Articoli di riviste sul tema "Entrepreneurship / Western countries"
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Christy, Nisa Novia Avien, e Ming Chang Wu. "A Study on Entrepreneurship Education in Western Countries: Retrospectives on Entrepreneurship Curricula and Instructions". International Journal of Research in Education 2, n. 2 (30 luglio 2022): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/ijre.v2i2.11233.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Unemployment is now a major problem that must be resolved immediately. The unemployment rate in Indonesia is higher than in western countries. This is because the number of entrepreneurs in Indonesia is still deficient. This study is conducted to synthetically analyze the empirical experiences of enhancing entrepreneurship in Western countries. This further understanding will be transformed and applied to Indonesian universities and societies. This study uses literature analysis approaches to find references to relevant theory with the hope that researchers can in-depth understand the experiences and the significant factors facilitating entrepreneurship in Western countries. At the end of the study, the authors conclude that the success of entrepreneurship in western countries is due to central government support for entrepreneurship. Therefore, the success of entrepreneurship in western countries that can be applied in Indonesia, such as (1) the Indonesian government must endeavor to oblige all universities in Indonesia to provide entrepreneurship classes, (2) promote entrepreneurship education and make entrepreneurship a priority, (3) implementing entrepreneurship in educational curricula at all levels, starting with preschool. , (4) providing educational scholarship facilities for economic and business actors to become entrepreneurs, (5) providing (people's business credit) with low interest for business.
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Christy, Nisa Novia Avien, e Suryaneta Suryaneta. "Entrepreneurship Curricula and Instruction: Lesson learned from the United States". Acitya: Journal of Teaching and Education 4, n. 1 (31 gennaio 2022): 124–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30650/ajte.v4i1.3201.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The higher rate of Indonesian unemployment than western countries has become an urgent issue that must be addressed immediately. One of the primary reasons is the entrepreneurial shortcomings of Indonesians. This study is conducted to synthetically analyze the empirical experiences of enhancing entrepreneurship in the United States as one of successful western countries. This further understanding will be transformed and applied to Indonesian universities and societies. This study uses literature analysis approaches to find references to relevant theory with the hope that researchers can in-depth understand the experiences and the significant factors facilitating entrepreneurship in the United States. At the end of the study, the authors conclude that entrepreneurship's success in the United States is due to central government support for entrepreneurship. Therefore, the success of entrepreneurship in the United States that can be applied in Indonesia, such as: (1) the Indonesian government must endeavor to oblige all universities in Indonesia to provide entrepreneurship classes, (2) promote entrepreneurship education and make entrepreneurship a priority, (3) implementing entrepreneurship in educational curricula at all levels, starting with preschool; (4) providing educational scholarship facilities for economic and business actors to become entrepreneurs, and (5) providing (people's business credit) with low interest for business.
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Bradač Hojnik, Barbara, e Katja Crnogaj. "Social Impact, Innovations, and Market Activity of Social Enterprises: Comparison of European Countries". Sustainability 12, n. 5 (3 marzo 2020): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051915.
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The purpose of this article is to provide an insight into the specifics of social entrepreneurship in different business environments. The article, therefore, examines selected characteristics of social enterprises, namely social value, innovations, and market activities. In addition, differences in the start-up and operational phases of social enterprises were measured. Social enterprises must operate in a specific business context, which essentially hinders or promotes social entrepreneurship. As culture differs between north-western and south-eastern Europe, it is important to examine the differences in social entrepreneurship between these two groups of countries. To analyze the proposed characteristics, we used the latest data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor special report on social entrepreneurship. The results indicate that there exist differences in social impact measurement between observed groups of countries. Additionally, we confirmed differences between the observed groups of countries in terms of innovations and market activity of social enterprises in the operational phase. Our results also suggest that social entrepreneurship is more developed in north-western European countries than in south-eastern ones, with some elements in the north-western countries being more noticeable in the operational phase compared to the start-up phase.
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Vutsova, Albena, Martina Arabadzhieva e Radostina Angelova. "The Youth Entrepreneurship as Response to the Youth Unemployment - Examples of Western Balkan Region". International Journal of Professional Business Review 8, n. 6 (14 giugno 2023): e02299. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i6.2299.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose: The article aims to identify to what extent the youth entrepreneurship can be a response to the youth unemployment. Theoretical framework: Based on the reviewed research the main areas of interest in the countries under review would be entrepreneurial environment, entrepreneurial training opportunities, available financial instruments, and other types of support for young entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach: The study is based on comparative analysis of eight Balkan countries – Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Italy, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia. Statistical information from Eurostat, World Bank and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and essays conducted by different national institutions are also considered in the article. Findings: The potential and capacity of entrepreneurship can contribute to tackling unemployment and bettering the innovation ecosystem. Youth entrepreneurship is facing number of challenges (lack of experience and practice, difficult transition between education and labour market) which reaffirms that entrepreneurial is not easy a career. Research, Practical & Social implications: Entrepreneurship is one of the unique tools for dealing with youth unemployment. It is supported by a series of national and international initiatives, which are either complementary or independent, with a clearly expressed intervention effect. Entrepreneurship creates a new mileu for steady ecoinovation system and respectively job opportunities. Originality/value: The value of the research lies in the findings of entrepreneurial environment of the countries studied; based on comparative analysis; ascertaining niches for regional cooperation in solving the problems of youth unemployment.
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Iakovleva, Tatiana A., Lars Kolvereid, Marjan J. Gorgievski e Øystein Sørhaug. "Comparison of perceived barriers to entrepreneurship in Eastern and Western European countries". International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management 18, n. 2/3 (2014): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeim.2014.062874.
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LIN, XIAOHUA, ALAN CARSRUD, KALINGA JAGODA e WANQING SHEN. "DETERMINANTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS: APPLYING WESTERN MODEL TO THE SRI LANKA CONTEXT". Journal of Enterprising Culture 21, n. 02 (giugno 2013): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495813500076.
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This study examines the factors influencing the intention of students to start up a new venture. Using both the "Theory of Planned Behavior" and "Theory of Reasoned Action", a model is tested using survey data collected from 353 undergraduate business students in Sri Lanka. Results of structural equation modeling show entrepreneurial intentions are positively influenced by perceived behavioral control and macro-environment support. However, the effects of attitudes towards entrepreneurship and subjective norms were not significantly related to intentions. Interestingly, beliefs about entrepreneurship had a negative relationship with attitudes toward entrepreneurship. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed in the context of developing countries like Sri Lanka.
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Albulescu, Claudiu Tiberiu, e Anca Drăghici. "Entrepreneurial activity and national innovative capacity in selected European countries". International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 17, n. 3 (19 luglio 2016): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465750316655902.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The present article assesses the role of entrepreneurship in strengthening the national innovative capacity of the European countries. For this purpose, we use the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data for the entrepreneurial activity, while the innovative capacity is assessed based on the Global Innovation Index and the Summary Innovation Index. Our panel data estimations for the period 2009–2012 show that the total entrepreneurial activity does not influence the national innovative capacity. Furthermore, the role of opportunity or innovation-driven entrepreneurs in enhancing the national innovative capacity cannot be documented, either in the Central and Eastern European countries or in the Western European countries. Our findings are robust regarding the change in data sample, control variables or the way national innovative capacity is assessed.
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Matić, Milenko, Bojan Leković e Dušan Bobera. "The influence of barriers on entrepreneurial intentions: Student entrepreneurship in Western Balkan countries". Anali Ekonomskog fakulteta u Subotici, n. 00 (2023): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/aneksub2300016m.
