Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Enslaved persons, united states, social conditions"
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Consulta la lista di attuali articoli, libri, tesi, atti di convegni e altre fonti scientifiche attinenti al tema "Enslaved persons, united states, social conditions".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Articoli di riviste sul tema "Enslaved persons, united states, social conditions"
1
Casey, Zachary A., Brian D. Lozenski e Shannon K. McManimon. "From neoliberal policy to neoliberal pedagogy: Racializing and historicizing classroom management". Journal of Pedagogy / Pedagogický casopis 4, n. 1 (1 giugno 2013): 36–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jped-2013-0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In this article we first trace the history of “management,” particularly in the United States, from the plantation to the factory to the corporation, with the intention of understanding and contextualizing “classroom management” in today‘s educational lexicon. To do so, we look at the intertwining history of racial knowledge and the management of enslaved persons; the subsequent development of scientific management; social efficiency educators‘ application of scientific management to education; and conceptions of classroom management in today‘s neoliberal environment, in which education is increasingly positioned as a consumer good subject to individual choice and competitive markets. We further look to examples from post- -colonial Africa to demonstrate the ways in which neocolonial forms of scientific management comingle and entwine with neoliberal policies and procedures. The global phenomenon of scientific management, rife with neoliberalism and racism, is finally examined in the context of (so-called) Culturally Responsive Classroom Management, a neoliberal project that claims to advocate social justice through the process of managing bodies in classrooms.
2
Handler, Jerome S., e Matthew C. Reilly. "Contesting “White Slavery” in the Caribbean". New West Indian Guide 91, n. 1-2 (2017): 30–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-09101056.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Seventeenth-century reports of the suffering of European indentured servants and the fact that many were transported to Barbados against their wishes has led to a growing body of transatlantic popular literature, particularly dealing with the Irish. This literature claims the existence of “white slavery” in Barbados and, essentially, argues that the harsh labor conditions and sufferings of indentured servants were as bad as or even worse than that of enslaved Africans. Though not loudly and publicly proclaimed, for some present-day white Barbadians, as for some Irish and Irish-Americans, the “white slavery” narrative stresses a sense of shared victimization; this sentiment then serves to discredit calls for reparations from the descendants of enslaved Africans in the United States and the former British West Indies. This article provides a detailed examination of the sociolegal distinctions between servitude and slavery, and argues that it is misleading, if not erroneous, to apply the term “slave” to Irish and other indentured servants in early Barbados. While not denying the hardships suffered by indentured servants, referring to white servants as slaves deflects the experiences of millions of persons of African birth or descent. We systematically discuss what we believe are the major sociolegal differences and the implications of these differences between indentured servitude and the chattel slavery that uniquely applied to Africans and their descendants.
3
Forrester, Sarah N., Joseph J. Gallo, Keith E. Whitfield e Roland J. Thorpe. "A Framework of Minority Stress: From Physiological Manifestations to Cognitive Outcomes". Gerontologist 59, n. 6 (29 agosto 2018): 1017–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny104.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Cognitive impairment and dementia continue to threaten the aging population. Although no one is immune, certain groups, namely black older persons, are more likely to have a diagnosis of certain dementias. Because researchers have not found a purely biological reason for this disparity, they have turned to a biopsychosocial model. Specifically, black persons in the United States are more likely to live with social conditions that affect their stress levels which in turn affect physiological regulation leading to conditions that result in higher levels of cognitive impairment or dementia. Here we discuss some of these social conditions such as discrimination, education, and socioeconomic status, and how physiological dysregulation, namely allostatic load that can lead to cognitive impairment and dementia in black persons especially.
4
Stokes, Jeffrey E., e Sara M. Moorman. "Sticks and Stones: Perceived Age Discrimination, Well-Being, and Health Over a 20-Year Period". Research on Aging 42, n. 3-4 (26 dicembre 2019): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027519894875.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study examines associations between perceived day-to-day age discrimination, positive well-being, and physical health over a 20-year span. Data came from all three waves of the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (1995–2014). Generalized structural equation modeling was used to analyze 6,016 observations of 3,102 participants and test associations between age discrimination and (a) psychological well-being and positive affect, and (b) self-rated health, instrumental activities of daily living, and chronic conditions. Associations were also examined between the well-being measures and all three health outcomes. Between-persons and within-persons effects were modeled separately but simultaneously. Both between-persons and within-persons results revealed numerous significant associations between age discrimination and physical health, although results were stronger between-persons. Moreover, hypothesized associations of age discrimination with well-being, and of well-being with physical health, were supported both between- and within-persons. Findings suggest diminished well-being may be one mechanism whereby age discrimination harms health.
