Tesi sul tema "Environmental publication"

The Vietnamese science and high education system plays a major role in the country’s social and economical development. Due to a mixed influence of international education systems, the contribution of the Vietnamese research to the international scientific landscape is still modest. Over the past decades, the most scientific programmes focused mostly on rather theoretical sciences and less on applied sciences. The results are reflected by a rather low rate of international publications on experimental science. Together with the country’s efforts on the efficient use of natural resources, there is an urgent demand for strengthening the scientific activity on environmental sciences. The new Journal of Vietnamese Environment was created to respond to the increasing interest in environmental research. The journal was founded as part of an academic network initiated by the Dresden University of Technology in the framework of Vietnamese-German cooperation programs on training and education. With multidisciplinary fields of interest and several types of manuscripts, the journal has a predominant academic character, the submission of manuscripts is open to students, graduates, researchers and staff members of research and academic institutions, as well as to any individual willing to disseminate the knowledge about the management of Vietnamese environment
Hệ thống khoa học và giáo dục đại học Việt Nam đóng vai trò quan trọng trong sự phát triển kinh tế và xã hội của đất nước. Trong xu hướng giao thoa mạnh mẽ giữa các hệ thống giáo dục quốc tế, đóng góp của các nhà nghiên cứu ở Việt Nam cho cộng đồng khoa học quốc tế còn khiêm tốn. Trong những thập niên qua, hầu hết các hoạt động khoa học tập trung vào khoa học lý thuyết hơn là các lĩnh vực khoa học ứng dụng. Điều này đã được phản ánh qua tỷ lệ khá thấp các ấn phẩm quốc tế về khoa học thực nghiệm. Cùng với những nỗ lực của đất nước để sử dụng hiệu quả các nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên, một nhu cầu cấp bách đặt ra là tăng cường các hoạt động nghiên cứu về khoa học môi trường. Tạp chí Môi trường Việt Nam ra đời nhằm hưởng ứng sự quan tâm ngày một gia tăng trong nghiên cứu môi trường. Tạp chí được thành lập như một phần của mạng lưới học thuật được đề xuất bởi Trường Đại học Tổng hợp Kỹ Thuật Dresden trong khuôn khổ chương trình hợp tác Việt Nam - CHLB Đức về đào tạo và giáo dục. Với mối quan tâm đa ngành và đa dạng trong ấn phẩm, tạp chí chủ yếu mang tính học thuật, cơ hội gửi đăng bài viết mở rộng cho cả sinh viên, kỹ sư / cử nhân, nghiên cứu viên và các thành viên của Viện nghiên cứu và giáo dục, các cá nhân có mong muốn phổ biến kiến thức về quản lý môi trường ở Việt Nam

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This is a study of media management in the publication industry under conditions of rapid environmental change. The study focuses on a particular case, The Mannequin, a niche publication serving many purposes. The study finds that environmental change creates major challenges for commercial survival. Explicit change management procedures are required. The study recommends a set of change management procedures suitable for small, niche market publications. It then recommends avenues for further research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie is ’n studie van mediabestuur in die publikasie-industrie onder vinnigveranderende omstandighede. Die studie fokus op ’n spesifieke geval, The Mannequin, ‘n nismarkpublikasie wat verskeie doelstellings vervul. Die studie bevind dat omstandigheidsveranderinge groot uitdagings skep vir kommersiële oorlewing. Eksplisiete verandersingsbestuurprosedures is nodig. Die studie beveel ’n stel veranderingsbestuurprosedures vir klein, nismark publikasies aan. Dit beveel ook verdere opsies vir navorsing aan.

Recently, community initiatives have emerged for the establishment of large-scale environmental observatories. Cyberinfrastructure is the backbone upon which these observatories will be built, and scientists' ability to access and use the data collected within observatories to address research questions will depend on the successful implementation of cyberinfrastructure. The research described in this dissertation advances the cyberinfrastructure available for supporting environmental observatories. This has been accomplished through both development of new cyberinfrastructure components as well as through the demonstration and application of existing tools, with a specific focus on point observations data. The cyberinfrastructure that was developed and deployed to support collection, management, analysis, and publication of data generated by an environmental sensor network in the Little Bear River environmental observatory test bed is described, as is the sensor network design and deployment. Results of several analyses that demonstrate how high-frequency data enable identification of trends and analysis of physical, chemical, and biological behavior that would be impossible using traditional, low-frequency monitoring data are presented. This dissertation also illustrates how the cyberinfrastructure components demonstrated in the Little Bear River test bed have been integrated into a data publication system that is now supporting a nationwide network of 11 environmental observatory test bed sites, as well as other research sites within and outside of the United States. Enhancements to the infrastructure for research and education that are enabled by this research are impacting a diverse community, including the national community of researchers involved with prospective Water and Environmental Research Systems (WATERS) Network environmental observatories as well as other observatory efforts, research watersheds, and test beds. The results of this research provide insight into and potential solutions for some of the bottlenecks associated with design and implementation of cyberinfrastructure for observatory support.

