSPM is given. Secondly, the process algebra definition of CSPM is given. Thirdly, the typical single loop environment model in automatic driving is abstracted, and the mapping method from automatic driving model to CSP is described in detail for the automatic driving environment and the typical collision, overtaking, lane change and other scenes involved. Finally, the autopilot model of the single loop is mapped to CSPM, and the application effect of this method is discussed by using FDR tool. Experiments show that this method can verify the safety of autonomous driving resources, thereby improving the reliability of the autonomous driving model.

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Tesi sul tema "Environmental resource mapping system"

Hall, Bryan, University of Western Sydney, Faculty of Science and Technology e School of Science. "A review of the environmental resource mapping system and a proof that it is impossible to write a general algorithm for analysing interactions between organisms distributed at locations described by a locationally linked database and physical properties recorded within the database". THESIS_FST_SS_Hall_B.xml, 1994. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/750.

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The Environmental Resource Mapping System (E-RMS) is a geographic information system (GIS) that is used by the National Parks and Wildlife Service to assist in management of national parks. The package is available commercially from the Service and is used by other government departments for environmental management. E-RMS has also been present in Australian Universities and used for academic work for a number of years. This thesis demonstrates that existing procedures for product quality and performance have not been followed in the production of the package and that the package and therefore much of the work undertaken with the package is fundamentally flawed. The E-RMS software contains and produces a number of serious mistakes. Several problems are identified and discussed in this thesis. As a result of the shortcomings, the author recommends that an enquiry be conducted to investigate *1/ The technical feasibility of each project for which the E-RMS package has been used; *2/ The full extent and consequences of the failings inherent with the package; and *3/ The suitability of the E-RMS GIS package for the purposes for which it is sold. Australian Standard 3898 requires that the purpose, functions and limitations of consumer software shall be described. To comply with this standard, users of the E-RMS package would have to be informed of several factors related to it. These are discussed in the research. Failure to consider the usefulness and extractable nature of information in any GIS database will inevitably lead to problems that may endanger the phenomena that the GIS is designed to protect.
Master of Applied Science (Environmental Science)

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Anderson, Madison Lee. "Are we on the same page? Informing adaptive management of outdoor rock climbing using document analysis and cognitive mapping". The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1619137676375621.

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Alaibakhsh, Masoomeh. "Digital change detection and separation of anthropogenic and natural impacts on ecohydrological conditions in the Pilbara region, WA". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2017. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1951.

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A deficiency in crucial digital data, such as vegetation cover, in remote regions is a challenging issue for sustainable water management and planning, especially for areas undergoing rapid development, such as mining in the Pilbara, Western Australia. This is particularly relevant to Inflow and Groundwater Dependent Vegetation (IGDVs) (riparian vegetation and groundwater dependent vegetation) which provide important ecological services and, as such, require regional protection. However, such invaluable assets experience changes over time due to either human activities such as land development or natural phenomena such as climate change or fire events. The main objectives of this research was to 1) advance an approach to delineate inflow dependent ecosystems at a local scale; 2) adopt it to map the assets at regional scale using remotely sensed data (Landsat 5 TM imagery due to its appropriate temporal and spatial resolution for historical studies, 1986-2011), ground-truth data and available information such as reports, digital layer and climate data; 3) develop a method for identification and quantitative assessment of IGDVs changes and attribution of the changes to particular impacts or stressors, and 4) apply the developed change detection method to investigate and evaluate impacts of an adopted water resource management options on inflow dependent assets in the Pilbara. Outcomes of the research exposed that the proposed delineation method allowed production of accurate inflow dependent ecosystems maps for the Pilbara bioregion. The change detection method was also effective in detecting various spatial and temporal scales of changes and separating anthropogenic and natural impacts. It was further discovered that climate has had significant impacts on the assets of the area. The finding and information produced from this research is capable to aid government, industry and communities to consider the environmental, social, cultural and economic aspects of the sustainable use, development and management of land and water resources in arid and semiarid Pilbara, WA and areas with similar ecohydrological conditions. Four papers were prepared from the research, two are published and two are under review.

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Kittusamy, Kannakumar. "Dependable system architecture for businesses : analysis of an enterprise resource planning system". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35118.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006.
Page 128 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-127).
This thesis defines the concept of Dependable System Architecture (DSA), evaluation criteria for DSAs and applies those criteria to evaluate SAP, a leading ERP system. The evaluation criteria employ system frameworks, concepts, tools, components and methodologies. During the process of evaluation, this thesis touches upon many different architectural evaluations such as technical, operational, implementation and service and support. Finally, this thesis concludes whether SAP provides Dependable System Architecture for businesses.
by Kannakumar Kittusamy.
S.M.

