Tesi sul tema "Entreprises multinationales – Aspect politique"
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Baier, Elisabeth Claudia. "Les entreprises multinationales dans les systèmes régionaux d'innovation : facteurs d'attraction et mécanismes d'intégration". Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/BAIER_Elisabeth_Claudia_2011.pdf.
Testo completoInternationalisation tendencies are increasingly observable for R&D functions of multinational enterprises (MNEs) impacting innovation strategies as well as knowledge generation in MNEs. Nonetheless, MNEs are still underrepresented in many theories of regional innovative activity. The present work is devoted to explain mutual influences between MNEs and regional innovation networks during innovation processes and thus to enhance the understanding of the role of MNEs in regional innovation systems. The spatial-temporal concept of embeddedness serves as analytical framework to integrate the multi-territoriality of corporate network structures and regional network structures. An analytical framework integrates different research perspectives and allows to analyses of the integration of MNEs in regional innovation networks through the identification of attraction factors and interaction mechanisms between regional and organisational learning. Due to the complexity a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods is chosen. The attractiveness of regions for MNEs is influenced by national framework conditions and regional patterns alike, highlighting the importance of vertical policy coordination. The development of tailored policy instruments for the attraction of FDI in R&D should be suitable to accommodate regional characteristics and organisational peculiarities. Managers from MNEs and regional actors can contribute to the development of durable relationships and support the integration of R&D functions of MNEs in regional innovation systems. Although MNEs are global actors with complex multilayered organisational structures that seem to defy the logic of embeddedness, corporate R&D functions can be territorially embedded to a certain degree without hampering corporate success and regional development perspectives
Internationalisierungstendenzen sind zunehmend für wissensintensive Unternehmensaktivitäten von multinationalen Unternehmen (MNU) wie beispielsweise Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) zu beobachten und beeinflussen spürbar die innovationsstrategien von MNU sowie die generierung von unternehmensrelevantem wissen. Jedoch sind MNU als wichtige forschungsobjekte in den arbeiten zur regionalen innovationsforschung immer noch unterrepräsentiert. Diese arbeit verfolgt daher das ziel, zum besseren verständnis der rolle der MNU in regionalen innovationssystemen beizutragen. Der ansatz der embeddedness dient hierbei als analytischer rahmen der multiterritorialität, der hilft, die unternehmenseigenen sowie die regionalen netzwerkstrukturen integriert zu erfassen. Ein für diese arbeit entworfener analytischer rahmen integriert die verschiedenen forschungsperspektiven und ermöglicht es, die integration von FuE-Einheiten von MNU in regionale innovationsnetzwerke zu untersuchen. Dabei wird der interaktion zwischen regionalem und organisationalem lernen besondere aufmerksamkeit geschenkt und die integrationsmechanismen und attrahierungspotenziale analysiert. Die attraktivität von regionen für MNU wird sowohl von nationalen rahmenbedingungen als auch von regionalen bedingungen beeinflusst, was die bedeutung der vertikalen politikkoordination unterstreicht. Die entwicklung von maßgeschneiderten politikinstrumenten, um regionen für ausländische direktinvestitionen attraktiv zu machen, sollte sowohl regionale eigenheiten als auch MNU-spezifische charakteristika berücksichtigen. Was wiederum bedeutet, das manager von MNU und regionale akteure gleichermaßen zur entwicklung von beiderseitig gewinnbringenden beziehungen beitragen können und so die integration von FuE-Einheiten von MNU in regionale innovationsnetzwerke unterstützen. Obwohl MNU globale akteure mit komplexen mehrschichtigen organisationsstrukturen sind und somit der logik der embeddedness auf den ersten blick zu widersprechen scheinen, können bestimmte unternehmenseinheiten – wie beispielsweise FuE-Einheiten – zu einem gewissen grad territorial eingebettet werden, ohne den unternehmenserfolg oder regionale entwicklungsperspektiven zu behindern
Kouame, Noël Faustin. "Les prix de transfert dans les transactions des entreprises multinationales : Exemple de l'industrie du café et du cacao en Cote d'Ivoire-aspects juridiques, fiscaux et économiques". Paris 9, 2008. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090050.
