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Tesi sul tema "Environmental controversy"
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1
Hamilton, James A. (James Andrew). "The influence of environmental justice on the dioxin controversy". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39383.
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Dyer, Peter James. "Space and place in the THORP controversy". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285398.
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Isbell, Rory James. "COPPER, CONTROVERSY, AND CONTRAINTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMAGINARIES AT ROSEMONT VALLEY, ARIZONA". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192496.
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4
Palfreman, Jon. "Communicating controversy in the mass media". Thesis, University of South Wales, 2005. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/communicating-controversy-in-the-mass-media(65320260-4d82-4ec9-82ac-a7cf363f0e13).html.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This doctoral submission grew out of a series of long form documentaries that I wrote, produced, and directed between 1993 and the present. The films, which were broadcast on US television's PBS network, all deal with scientific, medical, or environmental issues that developed into prominent national and international controversies. DVDs and scripts of the seven programs are provided along with a detailed overview. The submission is organized as three projects and an overview. 1. Project One (discussed in chapters 3-7) consists of three documentaries: the first about a novel therapy for autism ; the second dealing with the alleged health effects of power line electromagnetic fields ; and the third focused on the silicone breast implant controversy. 2. Project Two (discussed in chapters 8-11) consists of programs on nuclear energy, Gulf War Syndrome, and genetically modified foods. 3. Project Three (discussed in chapters 12-14) features a two-hour special investigation of global warming. 4. The Overview, Communicating Controversy in the Mass Media not only provides an overarching analysis of the portfolio of films and the attendant theoretical issues, but also serves to summarize the works themselves. In the Project sections of the written overview (chapters 3-14), the analysis is interwoven with extracts from the various documentaries. This portfolio and overview tells the evolving story of a body of work at the intersection of documentary, investigative journalism and science. It reveals the journey of one producer who started out with an interest in unpacking complex controversies, but became increasingly fascinated with the psychological and political dimensions of these narratives. Whether a particular controversial belief holds up under scrutiny is undoubtedly important. But there are other fascinating questions: why do people adopt such beliefs in the first place; why do individuals cling to their beliefs in the face of contrary scientific evidence; and what roles do special interests and the media play in amplifying or attenuating the public's hopes and fears? This portfolio and overview, therefore, not only examine a series of high profile controversies, but go further by: explaining the process by which these topics were turned into documentaries; exploring the way humans analyze, perceive and communicate benefits and risks; and critically examining the validity and ethical standing of modern television journalism. This submission represents a significant contribution to knowledge in several ways. First this series of in-depth, original investigations of environmental and health controversies from one producer is unparalleled in broadcast journalism. Second, the overview's analysis synthesizes and extends a wide range of social science research on risk assessment, risk perception and risk communication and applies this research to the featured controversies and the media's role in them. Third, the portfolio and overview reveal how a blend of documentary, journalism and science is an especially effective way of advancing public understanding of and engagement with modern scientific controversies and goes on to suggest some exciting new directions for communicators. Finally, the case studies in this portfolio provide a basis of knowledge about how communicators can effectively use audiovisual media to navigate the world of risks and benefits that permeates many of society's most crucial policy dilemmas.
5
Pop, Alina [Verfasser]. "Rosia Montana: Social Representations around an Environmental Controversy in Romania / Alina Pop". Aachen : Shaker, 2014. http://d-nb.info/105034202X/34.
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Lee, Hosuk. "The political ecology of environmental justice environmental struggle and injustice in the Yeongheung Island Coal Plant controversy /". Tallahassee, Florida : Florida State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08212009-224813.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2009.Advisors: Dan Klooster and Tony Stallins, Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Dept. of Geography. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed on April 19, 2010). Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 190 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
7
Sharman, Amelia. "Climate change as a knowledge controversy : investigating debates over science and policy". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3239/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Understanding climate change as a knowledge controversy, this thesis provides new insights into the form, value and impact of the climate change debate on science and policy processes. Based on 99 interviews in New Zealand and the United Kingdom as well as social network analysis, it provides an original contribution to knowledge by identifying previously unknown sites of knowledge contestation within the climate change debate, in addition to contributory factors, and potential solutions to, debate polarisation. It also addresses a fundamental gap in the literature regarding the impact of controversy on the production of scientific knowledge and policy decision-making. This thesis comprises five standalone papers (Chapters 2-6) which together explore climate change as a knowledge controversy using frameworks from science and technology studies, sociology and geography. Chapter 2 finds that the most central blogs within the climate sceptical blogosphere predominantly focus on the scientific element of the climate debate. It argues that by acting as an alternative public site of expertise, the blogosphere may be playing a central role in perpetuating doubt regarding the scientific basis for climate change policymaking. Chapter 3 suggests that the binary and dualistic format of labels used within the climate debate such as “denier” or “alarmist” contribute towards polarisation by reducing possibilities for constructive dialogue. Chapter 4 investigates rationales for debate participation and argues that identifying and emphasising commonalities between previously polarised individuals may serve to reduce antagonism within the climate change debate. Chapter 5 investigates the impact of controversy on the production of scientific knowledge and finds that climate scientists identify substantial impacts on their agency as scientists, but not on scientific practice. It argues that this distinction indicates that boundarymaking may be understood as a more active and explicit process under conditions of controversy. Finally, Chapter 6 introduces the concept of post-decisional logics of inaction, emphasising the role of place in determining the influence of controversial knowledge claims on climate change policymaking. These findings make explicit the underlying politics of knowledge inherent within the climate change debate, and emphasise the need for a more attentive consideration of the role of knowledge, place and performativity in contested science and policy environments.
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Van, Huizen Philip. "Flooding the border : development, politics, and environmental controversy in the Canadian-U.S. Skagit Valley". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44595.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation is a case study of the 1926 to 1984 High Ross Dam Controversy, one of the longest cross-border disputes between Canada and the United States. The controversy can be divided into two parts. The first, which lasted until the early 1960s, revolved around Seattle’s attempts to build the High Ross Dam and flood nearly twenty kilometres into British Columbia’s Skagit River Valley. British Columbia favoured Seattle’s plan but competing priorities repeatedly delayed the province’s agreement. The city was forced to build a lower, 540-foot version of the Ross Dam instead, to the immense frustration of Seattle officials.
British Columbia eventually agreed to let Seattle raise the Ross Dam by 122.5 feet in 1967. Following the agreement, however, activists from Vancouver and Seattle, joined later by the Upper Skagit, Sauk-Suiattle, and Swinomish Tribal Communities in Washington, organized a massive environmental protest against the plan, causing a second phase of controversy that lasted into the 1980s. Canadian and U.S. diplomats and politicians finally resolved the dispute with the 1984 Skagit River Treaty. British Columbia agreed to sell Seattle power produced in other areas of the province, which, ironically, required raising a different dam on the Pend d’Oreille River in exchange for not raising the Ross Dam.
I make two broad arguments about the controversy that differ from how stories of environmental conflict are usually told. First, the two types of politics that defined each era of the six-decade controversy – the politics of development and the politics of the environment – were not antithetical; rather, both were part of a larger tension between modernization and the politics of place. Politicians had to balance large-scale, universalized ideas about both dams and wilderness with sentiment tied to territorial boundaries, and often delayed or deferred making decisions about the controversy as a result. Second, representatives from various levels of government in Canada and the United States eventually solved this tension with a type of liberal environmentalist compromise that hinged on the belief that residents had a right to both cheap energy and pristine nature.
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Woods, Laura. "Beaufort County & the BASF Controversy: Reframing the Struggle Against Poverty as Environmental Resistance". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1222.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 1969 a German company, Badishe Anilin und Sodafabrik (BASF), sited a petrochemical facility in Beaufort County, South Carolina. Protests broke out, largely led by Charles E. Fraser, a man well-known for developing Beaufort County's Hilton Head Island into a famous Southern resort community. However, Beaufort's black residents largely supported the construction of the facility, an act that has been traditionally reduced to their attempts to secure jobs. Given that the majority of Beaufort's black residents lived in such poor conditions that they suffered myriad diseases, this paper argues that black Americans were instead engaged in ecological struggles within the confines of their homes.