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Drew, Christina H. "The decision mapping system : promoting transparency of long-term environmental decisions at Hanford /". Thesis, Connect to materials related to this title online, 2002. http://nalu.geog.washington.edu/dms.

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Beall, Allyson Marie. "Participatory environmental modeling and system dynamics integrating natural resource science and social concerns /". Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2007/a_beall_2111907.pdf.

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Al-Hargan, Ali Abdulla Qassim Khamis. "Creation of a coastal zone information system for Qatar using remote sensing and GIS". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241793.

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Wood, Richard, Konstantin Stadler, Moana Simas, Tatyana Bulavskaya, Stefan Giljum, Franz Stephan Lutter e Arnold Tukker. "Growth in Environmental Footprints and Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Resource Efficiency Indicators from EXIOBASE3". Wiley, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12735.

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Most countries show a relative decoupling of economic growth from domestic resource use, implying increased resource efficiency. However, international trade facilitates the exchange of products between regions with disparate resource productivity. Hence, for an understanding of resource efficiency from a consumption perspective that takes into account the impacts in the upstream supply chains, there is a need to assess the environmental pressures embodied in trade. We use EXIOBASE3, a new multiregional input-output database, to examine the rate of increase in resource efficiency, and investigate the ways in which international trade contributes to the displacement of pressures on the environment from the consumption of a population. We look at the environmental pressures of energy use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, material use, water use, and land use. Material use stands out as the only indicator growing in both absolute and relative terms to population and gross domestic product (GDP), while land use is the only indicator showing absolute decoupling from both references. Energy, GHG, and water use show relative decoupling. As a percentage of total global environmental pressure, we calculate the net impact displaced through trade rising from 23% to 32% for material use (1995¿2011), 23% to 26% for water use, 20% to 29% for energy use, 20% to 26% for land use, and 19% to 24% for GHG emissions. The results show a substantial disparity between trade-related impacts for Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and non-OECD countries. At the product group level, we observe the most rapid growth in environmental footprints in clothing and footwear. The analysis points to implications for future policies aiming to achieve environmental targets, while fully considering potential displacement effects through international trade.

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Haydu, Kristie. "Mapping Plant Biodiversity Hotspots at the County Scale: A New Tool for Establishing Resource Conservation Strategies". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/749.

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Myers first identified the world’s 25 biodiversity hotspots and pioneered innovative ideas about the usefulness of biodiversity models for establishing long-term resource conservation strategies at global scales. Since Myers, most of the subsequent studies using hotspot science for biodiversity modeling have used large spatial scales like countries, provinces or states, and other biogeoraphic regions. The California Floristic Province continues to be one of the recognized global biodiversity hotspots. Our study site, San Luis Obispo County is within this hotspot and we created a map of plant biodiversity hotspots at the county scale using GIS technology. We wanted to determine the effectiveness and applicability of biodiversity hotspot mapping at this scale with anticipation that the map will serve as a new tool for establishing long-term resource conservation strategies in the County. Our plant biodiversity hotspot map is based on distribution data collected from herbarium specimens of San Luis Obispo County’s rare flora. These data were extracted from the Hoover Herbarium at Cal Poly and manually digitized into GIS. We built a model with GIS to identify, locate, and quantify the resultant hotspots from the data. The overall approach was successful at identifying and quantifying the attributes and geographic extents of plant biodiversity hotspots at the county scale. Our results are highly applicable for establishing local and regional plant conservation priorities at lower resolutions, which is frequently where land acquisition and reserve establishment occurs. We conclude that biodiversity hotspot modeling with GIS is an effective tool that can be applied to many other finer-scale biological inventories for conservation purposes.

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Gayen, Neela. "Automatic parallelization of stream programs for resource efficient embedded processors". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/213058/1/Neela_Gayen_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis considers how to exploit the specific characteristics of data streaming functions and multi-core processors to increase throughput through appropriate software process mappings. The hypothesis is that large numbers of low-power processors can achieve high throughput for streaming applications if a good mapping is provided. The innovation is to use compilation principles to guide the mapping, rather than heuristics. Three increasingly complex approaches are developed that focus on computational bottlenecks, then adds communication overheads, and lastly adds the costs of splitting and merging operations. Using this approach demonstrates that the successively more complex models can achieve correspondingly greater throughput.