Testo completo“Transfers pricing are a kind of ‘croquemitaine’ which frightened both states tax services,-seen as an outflow of the tax basis to another countries, and multinational companies. When the multinational companies intend to establish a price to their internal trades, they can’t help asking the ritualistic question: “wouldn’t we have a tax adjustment based on the internal prices?” The answer is most of the time elusive, with phrases like: “it depends on the actual circumstances!” Anyway. It is swimming in uncertainty and this tax insecurity, more specifically; this legal uncertainty in tax matter has been a concern for more than a country. Grouped in the OECD, some of them have felt the need to seek a generally accepted standard that could value the internal flows as fairly as possible. This standard, commonly called “arm’s length principle” tends to reconcile two stands sometime contradictory between the tax services and the multinational companies. The main question raised by our study was whether the means and procedures identified by the OECD would be applicable, given the particular context of developing countries, including Côte d'Ivoire. From the example of the industry of coffee and cocoa, in which the country is the world leader in terms of exportation, this thesis aims to demonstrate that the Ivorian tax system - including Article 38 of CGI, three-quarter century old – which had been a success in the past, seems now obsolete, outdated or even inappropriate to the challenges of a this globalized economy. The strict legal analysis of the internal-trade valuation issues should necessarily give way to an economic analysis of law, less dogmatic and more pragmatic. Therefore, it would be entitled to see a change of rules and procedures for verifying the price, to shift from a post and downstream control to an ‘a priori’ and upstream control, guarantee of security for the Country, businesses and by extension, international investment. "
Lefèvre, Mathias. "Les firmes transnationales et l'institution social-historique du changement climatique". Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00169596.
Testo completoDelapierre, Michel. "Les firmes multinationales, stratégies et structures". Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100115.
Testo completoPerrin, Serge. "Multinationales émergentes et investissement stratégique". Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010019.
Testo completoCapela, Dombaxi Tepa. "L'économie angolaise et les firmes multinationales (FM)". Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010026.
Testo completoThe main goal of our thesis is to, on one hand, contribue to a better knowledge of the Angolan economy through a brief presentation of the present economic situation of angola. This presentation is designed to provide new multinational firms (MF) that are planning to settle in Angola, with a reference document. On the other hand, this thesis has allowed us to propose a se of measures that have to be implemented in order to facilitate the entry and the control of MF in Angola. After a presentation of the different sectors of the angolan economy, the framework within which mf work, we have analyzed and applied the determinants of multinationalization and those of delocalization and the strategies of the mf that are present in angola. Futhemore, in the last part of our thesis, we attempt to analyze the influence and, the importance of mf in the Angolan economy, through an emphasis on their contribution to the gross national product and to employment. Our study has shown that mf are centralized in the only really profitable sector (the petroleum sector), thus marginalizing others sectors (the manufacturing sector. . . ) Which promote job creation. Even though the number of jobs created by the mf is smaller than the level of investment conducted, one needs to underline the considerable importance of their contribution to the national income(1). This is the reason why, we have to encourage their entry in Angola
Renouard, Cécile. "Multinationales industrielles et développement durable des pays du Sud : de quoi rendre responsables les entreprises multinationales ?" Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0100.
Testo completoHow can multinational corporations contribute to the substainable development of developing countries ? Embezzling capitalism in a global social and political project encompasses the combination of utopianism (the aim of intra- and trans-generational justice) and strategy taking into account the clashes of interests within the economic and political spheres. Substainable Development involves a redefinition of the different kinds of responsability for corporations : economic, social, societal, political. Multinationals should also pay attention to the cultural aspect of development. The search of worldwide implementation of sustainable development implies the ethical education of the elites and the assessment of the global role of States and institutions in order to define the compulsory aspect of corporate social responsability. The reflection inspired by Michaël Walzer is supported by studies of four companies' activities (Total, Unilever, Lafarge and Michelin) in Kenya and Nigeria
Botton, Sarah. "Privatisation des services urbains et desserte des quartiers défavorisés : une responsabilité sociale en partage : le cas des services d'eau et d'assainissement, d'électricité et de télécommunications dans les quartiers 'carenciados' de l'agglomération de Buenos Aires (Argentine) de 1991 à 2004". Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00085961.
Testo completoThis thesis confronts the notion of "privatization" with that of "universal urban services" by questioning the concept of "corporate social responsibility" It investigates the management practices of water, electricity and telecommunications operators in the greater Buenos Aires with respect to a "new" category of customers: those who live in shantytowns, lower-income neighbourhoods or housing projects, grouped in this research under the heading of carenciados neighbourhoods. The basic urban services were an integral part of the large privatization programme implemented under the pressure of international financial institutions in the early 1990s and, as such, make a particularly relevant vehicle for the critical analysis of the social efficiency of public utility companies run according to market principles. Through an analysis of the companies' discourses and practices, this thesis explores their motivation for implementing development programs, developing the required professionalization processes and building specific skills for the teams in charge of the projects. It also proposes an analysis of the evolutions of the tripartite relation "carenciados neighbourhoods - private companies - local authorities" and, more widely, of patterns of cooperation between the various players in the field. In offering a rereading of Jacques Girin's "organizational arrangements" theory, this thesis provides a novel analysis of the sectorial discrepancies in the responses of Argentinean companies to the "Social Responsibility" mandates set forth by the large corporations: Suez, EDF and France Télécom
Santa-Croce, Elisabeth. "L'entreprise : vecteur de l'unification des systèmes de valeurs ?" Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040101.