Les oiseaux marins sont présents sur toutes les mers du globe et dans des zones climatiques extrêmement différentes, allant des tropiques jusqu’aux régions polaires. Un grand nombre d’espèces vivent en haute mer et capturent leurs proies sous l’eau. L’élément liquide possède un énorme pouvoir de refroidissement et génère de fortes contraintes thermiques sur ces homéothermes. Ces contraintes ont certainement influencé les modes de colonisation des écosystèmes aquatiques par les oiseaux marins. Dans ces milieux hostiles, les oiseaux assurent leur survie par le biais de deux stratégies (non exclusives). (1) Augmentation de l’isolation périphérique afin de minimiser les pertes de chaleur au contact de l’eau; (2) exploitation de zones riches en nourriture afin de maximiser leurs gains d’énergie au cours de la recherche alimentaire. La combinaison de ces deux stratégies permet l’optimisation de l’efficacité énergétique au cours de la recherche alimentaire. Afin de comprendre comment les oiseaux marins se sont adaptés au milieu aquatique au cours de leur trajectoire évolutive et de définir leur rôle au sein des écosystèmes actuels, il est donc de toute première importance d’étudier les mécanismes qui régissent leurs dépenses énergétiques ainsi que leurs gains en énergie au cours de la recherche alimentaire. Au cours des deux dernières décennies, les avancées technologiques ont permis la réalisation d’un grand nombre d’études concernant le comportement alimentaire des oiseaux marins ainsi que leurs besoins énergétiques. Ces deux volets ont pourtant rarement été considérés conjointement et certains aspects fondamentaux restent négligés. Par exemple, l’effet de la pression sur l’isolation thermique et sur la flottabilité des oiseaux plongeurs, ainsi que ses conséquences sur les coûts énergétiques de la plongée n’ont pas encore été mesurés directement. En outre, le comportement prédateur des oiseaux plongeurs a principalement été déduit de mesures effectuées par des capteurs embarqués. Des observations directes et détaillées des techniques de pêche ainsi que des études de l’impact de divers facteurs biotiques et abiotiques sur ces stratégies restent extrêmement rares. Le comportement des oiseaux marins est d’autre part principalement étudié à l’échelle de l’individu. Il est cependant nécessaire et urgent de prédire les réactions des communautés d’oiseaux marins aux changements environnementaux, qu’ils soient d’origine naturelle ou anthropique. Ces stress environnementaux provoquent en effet à l’heure actuelle des changements de régime et de structure variés au sein des écosystèmes marins. Des informations détaillées concernant les processus d’acquisition et de dépense d’énergie chez différentes espèces d’oiseaux marins constituent donc la base de modèles bio-énergétiques qui permettront une approche fonctionnelle prédictive du rôle des oiseaux marins au faîte des réseaux trophiques aquatiques. La collecte de données écophysiologiques ainsi que leur synthèse dans le cadre d’exercices de modélisation, nous permettra donc de juger de la capacité d’adaptation des prédateurs marins aux changements environnementaux (tels qu’une baisse de la disponibilité des proies). Mes travaux de thèse, qui traitent de l’écophysiologie de la recherche alimentaire chez les oiseaux plongeurs ont principalement concerné les cormorans. Des études récentes ont suggéré que les coûts de la recherche alimentaire sont particulièrement élevés chez ces oiseaux, mais que ceux-ci adaptent leur comportement prédateur afin de minimiser la durée totale de la recherche alimentaire (par le biais d’une augmentation de l’efficacité prédatrice). Cette stratégie nécessite l’exploitation de ressources alimentaires particulièrement profitables (forte densité des proies et/ou grande valeur calorifique). On peut donc prédire que les cormorans seront particulièrement sensibles aux contraintes environnementales affectant les conditions de la recherche alimentaire et/ou la disponibilité des proies. Ce sont donc d’excellents modèles d’étude de l’impact de ce type de changements sur les prédateurs marins. Mes travaux de thèse s’articulent en sept chapitres. A l’issue d’une introduction générale (chapitre 1), je présente deux études de la dépense énergétique associée à la recherche alimentaire chez les oiseaux plongeurs (chapitres 2 et 3). Plus spécifiquement, j’ai étudié l’influence de la température de l’eau, de la profondeur des plongées ainsi que du statut nutritif des oiseaux sur les coûts énergétiques de la plongée chez les cormorans huppés (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) et les cormorans à aigrettes (Phalacrocorax auritus). Je détaille par la suite les comportements associés à la recherche alimentaire chez les oiseaux plongeurs (chapitres 4 et 5). Il s’agit d’une analyse détaillée des techniques de capture des poissons chez les cormorans à aigrettes et les grands cormorans (Phalacrocorax carbo) en fonction de divers paramètres biotiques et abiotiques. Enfin, je combine certains de ces résultats avec des données tirées de la littérature afin de développer un modèle bio-énergétique (chapitre 6). Ce modèle, élargi à quatre espèces d’oiseaux marins de la Mer du Nord, m’a permis de calculer leurs besoins alimentaires théoriques pendant la phase d’élevage des poussins. Il m’a également permis de tester la capacité d’adaptation de ces différentes espèces à une baisse de la disponibilité de leurs proies principales. Ces diverses études débouchent sur des conclusions et perspectives qui sont présentées dans le chapitre 7
Avian divers are confronted with a number of physiological challenges when foraging in cold water, especially at depth. Diving is believed to be particularly costly in cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae) because of their poor insulation and less efficient foot-propulsion. I used open-circuit respirometry to study the energetic requirements of two Phalacrocorax species, the European shag (P. Aristotelis) and the double-crested cormorant (P. Auritus) when diving in a shallow (1 m) and deep (10 m) dive tank. I also investigated the modifying effects of water temperature and feeding status on dive costs. My results indicate that the energetic costs during shallow diving in European shags and double-crested cormorants are comparable to other foot-propelled divers. Metabolic rate was significantly increased when diving to greater depth and at lower water temperatures, while feeding before diving increased metabolic rate, albeit not significantly. The strong effects of depth and water temperature on cormorant diving metabolic rate are most likely a consequence of their partially wettable plumage and their reduced plumage air volume, which makes them prone to heat loss and, hence, increases thermoregulatory costs. The energetic requirements of animals have to be satisfied by intake of resources from the environment. Hence, the quest for food is a central aspect of animal behavior. Although the study of seabird foraging behaviour has greatly profited from recent technological developments, we still know little about predator-prey interactions on a fine scale. I used an underwater video array to investigate the prey-capture behaviour of double-crested cormorants foraging on live rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). I tested the effects of a variety of factors on the underwater foraging behaviour of cormorants and established a functional link between prey density and cormorant prey capture rate. Prey density and behaviour both significantly affected predator performance. At prey densities below 2-3 g fish m-3 birds increased their search time during a trial drastically, while prey-encounter rate was greatly decreased. When cormorants attacked shoaling rather than solitary trout, their capture success was significantly reduced, while pursuit duration was significantly increased. Seabird energetics and behaviour are typically studied on the individual or species level. However, if we want to understand how seabirds react to environmental changes, we have to consider entire communities. In the western North Sea, a large seabird assemblage critically depends on a single fish species, the lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus), which is also exploited by an industrial fishery. I developed an algorithm to test for the capacity of four seabird species during chick-rearing in Scotland to buffer a potential decline in sandeel abundance by increasing their foraging effort in various ways. My results show that under the conditions currently operating in this region shags and guillemots (Uria aalge) may have sufficient time and energy to allow them to increase their foraging effort considerably, while Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and gannets (Morus bassanus) appear more constrained by time and energy respectively. My study suggests that during chick-rearing gannets are working at the highest metabolic level of all species considered and hence, have the least physiological capacity to increase foraging effort. This indicates that gannets could potentially be very sensitive to a reduction in sandeel abundance. My thesis emphasises the importance of taking into account seabird energetics as well as fine scale behavioural requirements, when trying to develop management schemes for fisheries that will allow the coexistence of both seabirds and human fishery in a sustainable way

In New Zealand, there are many published guidelines about the management of riparian areas. The question needs to be asked, are these guides useful? This research thesis investigates the extent to which riparian management guides meet the needs of the users. This research also considers the importance of riparian management (with regards to the appropriateness of educational guides) in assisting practitioners and the interested public in the management of riparian areas. The main way of investigating this topic was with the help of discussion groups. Discussion groups were held with interested organisations. These groups fell into three categories; Urban groups, Rural groups and Interest groups. The groups were asked to define what would make a guide most useful and desirable to them under three major categories: 1) what the guide looked like, 2) what information was contained, and 3) how was the information accessed. An opportunity was also provided for any further comments. This information was used to create a list of the most popular criteria that existing guides and further publications could be examined against. Eleven criteria were identified as follows: Information should be available online; Have pictures; Include diagrams; Is simple and easy to understand; Contains how to and appropriate methods; Has a plant list; Considers maintenance issues; Identifies where to locate further information; How to contact experts; Is available in libraries; Is in booklet form. The availability of existing information was investigated and its suitability assessed against the criteria. A list of all regional, territorial and unitary councils as well as 'other organisations' that were regarded as sources of environmental knowledge were investigated to see how many had produced information on riparian and wetland management issues. In terms of sources of information, 'other organisations' produce the greatest rate of riparian management information, followed by regional/unitary authorities. Two guides from Canterbury best meet the criteria identified by the interested parties, for the Canterbury region. Each scored 10/11 and failed on different criteria. This led to the conclusion that riparian management guides in Canterbury, while obviously still having room for improvement, are very close to meeting what interested parties feel is most important. Finally, a prototype (model) based on the research is provided for anyone who might be considering preparing a riparian management guide.

Iron and manganese are relevant constituents of the earth's crust and both show increasing mobility when reduced by free electrons. This reduction is known to be controlled by microbial dissimilation processes. Alternative sources of free electrons in nature are cloud-to-ground lightning events with thermal and galvanic effects. Where thermal effects of lightning events are well described, less is known about the impact of galvanic lightning effects on metal mobilization. Here we show that a significant mobilization of manganese occurs due to galvanic effects of both positive and negative lightning, where iron seems to be unaffected with manganese being abundant in oxic forms in soils/sediments. A mean of 0.025 mmol manganese (negative lightning) or 0.08 mmol manganese (positive lightning) mobilization may occur. We suggest that lightning possibly influences biogeochemical cycles of redox sensitive elements in continental parts of the tropics/subtropics on a regional/local scale.

Iron and manganese are relevant constituents of the earth's crust and both show increasing mobility when reduced by free electrons. This reduction is known to be controlled by microbial dissimilation processes. Alternative sources of free electrons in nature are cloud-to-ground lightning events with thermal and galvanic effects. Where thermal effects of lightning events are well described, less is known about the impact of galvanic lightning effects on metal mobilization. Here we show that a significant mobilization of manganese occurs due to galvanic effects of both positive and negative lightning, where iron seems to be unaffected with manganese being abundant in oxic forms in soils/sediments. A mean of 0.025 mmol manganese (negative lightning) or 0.08 mmol manganese (positive lightning) mobilization may occur. We suggest that lightning possibly influences biogeochemical cycles of redox sensitive elements in continental parts of the tropics/subtropics on a regional/local scale.