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Mando, Justin D. "Fracking and the Construction of Proximity: The Public Rhetoric of Place in an Environmental Controversy". Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/846.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
his dissertation investigates the rhetorical strategies of speakers at county-level public hearings on hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) with specific focus on the role of the place-based appeal as an argumentative resource to deliberative rhetoric. This study begins with a March 10, 2011 hearing on hydraulic fracturing held at the Allegheny County Courthouse and expands to include seven other public hearings on the same topic. These public hearings are viewed as sites of “ordinary democracy” where local government and citizens work vocally for the common good of their community. The ordinary democracy approach requires a withholding of normative theories of the public sphere to first study democracy as it exists in its local institutions. To examine this corpus of public deliberative rhetoric by citizen speakers, this study uses a combination of discourse analysis, rhetorical analysis and computer-aided corpus analysis. My analysis reveals that place-based arguments are a ubiquitous rhetorical resource in the dispute over hydraulic fracturing and perhaps more broadly. In the hydraulic fracturing controversy, fracking supporters (pro-frackers) and opponents (anti-frackers) use their experience in places to build ethos, communicate risk, identify with their audience, and to advance deliberative argument. Despite these common aims, pro- and anti-frackers represent places in markedly different ways. Pro-frackers tend to represent places from an “aerial view” that is zoomed out and emphasizes coverage over detail. Anti-frackers use a different strategy that presents an “on-the-ground” view of the places they depict, providing detailed representations of single scenes. In my second chapter, I show that anti- and pro-frackers use synecdoche differently to represent natural, industrial and home sites as, respectively, a whole made of unique parts or a whole that subsumes its parts with implications on the need to protect these places. In the third and fourth chapters, I introduce vicarious proximity appeals and use them as a unit of analysis to further differentiate rhetorical strategies used by pro- and antifrackers. Vicarious proximity appeals are first-person descriptive accounts that bear witness to changes in places. These appeals are attempts to provide audience members with the vicarious experience of being in a place. Speakers at the hearings report how places have transformed over time, such as state park space that is now the site of a drilling operation or a small town previously destitute that is now bustling. Speakers use these appeals because they believe if the audience experienced what they have experienced, their positions on the issue would match. As a unit of analysis, vicarious proximity appeals show how place is used in deliberative argument, but it also reveals micro-rhetorical features of place representation that are used as a strategy of apologia, or image repair. I conclude by arguing that place-based rhetoric is a valuable tool in public deliberation to communicate risk, identify with audiences, and establish ethos. Place-based rhetoric also functions as an interface that connects the global and the local. Supported by the differing representational practices of the groups I have studied, my dissertation demonstrates the power of the discursively-constructed place as a lens for analysis and insight. My work also encourages citizens to draw on shared places as a rhetorical resource when they go public.
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Simmons, Erica (Erica Kathleen). "Communicating science amid environmental controversy : how scientists interact with policy in the San Francisco Bay-Delta". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81644.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-63).
In controversies over environmental management, participants often call for policies based on the best available science. However, environmental controversies are rarely simply disputes over scientific knowledge; instead, they are driven by stakeholders' conflicting interests and values. In this context, science often becomes a part of the political dispute, used and interpreted differently by different actors in the policy process. Scientists, therefore, face the challenge of communicating their research to non-scientific audiences-such as stakeholders, policy makers, and the general public-in a highly politicized context. This essay examines how scientists perceive their role in the policy process and how they navigate the intersection of science and policy in the San Francisco Bay-Delta, a region that has been the site of decades of scientific research and controversy over environmental management. This essay examines three cases: the CALFED Science Program, which built a policy-neutral body of research to support a collaborative planning process in the Bay-Delta that began in 2000; the interdisciplinary Bay- Delta policy reports which scientists from the University of California, Davis and the Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) have published from 2007 to 2013 in reaction to policy failures; and a series of radio stories and interactive web maps that the San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) produced in 2012 with KQED, a San-Francisco-based public media station, to communicate their research to a general California audience. These cases show how scientists in the Bay-Delta have struggled with the tension between communicating their research in a way that is salient to policy discussions and maintaining their legitimacy within scientific and policy communities. They also show an increasing political sophistication among scientists in the Bay- Delta as they have continued to engage in the policy process and an expanding scale of engagement, from working directly with the policy community to communicating about Bay- Delta ecology and policy with the general public. These approaches, while different, complement each other, demonstrating how scientists can communicate their research in a variety of ways depending on their relationship to the policy community.
by Erica Simmons.
M.C.P.
12
Cato, Mary E. "The Limits of Law as Technology for Environmental Policy: A Case Study of the Bronx Community Paper Company". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36754.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines environmental law as a social technology, using approaches from science and technology studies, including methods for studying controversies as well as actornetwork and technology transfer concepts. Legal technologies, including statutes, regulations, and lawsuits, have become significant participants in United States environmental policy. That policy developed during the twentieth century in response to contrasting concerns about nature (development of natural resources vs. protection of native species and wilderness), along with growing concern about urban environmental issues (such as air and water quality, and waste disposal). The environmental movement that began after World War II gained power with provisions incorporated into 1970s environmental legislation allowing citizens to sue polluting industries and corporations. Opposition to environmentalism developed in the 1980s, as wise use and property rights movements seeking to expand development of natural resources, and an environmental justice movement concerned with issues and constituencies not addressed by mainstream environmental organizations. As a result of that opposition, the environmental movement in the United States has strengthened, and broadened both the memberships in varied organizations and the range of issues addressed. A case study of the Bronx Community Paper Company provides an example of the current state of environmental law and policy in the United States, and the limited ability of legal technologies to resolve increasingly complex environmental controversies.Master of Science
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Marsh, Robert Clinton III. "A Historical Overview of the Bumpass Cove Landfill Controversy, 1972-2002". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/691.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With the assistance of information collected by residents of Bumpass Cove, Tennessee Department of Public Health records, and interviews with residents and local health officials, this study provides a historical overview of the inception of Bumpass Cove Landfill, the resulting problems stemming from its misuse, and the reaction of a persistent community during the 1970s and early 1980s. In its early days, Bumpass Cove was an active and productive mining site; however, the area would become a threat to the local residents’ safety with the opening of Bumpass Cove Sanitary Landfill. Years of illegal hazardous waste land filling wreaked havoc on the environment and endangered area residents’ health. In the end, citizen protest and the intervention of the Superfund Program would result in the closing of the landfill and the restoration of the area. Taken together, these occurrences paint a vivid picture of the controversy surrounding Bumpass Cove Landfill.
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Hajer, Maarten A. "The politics of environmental discourse : a study of the acid rain controversy in Great Britain and the Netherlands". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357325.
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Kurtz, Hilda Elizabeth. "The politics of environmental justice as a politics of scale : the case of the Shintech controversy, St. James Parish, Louisiana /". ON-CAMPUS Access For University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Click on "Connect to Digital Dissertations", 2000. http://www.lib.umn.edu/articles/proquest.phtml.
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Goossens, Tim. "Nurturing Natural Gas : Conflict and Controversy of Natural Gas Extraction in the Netherlands". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324195.
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Connor, Lena R. "Justified By Faith: The Upper Susquehanna Lutheran Synod and the Pennsylvania Natural Gas Fracking Controversy". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/83.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
An exercise in applied Christian ecotheology, this thesis focuses on a community of Lutheran church bodies (ELCA) in North Central Pennsylvania as they grappled with natural gas hydraulic fracturing in the summer of 2012. In the paper, I employ a combination of theological, environmental, historical, and ethnographic research methodologies to ground my analysis of how this synod of Lutherans to date has approached the fracking boom. My primary research question is: How might the Upper Susquehanna Synod of the ELCA--as a representative body of 131 Lutheran churches that are steeped in tradition--use its history, community involvement, theology, and church structure to address an ecological quandary like fracking? I answer this question in four sections, with each chapter focusing on a different thematic sub-question. Though I borrow techniques from the social sciences, I have written this thesis as a narrative, in order to draw the reader into this fascinating community. Instead of separating my literature review from my ethnographic data, I blend the two together in each chapter, weaving together quotes from synod members with secondary source material. Embedded throughout the report are also maps that I have produced using a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technique to give the story a spatial dimension. Additionally, I use photographs of the synod counties to enhance the reader’s understanding of the region’s ecological and cultural landscapes.