Testo completoThis thesis aims to study the company as the prototype of a new world order. Values,in a period of crisis,are vital. It is threfore important to study the conditions of their existence and evolution. We progressed from the idea of a world wide economy to that of a company humanism which develops in the context of strong individualism. We discovered the company as the true motor of the liberal world,with beth an economic and human challenge,as the place of strategic and existential finality,on the basis of values that give a sense to our life at works. The company proposes a new "art de vivre" by enabling a humanist revival through the practice of an absolutely necessary solidarity. In a second part,we found an experimentation field to demonstrate the possible reconciliation of these antinomic poles: the company and the values systems. The unification question takes its interest in the context of marginalised geographical areas. We studied the nature of values systems in the world and the company's role in the process of unification. Four areas were explored (turkey, liban,indonesia,taiwan)each time verifying the existence of a universal commun field that justifies the idea of a horizontal and vertical unification of values systems
Puech, Florence. "Concentration géographique des activités industrielles : mesures et enjeux". Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010042.
Testo completoTrinh, Ngoc Huy. "L'influence de la culture nationale sur la politique de rémunération des entreprises multinationales : une comparaison Vietnam-Europe". Toulouse 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU10074.
Testo completoThis research concerns the influence of national culture on the remuneration practices of European multinational enterprises in Vietnam. It is built on the G Hofstede's theoretical model of national culture (1980, 2001) in order to try to help leaders of multinational enterprises (MNEs) have a compensation policy in the international context. We also try to measure the employee satisfaction level with regard to the remuneration. By adopting a qualitative approach, an empirical study was conducted with a sample of 307 CEO of these MNEs from seven different European countries and 893 employees working in these 39 MNEs. The result demonstrates that there is an influence of the dimensions of power distance, individualism/collectivism and uncertainty avoidance on the remuneration policy. The effects of the other two dimensions (masculinity/feminity and long-term orientation) are still indicative. Moreover, our results also show that there is high level of employee satisfaction with regard to the remuneration if the compensation policy is built on the adaptation to the Vietnamese culture context. In conclusion, these results emphasize the importance of adapting national culture in compensation policy making in an international environment
Klein, Asmara. "La "transparence", une norme et ses nouvelles pratiques transnationales : l’exemple de l’Initiative pour la Transparence dans l’Industrie Extractive". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0053.
Testo completoThe British Prime Minister launched the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) in 2002 in response to the transnational Publish What You Pay campaign (PWYP). The NGOs, which are member of the PWYP coalition, had been fighting the resource curse by advocating for more transparency in the extractive industries. They argued that empowering citizens of resource rich countries by informing them about the wealth generated by extraction would help insure that those extractive revenues were properly accounted for. The EITI took over this idea and gathered representatives from civil society organisations, extractive companies and governments to design a global standard which resource rich countries can voluntarily decide to comply with. the EITI standard is based on a reconciliation of payments declared by companies on the one hand and revenues declared by the state on the other. The reports that come out of this reconciliation process are then disseminated and can lead to a general public discussion about the way extractive rents are managed. What lead actors from different backgrounds, with often conflicting interests, to agree on a transparency norm and what can this consensus tell us about the notion of transparency and its present (and profuse) use in international development programmes ? This thesis investigates the reasons for the emergence of the transparency norm and its fast diffusion on the international scene in the last 10 to 15 years. It also looks at some of the concrete practices that resulted from this normative evolution, which contributes to a thinking about the renewal of political authority in the international system
Essabri, El Mostafa. "Firmes multinationales et système agro-alimentaire : étude à partir d'un échantillon". Rennes 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REN11012.
Testo completoFood-industry is a basic activity in the majority of national economies. This activity is dominated by multinational firms and knows a proces of the internationalization of production. But this is not a new phenomena : many important firms played a historical deal in europe supply. What is new is botht the rapid development of the proces and strategy changes of the firms. In the past, firms' strategy in developing countries was mainly based on shipment of developed countries market, now it turns to obtain market share locally. The proces of internationalization lead to the establishment of a world agro-business system which provoked many changes in developing countries. As a consequence, patternes of production, consumption have been homogeneised and many peoples eliminated from the system. Other actors participed to the proces of internationalization, namely, world organisations and some developed economies
Guyon, Thierry. "Les entreprises nationales et l'environnement". Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO33033.
Testo completoSailleau, Arold. "Investissement direct étranger, compétitivité et ancrage territorial des activités économiques : le cas de l'Europe". Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131047.
Testo completoLavarello, Pablo José. "Investissement direct étranger et système sectoriel d'innovation à l'époque de la mondialisation : Le cas des industries agroalimentaires argentines". Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA131026.
Testo completoBlanco, Jimenez Monica. "Les investissements directs français au Mexique, une politique d'investissement". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010334.
Testo completoLaszlo, Christopher. "Propriétés émergentes et principes de gestion des entreprises multinationales : application de la théorie générale de l'évolution". Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100129.
