Tesi: "Enriched environment"

1

Kuric, Enida. "The Impact of Enriched environment on Lipid metaboilsm after Experimental Stroke". Thesis, Mälardalen University, Mälardalen University, Department of Biology and Chemical Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-6530.

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Stroke is the major cause of serious long-term disability with a sufficient acute treatment for only a very limited number of patients. Limited recovery of neurological functions occurs and can be elevated by a permissive post-stroke milieu. Housing animals in an enriched environment modulates regenerative mechanisms in the nonischemic peri-infarct area which might be an attractive target for pharmacological treatments to promote recovery.

Upon ischemia, cellular lipids are released due to massive cell damage and free lipids significantly contribute to the progression of acute and delayed cell death. The aim of this study was to evalute the effect of enriched environment on lipid metabolism. In particular we characterize the activation of the transcription factor liver X receptor (LXR) in glial scar formation and regulation of cholesterol balance of relevance for functional recovery following stroke. Brain tissues from animals subjected to permanent occlusion of middle cerebral artery (pMCAo) were analysed for LXRα and β protein expression. We found an upregulation and an increased transcriptional activity of LXRβ in the peri-infarct area of rats housing in an enriched environment following pMCAO. Our data anticipate that enriched environment may have positive effects on lipid recycling in the ischemic hemisphere following experimental stroke.

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2

Rönnbäck, Annica. "The effect of enriched environment on gene expression and stroke recovery". Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-278.

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Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the major course of long-term disabilities in industrialized countries. Most surviving stroke patients show some degree of spontaneous recovery, but persistent symptoms in sensorimotor and cognitive functions are common. The symptoms can be reproduced in experimental stroke models in rats by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Housing rats in an enriched environment (EE), i.e. group housing in a large cage with toys that are changed daily, increases neuronal plasticity in healthy rats and can also improve functional recovery after experimental stroke.

The present thesis investigates the effect of EE on the recovery of sensorimotor and cognitive functions one month after focal cerebral ischemia in rats, with emphasis on the underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, EE-induced effect on gene expression in healthy rats was investigated after different periods of EE-housing and at different time points of the day.

We show an improved recovery of both sensorimotor and cognitive functions in rats housed in EE for one month after focal cerebral ischemia. The recovery of sensorimotor function correlated significantly to mRNA expression of the plasticity associated transcription factors NGFI-A and NGFI-B in hippocampus and cortical regions outside the infarct. Social interaction seems to be an important component for the beneficial effects of EE after focal cerebral ischemia. Microarray analysis of hippocampal gene expression after one month of postischemic environmental enrichment revealed no confirmable EE-induced changes that could explain the improved recovery in spatial memory. Interestingly, healthy rats housed in EE showed increased mRNA expression of NGFI-A and Krox-20 exclusively during the dark period of the day compared to rats housed in isolation. In addition, EE housed rats had a substantial diurnal variation in NGFI-A, Krox-20 and NGFI-B mRNA expression; this was absent in single-housed rats. EE-induced changes in gene expression are more evident during the dark period of the day, when rats are more active and can benefit from the stimulating environment. This is important to consider in future investigation of putative mediators of the EE-induced neuronal plasticity.

In summary, these findings may contribute to an increased understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms behind improved functional recovery in rats housed in enriched environment after focal cerebral ischemia.

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3

Pham, Therese M. "Effects of neonatal handling and enriched environment on neurotrophins and cognitive function /". Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4362-1/.

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4

Adams, Richard. "Connecting and investing : the Senior Sister's role in, and experiences of, an enriched environment". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540601.

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5

Dydowicz, Jaroslaw. "The development of TESOL teacher beliefs and knowledge in an ICT-enriched CPD environment". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10021752/.

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This thesis investigates the professional development of TESOL teachers during a postgraduate peer-taught course in English Philology at the Pedagogical University in Krakow, Poland. The analysis, conducted on the basis of a Grounded Theory approach, examines how an ICT CPD course influenced the professional development of forty newly-qualified Polish teachers of English as a Foreign Language, who engaged in peer teaching as a central component of the course. The research uncovers and examines teacher beliefs and knowledge in a setting characterised by a high degree of autonomy. The study proposes that the participants, in order to present themselves as competent and self-assured ELT professionals, acted upon the notion of the ‘good teacher’ through both the tacit and the explicit CMC-based negotiation of a collaboratively structured teaching model consistent with their beliefs. In the process of designing ICT-rich English lessons, the participants, guided by their beliefs, ascribed value to subject-specific pedagogical knowledge and skills, foregrounding pedagogy and normalising the technology. The role of autonomy is confirmed as a prerequisite for the kind of practice which supports and enables the pedagogical development of teachers in such an ICT CPD. The thesis offers an original contribution in its presentation of a new construct for understanding teacher belief in the context of technology-related settings. The Technological Pedagogical and Content Beliefs construct (TPACB) attempts to capture the relationship between different types of teacher beliefs, and complements a parallel knowledge construction model - Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge – by offering a proposition which illuminates the nature of the interplay of the beliefs relevant to the field of TESOL and other areas of education. In addition, the study proposes a model for an ELT CPD practicum which encourages development in pedagogical knowledge and beliefs while promoting the integration of ICT into practice.

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6

Zarif, Peyvandi Hadi. "Modulation de la plasticité hippocampique par l’enrichissement de l’environnement : rôle des lymphocytes T". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4058/document.

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La plasticité cérébrale est une capacité remarquable des cellules du cerveau à adapter leur structure et fonction en réponse à l’expérience et l’environnement. Cette plasticité cérébrale est favorisée par des conditions de vie favorables qui peuvent être modélisées chez le rongeur par le modèle de l’Environnement Enrichi (EE). L’EE consiste à mettre un grand nombre de souris dans de grandes cages comprenant de nombreux objets (nids, tunnels, roues…) qui sont changés régulièrement. L’EE induit une activité physique volontaire accrue, des conditions optimales pour la stimulation des interactions sociales, du comportement exploratoire et des fonctions cognitives. L’EE exerce des effets bénéfiques sur les processus physiologiques au niveau de nombreux systèmes (hormonal, cardiovasculaire, immunitaire…). L’EE réduit les comportements anxio-dépressifs, améliore l'apprentissage et la mémorisation. Ces effets sont sous-tendus par des changements au niveau du cerveau et en particulier de l’hippocampe, où l’on observe en EE plus de neurogenèse et synaptogenèse. De manière intéressante, chez les souris immunodéficientes, les performances mnésiques et la neurogenèse sont très altérées, suggérant une interaction bidirectionnelle entre le système immunitaire et le cerveau. Parmi les cellules du système immunitaire, les lymphocytes T (LT) semblent jouer un rôle particulièrement important dans les mécanismes de plasticité neuronale. Notre objectif a été de caractériser le rôle des LT dans les effets de l’EE sur la plasticité cérébrale et de chercher si ces effets impliquent une modification des LT par l’EE
Cerebral plasticity is a remarkable ability of brain cells to adapt their structure and function in response to experience and the environment. This cerebral plasticity is enhanced by favorable living conditions that can be modeled in the rodent by the Enriched Environment (EE) model. The EE consists in large number of mice in large cages including numerous objects (nests, tunnels, wheels ...) which are changed frequently. EE induces increased voluntary physical activity, optimal conditions for stimulation of social interactions, exploratory behavior and cognitive functions. EE has beneficial effects on physiological processes in many systems (hormonal, cardiovascular, immune system...). EE reduces anxio-depressive behavior, improves learning and memory. These effects are underpinned by changes in the brain and particularly in the hippocampus, where EE induce more neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Interestingly, in immunodeficient mice, memory performance and neurogenesis are highly impaired, suggesting a bidirectional interaction between the immune system and the brain. Among the cells of the immune system, T cells appear to play a major role in neuronal plasticity mechanisms. Our objective was to characterize the role of T cells in EE’s effects on cerebral plasticity and to investigate whether these effects imply a modification of T cells by EE

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7

Hopson, Michael H. (Michael Hugh). "Effects of a Technology Enriched Learning Environment on Student Development of Higher Order Thinking Skills". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279055/.

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The problem for this study was to enhance the development of higher order thinking skills and improve attitudes toward computers for fifth and sixth grade students. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a Technology Enriched Classroom on student development of higher order thinking skills and student attitudes toward the computer. A sample of 80 sixth grade and 86 fifth grade students was tested using the Ross Test of Higher Cognitive Processes. The Ross Test was selected because of its stated purpose to judge the effectiveness of curricula or instructional methodology designed to teach the higher-order thinking skills of analysis, synthesis and evaluation as defined by Bloom. The test consisted of 105 items grouped into seven subsections. In addition, the students were surveyed using the Computer Attitude Questionnaire developed by the Texas Center for Educational Technology. The questionnaire assessed sixty-five questions combined to measure eight attitudes.

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8

Roomkham, Sirinthip. "Design a simulated multimedia enriched immersive learning environment (SMILE) for nursing care of dementia patient". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/94175/1/Sirinthip_Roomkham_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis is to establish a framework to guide the development of a simulated, multimedia-enriched, immersive, learning environment (SMILE) framework. This framework models essential media components used to describe a scenario applied in healthcare (in a dementia context), demonstrates interactions between the components, and enables scalability of simulation implementation. The thesis outcomes also include a simulation system developed in accordance with the guidance framework and a preliminary evaluation through a user study involving ten nursing students and practicioners. The results show that the proposed framework is feasible and effective for designing a simulation system in dementia healthcare training.

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9

Woodcock, Elizabeth Ann Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Effects of environmental enrichment on fundamental cognitive processes in rats and humans". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20488.