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McBride, Tess. "Examining News Coverage and Framing in the Context of Environmental Reporting: Using the Sea Lion and Salmon Controversy at the Bonneville Dam as a Case Study". PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/266.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines how the construction of news stories reveals relationships among groups of stakeholders and how their views unfold within environmental conflict coverage. This study uses a content analysis of 161 newspaper articles concerning the sea lion and salmon controversy at the Bonneville Dam, focusing on source use and blame and solution frames in environmental conflict coverage. This analysis of articles published between January 2003 and June 2010 in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, California, and Montana contributes to research concerning journalistic norms (i.e., balance and objectivity) and news production routines, specifically within the field of environmental reporting. The findings indicate governmental sources were most frequently quoted and presented the most successful solution frames; while advocacy/non-profit sources were quoted less frequently (in addition to tribal sources) and presented the most blame and failed solution frames. Additionally, this research reflects on the role of news filters, including journalistic norms and legal issues, and explores the relationship between blame frames and failed solution frames, which is perhaps a reflection of the role of spokespeople and media jargon.
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Dudo, Anthony David. "An environmental controversy how newspapers framed coverage of the Bush administration's proposal to drill for oil and gas in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (Alaska) /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.65Mb., 129 p, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1428181.
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Beder, Sharon Science & Technology Studies (STS) UNSW. "From pipe dreams to tunnel vision : engineering decision-making and Sydney's sewerage system". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Science and Technology Studies (STS), 1989. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20621.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The broad theme of this thesis is engineering decision-making. The various factors that shape technological development are investigated using the development of Sydney's sewerage system as a case study. The thesis focuses on various key decisions, past and present, including the choice of water-carriage technology for sewage collection, the selection of sewage treatment technologies, and on-going preference of engineers and bureaucrats for ocean disposal. Also covered are the legislative and regulatory mechanisms, the policies of the Sydney Water Board with regard to industrial waste disposal and the relationship between the Board and the public. A study was made of historical documents, engineering reports and papers, parliamentary debates, annual reports, minutes, newspaper reports and secondary sources and personal interviews were conducted. Various bodies of literature were referred to and used, including the books and articles on the history and sociology of engineers, the politics of expertise and public participation and the emerging discipline of science and technology studies. It is concluded that the development of Sydney's sewerage system has been shaped by social, political and economic factors and that engineers have played a pivotal role in the decisions made through their deliberate shaping of knowledge and the performance of predictions they have made for various options. The decisions made in this way have been defended against public opinion and public participation in the decision-making process has been kept to a minimum. This thesis supports the argument that technology is socially constructed, that the technical cannot be separated from the social, and that an interactive model of technological development is more appropriate than a linear, causal one. It shows that the role of power in the shaping of technology is crucial, and in particular the alliance of state and professional power that occurs in the shaping of public sector technology.
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Haye, Lisa. "Les loisirs motorisés hors route. Conflits controverse et réseaux d'actants". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209601.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le développement récent des Loisirs Motorisés Hors Route (LMHR) suscite une controverse et de vives réactions dans les milieux du sport et de la protection de l'environnement. Le phénomène est encore peu étudié, à la fois du fait qu'il est récent, que l'argumentation relève de plusieurs disciplines et que les loisirs motorisés, s'ils font partie sans problème de l'outdoor recreation nord-américaine, sont rejetés en France par les autres sportifs et ne sont pas reconnus de façon évidente comme relevant du domaine d'une discipline particulière.Afin de combler un manque dans la littérature scientifique française, cette thèse vise à apporter une connaissance fine de la dynamique de la controverse – en tant qu'échange d'arguments génériques – et des conflits dont les LMHR font l'objet. Elle présente deux originalités majeures : sa thématique et son approche combinant les théories de l'acteur-réseau avec les outils de visualisation et d'analyse de réseau basés sur la théorie des graphes. Cette construction théorique et méthodologique visait à interroger les interrelations entre la controverse portée par des collectifs présents sur la scène nationale et les conflits et interactions sur le terrain. Pour cela, nous avons mené des enquêtes sur quatre scènes : la scène nationale (composée de collectifs pro et anti-motorisé, de Fédérations, de constructeurs, de gestionnaires et décideurs et d'élus) ; deux scènes locales conflictuelles où des démarches de gestion sont en cours (le PNR du Pilat et les Chambarans) ; une scène locale où aucun conflit n'est visible sur la scène publique (le canton de La Grave – Villar d'Arène).
Nos résultats montrent, que bien que la controverse trouve ses racines dans des conflits sur le terrain, il n'existerait pas de coprésence entre acteurs qui s'opposent. D'abord, en l'absence de conflit, la scène de La Grave apparaît déconnectée du reste du réseau. Ensuite, les détracteurs des LMHR se mobilisent dans la controverse mais ne cherchent pas directement à agir sur le terrain. Par contre, les défenseurs de la pratique s'impliquent, eux, aux deux niveaux. Enfin, les gestionnaires et agents de la police de l'environnement confrontés à la gestion des activités, nouent des liens sur le terrain et au niveau national, à la fois avec les défenseurs et les détracteurs des LMHR ; devenant parfois des acteurs-passerelles.
D'un point de vue théorique et méthodologique, les outils de visualisation et d'analyse de réseau ont montré leur intérêt dans le cadre d'une approche par l'acteur-réseau ; les perspectives apparaissent riches.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Rushbrook, Elisabeth Louise. "Models of controversy : reflections on cultural theory and the GM crop debate". Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2002. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3078/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the 1990s social scientists researching public perceptions of GM foods recommended the introduction of new modes of public participation to make decision-making more inclusive. This research utilises categories and concepts from cultural theory (as developed by anthropologists Mary Douglas, Michael Thompson and Steve Rayner, and political scientists Aaron Wildavsky and Richard Ellis) as tools to consider how a range of opinions, illustrated by cultural theory's ideal types, were represented within the GM crop debate. By doing so, it considers whether this approach supports the notion that greater public participation would improve inclusiveness. Furthermore, it considers how best to model the ways that individuals utilised the discourse of cultural theory's ideal types, and whether this has implications for seeking greater inclusiveness. The research is based upon 55 one-to-one interviews that were conducted with various individuals engaged in the GM crop debate in 2000, and secondary sources of data such as media coverage, electronic mailing lists and public meetings between 1996 and 2002. It was determined that the discourses of cultural theory's ideal types were best presented along a continuum, with the hierarchists in the centre and the egalitarians and individualists at either extreme. Within the wider public debate, the media and public reflected the concerns of egalitarians, while government discourse reflected the concerns of hicrarchists. By enabling the public to have a greater say in decision-making,it is asserted that decisions will favour the egalitarian outlook and will ignore the wisdom of cultural theory's other ideal types. Furthermore, since the discourse of those engaged in the debate included all but the most fatalistic comments made by members of the public, it is argued that public participation is unlikely to bring any new voices to the debate. Rather than introducing new modes of public participation,t his research recommends that the government actively consults with individuals already engaged in the GM crop debate on all issues, including those of a more political nature. The aim of such an exercise would be to identify, communicate and consider the full range of opinions available so that decisions can become more fully informed, transparent and trusted.