Testo completoA new competitive environment exists, driven by the explosive growth in technological innovation over the last one hundred and twenty years, and by the globalization, informatisation, and ecological interdependence of the business world. The global corporation acquires a new set of characteristics and dynamics, which in turn calls for a new theoretical framework capable of explaining the corporate phenomenon, as well as an ensemble of principles of action with which to manage it. But neo-classical and associated management theories of the firm have not undertaken this effort of reconceptualization over the last century. It is in this context that evolutionary-systems theory is adapted and applied to the corporation and its environment. This body of theory provides insights into properties and dynamics characterized by complexity, openness, fluctuation, disorder, and uncertainty. The principles of management which are derived from the principal postulates of the theory offer a framework for action. Organized around elements of strategy, organization, and operations, they are centered on processes of self-organization, self learning, relations between activities, information flows, and on the co-evolution of the corporation with its environment. The principles are conceived as guidelines to managers of global industrial corporations. Two case studies illustrate their application, one in the United States and the other in Eastern Europe
Leonetti, Xavier. "Etat, entreprises, intelligence économique, quel rôle pour la puissance publique ?" Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32029.
Testo completoToday as before companies place themselves at the heart of information, at the very centre-point where all the vectors and objectives of information come together. The heir of information, competitive stratégy is different as it replaces political power by economic power. Indeed it is half way between the private interests of the managing director and the general interests supported by the state. The state, companies, economic strategy all have one common objective: the prosperity of a country and its inhabitants. In France, the government became belatedly involved in a process of defining strategic objectives and the mutualisation of services. Despite a tradition of technical excellence as well as intuitive imagination, France has a certain number of preoccupyiny weak points (cultural, legal…). Consequently the implantation of a policy of economic strategy should enable the State to progress from being a “modest State” to a “modern State” by reinforeing the legitimacy of its overall public action. Therefore the concepts of “a strategic State” and a “Partner State” constitute one of the solutions to the dead-end of social liberalism and to the difficulties of the government to renew with full employment. With legal vigilance and protection of the patrimony the State should accompany business in their local, national and international development
Ait, Bari Ahmed. "Essai sur la théorie de l'attractivité territoriale pour les projets d'investissements directs étrangers ( IDE)". Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090070.
Testo completoGazaniol, Alexandre. "L’ implantation à l’étranger des entreprises françaises : impact sur la production, l’emploi et l’innovation en France". Paris 9, 2012. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2012PA090022.
Testo completoThis thesis evaluates the impact of outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on home production, employment and innovation, using French individual data. In the first chapter, we show that location choices of multinational firms depend on their export and/or import experience and the experience of affiliated firms. The second chapter assesses whether firms with international activities have a greater propensity to start investing in R&D, to become innovative firms and to enjoy productivity gains. The third chapter shows that outward FDI has a positive and significant effect on home production and employment, especially for firms which belong to a French business group. The final chapter shows that this positive effect not only concerns the parent company but also the whole domestic perimeter of manufacturing groups
Perrin, Cédric. "Les entreprises artisanales et la politique économique de l'Etat en France (1938-1970)". Tours, 2001. https://books.openedition.org/igpde/973.
Testo completoKirov, Vassil. "La privatisation des entreprises en Bulgarie". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002IEPP0048.
Testo completoCaron, Jean-François. "Les conditions de l'unité dans les fédérations multinationales : vers un sentiment d'appartenance à une association politique libre". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27563/27563.pdf.
Testo completoKrieger, Etienne. "L' influence respective de la confiance et des approches instrumentales dans l'évaluation des nouvelles entreprises : une application aux professionnels du capital-investissement". Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090026.
Testo completoNZOLOUFOUA, JUSTIN. "Essai d'analyse du comportement des entrepreneurs PME-PMI face à l'investissement". Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN0501.
Testo completoModern economy characterizes itself by a continuous increase that soon constrains the company to adapt itself to the market and fight against competition. Fortis increase a company must invest by getting benefits or reinforcing the acquired position. Facing with this fundamental choice, which is investment, the way of behaviouring is different according as you own to a big or small and middle - sized company. For this latter, the heterogeneity in population which composes it does constitute the result of a great disparity in attitudes and also in settlers reference values, values and attitudes are susceptible to justify individual behavior. As far as cognitive informations and personality components, they predispose the man in a certain behavior. Face to decisions regarding investment problems, the P. M. E. P. M. I. Contractor's behavior is generally concerning with subjective concerning with subjective considerations, hence it follows that the company other members are always playing a less important role in the elaboration of such decisions which, always in a great measure are reserved to the company dealer. The figuration this latter make himself of his company future increase may be confounded with his own values or personal perspectives
Messonnet, Odile. "La performance des entreprises. Une approche par la théorie des conventions". Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUEL372.
Testo completoSattar, Abdul. "Évitement fiscal des entreprises : déterminants et conséquences pour les pays de l'Union européenne". Thesis, Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LILUA020.