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Libri sul tema "Environmental resource mapping system"

Nelson, J. G. Aishihik Lake resource survey: Institutional aspects. Waterloo, Ont: President's Committee on Northern Studies, University of Waterloo, 1986.

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Nelson, J. G. Keele Peak resource survey: Institutional aspects. Waterloo, Ont: President's Committee on Northern Studies, University of Waterloo, 1989.

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Swinson, Virginia. Application of the ABC resource survey method to Presqu'ile Provincial Park, Ontario. Waterloo, Ont: Heritage Resources Centre, University of Waterloo, 1987.

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Swinson, Virginia. Application of the ABC resource survey method to Presqu'ile Provincial Park, Ontario. Waterloo, Ont: Heritage Resources Centre, University of Waterloo, 1987.

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Sustainable Management of Resources in the Lower Mekong Basin Project. MekongInfo: Regional information system on participatory natural resource management. 2^a ed. Hanoi, Vietnam: SMRP, 2000.

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Mark, Peterson. Application of the ABC resource survey method to the Mohawk Lake and canal area, Brantford, Ontario. Waterloo, Ont: Heritage Resources Centre, University of Waterloo, 1988.

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United States. Bureau of Land Management. Geo-positioning selection guide: A reference to select systems and techniques for obtaining and mapping natural resources or cultural data. [Chyenne, WY]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, 1993.

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Momberg, Frank. Drawing on local knowledge: A community mapping training manual : case studies from Indonesia. Jakarta: Ford Foundation, 1996.

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North Carolina. State Center for Geographic Information & Analysis. A standard classification system for the mapping of land use and land cover. Raleigh, NC: The Center, 1994.

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Statistics Canada. National Accounts and Environment Division. Concepts, sources and methods of the Canadian System of Environmental and Resource Accounts. Ottawa, Ont: Statistics Canada, 1997.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Environmental resource mapping system"

Kanwar, Nidhi, Sumit Rai e Jagdish Chandra Kuniyal. "Open-Source Satellite Repository and Geographic Information System (GIS) for Soil Resource Mapping". In Environmental Science and Engineering, 3–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09270-1_1.

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Stepnowski, Andrzej, Massimo Azzali, Janusz Burczyñski, Jacek Lenkiewicz, Andrzej Partyka e Marek Moszyñski. "A Portable Acoustic Mapping/Imaging System for Assessing and Monitoring of Aquatic Resources and Environmental Parameters". In Acoustical Imaging, 619–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8772-3_100.

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Shi, Yingjie, Xiang Wang, Wei Wang, Huayun Zhang e Shusong Jiang. "Implementation and Application of Embedded Real-Time Database for New Power Intelligent Terminal". In Proceeding of 2021 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications, 711–20. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2456-9_72.

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AbstractAn implementation method of embedded real-time database is proposed. The lightweight high matching of power model is realized through tree structure. The resource consumption of real-time database in embedded device environment is reduced by means of separated storage and non independent process deployment. The efficient access of measuring point data is realized through internal mapping rules and improved breadth first search algorithm. Experiments show that the embedded real-time database realized by this method has good performance and low energy consumption, and is suitable for intelligent terminal equipment in new power system.

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Mwanza, Mabvuto, e Koray Ulgen. "GIS-Based Assessment of Solar Energy Harvesting Sites and Electricity Generation Potential in Zambia". In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_60-1.

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AbstractLand and environment are some of limited nature resource for any particular country and requires best use. Therefore, for sustainable energy generation it is often important to maximize land use and avoid or minimize environmental and social impact when selecting the potential locations for solar energy harvesting. This chapter presents an approach for identifying and determining the potential sites and available land areas for solar energy harvesting. Hence, the restricting and enhancing parameters that influence sites selection based on international regulation have been imposed to the Laws of Zambia on environmental protection and pollution control legislative framework. Thus, both international regulations and local environmental protection and pollution control legislative have been used for identifying the potential sites and evaluating solar PV electricity generation potential in these potential sites. The restricting parameters were applied to reduce territory areas to feasible potential sites and available areas that are suitable for solar energy harvesting. The assessment involved two different models: firstly the assessment of potential sites and mapping using GIS, and secondly, evaluation of the available suitable land areas and feasible solar PV electricity generation potential in each provinces using analytical methods. The total available suitable area of the potential sites is estimated at 82,564.601 km2 representing 10.97% of Zambia’s total surface area. This potential is equivalent to 10,240.73 TWh annual electricity generation potential with potential to reduce CO2 emissions in the nation and achieve SDGs. The identification of potential sites and solar energy will help improve the understanding of the potential solar energy can contribute to achieving sustainable national energy mix in Zambia. Furthermore, it will help the government in setting up tangible energy targets and effective integration of solar PV systems into national energy mix.