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The paper is based on the findings of the research of students of business administration in the countries of the Western Balkans and aims to identify the impact of entrepreneurial barriers on their intentions to start entrepreneurial ventures. Barriers are classified into four categories. The first category is knowledge and skill barriers. The second group of barriers includes financial barriers. Subjective circumstances represent the third, and administrative procedures and fiscal burdens are the fourth groups of barriers. The research was conducted with 910 respondents, which consists of 71 questions. For the analysis, 6 questions related to the demographic profile and general information were used, while for the second part, 14 were used, which belong to the categories of barriers. The SPSS program was used for the empirical analysis of the results. The results showed that financial barriers, administrative procedures, and fiscal burdens harm entrepreneurial intentions. Within the group of barriers of knowledge and skills, the lack of business plan development skills and the lack of financial skills harm entrepreneurial aspirations, while the other barriers are not statistically significant. It was confirmed that statistically significant barriers to entrepreneurial intentions belong to subjective circumstances: lack of support from the environment and fear of failure.
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PEARSON, CECIL A. L., e SAMIR R. CHATTERJEE. "DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES OF ENTREPRENEURIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN A DIVERSE SOCIAL SETTING-EVIDENCE FROM AUSTRALIAN AND SINGAPOREAN MANAGERS". Journal of Enterprising Culture 09, n. 03 (settembre 2001): 273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495801000158.
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Despite the growing acceptance that entrepreneurship facilitates national economic growth there has been a lack of research in diverse international contexts. This paper assesses relationships between contextual work setting properties and three personality characteristics that have been identified in the Western literature as being associated with entrepreneurial motivation. Responses from 410 Australian and Singaporean entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs demonstrate on the one hand there was systematic entrepreneurial variation between the two countries, but on the other hand, the influence of personal attributes on entrepreneurship were not hampered by geographic boundaries. The findings are discussed in terms of challenges for international entrepreneurship.
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Muhhammad Shafiu, Awwal, Halimah Abdul Manaf e Sakinah Muslim. "Utilization Entrepreneurship for Job Creation, Poverty Reduction and National Development". Journal of Social Sciences Research, n. 61 (29 gennaio 2020): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.61.97.102.
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Entrepreneurship has become a tool for uplifting nations and improving their socio-economic development for the benefit of all citizens. This has worked for Western capitalist economies and the newly industrialized countries (NICs). In Africa there is less reliance on entrepreneurship as an engine of economic growth and development which has led to unemployment pervasive poverty and underdevelopment. The paper examined how entrepreneurship can help to speed up socio-economic development in Nigeria and reduce reliance on unsuccessful Western backed neo-liberal development strategies. The data of the study were sourced from array of both published and unpublished materials such as textbook, journal papers, newspapers, magazines, conference papers and seminar papers and internet material. The paper argues that Nigeria cannot develop without utilizing entrepreneurship as the cornerstone of its development strategy. Furthermore, the paper sees entrepreneurship as crucial to developing indigenous capacity in technology, manufacturing and export trade. It recommends development and implementation of local solutions to developmental problems, effective implementation of development policies, and credit provision to local entrepreneurs and creation an enabling environment for production and trade, and capacity development of Nigerian youth through technical and vocational training.
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LEE-ROSS, DARREN, e BENJAMIN MITCHELL. "DOING BUSINESS IN THE TORRES STRAITS: A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE AND THE NATURE OF INDIGENOUS ENTREPRENEURS". Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 12, n. 02 (giugno 2007): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946707000630.
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This qualitative study focuses on the relationship between culture and entrepreneurship in the Torres Strait Islands. Similar to other countries with a low per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), aggregate evidence suggests that entrepreneurial activity is commonplace among the indigenous community. Closer investigation revealed this is particularly so for a form known as "marginal" entrepreneurship. Using Hofstede's (1994) model of cultural dimensions linked to key western entrepreneurial traits, a sample of 61 Torres Strait entrepreneurs showed sizable perceptual trait differences compared with western theory. This has implications on the received current wisdom regarding typical values and characteristics of entrepreneurs. It would appear that cultural differences exist between the entrepreneurs of the Torres Straits and others. The implications of this finding have a potentially significant impact on policy and the level and types of investment funds made available for enabling entrepreneurship in the Torres Straits.
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Avnimelech, Gil, Yaron Zelekha e Eyal Sharabi. "The effect of corruption on entrepreneurship in developed vs non-developed countries". International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 20, n. 3 (29 aprile 2014): 237–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-10-2012-0121.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the relationship between corruption and productive entrepreneurship in general and whether it depends on countries’ specific characteristics in particular. Design/methodology/approach – The authors used a unique data set of entrepreneurial activity within 176 countries, collected from the professional networking site LinkedIn. The authors used OLS regression to estimate the level of entrepreneurship. The main independent variable was the CPI score (Transparency International). In addition, two sub-samples were used, 70 less-developed countries and 34 OECD countries, and numerous control variables. Findings – The paper makes three important contributions to the field. First, it proposes worldwide empirical evidence that countries with high levels of corruption usually face low levels of productive entrepreneurship. Second, the paper suggests that the negative effect is much more significant in developed countries than in developing countries. Third, the paper explores whether the negative effect of corruption depends on country-specific economic characteristics. Research limitations/implications – While there is significant value in using LinkedIn data in entrepreneurship research, there are limitations to this database. Therefore, significant robustness tests were employed and further research, for instance using longitudinal LinkedIn data, could be valuable. Moreover, using different entrepreneurs’ data sets might increase the validation of the results. Finally, further examination of the influence of corruption on different types of entrepreneurial activities and their interaction with different characteristics of the country is still required. Originality/value – The results stress the need to fight corruption not only in developing countries and suggests significant gains from anti-corruption efforts even and maybe especially in the western developed world.
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SHPINEV, YURY. "SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: ISSUES OF LEGAL REGULATION". Gaps in Russian Legislation 14, n. 1 (30 gennaio 2021): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2072-3164-2021-14-1-040-045.
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Social entrepreneurship, as an established concept, has entered economic life relatively recently. At the same time, this concept has already been reflected in the current legislation. The author analyzes the current legislation on social investment. On the basis of the study, a list of persons who, from the point of view of the state, belong to the least protected is identified and a comparison is made with respect to persons subject to social protection during the USSR. The most acute contradictions of social entrepreneurship are identified. The most acute problem of social entrepreneurship is the lack of funding. The article attempts to classify investments in social entrepreneurship by the ratio of the expected economic benefit and the socially directed effect from traditional investments to charity. The paper notes that the main areas of financial support for social entrepreneurship in Russia can be such well-established financial institutions in developed countries as crowdfunding, social and green bonds, and meson financing. Another important issue related to social entrepreneurship, according to the author, is the place of non-profit organizations in the system of social entrepreneurship. This issue is particularly relevant now, since the current Russian legislation defines social entrepreneurship as commercial enterprises. In conclusion, it is concluded that despite the fact that the trends of social entrepreneurship in recent decades have appeared in developed Western countries, our country has its own rich experience in solving social problems, which can and should be used in the new socio-economic conditions.
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Grodzicki, Tomasz. "Sustainable development in western Balkan countries: an analysis of decent work and economic growth". Spatium, n. 50 (2023): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat230612015g.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Western Balkan countries, including Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia, participate in the framework of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations. In total, there are 193 countries committed to fulfilling the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which was implemented in 2015. One of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals is to promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth and decent work for all. This goal is expressed in the following indicators: employment and unemployment rates, people killed in accidents at work, real GDP per capita, resource productivity, and domestic material consumption. The aim of this paper is to analyze SDG 8 in the Western Balkan economies. Since the Western Balkan countries are EU candidates or potential candidates, comparing their performance with the EU average is vital. The results show that although Western Balkan countries have improved their performance, they still fall behind the EU average. They should focus more on increasing their economic growth rates and providing more sustainable workplaces. Therefore, future actions to be enhanced by the economic policy in the Western Balkans should include the implementation of legal facilitations for start-ups and other firms in order to boost the stimulus for entrepreneurship, develop sustainable migration policy, and promote stable forms of employment.