Testo completoMultinational corporations (MNCs) seek the opportunity to expand their operations on foreign soil to accomplish their strategic expansion needs. In this regard, they undertake foreign direct investment (FDI) in the countries where they find conducive business conditions. From the perspective of countries, FDI is one of the important factors for achieving development objectives.However, for the past few years, the MNCs are being criticised due to tax avoidance. The MNCs channel FDI through offshore financial centres (OFCs) which involve no real economic activities. The flow of FDI towards OFCs has been abnormal, which is hard to explain through orthodox MNC theories because they only focus on the conventional determinants of FDI with hardly analysing the role of tax havens. Multinational firms exploit the competitiveness of tax havens and establish a network of subsidiaries. Because of such activities, the non-tax haven countries suffer billions of dollars of corporate revenue losses every year. The European Union (EU) holds a distinctive position in the debate on tax avoidance as some of its member countries like Luxembourg and the Netherlands are the hub of unreal FDI. With her unique single market, the EU has become one of the hotspots for tax avoidance for the MNCs. Besides, the EU is an active player against tax avoidance not only at the regional level, but she also has a strong position in the international community. Against this background, this thesis analyses the determinants of tax avoidance, its consequences, and the policy response of the EU. With literature survey, we build an analytical framework to understand better the drivers of tax avoidance behaviour of EU-based MNCs. We hypothesise that corporate tax avoidance (tax-avoidance motivated FDI) is determined by the interface of firm-specific advantages and country-competitive characteristic of tax havens. Panel data of firms and ownership information was used to test the hypothesis through hybrid regression model (generalised linear mixed model). We show that the strength of firm-specific advantages and tax haven affiliates determine the level of tax avoidance. The high-tech or medium-tech firms with a number of subsidiaries in tax havens avoid more taxes. The intangible assets play also a crucial role. Addressing the issue of the impact of tax avoidance activities on fiscal resources of the non-haven EU countries, we use unique inward FDI from OFCs and FDI income return data to scale the corporate revenue losses. Using country and year fixed-effects linear regression models, we find that increase in the share of inward FDI from OFCs deflates the rate of return on FDI income. The negative relationship between these two is due to the tax avoidance activities of MNCs. In absolute terms, the large economies suffer more. However, in relative terms of gross domestic product, the smaller economies mark significant fiscal revenue losses. To fight against tax avoidance, the EU initiated several policy measures but had limited success. We elaborate on the reasons by using Multiple Streams Framework (MSF). We show, at the beginning, the primary focus was on the tax harmonisation. Several directives were adopted to eliminate the distortions in the single market. Tax avoidance received attention after the financial crisis. We conclude that the engraved structural constraints in the decision-making process preclude the success of policy outputs against tax avoidance
Malsch, Bertrand. "Trois essais sur les formes contemporaines du pouvoir politique, social et économique de l'expertise". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28216/28216.pdf.
Testo completoFu, Jie. "Diversification, internationalisation et performance : le cas des groupes d'affaires chinois". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10037.
Testo completoThis study analyzes the role played by the institutional context in the relationship between strategic choice and performance of Chinese business groups, particularly regarding diversification and internationalization. Theoretically, this study updates our knowledge concerning the Chinese institutional context and deepens our understanding of how institutional voids and institutional transitions in China shape the strategic behavior of business groups in terms of diversification choices. Since the internationalization process of Chinese multinationals requires theoretical frameworks which are different from those established by Western companies, this study also proposes a theoretical model based on institutional factors that determine the global competitiveness and the internationalization-performance relationship of Chinese multinationals. This study confirms that, unlike multinationals from developed markets which can deploy their competitive advantages (e.g. technologies and brands) in the host country, Chinese multinationals are involved in a process of learning and strategic asset-seeking in order to reduce the competitive gap with established multinationals. Empirically, our analysis of Chinese business groups shows that: (1) The specialization and internationalization create value for Chinese business groups; (2) The unrelated diversification has a negative effect on groups’ performance; (3) There are an inverted-U shaped relationship between the internationalization level and groups’ performance and also a negative association between institutional distance and groups’ performance
Grandvallet, Laurence. "La formation des projets de création d'entreprise : une étude du rôle de l'interprétation". Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN0702.
Testo completoThe research consisted of understanding how new businesses are created, in order to report on anticipated challenges and ways to harmonize logistics and the evolution of the entrepreneurial system. The way that entrepreneurs’ decisions contribute in creating new business projects was approached on a cognitive perspective reporting on the steps of interpretation and analysis of the entrepreneurs’ environment. On a methodological level, the exploratory character of this work led to an initial study. The objective was to bring to the foreground the concepts used as a base for the study of the use of a method semi-structured by individual cognitive maps. This second study brought to light the role played by idiosyncratic steps of perception and interpretation of information on behalf of the entrepreneurs. The concluding hypotheses of this analysis, orchestrated by the stages of the entrepreneurial process and the entrepreneurs’’ analysis raise the base of an operational model of support for entrepreneurs. This model strives to complement traditional methods and to join the creators’ cognitive behavior to the supporting steps
Remah, Mohamed Karim. "La politique de dividendes des entreprises familiales cotées françaises : une approche par la finance comportementale (2000-2015)". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0170.