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Mwanza, Mabvuto, e Koray Ulgen. "GIS-Based Assessment of Solar Energy Harvesting Sites and Electricity Generation Potential in Zambia". In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 899–946. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_60.

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Brander, Luke M., Florian V. Eppink, Philipp Schägner, Pieter J. H. van Beukering e Alfred Wagtendonk. "GIS-Based Mapping of Ecosystem Services: The Case of Coral Reefs". In Benefit Transfer of Environmental and Resource Values, 465–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9930-0_20.

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Liu, Yujie, e Jie Chen. "Mapping Global Population Changes". In Atlas of Global Change Risk of Population and Economic Systems, 87–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6691-9_5.

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AbstractThe increase in greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activities is considered as the main cause of global warming (Stocker et al. 2013). The rapid growth of population and economic activities in the twentieth century has brought unprecedented pressure on climate and the environment, and population has become an important topic in climate change research (Min et al. 2011; Diaz and Moore 2017; Forzieri et al. 2017). Accurate and robust predictions of population size and spatial distribution will help to assess the impact of climate change on socioeconomic development, human health, and resource demand and distribution, and provide a scientific basis for designing strategies to control greenhouse gas emissions and developing mitigation and adaptation policies (Lutz and Kc 2011; Field et al. 2014; Gerland et al. 2014).

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Ekins, Paul. "System Innovation for Environmental Sustainability: Concepts, Policies and Political Economy". In International Economics of Resource Efficiency, 51–88. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2601-2_3.

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Castelletti, Andrea, Francesca Pianosi e Rodolfo Soncini-Sessa. "Stochastic and Robust Control of Water Resource Systems: Concepts, Methods and Applications". In System Identification, Environmental Modelling, and Control System Design, 383–401. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-974-1_19.

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La, Hien Phu, e Quan Van Ngo. "Application of Convolution Neural Network for Rapid Flood Mapping Using Sentinel-1 Imagery—A Case Study in Central Region of Vietnam". In Advances in Research on Water Resources and Environmental Systems, 431–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17808-5_26.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Environmental resource mapping system"

Suo, Chen, Eugene McGovern e Alan Gilmer. "UAV Data for Coastal Dune Mapping". In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.245.

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High resolution topographic maps are critical for the development of rigorous and quantitative numerical simulation landscape models. These models can inform targeted land management actions that maintain biodiversity and ecological functions. Mapping functional vegetation communities to obtain accurate distribution and population estimates is an important element of landscape models and is a challenging task which requires a considerable investment in time and resources. A recent development in surveying technologies, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV’s), also known as drones, has enabled high resolution and high accuracy ground-based data to be gathered quickly and easily on-site. The application of UAV’s represents a new opportunity to survey relatively large areas in significantly less time compared to other on-site surveying methods, including GPS, robotic total stations and terrestrial laser scanners. The objective of this research is to use UAV technology to create topographical and vegetation mapping of coastal dune complexes with particular reference to the Brittas-Buckroney dune complex in Co. Wicklow. As the area of study site was about 60 hectares, it was divided into three sections, North, Centre and South. This paper presents the five steps to achieve the objective, setting ground control points, making an autonomous flight plan, flying the UAV for data collection, data processing and result analysis via ArcGIS. The final result, processed by specific software PIX4D, was a topographical map of the study site in the Irish Transverse Mercator coordinate system, with a resolution of 0.125 m and Root-Mean-Square (RMS) error 0.050 m. In conclusion, UAV technology provides new possibilities for mapping as it maximizes improvement of the data quality while reducing the investment in time and labour.

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Ruopu Li e Lin Zhao. "Vadose zone mapping using geographic information systems and geostatistics a case study in the Elkhorn River Basin, Nebraska, USA". In 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893555.

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Napier, Scott R., Bill Brown e Shannon Frey. "APPLICATION OF AN INNOVATIVE AEM SYSTEM FOR MAPPING HAZARDS AND WATER RESOURCES IN OIL AND GAS FIELDS". In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/sageep.28-044.

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Wang, Lei, e Qiuming Cheng. "Web-based hydrological modeling system for flood forecasting and risk mapping". In Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Monitoring and Assessment of Natural Resources and Environments, a cura di Lin Liu, Xia Li, Kai Liu, Xinchang Zhang e Yong Lao. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.812986.