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This thesis examined whether it is possible to enhance core elements of the information processing system with specific forms of environmental stimulation. The first series of experiments demonstrated that a preweaning environmental enrichment procedure that provided 60 minutes of daily multisensory stimulation accelerated the development of long-term contextual memory and enhanced inhibitory processing in young rats. That is, whilst stimulated and non-stimulated rats exhibited long-term memory of a context at 26 days of age, only stimulated rats showed this ability at 18 days of age. In addition, stimulated rats showed a faster rate of extinction of long-term contextual memory at 21 days of age, which was taken as evidence of enhanced inhibitory learning (i.e., context ??? no US) in these rats. Subsequent experiments with adult rats demonstrated that a combination of preweaning multisensory stimulation and postweaning rearing in an enriched environment improved the (1) specificity of long-term contextual memory, (2) speed of contextual information processing, and (3) availability of attentional resources. More specifically, enriched-reared rats demonstrated superior ability to discriminate between two similar contexts in comparison to standard-reared rats. In addition, enriched-reared rats showed superior memory of a context when there was limited time available to form a memory of that context. This finding was taken to indicate that rats that receive environmental enrichment are able to process contextual information more rapidly. Finally, standard-, but not enriched-, reared rats showed less conditioning to a discrete stimulus when it was presented in combination with a stronger stimulus during training compared to when it was presented by itself. The finding that enriched-reared rats did not show this overshadowing effect suggests that these rats have greater availability of attentional resources to divide between two stimuli that are competing for attention. The experiments with rats were followed by two experiments with children that investigated the effects of a computerised cognitive training procedure on information-processing speed. These experiments demonstrated that 30-minutes per weekday of training in rapid decision-making for three to five weeks improved children???s performance on two tests of processing speed (i.e., a choice reaction time and odd-man-out task). In addition, the speeded training improved children???s ability to sustain their attention and inhibit impulsive responses on a continuous performance test (Test of Variables of Attention). The cognitive training procedure had no effect on children???s performance on a measure of fluid intelligence (Raven???s Standard Progressive Matrices). The results of the experiments reported in this thesis suggest that a number of fundamental cognitive processes can be modified by environmental conditions that place increasing demands on the information-processing system. A neurobiological model, focusing on myelin, axon diameter, and the glutamatergic, glucocorticoid, noradrenergic, and cholinergic systems, was proposed in order to explain the observed effects of environmental stimulation on cognition in children and rats. The rationale for attempting to enhance fundamental cognitive processes was that improving these processes should ultimately improve general intellectual functioning. With respect to this aim, the correlational data from the present experiments with children revealed promising trends towards greater improvements on the tests of fundamental cognitive processes in those children in the training group with slower processing speed at the start of the intervention. This finding suggests that cognitive training may be even more effective at enhancing processing speed and other fundamental cognitive processes in children with intellectual impairments???who reportedly have slower processing speed than normal children. However, the extent to which training-related improvements in fundamental cognitive processes generalise to improvements in general cognitive functioning is unclear. That is, there is insufficient evidence that processing speed and other fundamental cognitive processes are causally related to intelligence. It is therefore essential that future cognitive training research is mindful of related developments within the intelligence and information processing literature.

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10

Anderson, Kelly King. "Pretend Play at Home: Creating An Educationally Enriched Environment for Emergent Literacy Among Preschool-Aged Children". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd962.pdf.

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11

O'Connor, Angela May. "Environmental enrichment and the striatum: the influence of environment on inhibitory circuitry within the striatum of environmentally enriched animals and behavioural consequences". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13382.

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The nervous system is integral to the healthy and whole functioning of an organism, mediating interactions with and responses to an organism’s surroundings. Environmental enrichment (EE) provides stimuli above that usually experienced within the laboratory environment, and has been shown to greatly impact the nervous system. The maturation of inhibitory circuitry controls the level of neuroplasticity and functional maturity present within neural systems. This thesis investigates the effect of EE upon the development of inhibitory circuitry within the striatum. The striatum is the entry nucleus to the basal ganglia, and as such mediates various cognitive and sensorimotor behaviours. This thesis investigates the effect of EE upon striatally-mediated behaviours of both juvenile and adult animals. This thesis demonstrates that exposure to an enriched environment accelerates maturation of inhibitory circuitry within the striatum and increases the number of active inhibitory interneurons within the adult striatum; improves problem solving and goal-orientated learning; and influences animal behaviours within automated testing apparatus. This work sheds light on the mechanisms by which EE impacts an important nucleus within the brain, and has implications for potential treatments of neurological disorders. Determining the optimum environment for healthy brain development may also aid in early education and intervention programs targeted at young children.

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12

Lu, Soo Ai Theresa. "The effects of an enriched environment and teacher intervention on the dramatic and sociodramatic play of children". Thesis, Durham University, 2007. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2482/.

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This study examined the effects of an enriched environment and teacher intervention on the dramatic and sociodramatic play of four to five year old children in Singapore. Three groups, comprising one experimental group with an enriched play environment, another experimental group with an enriched play environment and teacher intervention, and a control group without any intervention, with a total of thirty-six children from three childcare centres, were observed in the classroom setting. The Smilansky Scale for Evaluation of Dramatic and Sociodramatic Play was used to evaluate and rate the six play elements of Imitative Role Play, Make-Believe with Objects, Make-Believe with Actions and Situations, Persistence in Role Play, Interaction and Verbal Communication, that occurred in the children's play sessions. Pre and post intervention data were analysed using paired t tests, analysis of variance, and chi-square to determine effects of the interventions. A qualitative perspective was included to provide additional information on the children's play. Overall, the results and analyses indicated increased play levels in the dramatic and sociodramatic play of the children in both experimental groups, and revealed more significant effects on the dramatic and sociodramatic play of children with the enriched play environment. Research has supported the influence of the enriched play environment (Petrakos and Howe, 1996), and the effects of the enriched play environment and teacher intervention (Smilansky, 1968) in children's play. The findings of this study serve to highlight the effects of the enriched environment and teacher intervention in enhancing the dramatic and sociodramatic play of children. The need to evaluate the role of teachers in children's play is also highlighted, with implications for teacher training programmes in the local context to emphasise the values and understanding of play in relation to learning experiences for children and the preschool curriculum.

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13

Yip, Wing-shun, e 葉榮信. "The difference between traditional learning environment and information enriched learning environment on the acquisition andtransfer of higher order thinking skills in a biological context". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31960595.

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14

Assis, Welton Ferreira de [UNESP]. "Efeitos da manutenção em ambiente enriquecido em aspectos cognitivos e nas proteínas AKT, RhoA e RhoE musculares de ratos diabéticos". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150223.

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O diabetes mellitus é um quadro patológico que traz diversas complicações como prejuízos metabólicos, endócrinos, cognitivos, sarcopenia, emagrecimento, hiperfagia e polidispia. Estudos prévios têm demonstrado que a manutenção de animais em ambiente enriquecido traz um conjunto de benefícios através dos estímulos que oferece, sendo a atividade física um desses estímulos. Apesar disso, poucos estudos investigaram os efeitos da manutenção de animais diabéticos em ambiente enriquecido. Desta forma, a presente dissertação teve por objetivos investigar os efeitos do diabetes na atividade física realizada no ambiente enriquecido e investigar os efeitos do ambiente enriquecido em parâmetros bioquímicos, morfométricos, cognitivos e nas proteínas AKT, RhoA e RhoE musculares. Para isso, na primeira etapa do desenho experimental, ratos wistar foram distribuídos em dois grupos: controle e diabetes. O diabetes foi induzido por estreptozotocina via intraperitonial (50 mg/kg) e os animais foram inseridos em gaiolas amplas contendo objetos coloridos e rodas de atividade com contador de giros. O rastreamento foi realizado pelo sistema para análises cinemáticas, Digital Video For Biomechanics - Windows 32 bits (DVIDEOW® ) e software Matlab® . Na segunda etapa do desenho experimental, os animais foram distribuídos nos seguintes grupos: controle, diabetes e diabetes gaiola enriquecida. O diabetes foi induzido por estreptozotocina via intraperitonial (50 mg/kg) e os animais foram mantidos em gaiolas padrão ou ambiente enriquecido. A massa corporal, ingestão hídrica e alimentar foram coletadas duas vezes por semana e a glicemia no início e final do experimento. Ao final do período experimental foi registrado o comprimento corporal e coletadas amostras do músculo gastrocnêmio para as análises da fosforilação da AKT e expressão de RhoA e RhoE. Para estas análises, foram utlizados o teste t ou Mann-Whitney para as análises entre dois grupos e análise de variância (ANOVA) two way, com posthoc de Bonferroni (significância de 5%) para as demais análises. O software SPSS® foi utilizado para as análises. O diabetes reduziu o acúmulo de atividade física no ambiente enriquecido. A manutenção no ambiente enriquecido amenizou o aumento da hiperglicemia e melhorou, parcialmente, o desempenho no labirinto aquático de Morris dos animais diabéticos. A redução na massa corporal, índice de Lee e o aumento na ingestão hídrica e alimentar nesses animais diabéticos não foram influenciados pelo ambiente enriquecido. Ainda, neste período de 6 semanas, não houve efeitos do diabetes ou do ambiente enriquecido na fosforilação da AKT e expressão das proteínas RhoA e RhoE. Pode ser concluído que a manutenção no ambiente enriquecido traz benefícios aos animais diabéticos, apesar deste realizar menos atividade física que animais controles.
Diabetes mellitus is a pathological condition that brings several complications such as metabolic, endocrine, cognitive loss, sarcopenia, weight loss, hyperphagia and polydipsia. Previous studies have shown that keeping animals in enriched environment brings a set of benefits through the stimuli it provides, and the physical activity is one of these stimuli. Despite this, few studies have investigated the effects of the maintenance of animals in diabetic enriched environment. The present dissertation aimed to investigate the effects of diabetes on physical activity performed in the enriched environment and to investigate the effects of enriched environment on biochemical parameters, morphometric, cognitive, and AKT, RhoA and RhoE proteins in the muscle. For this, in the first step of the experimental design, wistar rats were distributed into two groups: control and diabetes. Diabetes was induced streptozotocin via intraperitoneal (50 mg/kg) and the animals were placed in large cages, containing colored objects and the wheels of activity and a counter of revolutions. The tracking was carried out by the system for analysis, kinematics, Digital Video For Biomechanics - 32-bit Windows (DVIDEOW®) and Matlab® software. In the second step of the experimental design, the animals were distributed into the following groups: control, diabetic and diabetic - enriched cage. Diabetes was induced streptozotocin via intraperitoneal (50 mg/kg) and the animals were kept in cages of standard or enriched environment. The body mass, the intake of water and food were collected twice per week and the blood glucose at the beginning and end of the experiment. At the end of the experimental period was recorded and the length of the body and collected samples of the gastrocnemius muscle for the analysis of the phosphorylation of AKT and expression of RhoA and RhoE. For these analyses, were used the t test or the Mann-Whitney test for analyses between two groups and analysis of variance (ANOVA) two way, with posthoc Bonferroni (significance of 5%) for all other analyses. The software SPSS® was used for the analyses. Diabetes reduced the accumulation of physical activity in the enriched environment. The maintenance in the enriched environment slowdown the increase of hyperglycemia and improved, in part, the performance of the diabetic animals in the water maze of Morris. The reduction in the body mass, index of Lee and the increase in the intake of water and food of these diabetic animals were not influenced by the enriched environment. Still, in this period of 6 weeks, there were no effects of the diabetes or from the enriched environment in the phosphorylation of AKT and expression of the RhoA and RhoE proteins. It can be concluded that maintenance in enriched environment brings benefits to the animals and diabetic patients, although this perform less physical activity than control animals.