5
Saito, Natsu. "Origin Stories: Critical Race Theory Encounters the War on Terror". Michigan Journal of Race & Law, n. 27.1 (2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.36643/mjrl.27.1.origin.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Stories matter. They matter to those intent on maintaining structures of power and privilege, and to those being crushed by those structures. In the United States, the space to tell, and to hear, our stories has been expanding. This means that the histories and lived realities of those who have been excluded, particularly people of color, are seeping into mainstream discourse, into the books our children read, the movies and television shows they watch, and the many websites comprising social media. Critical race theory has played a role in this expansion. It insists that we recognize the legitimacy of the stories of those deemed “Other” because they have been erased or distorted beyond recognition in the dominant narrative. 3 Critical race theory has helped ensure that the legacies of genocide and broken treaties, of the cruelties imposed upon enslaved persons, of the forced inclusion and exclusion of those regarded simply as disposable labor, have worked their way into the realm of what can be talked about. Critical race scholars have exposed immigration injustices and called out xenophobia and Islamophobia. All this discomfits those who benefit, or believe they benefit, from the status quo.
6
Ko, Emily Meichun, Elizabeth Tubridy, Sebastian Spataro Solorzano, Fiona Simpkins, Anna Jo Bodurtha Smith e Mary Boland. "Disparities in gynecologic oncology clinical trial availability in the United States: A state-level analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, n. 16_suppl (1 giugno 2024): e23128-e23128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e23128.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
e23128 Background: Disparities in minority participation in gynecologic cancer clinical trials is well documented. FDA guidance stipulates geographic informed analyses to reduce barriers to trial participation. We performed a geographical analyses of gynecologic cancer clinical trials in the United States relative to racial distribution and social vulnerability indices to identify areas of increased need. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of NIH ClinicalTrials.gov by retrieving all trials first posted 1/1/2013 through to 1/10/2024. We searched for ovarian, uterine, cervical, endometrial, vaginal/vulvar and gynecological cancer. We reviewed enrollment criteria to exclude non-gynecological cancers (1643 trials) or non-invasive gynecological conditions (224 trials). We aggregated census data, state-level total population size, percent Non-Hispanic White (NHW), and the FEMA Expected Annual Loss per state as a measure of social vulnerability. Using R statistical software (v 4.3.1), we measured the association between these variables and the number of gynecological trials per 100,000 persons using Pearson’s correlation. Results: We identified 3,428 trials, filtered down to 1,561 invasive cancer trials. The most common trials were ovarian (911, 58.3%) and cervical (438, 28.0%), followed by endometrial (385, 24.6%), uterine (158, 10.1%), vulva-vaginal (78, 4.99%), and 7.62% genetic-based. Texas had the highest number of trials (501) followed by California (454) and New York (427). The state with the highest population-adjusted number of trials was South Dakota (8.57 trials per 100,000 persons), followed by Rhode Island at 8.38 per 100,000 persons. California, Mississippi, and Puerto Rico had the lowest number of trials per 100,000 persons with 1.148, 0.979, 0.466 respectively. States/territories with greater than 4 trials per 100,000 were comprised of populations that were > 50% NHW. The correlation between the state-level percentage of NHW in 2020 and the number of trials per 100,000 persons was p = 0.057 indicating that there was a correlation between Whiteness at the state-level and trial availability. We found that states with higher FEMA expected annual loss had lower numbers of gynecological trials per 100,000 persons (p < 0.001). Conclusions: We found a disparity in the geographical distribution of trials available for gynecological cancers that was correlated with racial disparities and social vulnerability. Efforts to increase decentralization of trials and improve access and availability of gynecologic cancer clinical trials are necessary to increase equity for minority representation in clinical trials at the national level.