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Bahaddin, Babak, Ali Mirchi, David Watkins, Sajjad Ahmad, Eliot Rich e Kaveh Madani. "System Archetypes in Water Resource Management". In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481400.012.

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Jiao Cuicui, Zhou Demin, Li Na e Li Shanghua. "Uncertainty in mapping of typical wetland plants using remote sensing images". In 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893518.

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Merhoff, Paul, Brent Dellinger, Shawn Taggart e John Cornwell. "Space Station Freedom Resource Nodes Internal Thermal Control System". In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/932148.

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Ozdemir, Phillip. "Airborne lidar system for pollution detection and mapping". In Optical Sensing for Environmental and Process Monitoring, a cura di Joseph Leonelli, Dennis K. Killinger, William Vaughan e Michael G. Yost. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.205573.

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Serio, Michael, Erik Kroo, Elizabeth Florczak, Marek Wójtowicz, Kanapathipillai Wignarajah, Kevin Howard e John Fisher. "A Hybrid Pyrolysis / Oxidation System for Solid Waste Resource Recovery". In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-2380.

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Sogade, John, Yervant Vichabian, Amy Vandiver, Philip Reppert e Frank Dale Morgan. "Electromagnetic Cave‐to‐Surface Mapping System". In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 1999. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.2922621.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Environmental resource mapping system"

Callaghan, Caitlin, Matthew Bigl, Brandon Booker, Kyle Elliott, Paulina Lintsai, Marissa Torres, Kathryn Trubac e Jacqueline Willan. Energy Atlas—mapping energy-related data for DoD lands in Alaska : Phase 1—assembling the data and designing the tool. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), ottobre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42226.

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The U.S. Army is the largest Department of Defense (DoD) land user in Alaska, including remote areas only accessible by air, water, or wintertime ice roads. Understanding where energy resources and related infrastructure exist on and adjacent to DoD installations and training lands can help in-form Army decision-makers, especially in remote locations like Alaska. The Energy Atlas–Alaska provides a value-added resource to support decision-making for investments in infrastructure and diligent energy management, helping Army installations become more resilient and sustainable. The Energy Atlas–Alaska utilizes spatial information and provides a consistent GIS (geographic information system) framework to access and examine energy and related resource data such as energy resource potential, energy corridors, and environmental information. The database can be made accessible to DoD and its partners through an ArcGIS-based user interface that provides effective visualization and functionality to support analysis and to inform DoD decision-makers. The Energy Atlas–Alaska helps DoD account for energy in contingency planning, acquisition, and life-cycle requirements and ensures facilities can maintain operations in the face of disruption.

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Corriveau, L., J. F. Montreuil, O. Blein, E. Potter, M. Ansari, J. Craven, R. Enkin et al. Metasomatic iron and alkali calcic (MIAC) system frameworks: a TGI-6 task force to help de-risk exploration for IOCG, IOA and affiliated primary critical metal deposits. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329093.

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Australia's and China's resources (e.g. Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag and Bayan Obo REE deposits) highlight how discovery and mining of iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG), iron oxide±apatite (IOA) and affiliated primary critical metal deposits in metasomatic iron and alkali-calcic (MIAC) mineral systems can secure a long-term supply of critical metals for Canada and its partners. In Canada, MIAC systems comprise a wide range of undeveloped primary critical metal deposits (e.g. NWT NICO Au-Co-Bi-Cu and Québec HREE-rich Josette deposits). Underexplored settings are parts of metallogenic belts that extend into Australia and the USA. Some settings, such as the Camsell River district explored by the Dene First Nations in the NWT, have infrastructures and 100s of km of historic drill cores. Yet vocabularies for mapping MIAC systems are scanty. Ability to identify metasomatic vectors to ore is fledging. Deposit models based on host rock types, structural controls or metal associations underpin the identification of MIAC-affinities, assessment of systems' full mineral potential and development of robust mineral exploration strategies. This workshop presentation reviews public geoscience research and tools developed by the Targeted Geoscience Initiative to establish the MIAC frameworks of prospective Canadian settings and global mining districts and help de-risk exploration for IOCG, IOA and affiliated primary critical metal deposits. The knowledge also supports fundamental research, environmental baseline assessment and societal decisions. It fulfills objectives of the Canadian Mineral and Metal Plan and the Critical Mineral Mapping Initiative among others. The GSC-led MIAC research team comprises members of the academic, private and public sectors from Canada, Australia, Europe, USA, China and Dene First Nations. The team's novel alteration mapping protocols, geological, mineralogical, geochemical and geophysical framework tools, and holistic mineral systems and petrophysics models mitigate and solve some of the exploration and geosciences challenges posed by the intricacies of MIAC systems. The group pioneers the use of discriminant alteration diagrams and barcodes, the assembly of a vocab for mapping and core logging, and the provision of field short courses, atlas, photo collections and system-scale field, geochemical, rock physical properties and geophysical datasets are in progress to synthesize shared signatures of Canadian settings and global MIAC mining districts. Research on a metamorphosed MIAC system and metamorphic phase equilibria modelling of alteration facies will provide a foundation for framework mapping and exploration of high-grade metamorphic terranes where surface and near surface resources are still to be discovered and mined as are those of non-metamorphosed MIAC systems.