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15

Zarif, Peyvandi Hadi. "Modulation de la plasticité hippocampique par l’enrichissement de l’environnement : rôle des lymphocytes T". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4058.

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La plasticité cérébrale est une capacité remarquable des cellules du cerveau à adapter leur structure et fonction en réponse à l’expérience et l’environnement. Cette plasticité cérébrale est favorisée par des conditions de vie favorables qui peuvent être modélisées chez le rongeur par le modèle de l’Environnement Enrichi (EE). L’EE consiste à mettre un grand nombre de souris dans de grandes cages comprenant de nombreux objets (nids, tunnels, roues…) qui sont changés régulièrement. L’EE induit une activité physique volontaire accrue, des conditions optimales pour la stimulation des interactions sociales, du comportement exploratoire et des fonctions cognitives. L’EE exerce des effets bénéfiques sur les processus physiologiques au niveau de nombreux systèmes (hormonal, cardiovasculaire, immunitaire…). L’EE réduit les comportements anxio-dépressifs, améliore l'apprentissage et la mémorisation. Ces effets sont sous-tendus par des changements au niveau du cerveau et en particulier de l’hippocampe, où l’on observe en EE plus de neurogenèse et synaptogenèse. De manière intéressante, chez les souris immunodéficientes, les performances mnésiques et la neurogenèse sont très altérées, suggérant une interaction bidirectionnelle entre le système immunitaire et le cerveau. Parmi les cellules du système immunitaire, les lymphocytes T (LT) semblent jouer un rôle particulièrement important dans les mécanismes de plasticité neuronale. Notre objectif a été de caractériser le rôle des LT dans les effets de l’EE sur la plasticité cérébrale et de chercher si ces effets impliquent une modification des LT par l’EE
Cerebral plasticity is a remarkable ability of brain cells to adapt their structure and function in response to experience and the environment. This cerebral plasticity is enhanced by favorable living conditions that can be modeled in the rodent by the Enriched Environment (EE) model. The EE consists in large number of mice in large cages including numerous objects (nests, tunnels, wheels ...) which are changed frequently. EE induces increased voluntary physical activity, optimal conditions for stimulation of social interactions, exploratory behavior and cognitive functions. EE has beneficial effects on physiological processes in many systems (hormonal, cardiovascular, immune system...). EE reduces anxio-depressive behavior, improves learning and memory. These effects are underpinned by changes in the brain and particularly in the hippocampus, where EE induce more neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Interestingly, in immunodeficient mice, memory performance and neurogenesis are highly impaired, suggesting a bidirectional interaction between the immune system and the brain. Among the cells of the immune system, T cells appear to play a major role in neuronal plasticity mechanisms. Our objective was to characterize the role of T cells in EE’s effects on cerebral plasticity and to investigate whether these effects imply a modification of T cells by EE

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16

Yip, Wing-shun. "The difference between traditional learning environment and information enriched learning environment on the acquisition and transfer of higher order thinking skills in a biological context". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20057441.

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17

Obrist, Eigenmann Gabriella. "An ethological analysis of the behaviour of adult male mice (Mus Musculus L.) reared in an enriched environment /". Bern : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.stub.unibe.ch/html/haupt/datenbanken/diss/bestell.html.

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18

Fordell, Helena. "Virtual Reality for Enriched Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients with Spatial Neglect : Diagnostics and the Rehabilitation Effect on Spatial Attention and Neuronal Activity". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-141920.

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Background: Approximately a third of all stroke patients develop spatial neglect, a debilitating symptom associated with poor outcome. Spatial neglect is clinically defined as a deficit in processing and responding to stimuli presented on the contralesional side of the body, or the space surrounding that side of the body. The heterogenetic, multi-sensory nature of the symptoms renders it difficult to diagnose and treat; therefor effective methods for screening and intervention for neglect are needed. Virtual reality (VR) is a method of brain–computer interaction that involves realtime simulation of an environment, scenario or activity that allows for user interaction and targets multiple senses. We hypothesize that VR can facilitate identification of spatial neglect in stroke patients and that training with this interface will improve patient’s functional outcome, through stimulation to neuronal networks including those controlling attention. Objective: The objective was to construct and validate a computerized test battery for spatial neglect and to investigate its usability in stroke patients. Also to design and develop a VR rehabilitation method for spatial neglect and to evaluate its effects on spatial attention and on neuronal activity in the brain. Method: We designed, developed and evaluated a new concept for assessment (VR-DiSTRO®) and training (RehAtt®) of spatial attention, using VR technology. The hardware consisted of a PC, monitor, 3D-glasses and a force feedback device to control the tasks (i.e., a robotic pen). The software enabled targets to be moved, rotated and manipulated in the 3D environment using the robotic pen. RehAtt® made it possible to combine intense visual scanning training, multi-sensory stimulation (i.e., audio, visual, tactile) and sensory-motor activation of the contralesional arm. In a first study on 31 stroke patients we performed a construct validation of VR-DiSTRO® against Rivermead Behavioural Test Battery (BIT) and investigated the usability. In a second study, 15 subjects with chronic spatial neglect (symptoms >6 month) had self-training, 3 x 1 hour for 5 weeks using RehAtt®. Outcome were measured by changes in neglect tests and in Cathrine Bergego Scale (CBS). Training-related changes in neuronal activity of the brain was studied using fMRI during task and in resting state. Results: VR-DiSTRO® correctly identified all patients with neglect. The sensitivity was 100% and the specificity 82% for VR-DiSTRO® compared to BIT. Usability was high and no side-effects were noted. Using repeated measurement analysis, improvements due to the RehAtt® intervention were found for Baking tray task (p < 0.001), Star cancellation test (p = 0.006) and Extinction test (p = 0.05). Improvements were also seen in the Posner task as fewer missed targets (p = 0.024). Improvement in activities of daily living (CBS) was shown immediately after training (p < 0.01) and patients still reported improvement at 6 months follow-up. Trainingrelated changes in neuronal activity were seen as an increased task-evoked brain activity in prefrontal and temporal cortex, mainly outside the attention network but in related cortical areas. During resting state, changes in network connectivity were seen after intervention with RehAtt® in the Dorsal Attention Network (DAN) and interhemispheric connectivity. Conclusion: VR-DiSTRO® identified visuospatial neglect in stroke patients quickly and with a high accuracy. RehAtt® training improved in spatial attention in chronic neglect with transfer to functions in daily living. Increased neuronal brain activity was found in and between attention networks and related brain structures. This could represent a compensatory effect in addition to sign of a restorative effect from the RehAtt training. The results obtained in this study are promising, encourage further development of the methods and merit for further studies.

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19

Nicolas, Sarah. "Mise en évidence du potentiel thérapeutique de l’adiponectine et de son rôle dans les effets antidépresseurs de l’environnement enrichi". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4019/document.

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La dépression est une pathologie multifactorielle induisant des troubles psychiques et physiques. De nouvelles thérapies visant à enrichir l’environnement des patients par des activités physiques, sociales et cognitives aident à la rémission en complément des traitements pharmacologiques. Cependant les bases moléculaires sous-jacentes aux bénéfices observés dans ces thérapies sont méconnues. C’est dans ce contexte que nous avons étudié les effets de ces thérapies via la mise en place d’un modèle murin d’environnement enrichi (EE). L’objectif de ma thèse a été d’évaluer les effets antidépresseurs de l’EE sur un modèle murin de dépression et d’identifier une nouvelle cible thérapeutique. J’ai montré que l’administration chronique de corticostérone induit un état dépressif et une neuroinflammation qui peuvent être réversés par l’EE. De plus, mes travaux ont mis en évidence, l'adiponectine (ApN), comme étant un acteur clef des effets de l'EE. J’ai montré que l’EE via l’ApN était capable de limiter la neuroinflammation. Par ailleurs, la caractérisation de souris n’exprimant pas l’ApN a montré que ces souris étaient insensibles en partie aux effets de l’EE. Par la suite, je me suis intéressée à la voie de signalisation de l’ApN impliquée dans ses effets anti-inflammatoires, j’ai montré que l’ApN inhibe l’activation de la microglie en se liant à son récepteur AdipoR1. Enfin, j’ai testé l’effet de l’AdipoRon, un agoniste des récepteurs de l’adiponectine, sur des souris traitées par la corticostérone. J’ai montré que l’AdipoRon réduisait l’état « dépressif » de ces souris. Mon travaille suggère que les effets antidépresseurs de l’AdipoRon sont dus à sa pléiotropie car il agit simultanément sur différents systèmes altérés dans la dépression dont la neurogenèse hippocampique, la neurotransmission sérotoninergique et la neuroinflammation. Pour conclure ce travail met en avant les effets bénéfiques de l’EE sur la dépression et la neuroinflammation. De plus, ils identifient l’ApN et sa voie de signalisation comme de nouvelles cibles prometteuses dans le traitement de la dépression
Major depression is a complex disorder characterized by behavioral and cognitive impairments triggered by various factors including genetic predispositions, stress and environment. The pathophysiology of depression is poorly understood. Numerous evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is associated with depression. Alternative therapeutic strategies are needed and "positive" life experiences could be an efficient way to help the remission of the disorder. To study the potential antidepressant effects of such “positive” living conditions, we used the enriched environment (EE) paradigm on mice. The aim of our work was to fully characterize the antidepressant and anti-inflammatory effects of EE in a well-characterized murine model of depression-like behavior induced by long-term administration of corticosterone. We showed that EE efficiently reverses the anxiety/depression‐like state of mice and reduces neuroinflammation. Moreover, we identified the adipokine Adiponectin as a key player in the beneficial effects of EE. We reported that increased levels of Adiponectin in the brain led to microglia phenotype and activation state regulation, thus reducing global brain inflammation in mice. Indeed, the anti-inflammatory and antidepressants effects of EE are abolished in Adiponectin deficient mice. We demonstrated that anti-inflammatory actions of Adiponectin on microglia is mediated through the Adiponectin Receptor 1. Those results highlight the key role of the adiponergic system in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Therefore, we tested the effect of AdipoRon, a potent Adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 agonist on corticosterone-treated mice. AdipoRon successfully reversed the corticosterone-induced depression-like state in mice. AdipoRon exerted its pleiotropic actions on various systems including hippocampal neurogenesis, serotonergic neurotransmission and neuroinflammation, which can explain its antidepressant properties. Together, our findings bring insight into the beneficial effects of "positive" life experiences in depression and neuroinflammation, highlight the pivotal role of Adiponectin pathway and emphasizes that AdipoRon or other Adiponectin receptor agonist may constitute a promising novel antidepressant

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20

Thomas, Rebecca Lynne. "The influence of a poetry-enriched environment on the poetry preferences and responses of sixth-grade children : a librarian-teacher collaboration /". The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487265555438211.