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Predojevic-Despic, Јelena, e Vesna Lukic. "Migrant entrepreneurship in the light of public policies". Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, n. 167 (2018): 607–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1867607p.
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Researching the link between migration and entrepreneurship has been in the focus of scientific and professional publications in the last two decades. The results indicate that migrant entrepreneurship allows for better economic and social integration in the new environment and contributes to the economic development of both the receiving country and the country of origin. In the majority of Western, economically developed countries, immigrants are more entrepreneurially oriented than the domestic population and significantly contribute to the creation of new jobs, although they face greater administrative, financial and social obstacles in doing business. In addition, the role of the institutional context is emphasized, as well as the possible positive effect of the state?s timely response in that area. Therefore, entrepreneurship is increasingly involved in migration and integration policies of immigrants, especially in traditional immigration countries. Taking into account the growing importance of economic integration of migrants in the light of turbulent contemporary migration movements, the aim of the paper is to point to good examples of migrant entrepreneurship public policy measures, given its increasing impact on the social and economic development and the ties between the countries of origin and destination. The paper deals with examples of immigration policies for entrepreneurs, as well as integration policies for migrant population (immigrants and returnees) in the field of entrepreneurship. It emphasises the importance of regular harmonisation of migration policies with other segments of public policies, which extends the possibility for different groups of migrants to contribute to the economies of the countries of origin. In this way, a more complete basis for integration of immigrants and returnees is being developed, but also for attracting the desirable structures of potential immigrants.
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Nazareno, Jennifer, Min Zhou e Tianlong You. "Global dynamics of immigrant entrepreneurship". International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 25, n. 5 (13 agosto 2019): 780–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-03-2018-0141.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the existing literature on immigrant entrepreneurship since the mid-2000s to examine the changing trends, variations and theoretical advances in immigrant entrepreneurship in Western societies. Design/methodology/approach Using the SocIndex and Proquest Business Premium databases, the authors conducted a literature review of about 100 peer-reviewed articles published since the mid-2000s. The authors critically assess the main research findings, identify key concepts and models that have been developed over the past decade, and offer new theoretical insight into the ever-changing global dynamics of immigrant entrepreneurship. Although the focus is on the USA, the authors also include some seminal research based in other Western countries of immigrant reception. Findings Based on a critical review of existing research that has been published between 2004 and the present, the authors highlight main trends and variations of the entrepreneurial endeavors among diasporic migrants, address the emerging forces shaping immigrant entrepreneurship, highlight theoretical advances in the field of entrepreneurship studies, and suggest new directions for future research. The authors note that the changing trends and ethnonational variations are caused not only by unequal access to human capital, social capital, financial capital, and cross-border venture capital on the part of individual entrepreneurs, but also by differences in broader structural circumstances in the home country and/or host country and interaction between national/local and transnational/global forces. The authors discuss new theoretical advances, identify gaps and raise questions for future research. Originality/value The review offers important insight into the ever-changing local and global dynamics of immigrant entrepreneurship and broadens the established conceptual and theoretical models in the sociology of immigrant/ethnic entrepreneurship.
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Koelewijn, Wout T., Michel L. Ehrenhard, Aard J. Groen e Wim H. van Harten. "Intra-organizational dynamics as drivers of entrepreneurship among physicians and managers in hospitals of western countries". Social Science & Medicine 75, n. 5 (settembre 2012): 795–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.055.
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Pavlović, Dejana, Dragan Bjelica, Duško Bodroža, Elena Jovičić e Renata Pindžo. "Women’s Economic Empowerment through Tourism: A Case Study of Selected Western Balkans Countries". JWEE, n. 3-4 (1 dicembre 2022): 149–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.28934/jwee22.34.pp149-175.
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Tourism is considered to be an essential means of empowering women in the national, regional and global economy, presenting both opportunities for gender equality and women’s empowerment. However, the general lack of women’s empowerment worldwide calls for research. This paper investigates opportunities for women to improve their socioeconomic status through tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Serbia. Its methodology is based on qualitative research. A survey was conducted on a sample of 388 female respondents engaged within the tourism sector from these countries. The results are presented through descriptive methods, comparing the attitudes of women 18 to 65 years of age, their respective levels of education and barriers within entrepreneurship activities in tourism. The data obtained were analyzed in accordance with the objectives of this study and the research questions posed. It is found that training and further education as well as providing financial assistance would significantly assist women in opening their own tourism business within the region. The study also finds that women generally report financial support as a crucial factor in helping support business in the tourism sector.
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Ignatov, Augustin. "Institutional Efficiency, Entrepreneurship, and the Premises of Economic Development in the Eastern European Countries". Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Oeconomica 64, n. 2 (1 agosto 2019): 12–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/subboec-2019-0007.
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Abstract The development gap between the “Old” and “New” member countries of the European Union is an important problem challenging the efficiency and strength of the European single market. In this regard, a subsequent question arises: which actions in the policy making must be undertaken, by both national and supranational authorities, to stimulate cohesion in the EU and which directions should be followed? The present paper tries to answer this question considering the perspective of the Eastern European nations and their economic development premises analysing the aspects of governmental participation in the economy and the influence of entrepreneurship upon long run competitiveness. The research results explicitly underline that entrepreneurship in the Eastern European nations is a determinative driver of long-term economic competitiveness due to its favourable impact upon the formation of human capital, enhancement of innovation potential and overall intellectual resources of nations. The effects of governmental participation in the economy upon the economic growth premises are heterogeneous including on the formation of physical and intellectual capital. Consequently, it was reached the conclusion that the Eastern European Nations should prioritise entrepreneurship since it is capable of boosting human capital creation and, at the same time, they should improve the institutional quality to minimise the factors undermining the business including corruption and red-tape, etc. In such a way, the Eastern European countries can overcome, in the long run, the development gap with the Western EU states and raise their economic potential.
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Grodzicki, Tomasz. "Innovation Potential in the Western Balkans Relative to the European Union and Selected Neighbouring Countries". Studia Europejskie – Studies in European Affairs 2023, n. 3 (20 settembre 2023): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33067/se.3.2023.8.
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Although Western Balkan economies are still on the list of EU candidates or potential candidate countries, they do have some integration with EU economies. The EU is the leading trading partner of the Western Balkans and is one of the top destinations for the fl ow of people. The Western Balkan economies have been trying to address their populations’ ongoing emigration (the so-called “brain drain” phenomenon) by implementing targeted economic policies. Since one of the main contributors to economic growth is the ability to create innovation, it is crucial to building innovation potential. The main challenge for innovation policy is to provide a favourable environment for entrepreneurship and economic growth to create jobs. Thus, this paper aims to examine innovation potential – an innovation input – as it creates the conditions needed for innovation development. The results of analysing the data (on research and development spending, human resources, an environment friendly to innovation, and intellectual property rights) indicate that the Western Balkan countries are lagging behind the EU in many aspects of innovation potential, so they should still develop their strategies towards creating higher innovation potential. Thus, they will be able to have a higher level of innovation and, as a result, be more competitive in economic terms.
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Kim, Kong-Hee, e James A. Tan. "Confucian Values and Entrepreneurial Firm Legitimacy". Journal of Management Research 11, n. 2 (26 febbraio 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v11i2.14335.
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This paper offers a model based on institutional theory to explain differences in the level of new venture formation and development between the Confucian-based societies of East-Asia and Western countries such as the United States. We propose that the Confucian values underlying the institutional and cultural environments of East-Asian countries adversely affect the social legitimacy of entrepreneurial firms thereby inhibiting new venture formation and growth. The theoretical model and propositions developed in this paper extend the theoretical understanding of the interplay between Confucian values, cognitive behavior, and entrepreneurial firm legitimacy. Implications for international entrepreneurship research are discussed.