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White, H. P., W. Chen e S G Leblanc. Satellite observations for detection of dust from mining activities in a caribou habitat, Northwest Territories and Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330548.

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Diamond mining via open pit mining has been ongoing within the Tlicho region of the Northwest Territories for several decades, which includes the habitat range of the Bathurst Caribou Herd. This has led to the importance of quantitative characterization of the Zone Of Influence (ZOI), where resource development activities may be influencing the natural behaviour of the caribou herd in the tundra environment. As part of better defining and understanding the ZOI in this region, an initiative to evaluate the potential of detecting and mapping mine waste rock dust in the surrounding environment is explored. This dust has been shown to coat foliage near roads, influencing the acidity levels of the surficial soil layer and impacting the foliage distribution. To this end, field spectrometry was acquired at various distances from road ways. Satellite imagery from the Proba-1 CHRIS hyperspectral sensor and the multi-spectral Sentinel-2a system were also acquired of the region. This presentation presents the initial spectral analysis pursued to evaluate the potential to remotely spectrally detect waste rock dust material used in road construction in the surrounding tundra vegetation. Initial analysis of the Proba-1 CHRIS hyperspectral imagery shows spectral indicators of fugitive dust and waste rock easily detects the road and suggests detectable dust concentration above ambient up to a distance of under 1km from the road.

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Huntley, D., D. Rotheram-Clarke, R. Cocking, J. Joseph e P. Bobrowsky. Current research on slow-moving landslides in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (IMOU 5170 annual report). Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331175.

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Interdepartmental Memorandum of Understanding (IMOU) 5170 between Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN), the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) and Transport Canada Innovation Centre (TC-IC) aims to gain new insight into slow-moving landslides, and the influence of climate change, through testing conventional and emerging monitoring technologies. IMOU 5107 focuses on strategically important sections of the national railway network in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (BC), and the Assiniboine River valley along the borders of Manitoba (MN) and Saskatchewan (SK). Results of this research are applicable elsewhere in Canada (e.g., the urban-rural-industrial landscapes of the Okanagan Valley, BC), and around the world where slow-moving landslides and climate change are adversely affecting critical socio-economic infrastructure. Open File 8931 outlines landslide mapping and changedetection monitoring protocols based on the successes of IMOU 5170 and ICL-IPL Project 202 in BC. In this region, ice sheets, glaciers, permafrost, rivers and oceans, high relief, and biogeoclimatic characteristics contribute to produce distinctive rapid and slow-moving landslide assemblages that have the potential to impact railway infrastructure and operations. Bedrock and drift-covered slopes along the transportation corridors are prone to mass wasting when favourable conditions exist. In high-relief mountainous areas, rapidly moving landslides include rock and debris avalanches, rock and debris falls, debris flows and torrents, and lahars. In areas with moderate to low relief, rapid to slow mass movements include rockslides and slumps, debris or earth slides and slumps, and earth flows. Slow-moving landslides include rock glaciers, rock and soil creep, solifluction, and lateral spreads in bedrock and surficial deposits. Research efforts lead to a better understanding of how geological conditions, extreme weather events and climate change influence landslide activity along the national railway corridor. Combining field-based landslide investigation with multi-year geospatial and in-situ time-series monitoring leads to a more resilient railway national transportation network able to meet Canada's future socioeconomic needs, while ensuring protection of the environment and resource-based communities from landslides related to extreme weather events and climate change. InSAR only measures displacement in the east-west orientation, whereas UAV and RTK-GNSS change-detection surveys capture full displacement vectors. RTK-GNSS do not provide spatial coverage, whereas InSAR and UAV surveys do. In addition, InSAR and UAV photogrammetry cannot map underwater, whereas boat-mounted bathymetric surveys reveal information on channel morphology and riverbed composition. Remote sensing datasets, consolidated in a geographic information system, capture the spatial relationships between landslide distribution and specific terrain features, at-risk infrastructure, and the environmental conditions expected to correlate with landslide incidence and magnitude. Reliable real-time monitoring solutions for critical railway infrastructure (e.g., ballast, tracks, retaining walls, tunnels, and bridges) able to withstand the harsh environmental conditions of Canada are highlighted. The provision of fundamental geoscience and baseline geospatial monitoring allows stakeholders to develop robust risk tolerance, remediation, and mitigation strategies to maintain the resilience and accessibility of critical transportation infrastructure, while also protecting the natural environment, community stakeholders, and Canadian economy. We propose a best-practice solution involving three levels of investigation to describe the form and function of the wide range of rapid and slow-moving landslides occurring across Canada that is also applicable elsewhere. Research activities for 2022 to 2025 are presented by way of conclusion.