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21

Nicolas, Sarah. "Mise en évidence du potentiel thérapeutique de l’adiponectine et de son rôle dans les effets antidépresseurs de l’environnement enrichi". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2018AZUR4019.

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Abstract (sommario):

La dépression est une pathologie multifactorielle induisant des troubles psychiques et physiques. De nouvelles thérapies visant à enrichir l’environnement des patients par des activités physiques, sociales et cognitives aident à la rémission en complément des traitements pharmacologiques. Cependant les bases moléculaires sous-jacentes aux bénéfices observés dans ces thérapies sont méconnues. C’est dans ce contexte que nous avons étudié les effets de ces thérapies via la mise en place d’un modèle murin d’environnement enrichi (EE). L’objectif de ma thèse a été d’évaluer les effets antidépresseurs de l’EE sur un modèle murin de dépression et d’identifier une nouvelle cible thérapeutique. J’ai montré que l’administration chronique de corticostérone induit un état dépressif et une neuroinflammation qui peuvent être réversés par l’EE. De plus, mes travaux ont mis en évidence, l'adiponectine (ApN), comme étant un acteur clef des effets de l'EE. J’ai montré que l’EE via l’ApN était capable de limiter la neuroinflammation. Par ailleurs, la caractérisation de souris n’exprimant pas l’ApN a montré que ces souris étaient insensibles en partie aux effets de l’EE. Par la suite, je me suis intéressée à la voie de signalisation de l’ApN impliquée dans ses effets anti-inflammatoires, j’ai montré que l’ApN inhibe l’activation de la microglie en se liant à son récepteur AdipoR1. Enfin, j’ai testé l’effet de l’AdipoRon, un agoniste des récepteurs de l’adiponectine, sur des souris traitées par la corticostérone. J’ai montré que l’AdipoRon réduisait l’état « dépressif » de ces souris. Mon travaille suggère que les effets antidépresseurs de l’AdipoRon sont dus à sa pléiotropie car il agit simultanément sur différents systèmes altérés dans la dépression dont la neurogenèse hippocampique, la neurotransmission sérotoninergique et la neuroinflammation. Pour conclure ce travail met en avant les effets bénéfiques de l’EE sur la dépression et la neuroinflammation. De plus, ils identifient l’ApN et sa voie de signalisation comme de nouvelles cibles prometteuses dans le traitement de la dépression
Major depression is a complex disorder characterized by behavioral and cognitive impairments triggered by various factors including genetic predispositions, stress and environment. The pathophysiology of depression is poorly understood. Numerous evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is associated with depression. Alternative therapeutic strategies are needed and "positive" life experiences could be an efficient way to help the remission of the disorder. To study the potential antidepressant effects of such “positive” living conditions, we used the enriched environment (EE) paradigm on mice. The aim of our work was to fully characterize the antidepressant and anti-inflammatory effects of EE in a well-characterized murine model of depression-like behavior induced by long-term administration of corticosterone. We showed that EE efficiently reverses the anxiety/depression‐like state of mice and reduces neuroinflammation. Moreover, we identified the adipokine Adiponectin as a key player in the beneficial effects of EE. We reported that increased levels of Adiponectin in the brain led to microglia phenotype and activation state regulation, thus reducing global brain inflammation in mice. Indeed, the anti-inflammatory and antidepressants effects of EE are abolished in Adiponectin deficient mice. We demonstrated that anti-inflammatory actions of Adiponectin on microglia is mediated through the Adiponectin Receptor 1. Those results highlight the key role of the adiponergic system in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Therefore, we tested the effect of AdipoRon, a potent Adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 agonist on corticosterone-treated mice. AdipoRon successfully reversed the corticosterone-induced depression-like state in mice. AdipoRon exerted its pleiotropic actions on various systems including hippocampal neurogenesis, serotonergic neurotransmission and neuroinflammation, which can explain its antidepressant properties. Together, our findings bring insight into the beneficial effects of "positive" life experiences in depression and neuroinflammation, highlight the pivotal role of Adiponectin pathway and emphasizes that AdipoRon or other Adiponectin receptor agonist may constitute a promising novel antidepressant

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22

D’Souza, Sarah. "Investigation of a communication enhanced environment model after stroke: A mixed methods before-and-after pilot study". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2021. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2482.

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Background: Aphasia is an acquired communication disorder that affects approximately 30% of first ever stroke survivors and persists one-year post-stroke in up to 61% of survivors. Aphasia impacts on all communication modalities with significant negative consequences for social participation, interpersonal relationships, autonomy, capacity to work and quality of life. It is recognised that the environment can influence neural remapping during early stroke recovery. However, patients with aphasia (PWA) following stroke have been observed to spend less than 30% of their day communicating and 44% of their day alone during their first weeks of in-patient rehabilitation. Inadequate opportunities for communication places PWA at risk of developing maladaptive behaviours such as learnt non-use of language. This can negatively impact on aphasia language recovery through lack of language use with adverse consequences for healthrelated quality of life. An enriched environment (EE) refers to conditions which promote physical, cognitive and social activity and has been shown in animal models of stroke to enhance neuroplasticity, promote better learning and memory, and contribute to significant improvements in motor function. The human equivalent model in an acute and a rehabilitation unit results in patients following stroke spending more time engaged in activity and less time sleeping and alone, however is yet to demonstrate positive effects on clinical outcomes. Aphasia is a complex language impairment and PWA may need support within an EE. This pilot study explores the development, implementation and investigation of an adapted model of an EE, a Communication Enhanced Environment (CEE) model, as a strategy to provide PWA and patients without aphasia (PWOA) greater opportunities to engage in language activities during in-patient rehabilitation early after stroke. Method: This before-and-after mixed methods pilot study involves one mixed acute and slow stream rehabilitation ward and one rehabilitation ward in a metropolitan private hospital in Perth, Western Australia. A hospital-based CEE model was developed, implemented and investigated. As a basis for implementation of an individual and systems-level behavioural change intervention, the study design aligned with implementation science principles. The study included: i. the before phase which involved observation of patients following stroke (the control group; n=7; PWA=3, PWOA=4). Behavioural mapping was completed during the first minute of each five-minute interval over 12 hours (between 7am and 7pm) to determine patient engagement in language activities. Semi-structured interviews which incorporated a qualitative description approach were conducted with patients (n=7) to determine factors that were perceived to facilitate or create a barrier for communication. A qualitative description approach was also used throughout focus groups that were conducted with hospital staff and volunteers (n=51) to explore their perceptions of: their knowledge of, skills with, and attitude towards aphasia and communication; opportunities for potentially enhancing communication and language activities for patients; and additional aspects that could be included in the CEE model. ii. the implementation phase where the CEE model was developed and embedded in usual care. iii. the after phase which involved repeated data collection with a different cohort of patients (the intervention group; n=7; PWA=4, PWOA=3). The availability of the CEE model was monitored by hospital site investigators (a senior physiotherapist and a speech pathologist). Comparisons of patient engagement in language activity levels were conducted. Patient interviews (n=7) and staff and volunteer focus groups (n=22) were conducted. This was to determine differences following the implementation of the CEE model in: patient experiences of communication; hospital staff knowledge of, skills with, and attitudes towards aphasia and communication; and staff experiences of the implementation and use of the CEE model. Results: A total of 29 of the 41 (71%) CEE model initiatives were reported to be available to the intervention group. A total of 24 of the 29 (83%) CEE model initiatives were reported to be available for PWA. A total of 5 of the 12 (42%) CEE model initiatives were reported to be available for PWOA. The intervention group engaged in higher, but not significant (CI 95%), levels of language activities (600 of 816 observation time points, 73%) than the control group (551 of 835 observation time points, 66%). Patients described variable experiences accessing different elements of the CEE model, which were influenced by individual patient factors, staff factors, hospital features as well as staff time pressures. Patients who were able to access elements of the CEE model described positive opportunities for their engagement in language activities. Staff perceived the CEE model increased their knowledge of aphasia and developed their skills and confidence in using communication supportive strategies. After the implementation of the CEE model, staff reported embedding communication within usual care tasks and rehabilitation activities, and perceived communication as a shared responsibility within the multidisciplinary team. There were several unforeseen factors that occurred which may have influenced the implementation and use of the CEE model including: a reduction in stroke admissions at the hospital site; a reduction in nurse-to-patient ratio; a ward reconfiguration; and reduced access to communal dining opportunities. Staff identified a range of factors which influenced the implementation and use of the CEE model. These included: the hospital context; and individual staff, volunteer and patient characteristics; the ease of use for both staff and patients and the implementation approach. Conclusions: Consideration of implementation science approaches in this pilot study informed the development of a CEE model. This individual and service-level multidisciplinary team intervention was successfully implemented in clinical practice in a mixed acute and slow stream rehabilitation ward and a rehabilitation ward in a private hospital. This study demonstrated that the implementation of a CEE model within this hospital setting was feasible, with patients, staff and volunteers reacting positively to the CEE model overall. The unforeseen contextual challenges that occurred during the study period were beyond the control of the research team and demonstrated the everchanging and challenging nature of the hospital environment. The reduced availability of the CEE model for PWOA requires further attention to determine if the elements of the CEE model could be better applied to meet the needs of this population. Differences between levels of patient language activity before-and-after the implementation of the CEE model did not reach statistical significance. However, some individual increases taken together with the positive feedback suggest that a CEE model has value in enhancing the ward environment for staff and volunteers, the hospital system, and patients following stroke. This study highlights the complex and dynamic nature of the hospital environment which should be considered in future studies investigating individual and hospital service-level interventions such as EE or CEE models. Staff perceptions of factors contributing to the implementation and use of the CEE model provide valuable insights which may inform the implementation approach of future innovative interventions and subsequent development of the CEE model. Results from this study highlight the need to further explore the question of feasibility of a CEE model and patient access to the intervention across multiple ward contexts before we can explore the question of effectiveness. Future iterations of a CEE model should co-designed with patients and their family members.