Testo completoThis study investigates whether family firms cater for family and minority investors demand of dividends. Based on a sample of 152 french publicy trade firms between 2000 and 2015, we find that family firms are sensitive to « dividend prenium » criteria when they initiate for the first time a dividend payment. Also, family firms maintain their dividend payments when investors put a stock price premium on payers. However, we don’t found strong evidences of catering incentives within new publicy traded family firms
Le, Gall Sébastien. "Les stratégies de localisation des entreprises multinationales et leurs rapports au territoire : une application au secteur des technologies de l'information et de la communication en France". Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN0511.
Testo completoKnierzinger, Johannes. "Le contrôle des multinationales sur les villes de bauxite en Guinée : comment descendre d'un lion". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010657.
Testo completoThis is a thesis on the social and political consequences of bauxite mining in Guinea . A few years before independance in October 1958, Guinea became part of a worldwide production network of mines, refineries, smelters and metal-working factories which where all controlled by a few interconnected companies. The thesis focuses on the political and social consequences of this inclusion into global commodity chain which results in cars, cans, airplanes, building and other things made out of aluminium. Beside the de facto foreign control over several bauxite towns, the three Guinean bauxite mines also provided also most governmental income since independance and had thereby a strong impact on the history of this country. In order to show these interconnections the thesis treats (1) the intrests of producer countries, receiver countries and international institutions (2) risk management and profit maximizing strategies (chain governance) of transnational companies and (3)the renogatiation and the effects of this global production network on the local level
Pruvost, Michel. "La coopération dans la communauté de travail : éléments de recherche d'une philosophie de l'entreprise". Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010602.
Testo completoCooperation founds community. When is it truly human? This study begins with a historical survey. All cooperation entails a moral aspect as well as one of making. Cooperation is primarily understood in and through collaboration. Human operation is de facto individual : can it, however, become communal ? By acts divisibility and communication. Its is by means of intuition or a certain induction that one grasps the finality of the human act in the multiplicity of the good. The order of justice is not, strictly speaking, a principle but rather a modality of the good, proper to the experience of cooperation. Three major types of collaboration : instrumental "intégral" or participative, "architectonic" by subdivision. In communal acts can be found elements of the personal ethical act. Consensus is proper only to communal acts. The major types of human government are based upon the communal act structure. Monarchy is fitting for the unity necessary to a good commandment. Government by a competent elite is fitting for counsel, or advice, and the choice of means. Demorcracy suits for communal engagement and consensus. The judicious mix is a monarchic commandment, with an aristocratic advice, and a democratic consensus of the engaged cooperators. It ends with a philosophical study on economics and money and with a theological annexe
TISSERANT, PASCAL FISCHER GUSTAVE NICOLAS. "L'IDENTITE INTERCULTURELLE DANS L'ORGANISATION DE SALARIES LORRAINS D'UNE MULTINATIONLE SUD-COREENNE. CONTEXTUALISATION REPRESENTATIONNELLE DES RELATIONS INTERGROUPES /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1998. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1999/Tisserant.Pascal.LMZ991_1.pdf.
Testo completoVallier, Romain. "La conformité environnementale, une politique juridique au service de la performance globale de l’entreprise". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0028.
Testo completoThe aim of the thesis consists of wondering how companies lead their legal politics to get a global performance. In other words, it will be advisable to demonstrate that environmental regulations and voluntary environmental standards which companies and States try to conform, can improve at the same time their environmental protection, their competitiveness, and to a lesser extent their social performance. This environmental compliance has taken a particular development since the big economic phenomena led by the globalization. The globalization is characterized since the 1970s by the advent of an opened market economy in which companies circulate freely from a country to another. This economy is particularly based on free trade of properties, services, technologies, capital, as well as on free circulation of companies themselves. But globalization had led to a serious environmental degradation. In order to meet these challenges as operationally as possible, countries have put regulations and voluntary standards with a view to regulating firms’ activities, that form the basis of a environmental compliance legal policy undertaken by these companies. These companies are trying to adapt to those legal mechanisms in order to better protect the environment, but also to become more competitive
Tisserant, Pascal. "L'identité interculturelle dans l'organisation de salariés lorrains d'une multinationale sud-coréenne : contextualisation représentationnelle des relations intergroupes". Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Tisserant.Pascal.LMZ9901_1.pdf.