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Berger, Tristan. "L'accès aux informations environnementales et sanitaires : le cas des substances chimiques, des OGM et des médicaments". Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01D006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thalidomide, amiante, tabac, PCB, benzène, valproate, dexfenfluramine, ECB, implants PIP, chlordécone, BPA, glyphosate, etc. La liste est désormais longue d’atteintes à l’environnement et à la santé qui ont miné la confiance du public à l’égard du mode de gestion des risques et des institutions. Pour ces raisons, l’exigence de transparence en matière de risque environnemental et sanitaire n’a cessé de croître, non seulement dans un but d’information directe des citoyens, mais aussi dans l’objectif de construire une contre-expertise, un nombre croissant d’associations ou de chercheurs ambitionnant ainsi de contrôler la véracité des expertises officielles et entendant contester l’action ou l’inertie des autorités publiques ou des entreprises. Aussi les agences d’expertise font-elles de plus en plus régulièrement l’objet de demandes d’accès aux informations environnementales et sanitaires, y compris à des données des plus précises et techniques en vue d’éprouver leur fiabilité. Malgré l’amélioration des droits d’accès du public aux informations durant quarante années et l’affichage constant d’une politique d’open data, la présente thèse met en évidence les difficultés du public à accéder à ces informations avant tout parce que celles-ci, qui viennent à l’appui des demandes d’autorisation, sont produites par les entreprises. Ne négligeant pas les causes classiquement analysées par la doctrine (longueur des délais, culture du secret, complexité des règles et des situations), la thèse s’attache à identifier les limites systémiques à l’accès du public aux informations environnementales et sanitaires. Elle met notamment en relief trois séries de facteurs structurels. D’une part, le dispositif d’évaluation de la sécurité des produits, confié aux entreprises, intrinsèquement porteur d’un risque de conflits d’intérêts, qui nuit ainsi à la fiabilité des données à l’accès desquelles le public a droit. D’autre part, l’existence de droits de propriété intellectuelle sur les données produites par les entreprises, qui entraîne leur privatisation. Enfin, le manque de pouvoir des agences publiques d’expertise, prises en étau entre les entreprises, qui entendent protéger leurs informations, et le public, qui en revendique l’accès. Trois types de cas – substances chimiques, OGM et médicaments – sont étudiés pour mettre en lumière ces limites structurelles aux droits d’accès et, du même coup, à l’approfondissement de la démocratie du risqueThalidomide, asbestos, tobacco, PCB, benzene, valproate, dexfenfluramine, ECB, PIP implants, chlordecone, BPA, glyphosate, etc., there is now a long list of environmental and health risks that both affected risk management and undermined the public’s trust towards institutions. In this context, the issue of transparency related to environmental and health risks has continued to grow, not only for the purpose of directly informing citizens, but also for the purpose of building a counterexpertise, with a growing number of organizations or researchers seeking to review and check official expertise, and to challenge the action or the inertia of public authorities or companies. As a result, expert agencies increasingly receive requests to access environmental and health information, including to detailed datasets and techniques to test their reliability. Despite the progress that has characterized public rights to access information over the past forty years and the display of an open data policy, this thesis is based on the observation that access to information regimes are not effective. Going beyond the causes traditionally analyzed by doctrine (length of the delays, culture of secrecy, complexity), the thesis seeks to identify systemic limits to public access to environmental and health information. In particular, it highlights three sets of structural factors. First, the system for assessing product safety, entrusted to companies, inherently carries a risk of conflicts of interest and therefore undermines the reliability of the data to which the public is entitled. Second, the claim of intellectual property rights on data produced by companies, subjects them to a privatization process. Third, the lack of enforcement power of expert agencies, caught in a stranglehold between the exclusive rights of companies and the rights of public access. Three case studies – chemicals, GMOs and medicines – are used to highlight these structural limitations to access rights and, simultaneously, to deepen ecological and health democracy
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Nicolai-Hernández, Vagner Aparecido de. "Educação ambiental e temas controversos : os conflitos socioambientais no contexto de um processo de formação continuada /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90185.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Orientador: Luiz Marcelo de CarvalhoBanca: Dalva Maria Biachini Bonotto
Banca: Ivan Amorosino do Amaral
Uma breve revisão dos determinantes históricos na temática ambiental e, mais especificamente, da educação ambiental, revelam que a incorporação da educação ambiental aos nossos currículos não foi exatamente democrática. Neste contexto, a construção de concepções limitadas tanto pela escola quanto pelos meios de comunicação, conforme apontado em diversas pesquisas, se repete nas práticas de educação ambiental, contribuindo com a opção histórica de se escamotear as controvérsias que existem nas diversas áreas do conhecimento humano. Porém, alguns setores da própria mídia, embora não enfaticamente, e as dinâmicas socioeconômicas, políticas e pessoais atuais levam a uma explicitação dos determinantes dos conflitos socioambientais. De acordo com esta dinâmica contemporânea que inclui também uma realocação das instituições como a escola pública, ganham importância iniciativas de desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional como esta formação continuada atrelada a nossa pesquisa. Esta foi um esforço em, se propondo uma experiência de formação continuada, em serviço, no local de trabalho, para professores do ensino básico de uma escola estadual, analisarmos que possibilidades surgiriam para a introdução de um tema controverso, os conflitos socioambientais, na prática pedagógica. Projeto realizado em cinco encontros planejados e um contato estreito de dois anos letivos, com um grupo inicial de dez professores que revelaram através de documentos escritos e falas em respostas a exercícios propostos e discussões, como reconheceram os conflitos socioambientais propostos como conteúdos para suas práticas pedagógicas. Fui autor da intervenção junto aos professores que eram meus colegas de trabalho na mesma escola. Minhas questões foram: Qual o significado da incorporação de conflitos socioambientais nas práticas pedagógicas dos professores de educação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
A brief review over historical determinants in environmental subjects and, more specifically, in environmental education, reveals that inclusion of environmental education into our curriculi has not been exactly democratic. In this context, the construction of limited conceptions by the school as well as by communication means, as like pointed in several assays, repeats in environmental education practices, contributing with the historical option for hiding the controversials that exist in the diverse human knowledge areas. However, the media itself, although not emphatically, and the nowadays social, economical, political and personal dinamics lead to an explicitation of determinants of social-environmental conflicts. According to this contemporary dinamics which also includes a realocation of institutions as the public school, initiatives for personal and professional development as this continued formation attached to our research gain importance. This has been an effort for, by proposing an experience of continued formation, in service, in the work place, to teachers from a basic level state school, analysing what possibilities would rise to the introduction of a controversial issues (theme), the social-environmental conflicts, in pedagogical practice. A project realised in five planned meetings and a strict contact of two lective years, with a starting group of ten teachers who revealed, through written documents and speaches answering to proposed exercices and discussions, how they recognised the social-environmental conflicts indicated as contents for their pedagogical practices. I have been the author of the intervention with the teachers who were my workmates in the same school. My questions were: What is the meaning of incorporating social-environmental conflicts into the pedagogical practices of basic level education teachers? (Complete abstract, access undermentioned electronic address)
Mestre
25
Nicolai-Hernández, Vagner Aparecido de [UNESP]. "Educação ambiental e temas controversos: os conflitos socioambientais no contexto de um processo de formação continuada". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90185.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
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nicolaihernandez_va_me_rcla.pdf: 849873 bytes, checksum: 2a2736b930871f40a8ce41cbee992ace (MD5)Secretaria de Estado de São Paulo
Uma breve revisão dos determinantes históricos na temática ambiental e, mais especificamente, da educação ambiental, revelam que a incorporação da educação ambiental aos nossos currículos não foi exatamente democrática. Neste contexto, a construção de concepções limitadas tanto pela escola quanto pelos meios de comunicação, conforme apontado em diversas pesquisas, se repete nas práticas de educação ambiental, contribuindo com a opção histórica de se escamotear as controvérsias que existem nas diversas áreas do conhecimento humano. Porém, alguns setores da própria mídia, embora não enfaticamente, e as dinâmicas socioeconômicas, políticas e pessoais atuais levam a uma explicitação dos determinantes dos conflitos socioambientais. De acordo com esta dinâmica contemporânea que inclui também uma realocação das instituições como a escola pública, ganham importância iniciativas de desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional como esta formação continuada atrelada a nossa pesquisa. Esta foi um esforço em, se propondo uma experiência de formação continuada, em serviço, no local de trabalho, para professores do ensino básico de uma escola estadual, analisarmos que possibilidades surgiriam para a introdução de um tema controverso, os conflitos socioambientais, na prática pedagógica. Projeto realizado em cinco encontros planejados e um contato estreito de dois anos letivos, com um grupo inicial de dez professores que revelaram através de documentos escritos e falas em respostas a exercícios propostos e discussões, como reconheceram os conflitos socioambientais propostos como conteúdos para suas práticas pedagógicas. Fui autor da intervenção junto aos professores que eram meus colegas de trabalho na mesma escola. Minhas questões foram: Qual o significado da incorporação de conflitos socioambientais nas práticas pedagógicas dos professores de educação...