7
Gratton, Brian, e Emily Klancher Merchant. "An Immigrant's Tale: The Mexican American Southwest 1850 to 1950". Social Science History 39, n. 4 (2015): 521–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2015.70.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Recent scholarship on Mexican Americans in the United States, relying largely on qualitative evidence, sees racism and exploitation as the major explanatory factors in their history. Using representative samples of persons of Mexican origin, we argue that immigration is fundamental to their historical experience. A small, beleaguered community in 1850, the Mexican-origin population grew during the late nineteenth century due to greater security under US jurisdiction. However, immigration between 1900 and 1930 created a Southwest broadly identified with persons of Mexican origin. Economic development in Mexico, restriction of European immigration to the United States, and extreme cross-border wage differentials prompted extensive emigration. Despite low human capital, circular migration, and discrimination, immigrant Mexicans earned substantially higher wages than workers in Mexico or native-born Hispanics in the United States. They followed typical immigrant paths toward urban areas with high wages. Prior to 1930, their marked tendency to repatriate was not “constructed” or compelled by the state or employers, but fit a conventional immigrant strategy. During the Depression, many persons of Mexican origin migrated to Mexico; some were deported or coerced, but others followed this well-established repatriation strategy. The remaining Mexican-origin population, increasingly native born, enjoyed extraordinary socioeconomic gains in the 1940s; upward mobility, their family forms, and rising political activity resembled those of previous immigrant-origin communities. In the same decade, however, the Bracero Program prompted mass illegal immigration and mass deportation, a pattern replicated throughout the late twentieth century. These conditions repeatedly replenished ethnicity and reignited nativism, presenting a challenge not faced by any other immigrant group in US history.
8
Waller, Steven N., Dawn M. Norwood, LeQuez Spearman e Fritz G. Polite. "Black American female Olympic Athletes have not reaped the same social standing and economic benefits that their counterparts have since the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City". Sport Science Review 25, n. 1-2 (1 maggio 2016): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssr-2016-0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper presents an abbreviated version of an ‘elite’ interview conducted with Madeline Manning-Mims. The 1968 Olympic protest was a pivotal moment in Olympic and American sports history. At the forefront of the protest was the pre-eminent sport sociologist Dr. Harry Edwards. Edwards’ leadership catalyzed the African American boycott of the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City, however, Black female athletes were either silenced or recused themselves from the protest. A series of semi-structured, retrospective interview questions were posed to Manning-Mims to gather her perspectives on the progress that Black American, women Olympic athletes have made in the USA from 1968 to present. Analysis of the ‘expert’ interview with Mims indicated that: 1) the social conditions in the United States that have plagued Black female athletes in 1968 had changed for the better; 2) on the whole Black U.S. athletes in the second millennium have become “commoditized” after the Olympics and gain substantially from their celebrity; and 3) Black female athletes can become enslaved to the economics of their celebrity if they are not careful.
9
Jiang, Hantao, e Xueqing Wang. "HEALTHY CAREGIVER SELECTION AMONG DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT". Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1 novembre 2022): 872–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.3117.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract As of 2019, more than 4 million older adults aged 65+ in the United States are cognitively impaired, including the diagnoses of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Caregivers to these older adults bear significant burden, reflected as high prevalence of chronic stress and mental health problems among the caregiver population. It is thus crucial to understand the wellbeing of the caregiver population to design effective policies. Previous studies have documented survival advantage of dementia caregivers compared to non-caregiving individuals as well as other types of caregivers, namely caregivers to persons with MCI or other types of chronic conditions. However, it remains less clear how the role of social support explains dementia caregiver’s survival advantage. In this paper, we directly compare the level and type of social support between different types of caregivers, and examine to what extent the difference in social support explains the survival and health advantage of dementia caregivers compared to caregivers to persons with MCI, non-cognitive impairment chronic conditions and non-caregiving individuals. We use the 12 waves of the Health and Retirement Study and apply multivariate and survival analysis to calculate difference in age-specific hazard ratios. Our preliminary results show that dementia caregivers tend to secure stronger support from family members than caregivers to persons with MCI. Our results have potential to shed light on the empirical puzzle of healthy caregiver selection effect and have direct implications for designing effective intervention to improve health of the caregiver population.
10
Martinos, Fadi. "STATE VARIATION IN CANNABIS REGULATIONS CONCERNING OLDER AMERICANS". Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (1 dicembre 2023): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.0038.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract As of 2022, 21 states have fully legalized cannabis, 23 legalize for medical use only, and 6 states prohibit cannabis use entirely. While previous research has associated discrete aspects of state cannabis regulation with individual outcomes, little is known about the administrative rules most relevant to older persons. We previously have observed how the progressive approach to legalization across the United States, which includes flexible regulation on legal access, medical program eligibility and qualifying conditions, potency limits, care giver autonomy and others has corresponded with increased accessibility and use of cannabis among Americans over 65 years old. In this study, we source data on seven distinct state regulations pertaining to older persons and measured each on a scale reflecting permissiveness relevant to access and use. We used individual item measures to construct aggregated scores of state policies and charted changes within and among these seven state policies from 2016 to 2022. This research advances scientific understanding by capturing finite distinctions among state regulatory approaches most likely to impact older persons and offering reliable time-varying measures to be included in multi-level model formulations.