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Garg, Megha, e Parveen Kumar. "Social Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development: A Bibliometric Analysis". Colombo Business Journal 14, n. 2 (28 dicembre 2023): 99–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cbj.v14i2.159.
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Social entrepreneurship incorporates characteristics from several disciplines, but lacks a dominant framework and literature though it is a rapidly expanding area. Therefore, our paper aims to carry out bibliographic mapping of relevant publications with the help of Biblioshiny software (R studio) and VoSviewer based on the publications in the Scopus database. The primary outcomes indicated an upsurge in the interest of scholars particularly after 2015. The analysis displays that a significant number of publications originated from industrialised Western countries and suggests that the research field is quite new-fangled and requires authors to collaborate with each other. Moreover, numerous sustainability-related themes have been discovered through keyword co-occurrence analysis. The themes identified here are significant for practitioners and regulators who seek to take advantage of the synergy existing between our research areas. The directions for future research studies can be guided by quantitative research from underdeveloped nations or emerging economies.
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Jetmar, Marek. "SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: CHALLENGE NOT ONLY FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES BUT ALSO FOR THE EU". CBU International Conference Proceedings 1 (30 giugno 2013): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v1.13.
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Social enterprises (businesses) represent an emerging sector not only in developing countries but also in the EU. The deepening of social problems associated with high unemployment of graduates, persons at age over 50 years and other vulnerable groups in the labour market brings new impulses for designing public policy and development of cooperation between the different actors (role of NGOs, financial intermediaries, local authorities, etc). The paper focuses on the environment analysis - regulatory approaches, forms and types of support, quality of financial services at European level and states and regions from Western, Central and Northern Europe, involved in the learning Network for Better Future of Social Economy. We can say, the status of the social economy and opportunities are different in each country as a result of reflection of value orientation of society, the quality of the environment. However, it is possible to identify common problems and typical ways to support social economy. It means to overcome lack of co-operation between financial sector, NGOs and public sector inproviding funding for social enterprises, to provide mix of private and public funds in order to solve problem connected with funds insufficiency. It is necessary to set up integrated support schemes allowing the use of various types of financial instruments (grant mechanisms, loans using financial engineering instruments). It is necessary to couple the investment in social enterprises with investment in human capital.
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Afshar Jahanshahi, Asghar, Khaled Nawaser e Alexander Brem. "Corporate entrepreneurship strategy: an analysis of top management teams in SMEs". Baltic Journal of Management 13, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2018): 528–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-12-2017-0397.
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Purpose In order to learn more about the antecedents of strategy at the top management team’s (TMT) level, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of TMT cultural intelligence on corporate entrepreneurship strategy. Then, the authors examine how TMT’s ambiguity tolerance mediates this relationship. Design/methodology/approach The authors tested the hypothesis by collecting survey data from 41 TMTs of small- and medium-sized enterprises in the south-east of Iran. Findings The survey results confirm that a high level of cultural intelligence in TMTs is conducive to corporate entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the result shows that higher levels of cultural intelligence in TMTs relate to a higher level of ambiguity tolerance, which, in turn, enhances the possibility of pursuing corporate entrepreneurship strategy by SMEs. Research limitations/implications The data for this study were obtained from 41 TMTs in the south-east of Iran, which increases the probability that the results may not be directly transferable to certain companies in Western countries. Future research might attempt to test the ideas developed in this paper across different settings and samples. Originality/value Several theoretical and empirical studies have explored possible antecedents of corporate entrepreneurship. But a few papers investigated the role of TMT dispositions on corporate entrepreneurship strategy. By addressing the prominent role of TMT psychological dispositions on corporate entrepreneurship strategy, this paper attempts to fill this gap.
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Valliere, Dave. "Multidimensional entrepreneurial intent: an internationally validated measurement approach". International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 23, n. 1 (9 gennaio 2017): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-08-2015-0182.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose Entrepreneurial intent (EI) is a foundational construct in theories of entrepreneurship. But three challenges currently threaten the author’s ability to accurately measure EI. First, previous measurement approaches have confounded EI with closely related but theoretically distinct constructs such as attitudes and beliefs about entrepreneurship. Second, they have treated EI as an “all-or-nothing” decision, without reflecting the step-wise commitment of the entrepreneuring process. And finally, much of past EI research has been done in Western developed countries without validation in a diverse international context in which unstated assumptions about the EI construct may not hold. The purpose of this paper is to report on the development of a new EI scale that addresses these issues. Design/methodology/approach Nested structural equation modelling is used to develop and validate a novel scale for measuring EI in international contexts, based on data from 998 respondents in eight countries. Findings A two-dimensional substructure to the EI construct is revealed as especially apparent in non-Western countries. Based on this, a new 11-item scale is proposed and validated. Research limitations/implications Previous studies utilizing the EI construct may be biased by its imprecise measurement and confounding by other constructs in the nomological net. The present study provides new insight into the nature of the EI construct and a novel instrument for measuring it without bias. The discovered two-dimensional structure for EI measurement may also have implications for theorists interested in antecedents and effects of EI. Practical implications Accurate measurement of EI is essential to developing and targeting policies to effect changes in national entrepreneurship. Previous measurements may therefore have contributed to misstatement of policy objectives and allocation of national resources. Originality/value This research provides a validated method of measuring EI without the serious confounds of previous scales, and that is robust to a wide range of international settings. It also provides new insight into a two-dimensional substructure to the EI construct that has not been observed in previous studies.
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Panov, Aleksey, Natalya Balashova, Olga Zubova e Aijan Dosova. "Social entrepreneurship as innovative way of development of small business in the region". E3S Web of Conferences 157 (2020): 04018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015704018.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article considers issues of social entrepreneurship as a key tool for solving social problems in society and as a mechanism for changing the very concept of social policy at the state and regional levels. Therefore, the goal of this article is to analyze the current state of social entrepreneurship in the Volgograd region and its relationship with state and non-state actors. The following were used research methods: dialectical method; logical methods of economic research; methods of data analysis and formal logic. Social entrepreneurship in Russia is a new phenomenon compared to Western countries, and the recently emerged sector of the economy has not yet received such development in the subjects of the Russian Federation as abroad. Currently, the social business is not ready to answer a lot of questions related to solving social problems, however, a certain trend in this direction has been set. The state, society, and businesses are slowly moving away from the traditional understanding of the social activities that each of them is accustomed to carry out. The development of social entrepreneurship helps to smooth out pressing issues of society, speeds up their solution by involving a larger number of stakeholders in the issue.
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Yanai, Laila, Zizah Che Senik, Nur Sa’adah Muhamad, Hamizah Abd Hamid e Nurul Atasha Jamaludin. "PUSH AND PULL FACTORS INFLUENCING THAI IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURS CONDUCTING BUSINESS IN MALAYSIA". Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 5, n. 2 (25 giugno 2020): 19–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss2pp19-47.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the push and pull factors that influence Thai immigrant entrepreneurs (TIEs) to conduct a business in Malaysia. As a neighbouring country, Malaysia is one of the favourite migration destinations for TIEs, with an influx of them involved in restaurant businesses across the country. This phenomenon offers this study with an unconventional background for immigrant entrepreneurship as it occurs within the context of developing, non-Western countries.
Methodology: Outlined by previous studies on push and pull factors of immigration and immigrant entrepreneurship, this research employed a qualitative approach focusing on the experiences of six TIEs operating Thai/Siamese restaurants in Bandar Baru Bangi, a town located approximately 30 km south of Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. Data were collected mainly through face-to-face interviews among owners of restaurants in their premises, which ensures richness in the data.
Findings: The findings indicated several categories of business-based emigration factors for TIEs to Malaysia, spanning from economic, political, and social factors.
Contributions: Overall, the present research extends the knowledge of immigrant entrepreneurship especially within the non-Western context. Practice-wise, this study provides implications for policymakers in relation to business activities conducted by migrants in neighbouring countries, which are useful for both Malaysia and Thailand as the host and the origin country respectively.