If mobile computing brought challenges and constraints to distributed systems, it kept evolving with the evolution of the technology. The mission of mobile computing is to allow users to access any information using any device over any network at any time. When this access becomes to every information using every device and over every network at every time, we can then say that mobile computing has evolved to what we now call pervasive computing. A computing infrastructure where “everything is a service” offers many new system and application possibilities. Among the main challenges, however, is the issue of standardized way of application development in such heterogeneous environments. The natural way of doing this is by performing service composition, either by creating services and composing them according to requirements, or adapting and reusing existing services in order to achieve a given task. In such open environment the ability of services to adapt and be extended represents the primary driving force. These two actions of composition and adaptation are only possible if services are implemented and described in interoperable languages. For that reason, service transformation is a critical step preceding any composition or adaptation action. In this thesis, we focus our interest upon the intersection of two major domains, the service oriented architectures meeting the pervasive computing, and propose a novel solution to integrate services in a pervasive environment. The main contributions of this thesis are threefold. They arise from the lacks noticed in current service integration middleware for the pervasive environments. If many middleware dealt with one or more of our service problems - transformation, composition, adaptation - few proposed a unified vision for the service integration in pervasive environment, a management of the functional and non-functional properties of services during the integration, and especially, a spontaneous service integration that extends environments transparently with functionalities. We define the SIM model a Service Integration Middleware model adapted to service integration middleware for pervasive environment. We give our middleware instantiation, MySIM and provide the services functional and non-functional equivalence and composable relations to define service transformation, service composition, and service adaptation. Based on these relations, spontaneous service integration adapted to pervasiveness is explained. We developed a prototype as a proof of concept that we tested over MyStudio environment. We think that our work on spontaneous service integration with others related to intelligence, smartness and pro-activity lead to the development of the Ambient Intelligence, the very likely probable evolution of pervasive computing
La prolifération croissante des dispositifs numériques sur le réseau ouvre la voie `a une nouvelle vision de l’informatique, la vision d’informatique diffuse. Toutefois, composer les services offerts par ces dispositifs pour réaliser des applications, ou services, répondant aux attentes des usagers reste un problème ouvert. Cette thèse vise à proposer une solution à « l’intégration spontanée de services dans les environnements de l’informatique diffuse ». La solution proposée se base sur une architecture orientée service et se décompose en trois fonctionnalités majeures : la transformation de service, la composition de services et l’adaptation de services. Un modèle générique d’ « intergiciel d’intégration de services » SIM est proposé, ainsi qu’une instanciation particulière MySIM, est développée. Le modèle d’intergiciel SIM intègre les services présents dans l’environnement `a travers quatre fonctionnalités : la transformation de descriptions de services propriétaires en un modèle de référence, la génération de toutes les compositions possibles des services au regard de leur compatibilité, la sélection des compositions de services valide en vue de leur qualité de service et finalement la construction qui instancie les services composites retenues et les publie dans l’environnement. MySIM est une instanciation de SIM qui se distingue par une approche spontanée de l’intégration de services. Les phases de génération, évaluation et construction de services sont réalisées de manière systématique et spontanée par l’intergiciel, sans intervention de l’utilisateur, en fonction des arrivées et départs des services au sein de l’environnement. Une implémentation de l’intergiciel MySIM basée sur la technologie OSGi a été proposée. Cette implémentation permet de valider pratiquement la solution introduite dans cette thèse pour résoudre les problèmes de spontanéité liés aux environnements pervasifs, et d’en évaluer les performances

It has been observed that users in a reputation system often hesitate in providing negative feedback due to the fear of retaliation. A solution to this issue is privacy preserving reputation systems, which compute reputation such that the individual feedback of any user is not revealed. In this thesis, we present privacy preserving reputation protocols, that are decentralized, do not require specialized platforms nor trusted third parties, protect privacy under a range of adversarial models (semi-honest, non-disruptive malicious, disruptive malicious), and are more efficient than comparable protocols (the most expensive protocol requires O(n) + O(log N) messages, where n and N are the number of feedback providers and the total number of users respectively). The techniques that we utilize include trust awareness, data perturbation, secret sharing, secure multi-party computation, additive homomorphic cryptosystems, and zero-knowledge proofs. We also address some issues related to trust recommendation and propagation. In particular, we present a solution to the problem of subjectivity in trust recommendation. Experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies
Il a été observé que les utilisateurs d'un système de réputation hésitent souvent à fournir un feedback négatif en raison de la crainte de représailles. Une solution à ce problème est la mise en œuvre de systèmes de réputation préservant la vie privée i. E. , calculant la réputation de telle sorte que le feedback individuel de chaque utilisateur ne soit pas révélé. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons des protocoles de réputation préservant la vie privée qui sont décentralisés, ne nécessitent pas de plates-formes spécialisées ni de tiers de confiance, qui protègent la vie privée sous une gamme de modèles de sécurité (" semi-honest ", " non-disruptive malicious ", " disruptive malicious ") et sont plus efficaces que les protocoles comparables (le protocole le plus coûteux nécessite O(n) + O(log N) messages, où n est le nombre d'utilisateurs qui fournissent un feedback et N est le nombre total d'utilisateurs). Les techniques que nous utilisons comprennent la trust awareness, la perturbation des données, le partage de secret, les techniques de calcul sécurisé multi-parties, les cryptosystèmes additifs homomorphiques, et les preuves de " zéro-connaissance ". Enfin, nous examinons certains problèmes liés aux techniques de recommandation et de propagation de la confiance. Nous proposons une solution au problème de la subjectivité intrinsèque à la notion de confiance. Les résultats expérimentaux obtenus confirment la pertinence de la stratégie proposée

Querying non-conventional data is recognized as a major issue in new environments and applications such as those occurring in pervasive computing. A key issue is the ability to query data, streams and services in a declarative way in order to make the development of pervasive applications easier. In this thesis, we define a data-centric view of pervasive environments: the classical notion of database is extended to come up with a broader notion, the relational pervasive environment. We then define the so-called Serena algebra that enables the expression of one-shot or continuous queries homogeneously handling data, streams and services. A prototype of Pervasive Environment Management System has been implemented and experiments have been conducted in order to validate our approach
Interroger des sources de données non-conventionnelles est reconnu comme une problématique majeure dans les nouveaux environnements comme ceux de l'informatique pervasive. Un point clé est la possibilité d'interroger des données, des flux de données et des services de manière déclarative afin de faciliter le développement d'applications pervasives. Dans cette thèse, nous définissons une vue orientée données des environnements pervasifs: la notion classique de base de données est étendue pour construire une notion plus large, l'environnement pervasif relationnel. Nous définissons également une algèbre, appelée algèbre Séréna, qui permet l'expression de requêtes continues ou ponctuelles traitant de manière homogène les données, flux de données et services. Un prototype de Système de Gestion d'Environnement Pervasif a été implémenté et des expérimentations ont été réalisées afin de valider notre approche

Alexander Campbell, a contemporary of Joseph Smith, was the first to publish a critique of the Book of Mormon after actually having read it. Among other allegations, he arraigned that Joseph Smith wrote the book to resolve, with a voice of prophecy, theological issues contemporary to its publication. This study undertakes to examine Campbell's charge with regard to atonement doctrine. To assess the statement, this study first identifies the controversies about atonement doctrine in the years prior to the publication of the Book of Mormon, in the Northeastern region of the United States. It then compares the teachings inherent to those controversies to Book of Mormon atonement doctrine. This study concludes that the doctrine in the Book of Mormon does appear to resolve some of the controversies surrounding the doctrine of the atonement in the time and place relative to its publication. However, on other important points of controversy, it does not resolve the issues. Furthermore, as it expounds atonement doctrine, it combines concepts in ways not germane to its environment. It does not fit any model of soteriology that was prevalent in the time period and place of its original publication.