Testo completoThis research analyses the effect of intranational and international cultural diversity on the identity of local employees in the plant of a South Korean multinational company settled in Lorraine. The framework unifies the method of representational contextualization (Zavalloni et Louis-Guerin, 1984; Durand-Delvigne, 1992) and current theories on intergroup relationships (Tajfel, 1972; Turner et col. , 1987; Doise, 1984; Lorenzi-Cioldi, 1988). Applied to subjects of this study, it heads up three principle hypotheses: 1) the threat to the identity of local employees, 2) the differentiation in the treatment of hierarchical and cultural categories of the same individuals within the organization, 3) the most noticable domination concerning the perception of intranational groups of persons of foreign origin. This work is divided into three parts: 1) a theoretical review justifying the pertinence of the representational contextualization of intergroup relations - with regard to a synthesis of work taking into account the notion of culture in the domain of work and of organization, 2) the analysis of the terrain justifies the interview guide, 3) the interpretation of results of cross-referenced classification statistics, multidimensional scaling and factorial analyses of the connections effected through SPAD-T verify the hypotheses. The results shows that the threat to identity of local employees, due to Korean characteristics grafted onto the social environment at work, can be compensated by the impression which the subjects have of those persons who are of foreign origin. In addition, compared with those of French origin, those subjects of foreign origin would appear to have a more open self-concept towards cultural heterogeneity in the enterprise and would appear to thereby gain greater self-esteem. This research thus proves that intranational cultural diversity can contribute to limiting the negative effects of an international encounter
Sanchez, Christophe. "Le traitement des clients pauvres par les grandes entreprises en France". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0064.
Testo completoAs the role of companies in addressing poverty is increasingly highlighted, this thesis focuses on how large companies in France serve poor customers. On a theoretical level, this work builds on neo-institutional theory to understand the practices of companies on the one hand, and draws on Amartya Sen’s concept of capabilities to comprehend poverty’s dimensions on the other hand. On a practical level, this research has been conducted as part of a CIFRE (university-industry partnership) sponsored by the consulting firm BearingPoint. Our research has primarily been informed by qualitative research on the practices of eight large corporations in France. Three main results emerged. First, we identified five ways in which companies deal with poor customers according to their impact on customers’ empowerment. Second, we demonstrated that the approaches that seemed most effective in alleviating poverty are either linked to state intervention – through regulation or public service contracts– or linked to cases where values of solidarity are strongly embedded in the corporate culture. Third and finally, we present a number of key elements that could help improve customer service to vulnerable populations. To that effect, we are directing our message to companies and policy makers, both of which are undoubtedly in the best position to address obstacles we have identified
Adetonah, Ghislain Serge Odon. "L’évasion fiscale des multinationales dans les pays de l’UEMOA". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0055/document.
Testo completoThe WAEMU countries, long hostile to foreign direct investment, under the combined effect of the globalization of the economy and the pressure of the institutions of Brettons Woods, have in the one hand, favored an internal access to International financial flows and on the other hand, offered tax incentives to multinationals. Thanks to financial liberalization and the prevailing economic ideology, the multinationals, by various subterfuges and taking advantage also of the institutional and organizational handicaps of the respective tax administrations of the member countries of the UEMOA space, escape their fiscal responsibilities towards these states. In order to reduce the harmful effects of tax evasion by multinationals, WAEMU countries must place particular emphasis on the modernization of their tax administrations on the one hand, and on the other hand, to include in all their agreements tax rules, anti-abuse clauses. Finally, these states must strengthen the fight against tax evasion by concerted action based on tax cooperation in the context of administrative assistance
Rabhi, Dounia. "Stratégies des firmes, capital humain et attractivité des pays du "Sud" : Cas du Maroc". Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10077.
Testo completoWeigert, Maxime. "Tourisme et intégration euro-méditerranéenne : quel rôle pour les firmes touristiques dans l'évolution du tourisme au Maghreb ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010676/document.
Testo completoThis doctoral research was conducted within the framework of an action research for the Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Mediterranean World and is a contribution to Euro-Mediterranean regionalization studies. One of the particularities of North-South markets integration has to do with the role multinational companies play in the process as, spatial entity. Empirical studies on Asean Plus Three and Nafta processes demonstrate that the growth of regional trade has been aided by implementing integrated production systems that engage both Northern and Southern countries of the region. This retooling of regional production processes has been led by multinational firms seeking to benefit from comparative advantages and geographic proximity of less-developed neighboring countries. In so doing, they have fostered integration within the North-South production space. This thesis explores whether such a process can be emulated in the tourism sector, driven by leading multinational players, as has been the case in other conventional industrial sectors, at Euro-Maghreb scale. European tourism firms have played a dominant role in establishing the broad structures of the regional market while contributing to the diffusion of European economic norms to the South. Nevertheless, their ability to further develop integration faces obstacles such as shifting market demand determinants as seen in the ongoing evolution of tourist mobility and motivation, as well as issues related to business environment and regulatory framework particularly in this post-Arab Spring era
Njocke, Martin. "Nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication et effets sur la compétitivité des entreprises dans un duopole de Cournot". Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU2002.