Keywords: Thai immigrant entrepreneurs, Thailand, Malaysia, restaurant business, push and pull factors.
Cite as: Yanai, L., Che Senik, Z., Muhamad, N. S., Abd Hamid, H., & Jamaludin, N. A. (2020). Push and pull factors influencing Thai immigrant entrepreneurs conducting business in Malaysia. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(2), 19-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss2pp19-47
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Simonov, Sergey G., e Makka A. Khamatkhanova. "Tactics of economic behavior of "second-tier" entrepreneurship during the sanctions period". Proceedings from Higher Educational Institutions. Sociology. Economics. Politics 16, n. 2 (2023): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/1993-1824-2023-2-54-65.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The countries of the world that have accumulated experience of living under the conditions of eco-nomic sanctions of the West are marked. The main socio-economic consequences of anti-Russian Western sanctions for the "second-tier" entrepreneurship are identified. The results of surveys conducted by the Public Opinion Foundation among Russian entrepreneurs on the negative impact of Western economic sanctions on business are presented. The article examines the measures taken by small and medium-sized domestic economic entities to overcome the socio-economic consequences of sanctions pressure. The specific weights of the "second echelon" business structures that adhere to the development strategy, the survival strategy and also those who closed their business during the sanctions period are determined. The forms of organizational and legal support provid-ed by the state to domestic economic entities of small and medium-sized businesses are indicated. The role and place of tactical tools in the implementation of a self-oriented entrepreneurial strategy are substantiated. The peculiarities of the application of tactical approaches, methods and tools correcting the behavior of "second-tier" entrepreneurship during the sanctions period are revealed.
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Talić, Miljana, e Maja Ivanović Đukić. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENTAL CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN EUROPE AND THE USA". Facta Universitatis, Series: Economics and Organization, n. 1 (16 gennaio 2021): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fueo200907028t.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper presents a comparative analysis of the dominant theoretical concepts and models of social entrepreneurship development in continental Europe and the United States. The initial assumption of the paper was the differences in the model of capitalism that are present in these parts of the world, and the dominant theoretical concepts determine the differences in the form of manifestation of social entrepreneurial activity and the degree of population involvement in its implementation. Empirical research, with the aim of testing this assumption, was conducted on a sample of 50,000 social entrepreneurs from 25 countries. The results showed that there are no significant differences in the degree of involvement of the population in social entrepreneurial activity between Europe and the USA in the initial phase. In the operational phase, there are differences in the degree of involvement of the population in social entrepreneurship between Europe and the USA, but they are also present between Eastern and Western Europe, which means that they are not predominantly conditioned by theoretical concepts and models of social entrepreneurship, but by other factors.
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Potkina, Irina V. "SUCCESSION OF COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY IN LATE IMPERIAL RUSSIA: LAW AND PRACTICE". Ural Historical Journal 72, n. 3 (2021): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2021-3(72)-116-124.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article deals with some issues of elaboration of the most important part of civil laws connected with property relations in the field of entrepreneurship. In the early 19th century, Russia was in the process of forming corporate legislation, which put the empire on a par with the advanced Western European countries from this point of view. That fact contributed to the broader development of entrepreneurship, which could legally be carried out in various forms. At the same time, work was carried out on the improvement of such a legal category as the institution of property, on rethinking and generalization of the previous national experience. The legislative activity of the government in the second half of the 19th century focused on the problems of adapting the current norms of law to the peculiarities of the socio-economic development of the country, as well as filling the gaps caused by the abolition of serfdom. The article shows the implementation of legal norms in everyday commercial life using the typical examples of some Russian and foreign joint-stock companies. Ultimately, Russia’s legislation was brought in line with the norms in force in this area in Western European countries. Based on the factual material, contained in various published sources and archival documents, the author concludes that Russian laws created favorable conditions for entrepreneurial activity and ensured the protection of the property rights of merchants and manufacturers, allowing them to maintain succession in business legal relationship.
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Bartlett, Will. "Economic development in the European super-periphery: Evidence from the Western Balkans". Ekonomski anali 54, n. 181 (2009): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka0981021b.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper argues that the conflicts that afflicted the Western Balkan region in the 1990s pushed the countries into the European 'super-periphery', characterized by deindustrialization and high unemployment, ethnic and regional fragmentation, political turmoil, and instability. Integration into international trade has been disrupted, leading to chronic balance of payments deficits. Low inflows of international capital, due to high country risk, have hindered technological catch-up and weakened international competitiveness. An unattractive environment for productive entrepreneurship has created barriers to the entry of SMEs, and at the same time large informal economies. Several countries have become labour-export economies, with significant outflows of skilled labour. Economic development follows a low-skill growth path. The current global economic crisis is having a further deleterious effect as export revenues, foreign direct investment, and labour remittances all diminish. Furthermore, as transition has proceeded, disparities between capital cities and rural areas have increased, while weak administrative capacities have hindered the implementation of effective local development policies to counteract these effects. Endogenous local development cannot provide an alternative to greater engagement with the global economy. The conclusion is that the countries of the region have been left out of the most beneficial elements of the globalisation process, while simultaneously suffering from its main defects. Without a faster process of accession to the EU, local disparities are likely to widen, and the region may remain within the European super-periphery for the foreseeable future.
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Avdullahi, Ajtene, Vjosa Fejza Ademi, Besmir Salihu e Arif Krasniqi. "Women and youth unemployment in Western Balkans with particular focus on Kosovo". Population and Economics 6, n. 3 (8 novembre 2022): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/popecon.6.e76973.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Using the secondary data from Eurostat, World Bank, SEE Jobs Gateway Database and Kosovo Agency of Statistics labour source survey results the authors investigate female and youth unemployment as well as the level of inactivity in the labour market of Western Balkans with a particular focus on Kosovo. The results indicate that in Kosovo the unemployment rate remains the highest among Western Balkan countries. Whereas the unemployment rate of women and youth in Kosovo is even higher, presenting one of the main challenges and concerns for the country. The authors conclude by providing recommendations, which include implementing appropriate policies in order to decrease the unemployment rate, and the share of economically inactive women and youth by encouraging them to register as active job seekers or attend entrepreneurship training to gain the knowledge and skills needed to start a business.
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Nesse, Jon G., e Bharat P. Bhatta. "The Influence of local entrepreneurial environment and role models in motivating youths to create a new enterprise". International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Economic Issues 1, n. 1 (26 febbraio 2018): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/ijeei.v1i0.6.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Governments in almost all countries provide incentives to promote entrepreneurship generally andto establish new enterprises particularly. Creating new enterprises has also been an important goal inregional development policies of a country. However, what makes a person establish an enterprise stillremains the most important question. This study investigates the issue among final-year students infour different secondary schools from western Norway. The results show that local entrepreneurialenvironment and role models are important factors to contribute to and/or correlated with youngpeople’s desire to create a new enterprise. In addition to extending the prior results, our study supportsthe previous findings regarding the importance of social capital and desire for independence. Itshould, however, especially be noted that leadership ambitions was an important correlate underlyingestablishment of an enterprise among youths. Therefore, this study recommends including activitiesthat build up social capital, desire for autonomy, and leadership ambitions in education in order tomotivate youths to found an enterprise.