This thesis explores in what way the organisation IHOPE discuss the concept of Anthropocene in text. The texts analysed are based on a selection from publications on IHOPE’s webpage that encompass the word ‘Anthropocene’. The thesis further discusses the role of archaeology in the Anthropocene debate and glances at the agency theory in a discussion of the emergence of Anthropocene as defined as a new geological era. The thesis also discusses this definition and compares it to other alternative definitions as well as diving into the debate of the starting point of this proposed era. A short introduction is made of environmental determinism and its role in archaeology, and how that possibly relates to the background for the idea of Anthropocene. The texts analysed are presented through John Dryzek’s categories for discourse analysis on environmental issues in order to answer the research questions.
Studien utforskar hur organisationen IHOPE diskuterar konceptet Antropocen i sina texter. Texterna som analyseras baseras på ett urval av publikationer från IHOPE:s hemsida, specifikt de som använder ordet ‘Antropocen’. Studien diskuterar även rollen för arkeologi i debatten kring Antropocen och tittar på agensteori i en diskussion kring uppkomsten av Antropocen i dess definition som en geologisk period. Studien diskuterar även denna definition and jämför den med andra definitioner samt dyker in i debatten gällande när denna geologiska period anses ha börjat. En kort introduktion till miljödeterminism ges och dess roll inom arkeologi samt hur det kan relatera till bakgrunden för idén om Antropocen. Texterna som analyseras presenteras genom användningen av John Dryzeks kategorier som är utformade för diskursanalyser av miljörelaterade frågor. Metoden används för att söka besvara forskningsfrågorna.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'identification et l'étude des amas de galaxies à grand redshift. Nous concentrons notre analyse sur l'environnement à grande échelle de radiogalaxies lumineuses et à l'étude des galaxies de la séquence rouge et des noyaux actifs de galaxies détectés dans leur voisinage. Le travail présenté dans ce manuscrit étend d'une part les études des amas de galaxies à z<1. 5 sélectionnés dans le visible et les rayons X et d'autre part celles des proto-amas détectés dans le voisinage des radiogalaxies à z>2 grâce aux surdensités d'émetteurs Lyαou de galaxies à discontinuité de Lyman. Cette thèse a permisd'explorer sous de nouveaux angles, la recherche des amas à grand redshift: (i) l'étude du chaînon manquant entre z=1. 4 et z=2 i. E. , entre les proto-amas et amas connus à ce jour (ii) la sélection des galaxies les plus massives, membres d'un amas (i. E. , les galaxies rouges de type primitif) grâce à des critères de couleur adaptés (iii) l'utilisation d'observations grand champ nécessaires à l'étude sur une plus large échelle de structures de galaxies associées aux radiogalaxies (iv) l'étude de la diversité des environnements de radiogalaxies grâce à l'analyse de plusieurs champs (v) l'étude plus spécifique de la population des noyaux actifs de galaxies dans les amas de galaxies et de son évolution en fonction du redshift. De telles études ont été rendues possible grâce à la mise en place de nouveaux instruments comme WIRCam au CFHT et HAWK-I au VLT qui permettent d'étendre l'étude des amas de galaxies à plus grand redshift et sur une plus large échelle. Nous avons étudié les champs de cinq radiogalaxies à 1. 41. 4). Ces critères nous ont permis desélectionner à la fois les galaxies rouges de type primitif et les galaxies plus bleues formant des étoiles. La distribution spatiale des galaxies rouges n'est pas homogène et présente souvent une structure filamentaire qui contient la radiogalaxie. Deux champs, 7C~1756+6520 (z=1. 42) et MRC~0156-252 (z=2. 02) sont surdenses en galaxies rouges, d'un factor 2-4 comparé à des champs de référence. Le premier champ présente une grande concentration de galaxies rouges autour de la radiogalaxie ainsi que plusieurs autres groupes alignés formant une structure filamentaire étendue sur plusieurs Mpc. Le deuxième champ présente un système plus compact de galaxies rouges et bleues concentrées à moins de 1Mpc de la radiogalaxie. Une campagne de spectroscopie a permis de confirmer que notre structure associée à 7C~1756+6520 est en effet un amas de galaxies. 20 galaxies ontété trouvées à un redshift consistent avec celui de la radiogalaxie. Nous avons ainsi montré que, bien que toutes les radiogalaxies ne se situent pas dans des champs surdenses - au moins en ce qui concerne les galaxies rouges -elles ont été toutefois un outil efficace pour la recherche d'amas de galaxies à grand redshift avec la découverte du deuxième amas le plus distant à ce jour à z=1. 42 et la mise en évidence d'un possible amas de galaxies à z~2
This thesis aims to identify and characterise the most distant galaxy clusters by targeting red sequence galaxies and active galactic nuclei in the wide area environment of distant radio galaxies. This study complements both the lower redshift cluster searches which have identified clusters out to z=1. 45 using optical and X-ray selections and the work on protoclusters around z>2 radio galaxies using the Lyα emitters and Lyman break techniques. The new aspects of the work presented in this thesis are: (i) the study of the missing link between clusters and protoclusters known to date bythe investigation of the less studied redshift range 1. 41. 4) to select both red passively evolved and blue star-forming galaxy cluster candidates. The spatial distribution of the red galaxies is clearly non homogeneous and often present a filamentary structure containing the radio galaxies. We found that two of our studied fields, 7C~1756+6520 at z=1. 42 and MRC~0156-252 at z=2. 02, show overdensities of a factor of 2-4 in red sources compared to control fields. The first field shows a high concentration of red galaxies around the radio galaxy and several other aligned clumps forming a large scale filamentary structure of several Mpc. The second field demonstrates a more compact system of both blue and red galaxies concentrated within 1Mpc of the radio galaxy. A spectroscopy campaign confirmed that our suspected structure around 7C~1756-6520 isindeed a galaxy cluster with 20 galaxies found with redshifts consistent with the radio galaxy. We therefore conclude that although not all radio galaxies are found in overdense regions - at least as far as the red population is concerned - they are however a very efficient tool to search for high redshift galaxy clusters with the discovery in this thesis of the second most distant galaxy cluster to date at z=1. 42 and a galaxy cluster candidate at z~2

Diss. -- Tampereen teknillinen yliopisto. Thesis (doctoral)--Tampere University of Technology, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-170). Myös verkkojulkaisuna. Also available on the World Wide Web.

L'objectif de cette thèse est de fournir des mécanismes améliorés pour déployer des services compétitifs par des manières rapides et rentables. Nous proposons un modèle de composition de service basé sur un environnement IMS/Web convergent. Ce modèle permet aux utilisateurs non professionnels de réutiliser les services existants pour créer de nouveaux services facilement. Pour améliorer la fonctionnalité de composition automatique, trois stratégies, y compris mise à jour passive, mise à jour active et mise à jour hybride sont proposées et analysées. Nous introduisons ensuite une plateforme centralisée d'exposition de service pour une variété de services, y compris services de Télécom / Web / appareil / services générés par les utilisateurs. Cette plateforme vise à renforcer les caractéristiques de centrée-sur-utilisateur et convergence, et fournir l'accès unifié à différents services. Par la suite, deux modèles basés sur le P2P sont conçus pour compléter le modèle centralisé: i) Un modèle hiérarchique basé sur Chord pour garantir l'efficacité de la découverte de services. Il adopte le concept de publication et découverte de service abstrait pour permettre à la recherche de service ambiguë. ii) Un modèle de superposition-triplex et P2P basé, qui cible principalement des services offerts par les appareils. Dans ce modèle, nous utilisons des passerelles pour déléguer des appareils résidant en eux pour l'exposition globale de services, et utilisons une architecture basée sur une superposition triplex, qui comprend une couche P2P non structurée, une couche de réseau sémantique (SON), et une couche de dépendance de service, pour la partage de l'information de service et la découverte de services
The goal of this thesis is to provide enhanced mechanisms to deploy competitive services in a rapid and cost-effective manner. To achieve this goal, we first propose an automatic service composition model relying on an IMS/Web converged environment. This service composition model is intended to be one in which even non-professional users can easily reuse existing services to create new services. To further improve the automatic service composition feature, three strategies including passive update, active update and hybrid update are proposed and analyzed. We then propose a centralized service exposure framework for a variey of services, including Telecom / Web / Device / user-generated services. This framework aims at enhancing the user-centric and convergence features, and providing the unified access to diverse services.Subsequently, two P2P based service information sharing models are designed to complement the centralized service exposure model : i) A hierarchical P2P based model, which reuses Chord for guaranteeing the service discovery efficiency, meanwhile adopts the concept of abstract service publication and discovery for enabling the ambiguous services searching. ii) A triplex P2P overlay based model, which mainly targets the devices offered services. In this model, we use the gateways to delegate the devices residing in them for the global service exposure, and use a triplex overlay based architecture, which includes an underlying unstructured P2P layer, a Semantic Overlay Network (SON) based overlay and a service dependency overlay, for the service information sharing and discovery

The goal of this thesis is to provide enhanced mechanisms to deploy competitive services in a rapid and cost-effective manner. To achieve this goal, we first propose an automatic service composition model relying on an IMS/Web converged environment. This service composition model is intended to be one in which even non-professional users can easily reuse existing services to create new services. To further improve the automatic service composition feature, three strategies including passive update, active update and hybrid update are proposed and analyzed. We then propose a centralized service exposure framework for a variey of services, including Telecom / Web / Device / user-generated services. This framework aims at enhancing the user-centric and convergence features, and providing the unified access to diverse services.Subsequently, two P2P based service information sharing models are designed to complement the centralized service exposure model : i) A hierarchical P2P based model, which reuses Chord for guaranteeing the service discovery efficiency, meanwhile adopts the concept of abstract service publication and discovery for enabling the ambiguous services searching. ii) A triplex P2P overlay based model, which mainly targets the devices offered services. In this model, we use the gateways to delegate the devices residing in them for the global service exposure, and use a triplex overlay based architecture, which includes an underlying unstructured P2P layer, a Semantic Overlay Network (SON) based overlay and a service dependency overlay, for the service information sharing and discovery