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Nader, Joëlle. "Nouvelles stratégies pour prévenir les effets néfastes des psychostimulants : l'exposition à l'environnement enrichi et la stimulation du système cannabinoïde endogène". Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2291/document.

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L'étude de l'impact des facteurs environnementaux sur les effets à long-terme des psychostimulants a montré que des facteurs négatifs, comme le stress, augmentent le risque de développer une addiction, alors que des facteurs positifs, comme l'exposition à des conditions stimulantes, le réduisent. Une partie de cette thèse a consisté à rechercher les mécanismes neurobiologiques et cellulaires qui sous-tendent cette influence environnementale. Ainsi, l'exposition d'animaux à un environnement enrichi (EE), qui procure des conditions stimulantes, diminue leur niveau d'anxiété, un effet qui serait en partie lié à la régulation de gènes appartenant au système cannabinoïde endogène (SCE) dans des régions impliquées dans la réactivité au stress (article 1). Par ailleurs, nos travaux ont mis en évidence des limites de l'exposition à l'EE : quand celle-ci est interrompue, ses effets bénéfiques sont perdus et la vulnérabilité à la cocaïne est même augmentée. Ceci s'expliquerait par l'apparition d'un état émotionnel négatif, associé à une activation du facteur CREB dans l'amygdale étendue, une région carrefour entre la récompense et le stress (article 2). Nous nous sommes aussi intéressés à la toxicité de la méthamphétamine et à sa modulation par le SCE, pour lequel des propriétés neuroprotectives avaient déjà été suggérées. Ainsi, une stimulation pharmacologique du SCE permet de prévenir la neurotoxicité dopaminergique induite par la méthamphétamine (article 3). Nos résultats soulignent la complexité d'utilisation des manipulations environnementales et mettent en lumière les capacités protectives du SCE contre la dépendance et la neurotoxicité engendrées par les psychostimulants
Studies of the impact of environmental factors on the long-term effects of psychostimulants have shown that negative factors, such as stress, increase the risk of developing drug addiction, while positive factors, such as exposure to stimulating conditions, reduce it. The first aim of this thesis work was to look for the neurobiological and cellular mechanisms that underlie this environmental influence. We found that exposure of animals to stimulating enriched environments (EE) reduces anxiety levels, an effect that may be partly related to the regulation of genes belonging to the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) in regions involved in stress reactivity (Article 1). In addition, our work has highlighted some limitations of the exposure to EE since discontinuation of enrichment results not only in the loss of its beneficial effects but also in increased vulnerability to cocaine. This effect is associated with emotional distress associated and changes in the activity of the transcription factor CREB in the extended amygdala, an interface region between reward and stress processes (Article 2). We also investigated whether ECS, for which neuroprotective properties have already been suggested, could reduce the brain toxicity induced by methamphetamine. We found that pharmacological stimulation of ECS provides protection against the methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity (Article 3). Our results highlight the complex consequences of environmental conditions on brain and behavior and highlight the protective role of ECS against both addiction and neurotoxicity induced by psychostimulants

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Lafragette, Audrey. "Recherche des mécanismes impliqués dans la modulation de la vulnérabilité à la cocaïne par les conditions environnementales". Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2291/document.

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Une influence des conditions de vie sur le phénomène de dépendance a été observée chez l'Homme et modélisée chez l'animal. Ainsi chez les rongeurs, l'exposition à un environnement enrichi (EE) réduit le risque d'addiction, alors qu'un stress l'augmente. Les mécanismes responsables de ces influences environnementales sur la dépendance ont été l'objet de mes recherches. D'une part, nous avons montré que des injections chroniques de cocaïne augmentent l'expression du facteur de transcription ΔFosB dans les cellules striatales exprimant le récepteur dopaminergique D1R (D1R+), alors que l'EE seul l'augmente spécifiquement dans les cellules D1R(-). De façon intéressante, ces effets sont abolis lorsque la cocaïne est administrée à des souris exposées à l'EE. Ces résultats suggèrent que la prévention de la sensibilisation comportementale par l'EE corrèle avec une accumulation modifiée de ΔFosB. D'autre part, le laboratoire avait montré que le passage d'un EE à un environnement standard augmentait la vulnérabilité à la cocaïne. Toujours dans le but de découvrir les mécanismes impliqués, nous nous sommes intéressés au système endocannabinoïde (ECS), un régulateur du stress et aux processus épigénétiques. Nous avons observé que ce switch environnemental modulait l'expression de différents acteurs de l'ECS, en particulier le récepteur CB1 dans l'amygdale, et aussi celle de la protéine régulatrice de la transcription MeCP2 (Methyl CpG-binding-Protein-2) dans le noyau accumbens. Dans son ensemble, ce travail a permis d'identifier des mécanismes moléculaires, régulés par différentes manipulations environnementales, et pouvant participer à la vulnérabilité aux drogues d'abus
Influences of life conditions on the phenomenon of addiction has been observed in Human and modeled in animals. Indeed, in rodents, exposure to enriched environment (EE) reduces the risk of addiction, whereas stress increases it. The mechanisms responsible for these environmental influences on addiction have been the object of my thesis. On one hand, we have shown that chronic injections of cocaine increase the expression of the transcription factor ΔFosB in striatal cells expressing the dopaminergic receptor D1 (D1R(+) cells) whereas EE by itself increases it specifically in D1R(-) cells. Interestingly, these effects were abolished when cocaine is administrated to mice exposed to EE. These results suggest that the prevention of the behavioral sensitization induced by EE correlates with a modified accumulation of ΔFosB. On the other hand, our laboratory has shown that switching mice from EE to a standard environment increases the vulnerability to cocaine. In order to uncover the mechanisms underlying this potentiation, we studied the endocannabinoid system, involved in stress regulation and in epigenetic processes. We have observed that the environmental switch modulates the expression of different actors of the endocannabinoid system, especially the CB1 receptor in the amygdala, and of MeCP2 (Methyl CpG-binding-Protein-2), a protein involved in the control of transcription in the nucleus accumbens. Altogether, this work allowed us to highlight molecular mechanisms that are regulated by environmental manipulations and that could participate to the individual vulnerability to drugs of abuse

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Bartoletti, Alessandro. "Environmental enrichment prevents the effects of dark rearing and shortens the critical period for monocular deprivation in the rat visual cortex". Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85972.

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Gomadam, Karthik Rajagopal. "Semantics Enriched Service Environments". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1251246445.

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27

Greifzu, Franziska [Verfasser], Siegrid [Akademischer Betreuer] Löwel, Andrea [Akademischer Betreuer] Antal e Fred [Akademischer Betreuer] Wolf. "Impact of stroke and enriched environment on visual cortical plasticity in mice and therapeutic interventions for rehabilitation / Franziska Greifzu. Gutachter: Siegrid Löwel ; Andrea Antal ; Fred Wolf. Betreuer: Siegrid Löwel". Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1047706938/34.

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Dourado, Solano Savio Figueiredo. "Efeito do enriquecimento ambiental, associado ou não a atividade física, nas funções nociceptiva, ambulação e controle motor em modelo animal de dor crônica muscular difusa". Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2015. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4006.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Fibromyalgia is a complex syndrome with unknown etiology, characterized by the presence of chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain, having the reduction of the physical/ functional performance as a major comorbidity. Pharmacological treatment of fibromyalgia presents limited effectiveness, making it important to use non-pharmacological therapies, such as physical activity, cognitive behavioral therapy and distracting techniques. The qualification of the environment and the AF has been associated with the treatment of conditions that increase the peripheral and central nociceptive activity. This study proposes the investigation of environmental enrichment (EE), a technique based on physical, sensory and cognitive stimulation, and physical activity (PA) as strategies for fibromyalgia prevention. To this end, 24 male Wistar rats were divided into five intervention groups: 1) EE, 2) PA, 3) EE + PA and 4) control, where they were maintained for 4 weeks. After this time, was diffuse chronic muscle pain induced by two injections of acidic saline in the left gastrocnemius muscle. We evaluated the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (von Frey electronic), temperature threshold (Hot Plate), neuromuscular activity (Rod Route), ambulation (number of quadrants) through the Open Field in six stages: basal after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks and 24 hours after induction of diffuse chronic pain model. The animals kept with environmental enrichment and physical activity (EE + PF) showed a significant increase in mechanical and thermal thresholds after the third (P<0.001) and second (P<0002) weeks, respectively, when compared to the other groups. This increase remained at the post-induction assessment, while the other groups showed a significant decrease (P<0.01), suggesting the development of hyperalgesia. In the engine testing, EA + FA group showed a significant increase in neuromuscular activity from the first week compared to the other groups (P<0.01), keeping the increase even after induction, while in the other groups there was a significant decrease in performance (P<0.01), whereas in other groups, there was a significant reduction in weight gain (P<0.01). In the Open Field, a significant increase in the total ambulation in AE + AF group from the 1st week (P<0.01) compared to the other groups. These results suggest an association between environmental enrichment and physical activity as a preventive strategy for chronic musculoskeletal pain and optimization of motor control in a model of diffuse chronic muscle pain.
A fibromialgia é uma síndrome complexa, com etiologia indefinida, caracterizada pela presença de dor musculoesquelética crônica generalizada, tendo, como uma das principais comorbidades, a redução do desempenho físico/funcional. O tratamento farmacológico da fibromialgia apresenta efetividade limitada, tornando importante a utilização de terapias não farmacológicas, destacando-se a atividade física (AF), terapia cognitivo-comportamental e técnicas distratoras. A qualificação do ambiente e a AF tem sido associadas ao tratamento de doenças que aumentam a atividade nociceptiva periférica e central. Assim, o presente estudo propõe a investigação do enriquecimento ambiental (EA), técnica baseada em estimulação física, sensorial e cognitiva, e indução à atividade física (AF) voluntária como recursos para prevenção da fibromialgia em um modelo experimental. Para isso, 24 ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em quatro grupos: (1) EA, (2) AF, (3) EA + AF e (4) controle, mantidos nesses protocolos por 4 semanas. Após este período, foi induzida dor muscular crônica difusa através de dupla injeção de salina ácida no músculo gastrocnêmio esquerdo. Foram avaliados o limiar mecânico de retirada da pata (von Frey eletrônico), limiar térmico (Hot Plate), atividade neuromuscular (Rota Rod), ambulação (nº de quadrantes) através do Campo Aberto, em seis momentos: basal, após a 1ª, 2ª, 3ª e 4ª semanas e 24 horas após indução do modelo de dor crônica difusa. Os animais mantidos com enriquecimento ambiental e atividade física (EA+AF) apresentaram aumento significativo do limiar mecânico e da latência térmica a partir da terceira (P<0,001) e segunda (P<0,002) semanas, respectivamente, quando comparado aos outros grupos. Esse aumento se manteve no momento pós-indução, enquanto nos outros grupos houve uma redução significativa (P<0,02), sugerindo o desenvolvimento de hiperalgesia. Já no teste motor, o grupo AE+AF apresentou aumento significativo na atividade neuromuscular a partir da primeira semana quando comparado aos outros grupos (P<0,01), mantendo esse aumento mesmo após a indução, enquanto nos outros grupos houve uma redução significativa (P<0,02). No Campo Aberto, houve aumento significativo na ambulação total no grupo AE+AF a partir da 1ª semana (P<0,01) em comparação aos demais grupos. Esses resultados sugerem a associação entre o enriquecimento ambiental e a atividade física como uma estratégia preventiva da dor musculoesquelética crônica e otimização do controle motor em um modelo de dor crônica muscular difusa.