A brief review over historical determinants in environmental subjects and, more specifically, in environmental education, reveals that inclusion of environmental education into our curriculi has not been exactly democratic. In this context, the construction of limited conceptions by the school as well as by communication means, as like pointed in several assays, repeats in environmental education practices, contributing with the historical option for hiding the controversials that exist in the diverse human knowledge areas. However, the media itself, although not emphatically, and the nowadays social, economical, political and personal dinamics lead to an explicitation of determinants of social-environmental conflicts. According to this contemporary dinamics which also includes a realocation of institutions as the public school, initiatives for personal and professional development as this continued formation attached to our research gain importance. This has been an effort for, by proposing an experience of continued formation, in service, in the work place, to teachers from a basic level state school, analysing what possibilities would rise to the introduction of a controversial issues (theme), the social-environmental conflicts, in pedagogical practice. A project realised in five planned meetings and a strict contact of two lective years, with a starting group of ten teachers who revealed, through written documents and speaches answering to proposed exercices and discussions, how they recognised the social-environmental conflicts indicated as contents for their pedagogical practices. I have been the author of the intervention with the teachers who were my workmates in the same school. My questions were: What is the meaning of incorporating social-environmental conflicts into the pedagogical practices of basic level education teachers? (Complete abstract, access undermentioned electronic address)
26
Araújo, De Holanda Ana Paula. "Contornos possíveis das escolas de direito no Brasil: humanização do ensino do direito ambiental". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/460809.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Amb la finalitat d’assolir la salvaguarda del medi ambient i restablir les relacions entre els éssers humans amb el seu entorn, la present tesi doctoral té com a objectiu principal investigar si l’educació ambiental consubstanciada per la
Constitució Federal de 1988 – CF / 88 ha repercutit en l’ensenyament superior, en especial en els cursos de la titulació Dret a Brasil, així com si els professionals i personal docent d’aquestes escoles són aptes per a aplicar als casos jurídics els preceptes de l’ambientalització curricular. Sota aquest prisma, en aquesta investigació doctoral s’analitza l’evolució històrica de la regulació del Dret ambiental a Brasil, de la seva situació colonial fins a l’adopció de la CF / 88, en especial l’article 225 i la dinàmica de la Política Nacional i Internacional d’Educació Ambiental. Al respecte, la tesi permet constatar una escassa aplicació de l’educació ambiental de manera transversal, tot i estar disciplinada a la CF / 88 i en diverses lleis i tractats en els que el Brasil és signatari. De tot això no sols es desprèn que hi ha una inaplicació de les normes reguladores de l’educació ambiental i el consegüent reflex negatiu en el sistema de justícia, sinó també la necessitat d’aportar nous mecanismes de promoció de l’ambientalització curricular en els estudis de Dret.Con la finalidad de lograr de la salvaguardia del medio ambiente y reestablecer las relaciones de los seres humanos con su entorno, la presente tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo principal investigar si la educación ambiental, consubstanciada por la Constitución Federal de Brasil de 1988 - CF / 88 ha repercutido en la enseñanza superior, en especial en los cursos de la titulación de Derecho en Brasil, así como si los profesionales docentes de estas son aptos para aplicar en los casos jurídicos los preceptos de la ambientalización curricular. Bajo este prisma, se analiza cómo se la evolución histórica de la regulación del Derecho ambiental en Brasil, de su situación colonial hasta la adopción de la CF / 88, en especial a través del artículo 225 y la dinámica de la Política Nacional e Internacional de Educación Ambiental. Al respecto, la tesis logra demostrar una escasa aplicación de la educación ambiental de modo transversal, a pesar de estar disciplinada en la CF / 88 y en diversas leyes y tratados, de los que Brasil es signatario. De ello se desprende no solo la inaplicación de las normas reguladoras relativas a la educación ambiental y el consiguiente reflejo negativo en el sistema de justicia, sino también la necesidad de adoptar nuevos mecanismos de promoción de la ambientalización curricular en los estudios de Derecho.
Under the scope of safeguarding the environment and reestablishing the relations of Human Beings with their surroundings, the present research aims to verify if the environmental education embodied in the Federal Constitution of 1988 - CF / 88 has been irradiated in higher education, especially in Law of Brazil, as well as if the professionals coming from these schools are able to apply in the legal cases the precepts of environmental education. In this perspective, it was analyzed how the regulation of environmental Law of Brazil Colony was done until CF / 88, especially article 225 and the dynamics of the National and International Environmental Education Policy. The low application of environmental education was verified in a transversal way, despite being disciplined in CF / 88 and in several laws and treaties to which Brazil is a signatory. Thus, it is concluded that there is an inapplication of the norms regulating environmental education and the consequent negative impact on the justice system.
27
Flaminio, Silvia. "(Se) représenter les barrages : (a)ménagement, concessions et controverses". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN071/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse a pour objectif d’étudier les représentations et les récits liés aux aménagements controversés que peuvent être les barrages hydrauliques. Si la fonction symbolique des barrages a souvent été soulignée par la littérature scientifique, peu de travaux sont réellement consacrés à leurs représentations et à leurs trajectoires spatiales et temporelles. En s’inspirant d'études issues de la géographie sociale et culturelle sur les représentations et de la political ecology sur les discours, la thèse confronte différentes sources (presse, entretiens et archives), terrains (France et Australie) et approches méthodologiques (quantitatives et qualitatives) pour retracer l’évolution discursive des infrastructures hydrauliques. Les points de vue de différents acteurs sont aussi considérés: les habitants, les ingénieurs et les institutions hydrauliques, les opposants aux barrages, les administrations en charge de la protection de la nature ou encore les scientifiques qui produisent des connaissances sur l’environnement. D'un point de vue méthodologique, la thèse révèle les biais de certains matériaux et souligne l'intérêt de poursuivre leur croisement. Les résultats montrent l’évolution de waterscapes, d’espaces et de cycles hydrosociaux, par exemple les concessions progressives faites aux environnementalistes aux dépens des hydrocraties ; ils mettent aussi en avant, plus généralement, la production et la circulation de discours, notamment à l’occasion de conflits et de controverses, qui conduisent au délitement du discours prométhéen sur la nature et à la diffusion de représentations concurrentes de l'environnementThe aim of this PhD thesis is to study representations and narratives on dams, which are often controversial infrastructures. If the symbolic role of dams has been underlined in the literature, few studies actually focus on the perception of dams and their spatial and temporal trajectories. Building on the literature of social and cultural geography on representation, and the writings of political ecology on discourse, this thesis confronts different sources (newspapers, interviews and archives), study areas (in France and Australia) and methodological approaches (quantitative and qualitative) in order to follow the discursive evolution of hydraulic infrastructure. The points of view of various stakeholders are also considered: inhabitants, engineers and hydraulic institutions, opponents to dams, administrations in charge of nature protection and scientists who produce environmental knowledge. From a methodologicial perspective, the dissertation highlights the limits of certain material and illustrates the necessity to consider different sources in parallel. The results show the evolution of waterscapes, hydrosocial spaces and cycles---the gradual concessions made to environmentalists at the expense of hydraulic bureaucracies---but they also illustrate, on a broader perspective, the production and the flow of discourses on the environment---the disaggregation of a Promethean discourse on nature and the multiplication of different and sometimes opposing representations of the environment---particularly during conflicts and controversies
28
Bodt, Jean-Marie. "La "cité écologique" dans l'espace public médiatique : trajectoires de controverses environnementales dans la presse généraliste française". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20037/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Afin de participer aux décisions politiques, suivant des procédures institutionnalisées ou par le simple fait de se forger une opinion, les médias d’information jouent un rôle central. Avec les problématiques écologiques contemporaines, cette exigence de participation s'accroît. Comment, dans les discours médiatiques, les enjeux environnementaux sont-ils traduits et mis en forme ? Par l’étude de deux trajectoires de controverses sociotechniques (autour du gaz de schiste et de la centrale nucléaire de Fessenheim) dans la presse généraliste (Le Monde et 20minutes) et un éventail de journaux plus large, nous explorons comment celles-ci se fixent dans différents répertoires de « montée en généralité ». À l’aide d’une articulation entre méthodes quantitative (lexicométrie) et qualitative (analyse du discours), nous dévoilons un dialogue entre différents « mondes de justification » (Boltanski et Thévenot, 1991) et cherchons l’existence d’une « cité écologique » (Lafaye et Thévenot, 1993) dans l’espace public médiatiqueIn order to participate in political decisions, following institutional processes or through the simple fact of opinion-forming, the informative media play a central role. With the contemporary ecological problems this kind of involvement is ever more needed. How are environmental issues interpreted and shaped by media discourses ? By studying the trajectories of two socio-technical controversies (shale gas and the nuclear power plant of Fessenheim) in the mainstream press (Le Monde and 20minutes) and in a larger range of newspapers, we explore how these are linked to different “forms of generalization”. By combining quantitative (lexicometric analysis) and qualitative (discourse analysis) methods, we reveal a dialogue between different “worlds of justification” (Boltanski and Thévenot, 1991) and search for the existence of an “ecological city” (Lafaye and Thévenot, 1993) in the media public sphere