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This dissertation, presents the RevBEA contribution (Brazilian Environmental Education Magazine). As the main research objective, the contribution analysis and the comprehensiveness about Environmental Education in the presented works at RevBEA from 2010 until 2016. Sought to identify quantitively and qualitatively, the productions online available and analyze how are showed the production criteria, as: a) area and level of authors degree; b) educational institution in the authors degree; c: environmental education production formal and no-formal; d) presented thematic; e) explicit methodology; f) explicit research tools; g) purposes and presented results, as well as bring up the importance, limits and presented perspectives in the works. The research is characterized as art state methodology or knowledge. The mainly investigation phases are: 1º) data collection; 2º) data systematization; and 3º) data analysis. The Environmental Education go through several knowledge areas and with heterogenicity in the research nature. The 253 online publications, in seven years, involved 689 authors, that researched with different objectives, methodology and results. The magazine scope transits by different author degree areas, which live practically in all over the country. The Formal Environmental Education production participates with 63% in the magazine, remaining 37% to no-formal Environmental Education. The featured themes in the research, with more production, are: residue; Environmental Education at Schools/High Schools, ecology and sustainability. The Geography has an important role in the magazine publication, as it is an area with wide Environmental Education comprehensiveness.
Esta dissertação, apresenta a contribuição da RevBEA (Revista Brasileira de EA), na divulgação de pesquisas sobre Educação Ambiental (EA). Tendo como objetivo principal da pesquisa, a análise das contribuições, e a abrangência sobre a EA nas produções apresentadas na RevBEA de 2010 até 2016. Buscou identificar quantitativamente e qualitativamente, as produções com disponibilidade on-line e analisar como se apresentam os critérios na produção, como: a) área e nível de formação dos autores b) instituições de ensino na formação dos autores; c) produções de EA Formal e Não-Formal; d) temáticas apresentadas; e) metodologia explicitada; f) instrumentos de pesquisa explicitados; g) propósitos e resultados apresentados. Bem como, trazer a importância, limites e perspectivas apresentadas nos trabalhos. A pesquisa se caracteriza como metodologia do estado da arte, ou do conhecimento. As principais fases da investigação são: 1º) coleta de dados; 2º) sistematização dos dados; e 3º) análise dos dados. A EA permeia várias áreas do conhecimento e com heterogeneidade na natureza das pesquisas. As 253 publicações on-line, em sete anos, envolveu 689 autores, que produziram pesquisas com diferentes objetivos, metodologias e resultados. A abrangência da Revista transita pelas diferentes áreas de formação dos autores, os quais vivem em praticamente em todo o país. As produções em EA Formal participam com 63% na revista, restando os 37% para a EA Não-Formal. Os temas que se destacam nas pesquisas, com maior produção, são: resíduos; EA nas escolas/colégios; ecologia e sustentabilidade. A Geografia possui um importante destaque nas publicações da Revista, já que é uma área com grande abrangência de EA.

Le processus d'innovation au sein d'une firme est influencé par les facteurs internes de la firme ainsi que par des facteurs externes, ces derniers résultant de l'impact de l'environnement territorial. La question centrale du travail de thèse est d'analyser comment la région, plus précisément l'ensemble des acteurs et des activités constituant l'environnement de la firme, est perçue par les firmes qui y sont situées, et si ces perceptions sont liées aux phénomènes d'innovation. Ce sujet est analysé dans deux régions voisines, mais appartenant à des contextes nationaux différents: l'Alsace et le pays de Bade. Dans le cadre d'une première partie, les conceptions de l'innovation et de l'influence régionale sont passées en revue. En particulier, l'analyse se concentre sur les approches soulignant le lien entre innovation, territoire et proximité. A l'heure actuelle, la vision interactive du processus de l'innovation – référant notamment au chain-linked model of innovation développé par Kline et Rosenberg (1986) - est largement acceptée. D'une façon générale, l'approche par les systèmes régionaux d'innovation souligne le caractère interactif et systémique des processus d'innovation en mettant l'accent sur la dimension sociale, la proximité des acteurs ainsi que sur l'importance des flux de connaissances. Cette approche est enracinée dans les conceptions évolutionnistes et l'hypothèse de rationalité limitée (bounded rationality) des acteurs économiques qui agissent dans des contextes déterminés par incertitude. La géographie économique et l'économie régionale s'attachent à explorer les liens entre territoire et développement. L'innovation joue un rôle crucial pour les régions qui réussissent à s'établir et à prospérer dans un contexte de compétition globale. Les districts industriels et les milieux innovateurs ont valeur d'exemple. Tandis que les districts mettent en avant la production spécialisée et flexible et des co-opérations verticales souvent dans les secteurs artisanaux, les milieux se concentrent sur l'analyse des processus "d'apprentissage interactif" (interactive learning), et des conditions préalables à l'innovation. L'approche par les "régions apprenantes" (learning regions) place les processus d'apprentissage et de créativité ainsi qu'une atmosphère favorable à la création et à la diffusion d'idées au centre de la réflexion. Finalement, l'hypothèse de "retombées de connaissances" (spillover) à proximité des lieux de génération de connaissance semble se confirmer notamment dans les phases initiales de création technologique et dans les industries fortement basées sur la science. L'approche par les perceptions ajoute une dimension subjective et individuelle à l'analyse de l'innovation et des territoires. D'un point de vue psychologique, la perception peut être définie comme une réaction suivant un stimulus provenant de l'environnement. L'exploitation des informations extérieures génère une représentation subjective de l'environnement. Les contributions sociologiques partent de l'hypothèse que chaque individu "construit" sa réalité, qui résulte de processus cognitifs fondés sur les perceptions. Important sont des relations avec l'environnement. Dans cette logique, le milieu ou l'environnement ne peut pas exercer une influence directe sur les processus internes d'un système – un individu ou une firme - mais stimuler (trigger) l'évolution des composants du système. La géographie de la perception souligne les aspects cognitifs et les interactions entre l'individu et le contexte social (qui forme le cadre mental du processus de perception) dans le contexte territorial. L'analyse empirique s'efforce de retracer l'évolution des perceptions de l'environnement régional à l'égard de l'innovation par les dirigeants d'entreprise et des responsables en charge de la recherche et développement. L'analyse a pour objectif de déterminer l'existence de structures de perceptions par les firmes dans des contextes régionaux différents. En outre, le travail analyse les liens potentiels entre perceptions et comportements innovateurs des firmes. A l'issue d'une présentation des profils socio-économiques des deux régions, les caractéristiques d'innovation des acteurs régionaux, ainsi que des cadres nationaux, des perceptions régionales (de la main d'œuvre locale, de la recherche et la technologie et du climat d'innovation) sont analysées et comparées aux caractéristiques d'innovation des firmes observées. A cette fin, une enquête portant sur 93 firmes innovatrices a été effectuée. Cet échantillon contient des entreprises manufacturières et des entreprises du tertiaire supérieur (knowledge-intensive business services) situées dans les deux régions analysées. Les firmes en question ont été interrogées à deux reprises: en 1995/96 et en 2004/05, ce qui permet de retracer leur évolution. Le travail empirique – fondé sur des analyses descriptives et sur une l'analyse multi variables de type categorical principal components analysis – révèle que les firmes alsaciennes et badoises poursuivent des activités d'innovation distinctes. D'où la conclusion que les processus d'innovation observés revêtent caractère territorial spécifique. Les structures d'innovation apparaissent comme relativement stables entre 1995/96 et 2004/05. En revanche, les perceptions semblent évoluer: les conditions régionales dans lesquelles se déroulent les processus d'innovation sont perçues par les firmes innovatrices avec davantage de netteté à l'heure actuelle que dix ans auparavant. En général, l'intégration des perceptions permet d'obtenir une vision plus complète des activités d'innovation internes de la firme et de leurs relations avec les acteurs, institutions et organisations de soutien à l'innovation
Firms' innovation processes are assumed to be influenced by firm-internal and external factors, the latter resulting from the impact of the spatial environment of the innovating firm. At the centre of this thesis is the question how the region, more precisely the sum of actors and activities determining the environment of a firm, is perceived by the firms located there, and if those perceptions are related to firms' innovation processes. These topics are analysed in two neighbouring regions belonging to different national contexts: Alsace and Baden. The thesis starts with theoretical reflections referring to innovation and the region, with a special focus on the relationship between innovation, proximity and space. Nowadays, innovation is understood as interactive process, referring for instance to the chain-linked-model of innovation of Kline and Rosenberg (1986). The regional innovation system approach emphasises the interactive and systemic character of innovation. It focuses on the social dimension of innovation involving diverse actors, on proximity relations, the importance of knowledge generation, exchange and use. The innovation system approach is rooted in evolutionary economics and the assumption of bounded rationality of economic agents who act under conditions determined by uncertainty. Economic geography and regional economics aim at exploring the relationship between space and development. In the general framework of globalisation, innovation is of high importance for regions in order to compete and to prosper. Industrial districts and innovative milieus for instance focus on small and medium-sized enterprises, their interrelations and their embeddedness in the territorial context in order to explain the success of local production regimes. While the industrial districts concept emphasises flexible and specialised production modes and vertical integration of firms mainly in handcraft branches, the innovative milieu approach focuses on informal networks, interactive learning processes in innovation-supporting local settings. At the centre of the learning regions approach are creativity, learning and favourable framework conditions for the creation and diffusion of ideas and knowledge. Finally, the hypothesis of knowledge spillover from places of knowledge generation to actors located in close proximity seems to be particularly pertinent in science-based industries, as well as in initial phases of technology creation. The perception perspective adds a subjective and individual dimension to the analysis of firm innovation and the regional environment. Perception can be broadly defined as a reaction following a stimulus from the environment. The information of the external world transferred by the stimulus and the exploitation of this information are the base for a subjective representation of the environment. Psychological perception research focuses on these transfer processes between external environments' characteristics and the subjective representations of individuals. Sociologist approaches are based on the assumption that individuals "construct" their reality, a process that is based on perceptions and cognitive processes. Individuals and firms are considered as systems that interact with their environment. The latter, however, cannot directly influence system-internal processes, but rather "trigger" the evolution of the system elements. Perception geography finally focuses on the spatial behaviour of persons, based on their perceptions of the environment, thus assumes interactions between the individual and the social context - which shapes the mental framework of perception processes - in the territorial context. The analysis aims at investigating innovation-related perceptions that firm managers and persons responsible for research and development have of their environment. The analysis seeks to answer the question if there are region-specific patterns of firms' perceptions, and if perception and firms' innovation behaviours are associated. After a presentation of the socio-economic profiles of the surveyed regions, the innovation characteristics of regional actors and the respective national contexts, regional perceptions with respect to the available workforce, research and technology and the innovation climate, as well as innovation characteristics of the sample firms are analysed. The analysis is based on a survey of 93 innovating firms - manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises and knowledge-intensive business service firms - in the surveyed regions of Alsace and Baden. The sample firms have been analysed in 1995/96 and in 2004/05, which enables to retrace their innovation and perception characteristics in time. The empirical analysis – based on descriptive analyses, supplemented by a multivariate categorical principal components analysis – shows that the Alsatian and the Baden sample firms generally differ in their innovation models. This points at region-specific innovation characteristics. The sample firms' innovation patterns seem to be relatively stable between 1995/96 and 2004/05. Firms' perceptions concerning their regional environment, on the other hand, seem to have a rather evolutive character: There is a tendency among the sample firm representatives towards more decisive assessments concerning the selected characteristics of the regional environment nowadays than about ten years ago. Generally, the integration of the perception perspective enables to get a more complete picture of firm-internal innovation-related activities and their relationships with external innovation supporting actors, institutions, and organisations