Testo completoWe tried to assess the effects of new technologies of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on the competitiveness of firms in a competitive environment, with the model restricts the Cournot duopoly where two firms engaged in the conquest of shares market. We consider two cases : minimum information in competition and competition in asymmetric information. The effects of ICT on the competitiveness of enterprises can be varied: positive, negative, neutral or no interest beyond a certain threshold of use. ICTs are seen as a necessary factor for improving the competitiveness of a company, but cannot be considered a sufficient factor. This analysis helped to highlight the paradox of Robert Solow, American economist and Nobel Prize in Economics in 1987 which basically says: "You can see the computer age everywhere except in the productivity stactistics", which can result in "New technologies of information and communication are seen everywhere except in productivity statistics". In this work, a source of explanation of the Solow paradox, other than the endogeneity of technical progress and other than the flexibility between capital input and labor input is asymmetric information
Detomasi, David Antony. "Alliance capitalism, political economy, and the multinational corporation, a theoretical and empirical investigation of government-business relations in Canada, 1971-1999". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0001/NQ42941.pdf.
Testo completoMuffat-Jeandet, Morgan. "Essai sur l’intensification des relations économiques entre la Chine et l’Amérique latine et les Caraïbes. Internationalisation des firmes chinoises, déterminants et modalités de leurs investissements directs au Mexique". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA012/document.
Testo completoChinese footprint in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), as in other parts of the globe, has surged in the last fifteen years. Beyond the traditional drivers of this expansion from an economic perspective (securing resources and new markets), China represents a special partner for Latin-American countries because of grey lines delimiting public and private ownership, strict industrial policy and long-term development goals. Besides, regional discrepancies have appeared between South America, which benefited from the boom of Chinese demand for raw materials, and Mexico, which found itself in direct competition with China on different segments of his secondary sector, and whose integration dynamic in North America was deeply impacted by the growing shares of Chinese companies in the US market. Combining an extensive analysis of existing databases about foreign direct investments (FDI) from China in LAC and three original case studies of Chinese companies located in the manufacturing industry in Mexico, this dissertation shows unique features in these operations such as an accelerated growth path and relative adaptive skills to foreign environments. Nevertheless, the positive or negative externalities of Chinese FDI remain dependent upon the interactions between the institutional context of the host country and the companies’ strategies
Hadadah, Ali. "L'impact de l'ouverture internationale des industries polluantes sur l'environnement : vers une contestation du phénomène de "Havre de pollution"". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32051.
Testo completoFor a long time, the policies of environmental protection were accused of being the cause of important relocations, entailing the risk of the « environmental dumping » and the appearance of the phenomenon of the « pollution haven ». It is this theory that we will take issue in this thesis by demonstrating that even it is exact in exceptional cases, it is not any more in most of the cases and it is because of several mechanisms which have relation with the nature of environmental policies, the structures of the market and the intern composition of companies. We are going to study factors encouraging multinationals to relocate. In addition, we are going to demonstrate the impact of these factors on the concentration of the polluting industries and consequently on the appearance of the phenomenon of « pollution haven » (Chapter 1). Then we will explain the ineffectiveness of the public interventions to resolve the environmental issues and the necessity of the social responsibility of companies as condition of success of environmental policies (Chapter 2). Finally, we will contradict the existence of « pollution haven » and we will verify that the environmental protection and the economic competition can converge in a way that the one be the condition of the success of the other (Chapter 3)
Ivantcheva-Flamant, Jeanne. "Le contrôle des opérations internationales par l'administration fiscale : les prix de transfert". Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020126.
Testo completoTribou, Gary. "L'entrepreneur musulman : Islam et rationalité d'entreprise". Mulhouse, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MULH0213.
Testo completoLhoumeau-Aizpuru, Sébastien. "Le déséquilibre entre les droits et les obligations des entreprises pétrolières opérant dans les pays à faible gouvernance". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0599.
Testo completoThis thesis carry out a sectorial analysis of the state of the rights and the obligations of the multinational oil companies outside the regulations of the countries of investment. The choice of the oil industry is based on the place of this sector in the global economy and its characteristics. In the first part, we will note that the protection of investments is particularly effective and the potential negative effect on the development of the regulations of the host countries of investments is accentuated in the oil sector. Similarly, the current movement to take this problem into account in the bilateral investment treaties is insufficient given the lack of interest of the Energy Charter Treaty on this issue and the difficult evolution of the stabilization clauses. Secondly, this thesis will find that the transnational obligations borne by multinational oil companies, apart from investment law, sometimes seem less inclined to play a balancing role in the oil sector. The soft law initiatives are adapted but partially adopted and the possible sanctions seem uncertain. Mechanisms based on extraterritoriality are limited and the establishment of a duty of care do not really suit to the oil organization. The consideration of oil specificities is confined to the reporting framework and the legal tools specific to the industry generally only take into account the fight against corruption. Finally, the political pressures, the intervention of non-governmental organizations and the media are focused on companies whose head office is located in a Western State and transfer of oil interests are usual in the sector
Brancu, Laura. "Les déterminants et les impacts des investissements directs étrangers : le cas des investissements français en Roumanie". Lille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL12006.
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