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Martins, Barbara Milan. "Ambiente educacional enriquecido: estudo da aplicação de oficinas de construção de brinquedos em centro de ciência". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-07022013-150415/.

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Está estabelecido na literatura de neurociência que ocorrem transformações no encéfalo de animais, devido à neuroplasticidade; estas podem ser potencializadas de acordo com os ambientes nos quais o indivíduo interage, assim como o tipo de interação estabelecida por este. Na literatura, a aplicação do conceito de ambiente enriquecido para a prática experimental mostra resultados favoráveis e significativos na aprendizagem e desenvolvimento de animais. Neste estudo, buscou-se ampliar o conceito de ambiente enriquecido para o ambiente educacional de um centro de ciência. Investigar a interação de alunos do 5º ano da rede pública de ensino, em ambiente educacional de oficinas de construção de brinquedos oferecidas, no Centro de ciência Sabina: Escola Parque do Conhecimento (Santo André, SP), e possíveis aproximações com o conceito de ambiente educacional enriquecido, proposto neste estudo, constitui o objeto deste trabalho. Nesta investigação buscou-se destacar os componentes ambientais que influem no desempenho e na interação dos alunos durante as oficinas. A investigação, de natureza qualitativa, foi inspirada na metodologia de Estudo de Caso do tipo Etnográfico Aplicado à Educação, que indica a imersão do pesquisador no campo investigado para apreensão de relações e significados dos sujeitos, apenas realizada após longa permanência do pesquisador em campo. Foram utilizados como instrumentos entrevistas, gravação em áudio e em vídeo e adotado o diário de campo para registro das observações. Os dados mostraram incorporação de elementos conceituais de fenômenos observados durante a execução das oficinas, assim como busca ativa de explicação para compreensão desses fenômenos físicos identificados durante a interação dos alunos com os brinquedos. Por meio deste estudo, identificou-se a necessidade de considerar os ambientes educacionais em perspectiva integral, em seus componentes físico-estruturais e humanos. Em ambiente educacional, as aquisições por parte dos alunos não se restringem ao ensino e aprendizagem de conteúdos, mas também se realizam na mudança de atitudes e crenças, compreensão de fenômenos e aspectos do cotidiano, entendimento estético, identidade etc. Foi observado que alunos rotulados no ambiente escolar como aluno com distúrbios; com dificuldades de aprendizagem e ou comprometimento, no ambiente das oficinas de construção de brinquedos apresentaram desempenho e envolvimento tão bom ou melhor quanto os dos alunos considerados normais. O estudo destacou o papel do mediador e do professor como essencial na atividade, como parte dos elementos enriquecedores do ambiente de aprendizagem, em que sua expectativa em relação ao desempenho dos alunos, sua concepção de ensino e de aprendizagem e orientações oferecidas aos alunos influem significativamente no ambiente, condução da atividade e desempenho dos alunos. Desta forma, observamos que o ambiente de construção de brinquedos possui elementos que propiciam a aprendizagem, a interação e desenvolvimento dos alunos
It is well established in the literature of Neuroscience that transformations occur in the brain of animals due to neuroplasticity, these can be potentiated according to the environments in which the individual interacts, as well as the type and quality of interaction established by the individual. In the literature, the application of the concept of enriched environment for the experimental practice shows favorable and significant results in learning and development of animals. In this study, we sought to extend the concept of an enriched environment for the educational environment of a science center. To investigate the interaction of students in the 5th year of public school in the educational environment of workshops to build toys that are offered at the Centro de Ciência Sabina: Escola Parque do Conhecimento (Santo André, SP), and possible approaches to the concept of enriched educational environment, proposed in this study are the objective of this research. In this study we sought to investigate the environmental components that influence the performance and interaction of students during the workshops. The research, qualitative in nature, was inspired by the methodology of case study Ethnographic Applied to Education type which indicates the immersion of the researcher in the investigated field for seizure of relationships and meanings of the subjects performed only after long enough residence of the researcher in the field. Interviews, audio and video recording were used as instruments along with the field diary to record observations. The data showed incorporation of elements of the conceptual phenomena worked during the workshops, as well as an active search for an explanation for understanding these identified physical phenomena during the students\' interaction with the proposed toys. Through this study, we identified the need to consider the educational environments in a comprehensive perspective on their physical-structural and human components. In the educational environment, acquisitions of knowledge by students are not restricted to teaching and learning contents, but also take place by changing attitudes and beliefs, understanding of the phenomena and aspects of everyday life, aesthetic understanding, identity, etc. It was also observed that students labeled at school as a student with learning problems, in the environment of the workshops to build toys showed involvement and performance as good or better as the students originally considered normal. The study highlighted the role of the mediators and the teacher as essential in the activity as part of the elements enriching the learning environment, in which their expectations regarding the performance of the students, their conception of teaching and learning and guidance offered to pupils significantly affect the environment, conducting the activity and performance of students. Thus, we observed that the environment of building toys might have physical and human elements to promote learning and students interaction and so it might be considered as enriched environment

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30

Camp?lo, Clarissa Loureiro das Chagas. "Efeitos da estimula??o ambiental sobre os aspectos motores, cognitivos e neuronais em um modelo farmacol?gico progressivo da doen?a de Parkinson". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17346.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
A doen?a de Parkinson (DP) ? uma doen?a cr?nica e progressiva que acomete principalmente os neur?nios dopamin?rgicos da subst?ncia negra parte compacta (SNpc) e ? caracterizada pela presen?a de sintomas motores , altera??es cognitivas e depress?o. Estudos com modelos animais da DP permitem ampliar o conhecimento dos mecanismos neuropatol?gicos e bioqu?micos e auxiliar no desenvolvimento de novas abordagens terap?uticas. A estimula??o ambiental ? uma estrat?gia neuroprotetora em diferentes modelos animais de dano neurodegenerativo, inclusive na DP. Os estudos realizados at? o momento priorizam as repercuss?es da estimula??o ambiental sobre os aspectos motores e em modelos farmacol?gicos agudos desta patologia. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as repercuss?es da exposi??o ao ambiente enriquecido nos aspectos motores, cognitivos e neuronais (n?veis de tirosina hidroxilase (TH) e fator neurotr?fico derivado do enc?falo (BDNF)) no modelo progressivo da DP pela administra??o repetida de reserpina (RES) em camundongos. Foram utilizados 76 camundongos machos tratados repetidamente com ve?culo ou 0,1 mg/kg de RES (s.c), divididos em duas condi??es de alojamento: padr?o e ambiente enriquecido. Nos animais mantidos na condi??o padr?o, o tratamento com RES foi capaz de provocar altera??es motoras (teste de catalepsia, atividade motora no campo aberto e movimentos orais) e altera??es cognitivas nos teste de reconhecimento do objeto novo (RON) e na tarefa da esquiva discriminativa no labirinto. Quando iniciada antecedendo o tratamento (mas n?o quando iniciada concomitantemente), a estimula??o ambiental retardou o aparecimento dos d?ficits motores avaliados pela catalepsia e facilitou a recupera??o destes d?ficits ap?s o final do tratamento. Al?m disso, a estimula??o ambiental preveniu o aparecimento do d?ficit cognitivo no teste de RON. Na avalia??o histoqu?mica, o tratamento com RES reduziu o n?mero de c?lulas positivas para TH na SNpc e em VTA dos animais eutanasiados ao final das inje??es. Contudo, 30 dias ap?s o final do tratamento esse d?ficit foi revertido. Apesar da ANOVA ter apontado efeito do ambiente neste par?metro, essa diferen?a n?o foi detectada pelo teste post hoc. O tratamento com RES reduziu os n?veis de BDNF no estriado e na regi?o CA3 do hipocampo e a exposi??o ao ambiente enriquecido impediu esse efeito no estriado. Desta forma, o protocolo de estimula??o ambiental utilizado no presente estudo, quando iniciado previamente ao tratamento, foi eficiente em retardar o aparecimento dos d?ficits motores e acelerar a recupera??o destes, al?m de prevenir o d?ficit de mem?ria de curto prazo e evitar a redu??o dos n?veis de BDNF. Esses resultados corroboram estudos pr?vios sugerindo que altera??es pl?sticas cerebrais induzidas pelo enriquecimento ambiental promovem efeitos ben?ficos sobre a progress?o de doen?as neurodegenerativas

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Bergin, Stephen Michael. "Hypothalamic brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulates lymphocyte immunity, energy balance, and cancer progression". The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487669797216355.