Background: Few studies have delved into the relationship of the social environment with children’s physical activity and outdoor play in public playgrounds by considering gender differences. The aim of the present study was to examine gender differences and the relationship of the social environment with children’s physical activity and outdoor play in public playgrounds. Methods: A quantitative, observational study was conducted at ten playgrounds in one district of a middle-sized town in Germany. The social environment, physical activity levels, and outdoor play were measured using a modified version of the System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth. Results: In total, 266 observations of children (117 girls/149 boys) between four and 12 years old were used in this analysis. Significant gender differences were found in relation to activity types, but not in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The presence of active children was the main explanatory variable for MVPA. In the models stratified by gender, the presence of opposite-sex children was a significant negative predictor of MVPA in girls but not in boys. Conclusions: The presence of active children contributes to children’s physical activity levels in public playgrounds. Girls’ physical activity seems to be suppressed in the presence of boys.

Plurale Weltinterpretationen praktizieren wir täglich, meist ohne uns darüber bewusst zu sein. Zustande kommen sie durch die gleichzeitige und gleichwertige Existenz verschiedener Modelle der Weltinterpretation. Sie sind Produkte menschlicher Schöpferkraft und stehen als parallele Realitäten einander ergänzend und einander widersprechend nebeneinander. Das Buch führt am Beispiel der Tyva Südsibiriens in zwei Modelle der Weltinterpretation und in die Praxis des Umgangs mit ihnen ein. Es zeigt, wie einzelne lokale Akteure zwei von mehreren Modellen flexibel zum Einsatz bringen, um Situationen zu deuten und in ihnen zu handeln. Es wird deutlich, welchen Regeln die Tyva dabei folgen, welche Gründe sie leiten und welche Folgen sie zu tragen haben. Das Ergebnis ist ein Bild zeitgenössischer Kultur, das der gegenwärtig gegebenen Flexibilität und Pluralität des menschlichen Deutens, Handelns und Verhaltens gerecht wird.
Plural World Interpretations are part of our everyday lives, even if we are not aware of the fact. They result from the simultaneous existence of different but equal models for interpreting the world we live in. These models are the product of human constructivity and co-exist as parallel realities, complementing and contradicting each other. Based on fieldwork among the Tyva of southern Siberia, the book discusses the practice of dealing with this multiplicity of world interpretations and shows how individual actors oscillate flexibly between two of many possible models for interpreting specific situations and act on them. The rules Tyvans apply in varying contexts, the reasons behind their choices and the consequences they have to deal with, are analysed. The result is an account of contemporary culture that explores the flexibility and plurality of human interpretation, action and behaviour.
Мы используем множественные интерпретации мира (нем. plurale Weltinterpretationen) ежедневно и, в большинстве случаев, неосознанно. Осуществляется это за счёт одновременного и равноценного сосуществования различных моделей мировоззрения. Они являются продуктом творческой деятельностей человека и сосуществуют в качестве параллельных реальностей, дополняя и, одновременно, противореча друг другу. На примере тувинцев Южной Сибири данная книга знакомит с двумя моделями мировоззрения, а также с практикой их применения. Показывается, как локальные акторы гибко применяют две из существующего множества моделей: и для того, чтобы действовать в складывающихся ситуациях, и чтобы толковать их. Станет понятным, каким правилам при этом следуют тувинцы, какими мотивами руководствуются и какие это имеет последствия. Результатом явится картина современной культуры, которая будет отвечать имеющимся на данный момент запросам гибкости и многообразия в мировоззрении, действиях и поведении человека.

Cette thèse s’efforce d’étudier l’articulation pouvant exister entre la progression de l’apprenant et les contextes didactiques dans lesquels se déroulent la transmission et l’appropriation des langues. Elle interroge la mise en œuvre d’une didactique contextualisée qui permettrait d’optimiser l’enseignement du FLE en tant que spécialité en milieu universitaire chinois. Tout en s’intéressant aux cas des étudiants chinois de l’Université Normale de Nanjing, spécialisés en français, ce travail s’est appuyé sur un re-questionnement des notions de contextualisation et de progression en didactique des langues, au moyen d’une véritable investigation de terrain. Il s’est attaché à repérer certains facteurs qui déterminent la corrélation entre une didactique contextualisée et les progrès en français des étudiants, en distinguant leur niveau élémentaire de leurs niveaux intermédiaire et avancé. Ces analyses ouvrent la voie à de possibles interventions didactiques et pédagogiques propres à favoriser les progrès des étudiants, selon un processus de contextualisation-décontextualisation-recontextualisation
This thesis endeavors to study the link that can exist between the progression of the learner and the didactic contexts in which the transmission and appropriation of languages take place. It questions the implementation of contextualized didactics that would optimize the teaching of FLE as a specialty in Chinese universities. While focusing on the case of Chinese students from Nanjing Normal University, specialized in French, this work was based on a re-questioning of notions of contextualization and progression in language didactics, by means of a real field investigation. It focused on identifying certain factors that determine the correlation between contextualized didactics and students' progress in French, distinguishing between their elementary level and their intermediate and advanced levels. These analyzes pave the way for possible didactic and pedagogical interventions to foster student progress, according to a contextualization-decontextualization-recontextualization process