Keywords: New enterprise; Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurial intentions; Role models; Localentrepreneurial environment
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Basdekidou, Vasiliki, e Harry Papapanagos. "The Use of DEA for ESG Activities and DEI Initiatives Considered as “Pillar of Sustainability” for Economic Growth Assessment in Western Balkans". Digital 4, n. 3 (7 luglio 2024): 572–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/digital4030029.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is frequently used in efficiency analysis, has also been applied to the measurement of entrepreneurial efficiency for the attainment of desired values of macroeconomic indicators (such as the objectives of sustainable economic growth). For this application, DEA takes into account the economic, environmental, and social impact of entrepreneurship as the three dimensions of sustainability. This paper aimed to investigate the potential for a scalable (in diversity, equity, and inclusion dimensions) DEA application in sustainable entrepreneurship performance (SEP) assessment through three channels (assessing SEP without ESG activities; ESG→SEP; ESG (DEI)→SEP) and present an empirical study related to economic growth assessment and its environmental, social, and governance (ESG), and diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) determinants across selected Western Balkans (WB) and European Union (EU) companies, based on the use of the proposed scalable DEA. It highlights how crucial a scalable nonparametric approach to macroeconomic efficiency analysis is and provides a more comprehensive perspective to the researchers on this issue. This study used a non-oriented DEA model with variable return-to-scale in a group of 60 WB and 60 EU companies, all of which adopted ICT/Blockchain (BC) technologies (the 11 ESG metrics). The annual corporate data was collected for seven years from 2017 until 2023. We projected the selected data to three country particularities (mass acceptance, adoption, and implementation of ICT/BC; mass labor force return from overseas; and ethnic, cultural, and religious particularities) and performed statistical analysis. Our findings estimate the influence of these three particularities on economic growth potential. In all countries’ cases, we found a statistically sound (significant, positive) correlation between ESG and SEP’s economic growth quality performance. Particularly, when corporate social and DEI initiatives mediate (channel III), SEP’s economic growth gains the best performance (+18%) in countries with ethnic, cultural, and religious particularities (BiH, NM), a +17% in countries enjoying massive labor force return from overseas (AL) and performs well in quality (particularly in the innovation and integrity) SEP performance success dimensions (all WB and EU countries). The proposed scalable DEA shows clearly, by performing an empirical analysis, which modern business (adopting ICT/BC) is the most effective in achieving sustainability projected to country particularities, helping corporate management to improve economic growth efficiency.
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Meister, Alexander Dominik, e René Mauer. "Understanding refugee entrepreneurship incubation – an embeddedness perspective". International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 25, n. 5 (13 agosto 2019): 1065–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-02-2018-0108.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose Recent years have seen a wave of immigration in western countries. Entrepreneurship can foster refugees’ integration in the labour market. Hence, the authors observe an emergence of incubators with social purpose, addressing the key challenges of refugee entrepreneurs. The purpose of this paper is to look at the particularities and the impact of business incubation on entrepreneurial development and embeddedness of refugee entrepreneurs in the host country by applying the theoretical lens of mixed embeddedness theory. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a qualitative case study approach exploring one business incubation model for refugee entrepreneurs in Germany. For a multi-stakeholder perspective, the data were collected through a participatory focus group workshop and semi-structured interviews of refugee entrepreneurs and incubator stakeholders (e.g. incubator management, mentors and partners) contributing to the incubation. The data collection extends over the duration of five months of the incubation programme. Findings The empirical results emphasise the impact of the business incubator on refugee entrepreneur’s development and embeddedness. In this analysis, the authors identify key themes of a particular incubation process addressing the lack of embeddedness and barriers to refugee entrepreneurs in the host country. From the results, the authors elaborate a particular business incubation process framework of refugee entrepreneurs. Originality/value The findings enhance the understanding how business incubation contributes to the embeddedness of refugee entrepreneurs in their new hosting environment. Thus, this research contributes to the existing literature by extending incubation model frameworks towards refugee entrepreneurship and embeddedness perspectives. Furthermore, the study emphasises the role of the incubator in the context of the dimensions of the mixed embeddedness of the refugee entrepreneurs.
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ADOM, KWAME, e COLIN C. WILLIAMS. "EVALUATING THE MOTIVES OF INFORMAL ENTREPRENEURS IN KOFORIDUA, GHANA". Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 17, n. 01 (marzo 2012): 1250005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946712500057.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years, there has been growing recognition in the entrepreneurship literature that many entrepreneurs operate in the informal economy and that not all these informal entrepreneurs are doing so out of economic necessity and because of a lack of choice. Instead, it has been asserted that some of these informal entrepreneurs choose to exit the formal economy and trade on an off-the-books basis more as a matter of choice. However, until now most research displaying this has been conducted in advanced western and post-socialist economies. Little has been written on whether this is also the case in third (majority) world countries. This paper starts to fill this gap by evaluating informal entrepreneurs' motives in sub-Saharan Africa. Reporting the results of face-to-face structured interviews with 80 informal entrepreneurs in Ghana, the finding is that the majority, especially the women informal entrepreneurs, are predominantly necessity-driven while those who are principally intentional participants in informal entrepreneurship are men. However, many women who initially entered informal entrepreneurship out of necessity have over time become more opportunity-driven entrepreneurs. The outcome is a call for wider research in other global regions on informal entrepreneurs' motives and whether similar gender variations prevail.
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Sadenova, A. M., S. A. Rakhimova e S. N. Suieubayeva. "Adaptation of successful world practices for increasing the innovative potential of Kazakhstan business structures". Bulletin of "Turan" University, n. 4 (25 dicembre 2022): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2022-1-4-211-225.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article examines the foreign experience of the formation and development of the innovative potential of entrepreneurial structures. The purpose of this study is to develop new recommendations for the formation, development and stimulation of the innovative potential of entrepreneurial structures in Kazakhstan based on the analysis of foreign experience. Given the rather rich world experience in the formation and development of the innovative potential of entrepreneurial structures, many economists believe that if we implement successful world experience and take into account the mistakes of other countries, we can accelerate the process of forming an innovative economy. In the article, the authors highlighted the experience of countries such as the USA, Japan and the EU countries, since these countries are the base of modernization, it is there that the centers of advanced technologies are located. The study showed that the decisive role in the formation and development of innovative entrepreneurship is played by the state, which, on the one hand, establishes the rules for the functioning of the national innovation system, on the other hand, provides a resource component, including financing. Therefore, in Western countries, special attention is paid to issues of state support for innovative entrepreneurship. The article also discusses the practices of creating industry development (growth) centers that provide comprehensive scientific, technical, financial, production, and information support for the innovation activities of business structures, creating a single operator for the development of innovations by merging development institutions, creating an information retrieval specialized independent platform for advanced technologies and innovative developments, the so-called Innovation Observatory. This study made it possible to develop a number of recommendations that are most adaptive to Kazakhstan to stimulate the innovative activity of business structures.
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Bizri, Rima, Jamil Hammoud, Marwa Stouhi e Manar Hammoud. "The entrepreneurial university: a proposed model for developing nations". Journal of Management Development 38, n. 5 (10 giugno 2019): 383–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-11-2018-0347.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a model for entrepreneurial universities (EPUs) that operate in developing countries, as most of the existing research has either focused on the western context or neglected context altogether. The model is intended to identify the EPU’s key success factors while taking into consideration its contextual constraints. Design/methodology/approach A 60-item survey instrument was designed and distributed across the top 10 QS-ranked universities in Lebanon, and the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SmartPLS. Findings The results of data analysis confirmed the influence of resources and capabilities and knowledge transfer as the two most powerful “university-specific” success factors. Importantly, the relationship between the university-specific factors and innovation was mediated by the presence of a strong entrepreneurial culture, while an entrepreneurship environment was found to be conducive to entrepreneurship outcomes of the EPU. Originality/value This paper fills a gap in the literature by suggesting a model for the EPU in developing nations, taking into consideration the various constraints of those nations.