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32

Santos, Jos? Ronaldo dos. "Express?o de zif268 no c?rebro do lagarto Tropidurus Hispidus ap?s explora??o de um ambiente enriquecido". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17291.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
In the present work, we investigated behavioral changes associated with the increase in Zif268 protein expression within telencephalic areas of the tropical lizard Tropidurus hispidus that correspond to the mammalian hippocampus (HC). We used 13 male individuals of this species, collected at the Federal Agrotechnical School of Rio Grande do Norte, under SISBIO license number 19561-1. Four animals had their brains removed and were submitted to a Western blot with antibodies for the Zif268 protein. The remaining animals were separated in two different groups: a control group (n=4) and an exploration group (n=5). Animals from the exploration group were exposed to an enriched environment with many sensory cues novel to them. Control group animals stayed in the environment they were already habituated to. After 90 min from the onset of exposure to the new environment, animals from both groups were submitted to intracardiac perfusion with fixative, and the brains were removed, cryoprotected and frozen. After that, brains were sectioned at 20 μm and the sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry for the Zif268 protein. We verified that the Zif268 protein is likely conserved in the brain of T. hispidus, which showed antigenicity for the antibody anti-Zif268 made in mammals. In animals from the exploration group, we detected an increase of the Zif268 protein in the Septum, Striatum, Dorsoventricular Area and in cortical areas corresponding to the HC. This increase was proportional to the amount of environmental exploration, with maximum positive correlation in the hippocampal subareas Medial Cortex (R = 0.94 and p = 0.004) and Dorsomedial Cortex (R = 0.92 and p = 0.006). The data corroborate the notion that the reptilian hippocampus, as well as the mammalian HC, plays an important role in spatial exploration.
Neste trabalho, foram investigadas altera??es comportamentais associadas ao aumento da express?o da prote?na Zif268 em ?reas telencef?licas do lagarto tropical Tropidurus hispidus correspondentes ao Hipocampo (HC) de mam?feros. Foram utilizados 13 animais machos do lagarto T. hispidus, coletados no campus da Escola Agrot?cnica Federal do RN, sob a licen?a do SISBIO (n.19561-1). Quatro animais tiveram seus c?rebros removidos a fresco e submetidos a Western blot com anticorpo para a prote?na Zif268. Os animais restantes foram separados em dois grupos distintos, grupo controle (n=4) e grupo explora??o (n=5). Animais do grupo explora??o foram expostos a um Ambiente Enriquecido (AE) com diversas pistas espaciais desconhecidas pelos animais. Os animais do grupo controle permaneceram no ambiente ao qual j? estavam previamente habituados. Transcorridos 90min do in?cio da exposi??o ao ambiente, animais de ambos os grupos, foram submetidos a perfus?o intracard?aca com fixador, e os c?rebros foram removidos crioprotegidos e congelados. Posteriormente os c?rebros foram seccionados a 20μm e submetidos ? imunohistoqu?mica para Zif268. Verificamos a conserva??o da prote?na Zif268 no c?rebro do T. hispidus, com antigenicidade para o anticorpo anti-Zif268 produzido em mam?feros. Nos lagartos do grupo explora??o detectou-se aumento da express?o da prote?na Zif268 no Septo, Estriado, ?rea Dorsoventricular e ?reas corticais que correspondem ao HC (C?rtices Medial CM, Dorsal CD, Dorsomedial CDM). Esse aumento ? proporcional ? explora??o do ambiente novo, com m?xima correla??o nas sub?reas hipocampais do grupo explora??o, C?rtex Medial (R = 0,94 e p = 0,004) e Dorsomedial (R = 0,92 e p = 0,006). Os dados corroboram a no??o de que o hipocampo reptiliano, assim como o HC de mam?feros, desempenham um papel importante na explora??o de novos ambientes.

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Piazza, Francele Valente. "Efeito benéfico do enriquecimento ambiental sobre o déficit de memória e a plasticidade celular hipocampal em ratos diabéticos tipo 1". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/61261.

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O diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DMT1) tem sido associado com complicações a longo prazo no sistema nervoso central, além dos efeitos periféricos comuns relacionados à doença, causando disfunções cognitivas no encéfalo. Por outro lado, o enriquecimento ambiental (EA) induz mecanismos de plasticidade dependentes da experiência, especialmente no hipocampo, melhorando o desempenho dos animais em testes de aprendizado e memória. Assim, nosso objetivo foi avaliar a influência do EA sobre o déficit de memória, a atividade locomotora, os níveis de corticosterona, a imunorreatividade da proteína sinaptofisina, e a densidade e a ativação de astrócitos e microglia no giro denteado (GD) do hipocampo de ratos diabéticos tipo 1. Para isso, ratos Wistar machos com 21 dias de idade, foram expostos ao EA ou mantidos em caixamoradia padrão (controles, C) por 3 meses. Quando adultos, os animais tanto C quanto EA foram randomicamente divididos e induziu-se diabetes através de injeção de estreptozotocina em metade dos animais de cada grupo, sendo mantidas as respectivas condições ambientais para cada um dos grupos. A memória espacial dependente de hipocampo foi avaliada em todos os grupos através do teste de reconhecimento de objeto reposicionado, no 41o dia após a indução do diabetes, bem como a locomoção geral dos animais no campo aberto durante o mesmo teste. Os níveis séricos de corticosterona foram medidos ao final do experimento, a imunorreatividade da sinaptofisina foi avaliada por imunoistoquímica, e a densidade e a ativação de astrócitos e da microglia por imunofluorescência no hilo do GD do hipocampo. Nossos resultados mostraram que o EA foi capaz de prevenir ou atrasar o desenvolvimento do déficit de memória causado pelo diabetes em ratos, porém não reverteu o déficit motor observado nos animais diabéticos. Não houve diferença significativa na imunorreatividade da sinaptofisina entre os grupos. Além disso, embora o EA não tenha modificado a densidade e a ativação dos astrócitos nos animais diabéticos, o enriquecimento atenuou os efeitos prejudiciais da hiperglicemia sobre a ativação microglial, bem como reduziu os níveis séricos de corticosterona nos ratos diabéticos adultos. Assim, o EA ajudou a amenizar as comorbidades cognitivas associadas ao diabetes, possivelmente por atenuar a hiperatividade do eixo HPA e a ativação microglial nos animais diabéticos.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been associated with long-term complications in central nervous system, besides peripheral common adverse effects, causing neurocognitive dysfunction in the brain. On the other hand, enriched environment (EE) induces mechanisms of experiencedependent plasticity especially in hippocampus, improving the performance of animals in learning and memory tasks. Thus, our objective was to investigate the influence of the EE on memory deficits, locomotion, corticosterone levels, synaptophysin protein immunoreactivity, and density and activation of astrocytes and microglia in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of type 1 diabetic rats. For this, male Wistar rats, 21 days old, were exposed to the EE or maintained in standard housing (controls, C) for 3 months. At adulthood, C and EE animals were randomly divided and half of them induced to diabetes by streptozotocin, being maintained the respective environmental conditions for each animal groups. Hippocampus-dependent spatial memory was evaluated in all groups in the novel object-placement recognition task, on 41th day after diabetes induction, as well as the general locomotion in the open field at the same test. Serum corticosterone levels were measured in the end of the experiment, contents of synaptophysin was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and density and activation of both astrocytes and microglia by immunofluorescence in the hilus of the DG in hippocampus. Our results showed that EE was able to prevent or delay the development of memory deficits caused by diabetes in rats, however did not revert the motor impairment observed in group diabetic. There was no significant difference in synaptophysin immunoreactivity among the groups. Furthermore, although the EE did not modify the density and activation of astrocytes in diabetic animals, it attenuated the injurious effect of hyperglycemia over microglial activation, as well as decreased the serum level of corticosterone in diabetic adult rats. Thus, the EE has helped to ameliorate cognitive comorbidities associated with T1DM, possibly by reducing the hyperactivity of HPA axis and the microglial activation in diabetic animals.

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Erturkmen, Alpay K. "Semantically Enriched Web Service Composition In Mobile Environments". Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605319/index.pdf.

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Web Services are self-contained, self-describing, modular applications that can be published, located, and invoked through XML artefacts across the Web. Web services technologies can be applied to many kinds of applications, where they offer considerable advantages compared to the old world of product-specific APIs, platform-specific coding, and other &ldquo
brittle&rdquo
technology restrictions. Currently there are millions of web services available on the web due to the increase in e-commerce business volume. Web services can be discovered using public registries and invoked through respective interfaces. However how to automatically find, compose, invoke and monitor the web services is still an issue. The automatic discovery, composition, invocation and monitoring of web services require that semantics will be attached to service definitions. The focus of this thesis is on the composition of web services. The approach taken is to extend the DAML-S ontology that is used to define the semantics of services to include the &ldquo
succeeding services&rdquo
for any service provided. These definitions for individual service instances are declared by the service providers. They are presented to the users of the service to construct a workflow in a mobile environment. The workflow generated is represented both graphically in the mobile device and in XML-format as a BPEL4WS document. The aim of this thesis is to prove that it is possible to build a semi-automatic web service composition utility incorporating semantic constructs, using a mobile device. The generated workflow is suitable for deployment on an engine where it can be executed multiple times with different configurations.

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Hicks, Michael C. "MICROGRAVITY DROPLET COMBUSTION IN CARBON DIOXIDE ENRICHED ENVIRONMENTS". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1461953095.

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Petsophonsakul, Petnoi. "Hippocampal plasticity underlying learning and memory processes in healthy and diseased conditions". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30009.