O desenvolvimento de pensamento crítico é reconhecido como um objetivo fundamental da educação no Ensino Médio. Ao contrário do que o senso comum possa indicar, o pensamento crítico não significa a simples emissão de opinião sobre determinado assunto, mas trata-se de um processo que usa considerações racionais das evidências, dos métodos e critérios próprios de determinado assunto para interpretar, analisar e avaliar um novo dado. Para tal, analisou-se a possibilidade de utilização de artigos científicos do tema \"Saúde e Ambiente\" como um recurso didático que visa a aprendizagem de conteúdos específicos multidisciplinares, o aperfeiçoamento de habilidades da comunicação oral e escrita dos alunos em linguagem científica, o contato dos alunos com o processo de construção do conhecimento científico, a aquisição da habilidade de buscar ativamente o conhecimento em fontes fidedignas. Como exercício, propõe-se o desenvolvimento de uma Unidade de Aprendizagem baseada em um artigo científico para aplicação na sala de aula do Ensino Médio que incentivam a análise crítica das relações entre saúde e ambiente embasada em conhecimentos científicos sólidos dos conceitos envolvidos. O papel do professor é agir como facilitador e preparador de um conteúdo mínimo conceitual necessário para cada atividade promovendo o desenvolvimento de habilidades
The development of critical thinking is recognized as a fundamental goal of education in high school. Critical thinking does not mean the mere issuance of opinion on a particular subject, but it is a process that uses rational considerations of evidence, methods and criteria related to a particular subject in order to interpret, analyze and evaluate new data. To this end, we analyzed the possibility of using scientific articles on the theme \"Health and Environment\" as a teaching resource aimed at specific multidisciplinary learning contents. The improvement of skills of oral and written communication of students in scientific language, to put students in contact with the process of construction of scientific knowledge and the acquisition of the ability to actively pursue knowledge in reliable sources are the main goals of this resource. The selected papers encompass skills and abilities which, when developed, are per se the cultural achievement aimed at. Moreover, the themes developed for application in the high school class room encourage critical analysis of the relationship between health and environment based on sound scientific knowledge of the concepts involved. The teacher\'s role is to act as a facilitator and trainer of the minimum conceptual content required for each activity

Cette thèse s'articule autour de deux thèmes : l'évaluation monétaire des biens environnementaux et l'innovation en environnement. Si ces deux volets sont traités séparément, ils s'attachent toutefois à contribuer à un objectif commun : la lutte contre le changement climatique. Cette thèse se décline en cinq chapitres. Le premier propose une introduction générale, qui présente les deux thèmes développés, ainsi que leur contribution au défi du changement climatique. En attribuant une valeur pécuniaire aux biens environnementaux, l'évaluation monétaire peut servir la décision publique, non seulement lors de la mise en œuvre de projets pro-environnementaux, mais aussi en aidant é évaluer les dommages causés à l'environnement. L'innovation environnementale peut encourager les transferts de technologies et une croissance plus verte, dans une volonté de développement durable. Les chapitres 2 et 3 s'intéressent aux expériences de choix, en vue d'évaluer le consentement-à-payer pour l'amélioration de la qualité de l'eau de rivières. A partir d'une enquête proposant aux résidents de choisir entre différentes options de gestion pour les rivières de leur voisinage, nous montrons dans le chapitre 2 que ces derniers sont disposés à payer pour une meilleure qualité de l'eau. Nous nous apercevons toutefois que plus de 20% des individus de notre échantillon adoptent un comportement de protestation, c'est-à-dire déclarent un consentement-à-payer nul alors même que leur valeur pour l'eau des rivières est positive. Dans le chapitre 3, nous recourons à un modèle logit emboîté, afin de prendre en compte ce type de comportement. Nous obtenons des consentements-à-payer plus élevés, signe que le modèle utilisé est mieux adapté pour traiter des données comportant des zéros de protestation. Les chapitres 4 et 5 étudient les déterminants de l'innovation en environnement. A partir de données sur les dépôts de brevets et de l'enquête d'opinion du forum économique mondial, le chapitre 4 s'intéresse à l'impact de politiques publiques sur l'innovation en matière de technologies propres dans les domaines de l'eau, de l'air et des déchets. Notre analyse met en évidence le rôle positif sur l'innovation en environnement de la capacité d'innovation globale d'un pays et de la rigueur de ses politiques environnementales. Le chapitre 5 étudie l'influence des collaborations pour la publication d'articles scientifiques sur l'innovation en matière d'énergie éolienne. Nous couplons notre base de données sur les brevets avec une base rassemblant de nombreuses références littéraires dans le domaine de la recherche scientifique. Nous montrons que les transferts de connaissance entre les pays membres et non membres de l'OCDE dans le domaine éolien contribuent à améliorer la capacité d'innovation des pays non membres de l'OCDE
This dissertation is interested in two areas of the environmental economics field: monetary valuation of environmental goods and services and environmental innovation. Even if those two fields are studied separately in this dissertation, they both aim at contributing to a common objective: fight against climate change. This dissertation ranges into five chapters. The first one is a general introduction, which depicts the two fields of the dissertation and their relevance towards climate change. Environmental valuation serves public decision through monetary valuation of environmental goods. This is useful not only for the implementation of projects directed to environmental protection, but also for the quantification of environmental damages. Environmental innovation may encourage technological transfers, but also a greener growth, in a will that our societies develop themselves following a sustainable path. Chapters 2 and 3 are interested in the choice experiments method in order to value local residents’ willingness-to-pay for water quality improvements at a specific river basin in France. Using a choice experiment with different management regimes for the river basin, we find that residents are willing-to-pay for an improved water quality. Despite this positive result, we observe a significant proportion (20%) of protest bids in our sample. Protest bids are respondents that state a zero willingness-to-pay, even though their true value for the good is positive. In order to take into account the existence of protest bids, we estimate a cross-nested logit model in chapter 3. We then obtain larger willingness-to-pay, which proves that the cross-nested logit model best fits the peculiarity of our data. Chapters 4 and 5 try to identify the drivers of environmental innovation. Using world patent data and data from the world economic forum survey, we study the impact of environmental public policies on innovation in clean technologies directed to water and air pollution, and waste. We find that both general innovative capacity and environmental policy stringency have a positive role on environment-related innovation. Chapter 5 looks at the influence of co-authorship of scientific publications on wind energy-related innovation. We use both the world patent database and the “Scopus” database, which contains lots of scientific literature references. We highlight the existence of knowledge spillovers between OECD and NON-OECD countries. Therefore, we show that knowledge transfers, regarding wind energy-related innovation, between OECD and NON-OECD countries contribute to improve NON-OECD countries' innovative capacity

Environmental changes significantly impact health behavior. Active travel behavior is mostly affected by increasing motorization, urban sprawl, and traffic safety. Especially for children, active and independent travel can contribute to physical activity, social and motor development, and other health-related outcomes. A reduced number of children engaging in independent mobility over the last 20 years demanded researchers to further examine the construct of children’s independent mobility. By examining relevant literature, this narrative review aims to provide the current state of knowledge on children’s independent mobility, and identify future directions in research, as well as practical implications. From a public health perspective, considering children’s independent mobility in intervention programs is recommended, since it is associated with numerous health and environmental benefits. To develop interventions, multilevel socio-ecological influences on children’s independent mobility are widely examined; however, evidence is limited due to heterogeneous measurements and a lack of high-quality prospective studies. To oppose the decline in children’s independent mobility, further analysis using comparable measures is needed to understand the determinants of children’s independent mobility and to enable international comparison.