Tesi sul tema "Enslaved persons, united states, social conditions"
1
Sandeen, Loucynda Elayne. "Who Owns This Body? Enslaved Women's Claim on Themselves". PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1492.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
During the antebellum period of U.S. slavery (1830-1861), many people claimed ownership of the enslaved woman's body, both legally and figuratively. The assumption that they were merely property, however, belies the unstable, shifting truths about bodily ownership. This thesis inquires into the gendered specifics and ambiguities of the law, the body, and women under slavery. By examining the particular bodily regulation and exploitation of enslaved women, especially around their reproductive labor, I suggest that new operations of oppression and also of resistance come into focus.
The legal structure recognized enslaved women in the interest of owners, and this limitation was defining, meaning that justice flowed in one direction. If married white women were "civilly dead," as famously evoked by the Declaration of Sentiments (1848) then enslaved women were civilly non-existent. The law controlled, but did not protect slaves, and a number of opponents to slavery denounced this contradictory scenario during the antebellum era (and before). Literally, enslaved women were claimed by their masters, purchased and sold as chattel. Physically, they were claimed by those men (both white and black) who sought to have power over them. Symbolically, they were claimed by anti-slavers and pro-slavers alike when it suited their purposes, often in the domains of news and literature, for the sake of advancing their ideas, a rich record of which fills court cases, newsprint, and propaganda touching the slavery issue before the civil war.
Due to the numerous ways that enslaved women's bodies have been claimed, owned, or circulated in markets, it may have been considered implicit to many that others owned their bodies. I believe that this is an oversimplified historical supposition that needs to be re-theorized. Indeed, enslaved women lived in a time when they were often led to believe that their bodies were not truly their own, and yet, many of them resisted their particular forms of oppression by claiming ownership of their bodies and those of their children; sometimes using rather extreme methods to keep from contributing to their oppression. In other words, slave owners' monopoly of the legal, economic, and logistical meanings of ownership of slaves had to be constantly reaffirmed and negotiated. This thesis asks: who owned the enslaved woman's body? I seek to emphasize that enslaved women were valid claimants of themselves as can seen in primary sources that today have only been given limited expression in the historiography.
2
Karim. "Leaving the bridge, passing the shelters : understanding homeless activism through the utilization of spaces within the Central Public Library and the IUPUI Library in Indianapolis". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5928.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)By definition, homelessness refers to general understanding of people without a home or a roof over their heads. As consequences of a number of factors, homelessness has become a serious problem especially in cities throughout the United States. Homeless people are usually most visible on the streets and in settings like shelters due to the fact that their presences and activities in public spaces are considered illegal or at least “unwanted” by city officials and by members of the public. In response to this issue, activists throughout the country have worked tiresly on behalf of homeless people to demand policy changes, an effort that resulted in the passage of the homeless bill of rights in three states, namely Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Illinois. As I discovered through my fieldwork, in Indiana, the homeless, themselves, are currently lobbying for passage of a similar measure. Locating my fieldwork on homelessness in Indianapolis in two sites, the Indianapolis Marion County Public Library (the Central Library) and the IUPUI Library, I examine the use of library buildings as alternative temporary shelters and spaces where the homeless can organize for political change. As an Indonesian ethnographer, I utilized an ethnographic approach, which helped me to reveal “Western values” and “American culture” as they play out in the context of homelessness. In this thesis, I show that there is a multi-sited configuration made up of issues, agents, institutions, and policy processes that converge in the context of the use of library buildings by the homeless. Finally, I conclude that public libraries and university libraries as well can play a more important role beyond their original functions by undertaking tangible actions, efforts, engagements, and interventions to act as allies to the homeless, who are among their most steadfast constituencies. By utilizing public university library facilities, the homeless are also finding their voices to call for justice, for better treatment, and for policies that can help ameliorate the hardship and disadvantages of homelessness.
Libri sul tema "Enslaved persons, united states, social conditions"
1
J, Heglar Charles, a cura di. The life and adventures of Henry Bibb: An American slave. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2001.
Cerca il testo completo
2
Loren, Katz William, a cura di. Flight from the devil: Six slave narratives. Trenton, N.J: Africa World Press, 1996.