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Wells, Aaron, Tracy Christopherson, Gerald Frost, Matthew Macander, Susan Ives, Robert McNown e Erin Johnson. Ecological land survey and soils inventory for Katmai National Park and Preserve, 2016–2017. National Park Service, settembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287466.

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This study was conducted to inventory, classify, and map soils and vegetation within the ecosystems of Katmai National Park and Preserve (KATM) using an ecological land survey (ELS) approach. The ecosystem classes identified in the ELS effort were mapped across the park, using an archive of Geo-graphic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) datasets pertaining to land cover, topography, surficial geology, and glacial history. The description and mapping of the landform-vegetation-soil relationships identified in the ELS work provides tools to support the design and implementation of future field- and RS-based studies, facilitates further analysis and contextualization of existing data, and will help inform natural resource management decisions. We collected information on the geomorphic, topographic, hydrologic, pedologic, and vegetation characteristics of ecosystems using a dataset of 724 field plots, of which 407 were sampled by ABR, Inc.—Environmental Research and Services (ABR) staff in 2016–2017, and 317 were from existing, ancillary datasets. ABR field plots were located along transects that were selected using a gradient-direct sampling scheme (Austin and Heligers 1989) to collect data for the range of ecological conditions present within KATM, and to provide the data needed to interpret ecosystem and soils development. The field plot dataset encompassed all of the major environmental gradients and landscape histories present in KATM. Individual state-factors (e.g., soil pH, slope aspect) and other ecosystem components (e.g., geomorphic unit, vegetation species composition and structure) were measured or categorized using standard classification systems developed for Alaska. We described and analyzed the hierarchical relationships among the ecosystem components to classify 92 Plot Ecotypes (local-scale ecosystems) that best partitioned the variation in soils, vegetation, and disturbance properties observed at the field plots. From the 92 Plot Ecotypes, we developed classifications of Map Ecotypes and Disturbance Landscapes that could be mapped across the park. Additionally, using an existing surficial geology map for KATM, we developed a map of Generalized Soil Texture by aggregating similar surficial geology classes into a reduced set of classes representing the predominant soil textures in each. We then intersected the Ecotype map with the General-ized Soil Texture Map in a GIS and aggregated combinations of Map Ecotypes with similar soils to derive and map Soil Landscapes and Soil Great Groups. The classification of Great Groups captures information on the soil as a whole, as opposed to the subgroup classification which focuses on the properties of specific horizons (Soil Survey Staff 1999). Of the 724 plots included in the Ecotype analysis, sufficient soils data for classifying soil subgroups was available for 467 plots. Soils from 8 orders of soil taxonomy were encountered during the field sampling: Alfisols (<1% of the mapped area), Andisols (3%), Entisols (45%), Gelisols (<1%), Histosols (12%), Inceptisols (22%), Mollisols (<1%), and Spodosols (16%). Within these 8 Soil Orders, field plots corresponded to a total of 74 Soil Subgroups, the most common of which were Typic Cryaquents, Typic Cryorthents, Histic Cryaquepts, Vitrandic Cryorthents, and Typic Cryofluvents.

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Bigl, Matthew, Caitlin Callaghan, Brandon Booker, Kathryn Trubac, Jacqueline Willan, Paulina Lintsai e Marissa Torres. Energy Atlas—mapping energy-related data for DoD lands in Alaska : Phase 2—data expansion and portal development. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), gennaio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43062.