29
Lebreton, Clotilde. "Gouvernance(s) sur un volcan. Controverses, arrangements et reconfigurations autour des instruments participatifs d'une aire naturelle protégée mexicaine (le Nevado de Toluca)". Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1066/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Sous l’injonction internationale à la participation, de nouvelles modalités de gouvernance sont apparues, invitant de nouveaux acteurs dans la gestion des aires naturelles protégées et remodelant les politiques de conservation à l’échelle internationale comme nationale.Le Mexique n’est pas exempt de ces remises en question et ses nouvelles orientations stratégiques pour la gestion des aires naturelles protégées se concentrent désormais sur la «gouvernance ». De nouveaux programmes d’appui aux communautés ont ainsi été développés pour les inciter à participer à la gestion des ressources naturelles communes. Pour contourner les restrictions liées au statut de Parc National, une vingtaine d’aires naturelles protégées ont ou vont ainsi changer de statut d’ici 2018. Le Parc National Nevado de Toluca représente l’un des premiers espaces protégés à avoir été déclassifié au statut d’Aire de Protection de la Faune et de la Flore, afin de permettre aux 54 communautés agraires réparties sur le territoire de mettre en place des projets productifs et participer in fine à la conservation de l’espace protégé. Mêlant action publique, modèles de gestion locale et dynamiques écologiques, le Nevado de Toluca constitue ainsi un laboratoire in situ qui permet de comprendre comment les notions de gouvernance environnementale et de participation mises en avant dans les programmes gouvernementaux se traduisent sur le terrain. Ce laboratoire permet d’évaluer plus spécifiquement comment les instruments de gestion participative, tels que la gestion forestière communautaire et les paiements pour services environnementaux ont modifié les pratiques locales de gestion et in fine, les dynamiques écologiques forestières. Puis, l’analyse des processus participatifs établis dans le cadre du changement de catégorie et de l’élaboration du plan de gestion permet de mieux comprendre l’appropriation de l’injonction internationale à la participation par le gouvernement mexicain ainsi que ses effets, attendus ou non, sur la gouvernance de l’aire naturelle protégée. Les paiements pour services environnementaux présentés généralement comme une stratégie de conservation plus efficiente que les projets intégrés, semblent être, sur le Nevado de Toluca, des instruments moins performants socialement et écologiquement que la gestion forestière communautaire. Les instruments de gestion participative ont néanmoins en commun de reproduire les injustices sociales du système agraire mexicain. Par ailleurs, malgré des processus participatifs limités, la recatégorisation a conduit à des controverses, alliances et innovations sociotechniques, qui reconfigurent les modalités de gouvernance du territoire. Si le gouvernement ne cède pas pour autant son pouvoir de décision, des arrangements informels viennent s’insérer dans cette nouvelle configuration et constituent des formes de contre-pouvoirs. L’institutionnalisation de la participation ne conduit pas à l’éradication des conflits et à la production d’un consensus. Au contraire, elle met en lumière la dimension agonistique des politiques de conservationUnder the international context of supporting participation for the co-management of natural resources, new governance arrangements have emerged, inviting new actors in the management of natural protected areas and reshaping conservation policies. Mexico has not been exempted from this process with the new strategic directions for protected natural areas having focused on "governance". New community support programs have been developed to encourage local forest communities to participate in the management of their natural resources. To bypass the restrictions related to the status of a National Park, twenty Mexican natural protected areas have changed or are going to change of status by 2018. The Nevado de Toluca National Park is one of the first protected areas to have been declassified to the status of Wildlife and Flora Area Protection, to allow the 54 agrarian communities established in the territory to implement productive projects and ultimately participate in the conservation of the protected area.Combining public action, local management models and ecological dynamics, the Nevado de Toluca constitutes a laboratory for understanding how the concepts of environmental governance and participation, promoted in government programs, are being applied on the field. This empirical laboratory allows for the evaluation of how participatory management instruments, such as community forest management and payment for environmental services, have modified local management practices and, ultimately, forest ecosystems. Moreover, the analysis of participatory processes, a key part in the process of change in the protection category of the protected natural area, allows us to better understand the appropriation of international premises into effective participation by mechanisms held by the Mexican government. These mechanisms will, in turn, potentially have an effect on the governance of the protected natural area. Payments for environmental services, generally presented as a more efficient conservation strategy than integrated conservation and development projects, seem to be on the Nevado de Toluca, less socially and environmentally efficient than community forest management. However, these two participatory management instruments have reproduced the social injustices of the Mexican agrarian system. Besides, despite limited participatory processes, the reclassification resulted in controversies, alliances and socio-technical innovations that are reshaping the governance of the territory. As a response to the non-transfer of decision-making power by the government, informal arrangements are appearing as a new governance configuration and as a form of countervailing-power. The institutionalization of participation has not led to the eradication of conflict or to a consensus. Instead, it highlights the agonistic dimension of conservation policies
30
Daniels, Mats. "Developing and Assessing Professional Competencies: a Pipe Dream? : Experiences from an Open-Ended Group Project Learning Environment". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för datorteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-145983.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Professional competencies are explicitly identified in the primary learning outcomes for science and engineering degrees at many tertiary institutions. Fulfillment of the requirements to equip our students with these skills, while formally acknowledged as important by all stakeholders, can be hard to demonstrate in practice. Most degree awarding institutions would have difficulties if asked to document where in degree programs such competencies are developed. The work in this thesis addresses the issue of professional competencies from several angles. The Open-Ended Group Project (OEGP) concept is introduced and proposed as an approach to constructing learning environments in which students’ development of professional competencies can be stimulated and assessed. Scholarly, research-based development of the IT in Society course unit (ITiS) is described and analyzed in order to present ideas for tailoring OEGP-based course units towards meeting learning objectives related to professional competence. Work in this thesis includes an examination of both the meanings attributed to the term professional competencies, and methods which can be used to assess the competencies once they are agreed on. The empirical work on developing ITiS is based on a framework for educational research, which has been both refined and extended as an integral part of my research. The action research methodology is presented and concrete examples of implementations of different pedagogical interventions, based on the methodology, are given. The framework provides support for relating a theoretical foundation to studies, or development, of learning environments. The particular theoretical foundation for the examples in this thesis includes, apart from the action research methodology, constructivism, conceptual change, threshold concepts, communities of practice, ill-structured problem solving, the reflective practicum, and problem based learning. The key finding in this thesis is that development and assessment of professional competencies is not a pipe dream. Assessment can be accomplished, and the OEGP concept provides a flexible base for creating an appropriate learning environment for this purpose.Felaktigt tryckt som Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 738
31