碩士
銘傳大學
設計管理研究所碩士班
96
As the rise in environmentalism, the government also positively pushes environmental protection policy, establishes the related concepts, and popularizes the importance of environmental protection through the publications. Therefore, instead of lecturing notes, the need for applying the aesthetic perception – the visual communication design – to the publications in order to attract readers’ cognition and attention has become an important issue. It is for this reason this study was carried out by focusing on the design of the current government environmental publications and consumers’ perception and preference on the government environmental publications. It hopes to induce the guidelines for the content and aesthetic design elements of the environmental publications to provide designers a useful reference for the future design on the environmental publications. Five government environmental publications were used as the subjects in this study. At the first, the points of emphasis for the content and aesthetic design elements of the government environmental publications were induced by literature review. Then, a detailed analysis on the design of the five government environmental publications was carried out, and a questionnaire survey by the Internet was also carried out in order to understand respondents’ attitudes toward the content and aesthetic design elements of the publications. Finally, the results obtained from the questionnaire were statistically analysed. The results are as follows: first, in the aspect of the public’s attitude toward the content and aesthetic design elements, sample two, the publication from Tainan city government, receives higher average. Sample two, in contrast with others, provides more complete information. In terms of aesthetic design elements, the font size and the color are more suitable and flexible. In addition, sample two obtains the higher evaluation by virtue of the high quality of the typography, the graphic design, the color using, and the layout. Second, in the aspect of having the design background or not, there is a significant difference in the color using. However, there are no significant differences on the evaluation of the content and aesthetic design elements of the government environmental publications. Third, there exists very high relationship among the typography, the graphic design, the color using, and the layout of the aesthetic design elements of the environmental publications. In addition, the color using has the most prediction ability on the preference of the publications. Therefore, it can more increase readers’ satisfaction on environmental publications, if the color can meet the preference of readers when carrying on the color plan of environmental publications.

碩士
世新大學
圖文傳播暨數位出版學研究所(含碩專班)
97
Paper abstract content: How to build a complete set of process indicators of environmental protection, we must face, from design, R & D side, manufacturing side to proceed with the implementation. In this study, the environmental point of view from the publications, green design, printing, verification and testing of environmental protection, environmentally friendly paper, ink to explore the level of environmental protection, and to "National Park" as the research object publications, research publications in line with environmental requirements.(National Park 7: 1. Kenting National Park 2. Yushan National Park 3. Yangmingshan National Park 4. Taroko National Park 5. Shei-Pa National Park 6. Kinmen National Park 7. Dongsha Atoll National Park). The study by interviewed expert manufacturers and ROHS analysis of the experimental testing to verify compliance with environmental protection and regulations in order to create environmental graphic design process, as well as process control project, its findings and recommendations are as follows: findings： （A）ROHS environmental protection standard and the ISO14000 standard for the most basic norms of chapter. （B）The Environmental Protection Department, academia, printing research center to promote the cooperation in environmental protection printing Mark Certification. （C）The Mark of environmental protection and effective incentives to improve norms and the image. （D）To establish of the manufacturers’ environmentally printing process Recommendation: （A）the future of graphic design print production, should be looking for companies with environmental certification （B）The Research Center to help promote environmental Mark （C）The establishment of environmental certification process for the printing manufacturers. （D）The Government Publications should have Act and policies to make promotion andimplementation. （E）To counseling design companies, printing firms to get the certification ofenvironmental protection as the business standard to follows.

碩士
世新大學
資訊管理學研究所(含碩專班)
97
With the rapid development of electronic commerce and information technology, the traditional physical store trading has evolved to digital store trading. And with the effect of Internet environment and the promotions of Government, digital publications industry grows fast. However, what digital content providers concern are the trading fluency of digital publications on electronic commerce platform, the protection of contents while trading, copyright transfer, flow tracking, and rights management. The research combined with the features of digital rights management. It manages digital publications by using digitial rights management methods, and proposes the schema of trading digital publications via electronic auction. The research not only pushes ahead with the flow of digital publications to greater flexibility, creates another way of revenue, but also makes every dollar the user spend the most cost-effective. The research proposed a simple process and a convenient platform for digital publications for auction in order to protect the privacies of both buyers and sellers. Furthermore, it can trace digital publications in an electronic auction environment, and we can effectively control the flow of copyright. In addition, by using simple cryptography techniques supplemented with encryption technology, we can ensure the security of information transactions, thereby providing a mechanism of safe and fair digital publications electronic auction.

The Internet has received a phenomenal success over the past few decades. However, the increasing demands on the Internet usage and the rapid evolution of the applications and services provided over the Internet have demonstrated that the current Internet architecture is unsuitable for supporting many types of applications. Moreover, its ubiquity and multi-provider nature make nearly impossible the introduction of radical changes or improvements without coordination and consensus between many providers. Thus, any technological changes in the current Internet architecture could result in unintended consequences on the overall Internet usage. Network virtualization is considered as promising, yet challenging, solution to overcome these limitations. It commonly refers to the creation of several isolated logical networks that can coexist on the same shared physical network infrastructures. Its key concept is to enable several network architectures to run concurrently in a multi-role-oriented environment in which the role of the traditional Internet Service Provider (ISP) is decoupled into several roles such as infrastructure provider (InP), virtual network provider (VNP) and service provider (SP). Despite the promising benefits, this concept is associated with many challenges. These, among others, include the description and publication as well as discovery of resources on which virtual networks are deployed. In this thesis, we define a broker-based architecture that provides functions for publishing, discovering and negotiating as well as instantiating and managing resources in network virtualization environment. We proposed an information model that assists various providers in describing the resources and services they offer and we implemented a proof of concept prototype to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed architecture. Moreover, we have conducted extensive experiments to evaluate the performance and the scalability of the implemented system.

碩士
淡江大學
教育資料科學學系
83
According to the new revised Copyright Law, this studyesearched: 1)the applicability of protection the electronic publications in networked environment; 2)the influences of legal problems in use for the users, publishers, and copyright owners in information environment; 3) the management role of the libraries under the copyright laws in order to avoide infringing the copyright laws; 4) the legal use of the network users in order to fair use electronic publications; 5) the ways for authors and publishers to protect their publications without illegal use by others. Beside, this article also provided the model of electronic copyright managements system and effects in international academic network for references. The viewpoint for the legislation of copyright law in future also mentioned in this article.

碩士
臺北市立大學
地球環境暨生物資源學系環境教育與資源碩士班
105
The purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness of teachers in the implementation of the " New Taipei City Junior Commissioner of Environmental Protection Department " (hereinafter referred to as the " Environmental Protection Small Director Bimonthly") issued by the New North City Environmental Protection Bureau for the implementation of environmental education courses in schools. The influence of curriculum on students' environmental cognition and environmental attitude. The study object is a primary school of New Taipei City, third grade students four classes a total of hundred people.To quasi-experimental design method, in the experimental group, in order to organize students to conduct four courses designed by the " Environmental protection small director Bimonthly "; the control group was students who did not have their own courses and read on their own after received the " Environmental protection small director Bimonthly " publications Researchers use the " Primary School Students' Environmental Cognition and Attitude Questionnaire" as a measurement tool. Respectively, before and after the teaching evaluation, and before and after the test data for statistical analysis to assess the effectiveness of teaching. The results show that： 1. The use of " Environmental Protection Small Director Bimonthly " environmental education publications for environmental education courses can effectively improve the children's environmental cognition; but there is no significant difference in the improvement of school students' attitude towards the environment. 2. Different background variables have significant differences in school children's environmental cognition;have no significant differences in school children's environmental attitude. Finally, based on the results of the study, I hope this study can provide reference for schools, relevant environmental authorities and future research.

The purpose of this research was to discover the impact of naming practices among North American Indians on name authority control. In order to address all the aspects, the main problem was divided into the following subproblems: 1. What are the naming practices among North American Indians? 2. Are North American Indian names found in the publication environment? 3. Is it necessary to standardize North American Indian names? 4. What are the authority control rules for North American Indian names and are they adequate? 5. How are North American Indian names presented in national authority files? North American Indian names showed three different forms: European, traditional, and mixed. Name sequences and name sets were also identified. If these name sequences and sets are found in the publication environment, provision should be made for the name forms in authority control systems. All of the sample North American Indian name forms (as well as names sets) were found in the identified academic texts, popular books, children’s books, and textbooks. So these forms and sequences had to either fit the current authority control system or the system would have to be modified to meet the new names. The thesis documented how Native American Indian name forms present specific problems of standardization. The necessity of addressing these problems was confirmed. The rules in two of the central authority control reference sources, AACR2R and Names of persons: national usages for entry in catalogues, were examined. Deficiencies were identified with regard to North American Indian names and changes suggested. Presentation of North American Indian names in national bibliographies was a final test to determine the impact of North American Indian names on name authority control. The forms of North American Indian names in the national bibliographies studied varied substantially, which is an indication of the lack of standardization of the names.
Thesis (DPhil (Information Science))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Information Science
unrestricted