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As the largest Department of Defense (DoD) land user in Alaska, the U.S. Army oversees over 600,000 hectares of land, including remote areas accessible only by air, water, and winter ice roads. Spatial information related to the energy resources and infrastructure that exist on and adjacent to DoD installations can help inform decision makers when it comes to installation planning. The Energy Atlas−Alaska portal provides a secure value-added resource to support the decision-making process for energy management, investments in installation infrastructure, and improvements to energy resiliency and sustainability. The Energy Atlas–Alaska portal compiles spatial information and provides that information through a secure online portal to access and examine energy and related resource data such as energy resource potential, energy corridors, and environmental information. The information database is hosted on a secure Common Access Card-authenticated portal that is accessible to the DoD and its partners through the Army Geospatial Center’s Enterprise Portal. This Enterprise Portal provides effective visualization and functionality to support analysis and inform DoD decision makers. The Energy Atlas–Alaska portal helps the DoD account for energy in contingency planning, acquisition, and life-cycle requirements and ensures facilities can maintain operations in the face of disruption.

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Suir, Glenn, Christina Saltus, Charles Sasser, J. Harris, Molly Reif, Rodrigo Diaz e Gabe Giffin. Evaluating drone truthing as an alternative to ground truthing : an example with wetland plant identification. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), ottobre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42201.

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Satellite remote sensing of wetlands provides many advantages to traditional monitoring and mapping methods. However, remote sensing often remains reliant on labor- and resource- intensive ground truth data for wetland vegetation identification through image classification training and accuracy assessments. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the use of unmanned aircraft system (UAS) data as an alternative or supplement to traditional ground truthing techniques in support of remote sensing for identifying and mapping wetland vegetation.

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Ruiz, Pablo, Craig Perry, Alejando Garcia, Magali Guichardot, Michael Foguer, Joseph Ingram, Michelle Prats, Carlos Pulido, Robert Shamblin e Kevin Whelan. The Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve vegetation mapping project: Interim report—Northwest Coastal Everglades (Region 4), Everglades National Park (revised with costs). National Park Service, novembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279586.

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The Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve vegetation mapping project is part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). It is a cooperative effort between the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and the National Park Service’s (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program (VMI). The goal of this project is to produce a spatially and thematically accurate vegetation map of Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve prior to the completion of restoration efforts associated with CERP. This spatial product will serve as a record of baseline vegetation conditions for the purpose of: (1) documenting changes to the spatial extent, pattern, and proportion of plant communities within these two federally-managed units as they respond to hydrologic modifications resulting from the implementation of the CERP; and (2) providing vegetation and land-cover information to NPS park managers and scientists for use in park management, resource management, research, and monitoring. This mapping project covers an area of approximately 7,400 square kilometers (1.84 million acres [ac]) and consists of seven mapping regions: four regions in Everglades National Park, Regions 1–4, and three in Big Cypress National Preserve, Regions 5–7. The report focuses on the mapping effort associated with the Northwest Coastal Everglades (NWCE), Region 4 , in Everglades National Park. The NWCE encompasses a total area of 1,278 square kilometers (493.7 square miles [sq mi], or 315,955 ac) and is geographically located to the south of Big Cypress National Preserve, west of Shark River Slough (Region 1), and north of the Southwest Coastal Everglades (Region 3). Photo-interpretation was performed by superimposing a 50 × 50-meter (164 × 164-feet [ft] or 0.25 hectare [0.61 ac]) grid cell vector matrix over stereoscopic, 30 centimeters (11.8 inches) spatial resolution, color-infrared aerial imagery on a digital photogrammetric workstation. Photo-interpreters identified the dominant community in each cell by applying majority-rule algorithms, recognizing community-specific spectral signatures, and referencing an extensive ground-truth database. The dominant vegetation community within each grid cell was classified using a hierarchical classification system developed specifically for this project. Additionally, photo-interpreters categorized the absolute cover of cattail (Typha sp.) and any invasive species detected as either: Sparse (10–49%), Dominant (50–89%), or Monotypic (90–100%). A total of 178 thematic classes were used to map the NWCE. The most common vegetation classes are Mixed Mangrove Forest-Mixed and Transitional Bayhead Shrubland. These two communities accounted for about 10%, each, of the mapping area. Other notable classes include Short Sawgrass Marsh-Dense (8.1% of the map area), Mixed Graminoid Freshwater Marsh (4.7% of the map area), and Black Mangrove Forest (4.5% of the map area). The NWCE vegetation map has a thematic class accuracy of 88.4% with a lower 90th Percentile Confidence Interval of 84.5%.

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