Achour, Sofia. "Luttes sociales et environnementales à l’épreuve du numérique : une analyse comparative du discours autour de 4 controverses françaises et marocaines". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30068.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La nouvelle société du 21ème siècle, nous fait entrer de plein fouet dans ce qu’on appelle la société de l’information et de la communication, société construite avec de nouveaux outils de communication qui favorisent l’échange à travers internet et qui devient de plus en plus dure à analyser surtout lorsque tout usager, expert, scientifique ou riverain peut se les approprier pour défendre ses propres intérêts. Sauf que le recours des citoyens aux réseaux sociaux bouleverse la relation de pouvoir, change radicalement les circuits de décisions habituels et induit de nouvelles formes de controverses. Ce travail doctoral propose d’étudier ce bouleversement de pratique en analysant les discours médiatiques et numériques lors de problèmes publics environnementaux. Pour ce faire, l’état de l’art présente une analyse sur les changements de pratique communicationnelle à l’ère du web interactif complétée par une analyse lexicométrique de 4 études de cas. La comparaison de ces derniers, nous a permis de comprendre la raison de la naissance de ces controverses environnementales : constitution d’une arène d’expression citoyenne dominante dans le débat, une propagande dominante dans les journaux, une prise de conscience mondiale et des campagnes de communication pas très éthiquesThe 21st century gave birth to the information society, which is built on new communication tools that promote online exchanges that are mainly based on the Internet. These exchanges have become increasingly hard to analyse since many users including scientists, experts and laymen could appropriate any claim to defend their interests. Social network users disrupt the decision making process, leading to new forms of controversy. The following paper aims to study disruptive environmental practices and issues by analysing different media discourses. The objective of this research is to focus on public issues, by highlighting changes in communication practices in the digital era by analysing four case studies. These comparisons allowed us to understand the origin of environmental controversies such as strong citizens involvement in public debates, increasing newspapers propaganda, rising global awareness and unethical communication campaigns
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Calla, Simon. "Des poissons, des hommes et des rivières : sociologie d'un problème de pollution en Franche-Comté". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCC020.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Entre les années 2009 et 2015, plusieurs rivières du département du Doubs ont été le théâtre d’épisodes de mortalité piscicole. Résumant les incertitudes et les inquiétudes à l’égard de la pérennité des pratiques de pêche et de potentiels risques sanitaires, ce phénomène a été le plus souvent expliqué par « la pollution des rivières ». Or, il semble qu’une telle qualification jette un voile sur les tentatives de solutions mises en place par les acteurs. En revenant sur les différentes enquêtes à travers lesquelles les acteurs concernés par cette situation mobilisent des ressources différentes pour comprendre les causes des épisodes de mortalité piscicole et les maîtriser, ce travail montre que la complexité du phénomène, la diversité des enjeux qu’il recouvre ainsi que sa taille géographique dépassent la capacité de résolution singulière propre à chaque groupe (associations de défense de l’environnement, structures représentatives du monde agricole, autorités publiques...) et nécessitent d’engager une activité collective mais toujours incertaine de définition du problème et de ses solutions. Il apparaît également que ces investigations portent le risque de la dénonciation réciproque et de l’imputation de responsabilités. Aussi, alors que les défenseurs des rivières s’engagent dans une dénonciation des activités agricoles et de la gestion de l’assainissement débouchant sur l’ouverture d’une situation conflictuelle, les experts mandatés par les représentants des pouvoirs publics concluent au caractère multifactoriel du phénomène et conduisent à une dilution des responsabilités. La situation reste alors en partie indéterminée et l’explication par « la pollution des rivières » devient une solution politique, voire un « outil diplomatique » pour un problème collectif qui peine à prendre sensBetween 2009 and 2015, several rivers in the Doubs department were the scene of episodes of fish mortality. Summarising the uncertainties and concerns about the sustainability of fishing practices and potential health risks, this phenomenon has most often been explained by "river pollution". However, it seems that such a qualification casts a veil on the attempts at solutions put in place by the actors. Returning to the various surveys through which the actors concerned by this situation mobilize different resources to understand the causes of fish mortality episodes and control them, this work shows that the complexity of the phenomenon, the diversity of the issues it covers and its geographical size exceed the singular capacity of resolution specific to each group (environmental associations, structures representing the agricultural world, public authorities...) and require collective but always uncertain activity to define the problem and its solutions. It also appears that these investigations carry with them the risk of mutual denunciation and attribution of responsibilities. Also, while river advocates are engaged in denouncing agricultural activities and sanitation management leading to the opening of a conflict situation, experts mandated by government representatives conclude that the phenomenon is multifactorial and leads to a dilution of responsibilities. The situation then remains partly undetermined and the explanation by "river pollution" becomes a political solution, or even a "diplomatic tool" for a collective problem that is difficult to make sense of
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Hadna, Saliha. "Suivi environnemental des anciennes mines d’uranium : l’usage de la concertation en situation de controverse : deux études de cas : la Commanderie (Vendée/Deux-Sèvres), Pen Ar Ran (Loire-Atlantique)". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1145.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
En mobilisant l’analyse de controverses, notre enquête sociologique articule deux études de cas portant sur l’usage de la concertation dans le cadre du suivi environnemental des anciennes mines d’uranium : La Commanderie (Vendée/Deux-Sèvres) et Pen Ar Ran (Loire-Atlantique). Ces deux anciens sites miniers présentent deux configurations locales qui font émerger deux approches différentes de la concertation. Dans une première piste de recherche, on s’intéresse à la configuration des acteurs dans une instance de concertation : le comité de Mallièvre. Le « réseau de contraintes » fait apparaître des dysfonctionnements structurels empêchant au collège des associations de développer un « capital cognitif ». La deuxième piste de recherche interroge l’utilité de la notion de « construction collective » pour mieux saisir les fondements de la concertation. La troisième piste de recherche nous conduit à une forme non-instituée de « construction collective » : à Piriac-sur-Mer, une « communauté de savoirs » émerge suite à la création du collectif Stop Radioactivité. En revanche, la concertation prend place dans l’argumentaire, en tant que revendication d’une « légitimation des savoirs »Through the analysis of controversies, our sociological research articulates two case studies on the subject of the use of the “concertation” on the basis of the uranium mine monitoring: La Commanderie (Vendée/Deux-Sèvres) and Pen Ar ran (Loire-Atlantique). These two former uranium mines present two different configurations. In a first line of research, we are interested in the configuration of actors in an instance of “concertation”: comité de Mallièvre (La Commanderie). We present the “constraint network” which prevent the environmental associations from fully participating. The second line of research questions the usefulness of the concept of "collective construction" to better understand the foundations of the consultation. The third line of research leads us to observe a form non-established "collective construction": in Piriac-sur-Mer, a "community of knowledge" emerges as a result of the creation of the group of associations “Stop radioactivity”. In contrast, consultation takes place in the arguments, as a demand for "legitimation of knowledge"
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Mitroi, Tisseyre Veronica. "Une pratique sociale à l’épreuve de la conservation de la nature. Incertitudes et controverses environnementales autour de la dégradation de la pêche dans la Réserve de la Biosphère du Delta du Danube". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100033/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse présente les mutations d’une pratique sociale qui repose sur l’interaction directe avec l’environnement – la pêche, dans l’espace du delta du Danube, territoire doté d’une remarquable richesse écologique et engagé, après 1990, dans une double transition socio-économique et écologique qui implique une redéfinition radicale des pratiques d’appropriation des ressources naturelles. Caractérisée par une multiplication des acteurs, des savoirs et des actions, la création d’une Réserve de Biosphère du Delta du Danube met à l’épreuve l’existence même de la pratique de pêche et l’interaction des habitants avec les ressources désormais « naturelles » du delta. A travers une analyse des dispositifs de réglementation des droits de pêche expérimentés dans la Réserve au cours des 20 dernières années, cette thèse présente la dégradation de la pêche comme un espace d'incertitude où les « êtres de la pêche » : acteurs sociaux et poissons, sont redéfinis, expliqués, apprivoisés, mobilisés dans la définition de nouvelles formes d'interaction entre les acteurs sociaux et des ressources naturelles. Dans un contexte de persistance des pratiques de pêche illégales, les indicateurs utilisés dans la formulation des droits de pêche ont une faible capacité à faire évoluer les pratiques. L'approche développée dans cette thèse est clairement confrontée à la manière dominante de penser et de faire dans les politiques de conservation, orientées vers une plus grande rationalisation et la formulation de chaînes logiques entre des indicateurs, des droits et des résultats attendus. Nous montrons les limites de cette approche, qui devrait avoir comme préoccupation première de dépasser la distinction entre « ceux qui savent » et « ceux