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Papakitsos, Evangelos C., Konstantinos Karakiozis e Anastasios Mavrakis. "Towards Sustainable Development and Green Economy in European Union". Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 1, n. 2 (20 agosto 2018): p27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/jems.v1n2p27.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Sustainable development is suggested by environmentalists as the solution for confronting the intense environmental, social and economic problems that emerge globally in the last decades. This study presents the recent features and trends of the associated concepts, like the green economy, green entrepreneurship, green professions and labour-market, with a particular reference to European Union countries. In the course of transforming the current economic model towards a green direction, vocational education appears as a fundamental prerequisite that will prepare the future workforce of green economy. In this respect, a small-scale research is also presented, recording the relevant opinions of senior high-school students in Western Attica (Greece), being an area of acute environmental, social and economic problems.
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van Geenhuizen, M., e P. Nijkamp. "Potentials for East — West Integration: The Case of Foreign Direct Investment". Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 16, n. 1 (febbraio 1998): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c160105.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Reshaping the relationships between Western Europe and the former communist bloc is one of the most intriguing challenges for the coming years. Will Central and Eastern Europe become passive players in the European and world economy, or will companies located there become integrated as fully fledged partners? Foreign direct investment (FDI) is heavily concentrated in a few countries in Central and Eastern Europe. It is argued that the type of FDI is more important than the amount of FDI. There is a need for a critical assessment of the strategies of the investors and the impacts on local entrepreneurship. In this vein, the authors describe various interesting future research paths and make policy recommendations.
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Kebaili, Boumediene, Saif Saeed Al-Subyae, Fahed Al-Qahtani e Zakariya Belkhamza. "An exploratory study of entrepreneurship barriers: the case of Qatar". World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 11, n. 3 (13 luglio 2015): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-03-2015-0014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the major entrepreneurship barriers facing Qataris. Qatar has a very specific economic and cultural environment that is different from any other Arab or western country. Such differences may contribute to the existing literature regarding entrepreneurship barriers in the Middle East. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative methodology was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with final year business students. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were used in order to uncover all aspects related to the research objective from the students’ perspective. Findings – Seven factors were identified as the main barriers to start-up new business activities among Qataris, which are: the non-availability of funds, risk avoidance, fear of failure, market barriers, knowledge barriers, stress avoidance, and attitude towards change. Research limitations/implications – It will be very useful to conduct a comparative study that covers more Gulf Cooperation Council countries to see whether the findings can be generalised to them. Furthermore, since this study adopted a qualitative approach, it will be interesting to empirically test these findings using a quantitative method. Practical implications – The government needs to ease and facilitate the loans, by establishing a government fund for financing new businesses. Learning institutions have an important role to reduce these barriers. Indeed, promoting a healthy culture that encourages and promotes entrepreneurship can be achieved by including specialised entrepreneurship courses into students’ curriculum as early as primary schools. Government can also allocate certain percentage of contracts to new or small companies. This will ease market access. Business associations must also play their part by providing assistance, and provide training programmes tailored to the need of local potential entrepreneurs. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the entrepreneurship body of knowledge by providing insight from the Qatari-specific economic and social environment context.
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Muhammad, Noor, Farid Ullah e Lorraine Warren. "An institutional perspective on entrepreneurship in a conflict environment". International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 22, n. 5 (1 agosto 2016): 698–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-04-2016-0112.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose – In this paper, an institutional perspective is used to examine the different kinds of pressures on entrepreneurs manifest in a conflict environment. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how they respond to the conflict and establish legitimacy for their entrepreneurship in the challenging context of the north western areas of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, a qualitative approach is taken based on semi-structured interviews from 16 different firms in the Swat valley. Findings – The entrepreneurs undertake different strategies towards dealing with conflict and establishing legitimacy. These strategies are identified and examined in relation to the interactions between entrepreneurial behaviour and institutional pressures. Research limitations/implications – Qualitative research on a small sample inevitably presents a limitation on the generalisability of this work. Further research could employ quantitative methods to address this issue. One particular location is studied, so future research could be carried out in other countries or regions with similar problems. Practical implications – The study may have value for policymakers who need to know more about how to support ongoing businesses in difficult regions. Social implications – Better understanding of the needs of small business may in time contribute to a better business climate in difficult regions. Originality/value – A new dimension is added to institutional theory through its application in the very uncertain environment between all-out war and ongoing violence, identifying the possibility of weak agency for institutional change. Further, the study contributes to the growing body of literature on entrepreneurship in conflict environments.
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Maresova, Petra, Ruzena Stemberkova e Oluwaseun Fadeyi. "Models, Processes, and Roles of Universities in Technology Transfer Management: A Systematic Review". Administrative Sciences 9, n. 3 (6 settembre 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci9030067.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Universities play pivotal roles when research findings are to be adopted commercially. Although these roles vary from one country to another, effective patenting and licensing procedures, as well as eventual commercialisation of scholarly inventions, reflect hard work on the part of the University mediating between the researcher and the industry through technology transfer offices (TTOs) in order to ensure that knowledge-developers take motivational and monetary credit for their findings. This paper details some existing models, processes, and roles taken up in some countries where sharing of intellectual property exists, and links it up with aspects of university–industry technology transfer, such as policies surrounding patenting, government investment and marketing, and the process of academic entrepreneurship, among others. 22 articles were found via a systematic review of literature and analysed with respect to four identified areas of focus: internal strategy, investment and market, academic entrepreneurship and policy. Based on models, processes, and roles in reviewed studies, our results indicate that new models for technology transfer mainly stem from the fact that there is no universally accepted model in the literature. Furthermore, management of technology transfer is mostly the responsibility of TTOs in most countries. While university TTOs act as intermediaries to protect the interest of the author/inventor, issues such as poor relationships between universities and industry, as well as funding, remain major challenges in many emerging economies. In contrast, researchers in western economies are mainly challenged by financial motivation and recognition within the academic domains.
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Mitra, Jay, e Harry Matlay. "Entrepreneurial and Vocational Education and Training". Industry and Higher Education 18, n. 1 (febbraio 2004): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000004773040979.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The social, economic and political systems of former communist countries have faced considerable changes since the late 1980s. Most countries in Eastern and Central Europe have undergone their own individual brand of transition from a centrally planned, command system to a more or less liberalized, Western-style market economy Many observers agree that in general there is still a great deal to be done to achieve the key goal of economic liberalization, but there is little agreement among academics as to what would constitute an effective and stabilizing transition in the region. In common with contemporary Western beliefs and attitudes, much of the new thinking and hopes for economic regeneration in Eastern and Central Europe have centred on entrepreneurship and small business development. In the early years of transition, the influx of international aid became a stumbling block to the establishment of the kind of support systems that had proved crucial for the survival and growth of small businesses in Western Europe. The demand for entrepreneurial skills and the deficiencies inherent in their new labour markets exposed post-communist economies to external shocks such as those caused by the termination of COMECON agreements and the Gulf War. The longitudinal research on which this paper is based was closely modelled on ongoing work by the authors, which involves an in-depth investigation of the ‘paradox of training’, the difference between attitude and practice, that exists in the small business sector of the UK economy. Following the results of a pilot study undertaken in the UK, the research was extended to include small business sectors across Eastern, Central and Western Europe.
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Li, Yuhua, Xiheng Gong, Jingyi Zhang, Ziwei Xiang e Chengjun Liao. "The Impact of Mobile Payment on Household Poverty Vulnerability: A Study Based on CHFS2017 in China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 21 (27 ottobre 2022): 14001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Changes in digital technology have brought about new opportunities in the field of financial poverty alleviation in China, and mobile payment as a new digital financial model is important in helping families to lift themselves out of poverty effectively and prevent a return to poverty. This paper examines the impact of mobile payment on household poverty vulnerability and the mechanism of action using the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) 2017 microsurvey data. After adopting the IVprobit model and a series of robustness tests, we found: (1) mobile payment significantly negatively impacts household poverty vulnerability; (2) the mechanism analysis indicates that promoting entrepreneurship and improving risk management capabilities are the main channels through which mobile payment mitigates household poverty vulnerability; (3) household entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial survival significantly reduce the probability of poverty vulnerability; and (4) the probit regression analysis explores how mobile payment has a greater negative impact on poverty vulnerability among low-income, homeless, and relatively backward households in rural or western areas. This work contributes to the literature on the use of electronic communication technology to eradicate poverty and on inclusive finance, providing vital results for other countries to use as an example.