Cerca il testo completo
3
American Slavery As It Was In 1839: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses. Badgley Publishing Company, 2013.
Cerca il testo completo
4
Slaves for hire: Renting enslaved laborers in antebellum Virginia. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2012.
Cerca il testo completo
5
Narrative of the Life and Adventures of. Dodo Press, 2005.
Cerca il testo completo
6
Narrative of the Life and Adventures of. IndyPublish.com, 2005.
Cerca il testo completo
7
Narrative of the Life and Adventures of. IndyPublish.com, 2005.
Cerca il testo completo
8
Slavery (History Firsthand). Tandem Library, 2001.
Cerca il testo completo
9
The House of Bondage. Cosimo Classics, 2005.
Cerca il testo completo
10
American Slavery As It Is; Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses. General Books LLC, 2010.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Enslaved persons, united states, social conditions"
1
Constantinesco, Thomas. "Willing Pain in Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl". In Writing Pain in the Nineteenth-Century United States, 59–86. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192855596.003.0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter explores how Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861) exposes the problematic function of pain in the disciplinary apparatus of slavery and in the constitution of Black subjectivity. It considers how Jacobs illuminates the contradiction of slavery’s biopolitical power, which treated enslaved men and women as both possessing and not possessing a will. As property, the chapter shows, enslaved people had no will, only a body that did not belong to them; as legal persons, they were granted a negative will of criminal intent, which returned them to their commodified body, experienced through the pain of forced labor and corporeal punishment. The chapter demonstrates however that, rather than seeking to escape from body to will, Jacobs’s journey from enslavement to emancipation takes the form of a looping structure, whereby she comes to will her own pain of body and mind through her escape in the “loophole of retreat” she finds in her grandmother’s garret. It further argues that the narrativization of her pain complicates the equivalence between literacy and liberation that underwrites slave narratives, as much as it challenges the conventions of sentimentalism that Incidents nevertheless deploys. It eventually makes the claim that, by willing pain as a paradoxical source of agency, Jacobs’s narrative reveals how pain is integral both to the reappropriation of embodied selfhood and to the familial and social bonds she strives to recover after her flight from enslavement.
2
Spencer, Edward M., Ann E. Mills, Mary V. Rorty e Patricia H. Werhane. "The Relationship of Social Climate to the Historical Development of the Healthcare Organization and Its Ethical Climate". In Organization Ethics in Health Care, 92–117. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195129809.003.0006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Our healthcare organizations owe much of their form and function, as well as their publicly perceived mission, to their particular history in the United States and the social, economic, and political conditions under which they operate. The organization of health and hospital services has always reflected changing societal values and interests. These societal interests shape the ethical climate within which healthcare organizations operate. They help determine how their income is derived, who has the power to affect their direction and everyday operation, and how their mission is perceived and judged. The changing relationships within an HCO itself (involving the board of directors, administrators, medical staff, other clinical staff, ancillary staff, hourly employees, and, most importantly, patients) as well as the relationships between individuals or groups representing the HCO and interested persons outside the organization are also important factors when attempting to analyze its ethical climate.
3
Huhn, Andrew S. "Sex as a Biological Variable and Gender as a Social Construct in the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder". In The Oxford Handbook of Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder, C34S1—C34S16. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197618431.013.34.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The opioid crisis has devasted individuals, families, and communities in the United States and abroad. Improving opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment requires a nuanced understanding of the risk factors associated with the onset of OUD, and barriers to successful, long-term recovery. Women and men might have several unique risk factors for initiating opioid use, progressing from non-medical opioid use to OUD, and experiencing negative OUD treatment outcomes. These unique risk factors are best understood by examining sex and a biological variable and gender as a social construct in persons with OUD. Toward this end, the research reviewed in this chapter includes sex-based biological factors that affect opioid use, such as neurohormonal interactions with the endogenous opioid system and sex-based differences in neural development, as well as gender-based societal influences that can lead to OUD and potentially stymie attempts at treatment, such as traditional gender roles within the family unit and stigma surrounding OUD treatment. Factors that encompass the intersection of sex and gender are also discussed in the context of OUD treatment, including co-morbid mental health conditions, chronic pain, and response to medications for OUD (MOUD). Building on the preclinical and clinical research on these topics, future studies should aim to optimize pharmacotherapeutic approaches within subpopulations of women and men with OUD, develop strategies to better engage women and men with childcare responsibilities in OUD treatment, and reduce stigma associated with living with OUD and seeking treatment for OUD.