qui pêchent », en facilitant l’émergence des accords collectifs sur la définition des acteurs, des ressources et de leur état écologique. Nous montrons que dans le monde de la pêche artisanale, la réussite des dispositifs de gestion de la pêche dépend de leur capacité à prendre en considération les savoirs, les pratiques et les capacités critiques des acteurs locaux, développés au cours d’une longue appropriation des ressourcesIn the last two decades, different fishing rights systems have been experimented in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve fisheries in order to orient natural resources exploitation practices towards the conservation of biodiversity. Overfishing is considered as one of the main threats to conservation in this ecologically fragile area, since 1989, when the communist productivist model was replaced by conservationist policies. Characterized by the multiplication of actors and knowledge production, the creation of the Biosphere Reserve of Danube Delta is challenging the continuity of fishing practices. Based on an analysis of the fishing rights systems experienced in the reserve, this work presents the degradation of fisheries as an area of uncertainty where social actors and fishing resources are redefined, explained, tamed and mobilized in the definition of new forms of ecological interactions between actors and resources. Indicators and proofs of sustainable fisheries are built on the ground, while experimenting different fishing rights systems. In a context of persisting illegal fishing practices and persistent controversies, fishing rights do not legitimate the introduction of more restrictive measures, and have a week capacity of changing practices. The approach developed in this thesis tries to go beyond the classical distinction between knowledge producers and nature users, by considering knowledge production, rights definition and social practices over nature as interconnected elements of the same process of nature appropriation. The perspective developed in this work is clearly confronted to the dominant way of thinking and doing in conservation policies, oriented towards a greater rationalization and the pre-formulation of a logical chain between measures, effects and outcomes. We show the limits of this approach, which should be primarily concerned by overcoming the distinction between "those who know" and "those who fish", facilitating the emergence of collective agreements on the definition of resources and their ecological status. We show that in the world of artisanal fisheries, the success of fisheries management incentives depends on their ability to take into account the diversity of knowledge, practices and critical capacities that local actors developed through resources appropriation practices
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Das, Ujjaini. "Contesting political versus environmental scale a controversy over the Edison Gorge Dam /". 2008. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/das%5Fujjaini%5F200812%5Fma.
Testo completo
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Butler, M. Blake. ""Fishing on porpoise:" the origins, struggles, and successes of the tuna-porpoise controversy". Thesis, 2017. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/8317.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Since the 1950s, more than 6 million dolphins have died as by-catch in the American yellowfin tuna fishery. These deaths were not caused by accidental incidents between fishermen and dolphins but resulted from a method of fishing that purposefully targeted these animals in order to catch yellowfin tuna. Referred to as “fishing on porpoise,” this technique remained an industry secret for decades. By the early 1970s, however, dolphin by-catch had become a major environmental issue in the United States, thanks to the work of William F. Perrin. In the following years, politicians, scientists, environmentalists, and members of the tuna industry struggled with how best to resolve the problem. While the debates that arose from the “tuna-porpoise controversy” helped to dramatically reduce dolphin by-catch, these solutions did not come easily. This thesis looks to bring this forgotten moment in American environmental history to the historical forefront by exploring the origins and early years of the tuna-porpoise controversy. By examining this period, this thesis will show why fishermen first used dolphins to catch tuna in the 1950s, how and why dolphin by-catch became such a major environmental issue in the 1970s, and what various groups and individuals did to ameliorate the problem during the period.Graduate
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Huang, Chih-Hao, e 黃志豪. "The Research of the Structured Controversy Model in Issues-Centered Approaches Applied to Environmental Education in the Elementary School". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30220019085108607121.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺中教育大學
環境教育研究所
95
This study was a research of the structured controversy model in issues-centered approaches applied to environmental education in the elementary school. The purpose of this study was to discuss some influences of applying the issues-centered approach to the students' environmental attitude and learning attitude, to discuss the relationship between environmental attitude and learning attitude, and to understand some comments of students about issues-centered approaches. The researcher selected subjects from fifth-grade students of elementary school in Changhua. We practiced the instruction about environmental issues. The researching design was nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The experimental group practiced the issues-centered approach, and the control group practiced the didactic instruction. The researching approach included 'The Environmental Attitude Scale' and 'The Learning Attitude Scale toward Environmental Education' which was adapted by the researcher. Then we analyzed and discussed results of the pre-test and post-test scales to understand that how the issues-centered approach effected students' environmental attitude and learning attitude. Besides, the researcher used students' discussion records, learning records, interview records, questionnaire toward the issues-centered approach, and the teacher's observation-reflection records to understand some comments of students about issues-centered approaches. The results were as follows: (1)Both of the issues-centered approach and the didactic instruction could promote students' environmental attitude, but effects of the issues-centered approach were better than those of the didactic instruction. (2)The issues-centered approach could promote students' learning attitude, but the didactic instruction couldn't. Besides, effects of the issues-centered approach were better than those of the didactic instruction. (3)The relationship between environmental attitude and learning attitude was a positive correlation. The better environmental attitude were, the better learning attitude were. (4)Students had higher appraisals of 'the teaching method by applying issues-centered approaches to environmental education', 'the process in issues-centered instructions', 'the degree that students were pleased with issues'. Finally, we gave some suggestions about instructions and future researches according to our study. We hoped them to be references when teachers applied issues-centered approaches to environmental education in the future.
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Signorelli, Andrea. "The Devils Lake controversy: why Canada and the United States need a new bilateral understanding in light of the evolving law of international watercourses". 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4055.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Recent transboundary disputes between the United States and Canada and in particular, the dispute concerning Devils Lake outlet, call for an improvement of the agreements between the two countries that govern North American international watercourses. One way to do so is by assimilating the cooperative spirit contained in the more recent 1997 U.N. International Watercourses Convention and incorporating its guidelines for balancing different principles and interests into the 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty between the United States and Canada.
This paper analyzes the different theories and main international legal instruments in the area of transboundary waters within the context of the issues arising out of Devils Lake and its outlet. It is proposed that the Boundary Waters Treaty be vastly improved by increasing the participation of both the Canadian provinces and the American states as well as renewing and enhancing the role of the International Joint Commission.
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"This Land is Your Land, This Land is My Land: An Historical Narrative of an Intergenerational Controversy over Public Use Management of the San Francisco Peaks". Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.9445.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
abstract: The sacred San Francisco Peaks in northern Arizona have been at the center of a series of land development controversies since the 1800s. Most recently, a controversy arose over a proposal by the ski area on the Peaks to use 100% reclaimed water to make artificial snow. The current state of the San Francisco Peaks controversy would benefit from a decision-making process that holds sustainability policy at its core. The first step towards a new sustainability-focused deliberative process regarding a complex issue like the San Francisco Peaks controversy requires understanding the issue's origins and the perspectives of the people involved in the issue. My thesis provides an historical analysis of the controversy and examines some of the laws and participatory mechanisms that have shaped the decision-making procedures and power structures from the 19th century to the early 21st century.Dissertation/Thesis
M.A. Sustainability 2011
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Womac, Amanda B. "Controversy in the Coalfields: Evaluation of Media and Audience Frames in the Print Coverage of Mountain Justice Summer". 2008. http://etd.utk.edu/2008/WomacAmanda.pdf.
Testo completo