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Usenko, Lyudmila, e Anton Glukhov. "Current development issues and historical experience of organizing public procurement". Scientific Works of the Free Economic Society of Russia 246, n. 2 (2024): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.38197/2072-2060-2024-246-2-189-210.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article highlights Russian historical experience in procurement and procurement of food, ranging from surplus appropriation, tax in kind, NEP to the organization of an extensive state system. Procurement mechanisms have been identified, which are currently carried out on a competitive basis and are centralized. It is shown that the production of the required volumes of food to be purchased is ensured by commodity producers through the effective use of production factors. These include: land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship, information, and the ecological environment. Conclusions are drawn about the specifics and need to improve the public procurement system in the context of the increasing policy of sanctions from Western countries and the United States, and current directions for the development of this system are proposed.
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Yang, Leke, e Fei Wang. "An Empirical Analysis on the Scientific Operation Mode of Entrepreneurial Incubators in Higher Vocational Colleges". Advances in Multimedia 2022 (27 settembre 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2720228.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years, the concept of global business incubators has developed greatly. Entrepreneurship incubators have gradually developed into an important part of the market ecosystem in developed countries and emerging economies, and the innovation ability of higher vocational colleges has been continuously proven. In order to fully tap the potential of higher vocational college business incubators in higher vocational colleges, and improve the operation efficiency of higher vocational college business incubators. Then, to find out the current advantages of higher vocational college business incubators and explore a new operation path suitable for the development of higher vocational college business incubators, we selected 2016-2018 regional business incubators in higher vocational colleges as research samples and used the DEA model to calculate the operation efficiency of business incubators in higher vocational colleges. It is found that business incubators in higher vocational colleges play an important role in cultivating comprehensive and high-quality enterprises. The development of entrepreneurship incubators in higher vocational colleges in different regions is uneven. Compared with the overall operation efficiency of the eastern and central and western regions, the operation efficiency of entrepreneurial incubators in the northeastern region is low. By comparing the operating efficiency of professional incubators and comprehensive incubators in higher vocational colleges in the northeastern region, it is found that the operating efficiency of professional incubators is significantly higher than that of comprehensive incubators. It provides a reference for the transformation of the operation mode of entrepreneurship incubators in higher vocational colleges.
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Hubeni, Yuriy, Oksana Krupa, Volodymyr Krupa e Sofiia Tsiolkovska. "The Foreign Economic Vector of Agribusiness Activity in the Western Region of Ukraine". Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 20(35), n. 4 (31 dicembre 2020): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2020.20.4.20.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to researching peculiarities and trends of foreign economic activity of agribusinesses in the Western region of Ukraine according to the terms of the Ukraine-European Union Association Agreement. The authors discuss the theoretical essence of agribusiness, as a kind of entrepreneurship, and the nature of foreign economic activity of enterprises. The main conditions of free trade in agricultural products introduced by the terms of the Agreement are determined and their influence on agribusiness export-import operation dynamics in the Western economic region is analyzed. The contribution of certain regions to forming agrarian product export and import volume and structure is considered and the reasons for the considerable advantages of the Lviv region in foreign trade turnover of the Western region are elucidated. It was found that agribusiness cooperation with foreign partners is mainly realized by indirect methods through trade agency organizations or agrarian holding companies. The structure dynamics of production goods for export and import by agribusinesses was studied. Based on the results, some negative tendencies for the Ukrainian economy were noted. They include the preservation of raw exports with a high share of plant origin products and timber, and the predominance of ready-made products with high added value in the import structure. It was established that the Agreement and social political events in Ukraine changed the direction of some export-import flows of agribusiness from CIS countries towards the markets of the European Union and Asian countries. According to the scale of external trade operations with enterprises of the Western region of Ukraine, in general, and within certain trade groups, in particular, country-leaders are defined. Some positive and negative consequences of changes in the foreign economic activity vector are described. And finally, measures which will ensure an expansion and strengthening of Ukraine’s agribusiness presence on international market, are suggested.
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Thompson Jackson, Janet, e Susan R. Jones. "Law & Entrepreneurship in Global Clinical Education". International Journal of Clinical Legal Education 25, n. 3 (18 dicembre 2018): 85–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijcle.v25i3.769.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As clinical legal education (CLE) continues to evolve and prepare practice-ready lawyers, and governments worldwide focus on the multilayered impact of technology, automation and artificial intelligence, there is a pressing need to examine law and entrepreneurship through the lens of global clinical legal education. The range of issues include: corporate social responsibility, disruptive technologies, microbusiness, social entrepreneurship, social impact investing, the creative economy, sustainable local economies, cooperatives and shared work, and inclusive entrepreneurship.Indeed, new legal entities like benefit corporations and low profit limited liability companies (L3Cs) have emerged to address contemporary legal needs and in the United States, the notion of an entrepreneurial mindset is prominent. Many of today’s law students are Millennial generation, ages 18-34, while others are digital natives who have not known a world without technology.Business law clinics (BLCs), also referred to as transactional clinics, representing for profit, nonprofit or nongovernmental (NGOs) organizations and social enterprises aim to support the growth of entrepreneurial ecosystems while promoting social and economic justice. BLCs teach law students substantive law, practical skills and professional values. Indeed, BLCs with a social and economic justice perspective can help law students, the next generation of leaders, to develop critical analytic skills and insights into how entrepreneurship supports and sometimes hurts human rights and civil society efforts.Part one of this article examines the evolution of global CLE in western countries like the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and in Georgia and Croatia. Part two discusses a more recent phenomenon in CLE, the emergence of BLCs, which expand the clinical experience beyond the courtroom to the boardroom, and the differences and similarities between litigation and transactional legal clinics. Part three examines the rise in BLCs globally, and contains case studies of the global experience in transactional CLE with perspectives from Georgia, Croatia, Australia, Canada and the U.K. Part four considers the unique pedagogical and programmatic aspects of BLCs, such as redefining “practice-ready,” teaching Millennials, and collaboration as a lawyering skill. Part five reflects on the significance of BLCs now. In Part six the article concludes by looking to the future of BLCs in a global context. The article also includes an Appendix 1 with BLC Lawyering Competencies and Learning Outcomes and Appendix 2 with a Checklist for Starting or Re-Imagining a BLC.
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Hojnik, Barbara Bradač, e Karin Širec. "Entrepreneurial dynamism and sustainability: Unveiling Europe’s economic growth patterns through cluster analysis". Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 8, n. 6 (5 giugno 2024): 3948. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i6.3948.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper highlights the complex relationship between entrepreneurship, sustainable development, and economic growth in 41 European countries, using a reliable K-Means cluster analysis. The research thoroughly evaluates three key factors: the SDG Index for sustainable development, GDP per capita for economic well-being, and the New Business Density Rate for entrepreneurial activity. Our methodology reveals three distinct narratives that embody varying degrees of economic vitality and sustainability. Cluster 1 comprises the financially stable and sustainability-oriented countries of Western and Northern Europe. Cluster 2 showcases the variegated economic and sustainability initiatives in Central and Southern Europe. Cluster 3 envelopes the economic titans with noteworthy business expansion but with the potential for better sustainable practices. The analysis reveals a favourable association between economic prosperity and sustainable development within clusters, although with nonlinear intricacies. The research concludes with a series of strategic imperatives specifically crafted for each cluster, promoting economic variation, increased sustainability, invention, and worldwide collaboration. The resulting findings highlight the crucial need for policy-making that considers the specific context and the potential for combined European resilience and sustainability.