4
Given, Barbara A., e Charles W. Given. "The Older Cancer Patient". In Psycho-Oncology, a cura di Matthew J. Loscalzo, 663–70. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190097653.003.0083.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Approximately one-third of all persons reaching the age of 70 will receive a cancer diagnosis. By 2022, there will be 18 million cancer survivors in the United States, and approximately 63% will be 65 or older. Among the population 65 and older, cancer is the second leading cause of death. These increasing incidence rates combined with longer survival will place new demands on the cancer delivery system. The single largest payers for healthcare, Medicare and Medicaid, will experience increased stress as immunologic and other costly therapies become the standards of care. It is important to understand how to manage care for older persons with cancer, many of whom may already be dealing with other chronic health problems. Factors beyond chronological age must be considered when care decisions are made. Given the increased life expectancy resulting from improved treatment of cancer, as well as management of other chronic diseases, cancer and aging are important areas of concern for the future of healthcare. Older patients, even those with few or no comorbid conditions, are less likely to receive treatment with a curative intent. Older cancer patients face the challenge of finding individualized, patient-centered cancer care that considers how physiological, social, psychological, and, more recently, economic parameters interact with treatment options to attain outcomes that manage the disease while preserving quality of life. This chapter discusses these parameters as they pertain to cancer and cancer treatment in the older individual.
5
Págio, Leonardo Saraiva. "UMA NOVA ORDEM JURÍDICA FISCAL INTERNACIONAL ATRAVÉS DA COOPERAÇÃO ELETRÔNICA DE INFORMAÇÕES FINANCEIRAS-FISCAIS". In Fronteiras de acesso à Justiça: Processo e Meios Alternativos na Democracia no Século XXI, 35–53. JUS.XXI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51389/qdkv9608.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In a Portuguese-Brazilian dialogue, confronting the realities of the American and European continents, it is clear that the European Union, through the OECD with the support of the United States through FATCA, contributes to international cooperation with respect to providing legal conditions and procedures favorable to an information technology integrated in the scope of their respective financial-fiscal systems to attend to the control and inspection of facts that generate taxable wealth and, in this way, realize distributive justice at the international level, strengthening all countries. It is notorious the existence of a significant portion of the population using the culture of avoiding taxation as an advantageous means to indulge themselves and have greater gains against competitors in an unfair way. This posture on the part of natural and legal persons in American and European countries directly harms the collection, the provision of public services and the democratic process for the effective reduction of social inequalities. Confronting this nefarious and improper conduct of omissive tax exemption, which directly affects the implementation of international fiscal and human rights standards, is in line with a promising legal regime for exchanges at a technological level of financial-tax information in the fight against fraud and tax evasion. In addition to eliminating terrorist financing, preventing aggressive tax planning, money laundering and eliminating criminal organizations that engage in money laundering and other crimes against public order. The theme of exchanging tax information has been widely debated and new paradigms have been adopted, namely due to the international context we have lived in the last decades characterized by the phenomenon of globalization of national economies, technological advances, the role of the Social State and several unexpected events and impacting of a natural or induced nature, it has favored a new posture of adaptation, improvement and integration of countries and their administrative operation systems and, above all, fiscal. The activities in this legal exchange regime, according to the author, are the responsibility of an international organization with specialized technical coordination (European Commission/WTO) with power to make decisions regarding the promotion or economic administrative restrictions in favor of the public interest, in the rigorous and sophisticated regulation of the entire flow of information generated in each tax system in the European Union, Mercosur and all countries in the world, so that taxpayers are under monitoring and security regarding their valued income and acquisitions, given the globalized economy, as this deepens scientific research in his master's thesis in legal and business sciences in Portugal. The European Union, like Mercosur and other intergovernmental organizations for economic integration, are advancing with the objective of transparency and improvement of processes that will benefit the State's revenue and establish fiscal rules that favor the exchange of financial information between countries for an advanced control and inspection of the tax system, in the face of that omissive sovereign State, which perhaps does not respect or is unable to preserve the rights constitutionally guaranteed to all its citizens. The cooperation system in the exchange of financial-fiscal information at a universal level, between the tax administrations integrated to the competition bodies, will enable the execution of investigation, analysis, control and financial-fiscal-market assessment of all taxpayers and companies in a certain territory, so that it does not happen that a given company decides to transfer to another country to carry out its operations, based on privileged and selective conditions granted to it, without taking into account the damage to competitors, to the taxpayers and the State.