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Les expériences qui jalonnent la vie favorisent la survenue de modifications cérébrales durables et pouvant impacter les fonctions cognitives, ainsi que le développement de troubles cérébraux. L'hippocampe est une structure cérébrale qui joue un rôle essentiel dans l'apprentissage et la mémoire. Dans la première étude, nous avons montré comment l'activité neuronale sous-tendant les processus de la mémoire influence fortement l'intégration des nouveaux neurones hippocampiques dans le cerveau adulte, suggérant une modulation durable de la fonction hippocampique. Dans la deuxième étude, nous avons montré que le séjour en milieu enrichi qui prévient les déficits mnésiques liés à l'âge et induit également des modifications épigénétiques dans le cerveau sain et modèle de la maladie d'Alzheimer. Ceci suggére que des règulations épigénétiques durables pourraient soutenir les effets promnésiques de l'enrichissement environnemental. Ainsi, cette thèse a mis en évidence dans l'hippocampe, l'existence de plasticité dépendante de l'activité dans le cerveau sain et modèle de la maladie d'Alzheimer. Cette plasticité pourrait être une cible pertinente dans le traitement de certaines conditions pathologiques
Throughout life, environmental challenges promote long-lasting changes within the brain that can affect cognitive function, as well as the development of brain disorders. Within the brain, the hippocampus plays a key role in learning and memory processes. In the first study, we demonstrate how neuronal activity triggered by the learning and memory enhances the synaptic integration of adult-born hippocampal neurons that could support hippocampal function. In the second study, we show that enriched environment prevents age-related memory deficits and induces epigenetic modifications in both healthy and Alzheimer's disease conditions. This suggests that long-lasting epigenetic regulations may participate in sustaining the promnesic effects of environmental enrichment. Altogether, this thesis provides evidence of activity-dependent plasticity in the hippocampus in healthy and diseased brain, and suggests that stimulating such plasticity may contribute to improve pathological conditions

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Strand, Magnus. "Estrogen signaling in stroke : genetic and experimental studies". Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1397.

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Cattaud, Vanessa. "Altérations anatomo-fonctionnelles des interneurones à parvalbumine dans un modèle murin de la maladie d'Alzheimer". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30293/document.

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La maladie d'Alzheimer (MA) est une maladie neurodégénérative induisant des troubles cognitifs, et particulièrement des troubles de la mémoire. L'utilisation des souris modèles de la MA a permis de mettre en évidence des altérations de l'activité des réseaux neuronaux hippocampiques et corticaux qui seraient à l'origine des troubles cognitifs. Ainsi,les patients atteints de la MA et des souris transgéniques modèles de la pathologie ont un dysfonctionnement des interneurones exprimant la parvalbumine (PV), à l'origine de la perturbation des oscillations gamma et des troubles cognitifs. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons fait l'hypothèse que les souris Tg2576, modèles de la MA, présentent une altération progressive des interneurones PV, et de leur matrice extracellulaire spécifique, les PNN. Cela aurait pour conséquence une altération de l'activité cérébrale (hypersynchronie, perturbation de la puissance des oscillations gamma et de leur couplage avec les oscillations thêta), qui sous-tendrait les troubles cognitifs. Ce travail a permis de montrer que les souris Tg2576 présentent effectivement des perturbations des oscillations gamma au cours d'une tâche cognitive. D'autre part, l'activation spécifique des neurones PV par optogénétique permet la génération d'oscillations gamma chez nos souris anesthésiées. Cependant nous n'avons pas pu combiner cette approche à la réalisation tâche cognitive. Nous avons par ailleurs observé une diminution du nombre de neurones PV hippocampiques et de leur PNN à un âge précoce de la pathologie, qui peut toutefois être restauré par un séjour transitoire dans un environnement enrichi. Enfin nous avons mis en évidence que les souris Tg2576 présentent des activités épileptiformes particulièrement au cours du sommeil paradoxal (SP), ainsi qu'une perturbation des oscillations gamma et de leur couplage avec les oscillations thêta dès l'âge de 1.5 mois pendant le SP. Ainsi, les travaux de cette thèse permettent de mieux caractériser l'impact de la MA sur les neurones PV et sur les phénomènes oscillatoires associés à leur fonction
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder inducing cognitive dysfunction, in particular memory loss. The use of murine models of AD have highlighted alterations of the neural activity of hippocampal and cortical networks leading to alteration of brain oscillations and spontaneous epileptic activities. Interestingly, it has also been found in AD patients and AD mice that GABAergic interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV) are dysfunctioning, inducing a decrease in gamma oscillations associated with cognitive deficit. Thus, we hypothesized that Tg2576 mice exhibit progressive alteration of PV interneurons, and their specific extracellular matrix (PNN). These would induce aberrant cerebral activity (hypersynchrony, alteration of gamma oscillations and their association with theta oscillations) sustaining cognitive deficits. This work demonstrates that Tg2576 mice exhibit an alteration of gamma power during a cognitive task. On the other hand, the specific activation of PV neurons allows the generation of gamma oscillation in our anesthetized mice, however we haven't been able to try enhancing gamma during a cognitive task. We have also observed a decrease in the number of hippocampal PV neurons and their PNN at an early age of pathology, which can be restored by a transient stay in an enriched environment. Finally, we demonstrate that Tg2576 mice exhibit epileptiform activities, particularly during paradoxical sleep (PS), as well as an alteration of gamma oscillations and their coupling with theta oscillations during PS, as early as 1.5 months of age. Thus, these results allow to better characterize the impact of AD on PV neurons and the oscillatory phenomena associated with their function

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Lintner, Carly Faye. "Exploring the diversity of vinyl chloride assimilating bacteria in enriched groundwater cultures". Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4676.

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Brown, Jayne. "Student nurses' experience of learning to care for older people in enriched environments : a constructivist inquiry". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10336/.

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The unpopularity of gerontological nursing is well established and, although numerous studies have sought explanations for this, few have explored how work with older people can be promoted as a more fulfilling and challenging career choice. Underpinned by a constructivist methodology, this thesis provides new insights into how the experiences of student nurses during their training influence their predisposition to work with older people. Using a two stage approach, data were collected from longitudinal focus group interviews with student nurses from four schools of nursing over a period of eighteen months, together with case studies in seven clinical placement areas where students had identified a positive experience of learning to care for older people. The study was part of a larger national investigation funded by the English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting. Data analysis revealed that a positive experience of work with older people in a range of settings was key to determining whether gerontological nursing was seen as an interesting and exciting career option. Both 'impoverished' and 'enriched' environments of care were identified and analysed in terms of the 'Senses Framework' (Nolan et al 2001a). 'Enriched' environments ensured that students, staff and patients/carers each in their various ways experienced a sense of security, belonging, continuity, purpose, achievement and significance. The longitudinal nature of data collection also indicated that these senses varied in importance as students' experiences unfolded, and a number of foci for students' efforts emerged. These were: self as focus; course as focus; professional care as focus; patient as focus; and person as focus. Findings suggest that only in the most enriched environments will students have a vision of care that has the person as its focus. Based on the interdependency implicit in the data, the thesis concludes by arguing that future policy, practice and education in gerontological nursing should be informed by relationship-centred care, as opposed to person-centred care.

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Ali, Mohamad. "Effet de l'enrichissement physique et social sur l'établissement d'un souvenir spatial à long terme après lésion des noyaux reuniens et rhomboïde du thalamus chez le rat". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ054/document.

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Des études récentes ont montré le rôle clé de la ligne médiane ventrale du thalamus (noyaux Reuniens et Rhomboïde; ReRh) dans la persistance d’une mémoire spatiale chez le Rat qui nécessite un dialogue hippocampo-préfrontal pour une consolidation au niveau des systèmes. Etant donné que l’environnement enrichi (EE) favorise la récupération d’une mémoire de type déclarative après une lésion diencéphalique (thalamus antérieur) et augmente la plasticité neuronale, nous avons évalué son impact sur la consolidation/rappel d'une mémoire spatiale ancienne en piscine de Morris (25 jours post-acquisition) chez le rat après une lésion des noyaux ReRh. Pour cela, nous avons exposé les animaux pendant 40 jours à un environnement enrichi débutant 2 semaines après la lésion excitotoxique thalamique. En outre, l’expression du gène précoce, c-fos, a été cartographiée en immunohistochimie comme marqueur de l'activité neuronale dans l'hippocampe dorsal, le cortex préfrontal médian (mPFC), les noyaux intralaminaires du thalamus et l’amygdale. L’EE a permis la récupération des capacités de persistance d’une mémoire spatiale chez les rats lésés ReRh, accompagnée d’effets bénéfiques sur l'anxiété et l'habituation à un nouvel environnement. L’immunohistochimie de la protéine Fos a montré un recrutement plus élevé des neurones du mPFC associé à la récupération fonctionnelle chez les rats ReRh enrichis, alors que les rats ReRh élevés en condition standard ont présenté un défaut d’activation dans cette région associé à une altération des performances de mémoire. De plus, l’hyperactivité de l’amygdale induite par la lésion chez les rats ReRh standard à la fois en condition basale et après le rappel d’une mémoire a été significativement atténuée dans le groupe ReRh enrichi. Ainsi, nous avons suggéré que l'amygdale pourrait être impliquée dans les effets de la lésion ReRh sur la perte des capacités de rappel d’une mémoire ancienne, mais aussi dans la récupération fonctionnelle associée à la restauration de l’activité du mPFC au rappel de cette mémoire chez les rats lésés enrichis
Recent studies have shown the key role of the ventral midline thalamus (Reuniens and Rhomboid nuclei; ReRh) in spatial memory persistence in rats, which requires a hippocampo- prefrontal dialogue for consolidation at the systems-level. As enriched environment (EE) promotes the recovery of declarative-like memories after diencephalic (anterior thalamus) lesion, and enhances neuronal plasticity, we tested its impact on the effects of the ReRh lesion upon the consolidation/retrieval of a remote spatial memory in a Morris water maze (i.e. 25 post-acquisition days). For this purpose, we exposed rats for 40 days to an enriched environment beginning 2 weeks after fiber-sparing excitotoxic thalamic lesions. In addition, the expression of the immediate early gene, c-fos, was mapped by immunohistochemistry as a marker of functional activity in the dorsal hippocampus, the median prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the intralaminar thalamic nuclei and the amygdala. Enriched housing allows the recovery of spatial memory persistence capacities in ReRh rats, with additional beneficial effects on anxiety and habituation to a novel environment. Immunohistochemistry of the Fos protein showed a higher recruitment of the mPFC, concomitant with memory capacities recovery in enriched ReRh rats, while in standard ReRh rats, Fos expression in the mPFC was significantly decreased together with the alteration of memory performance. The lesion-induced amygdala hyperactivity in basal and memory conditions was significantly attenuated in the ReRh enriched group. We suggested that amygdala might be involved in the effect of ReRh lesion on memory persistence, and also in the functional recovery associated with the restoration of the mPFC activity during remote memory retrieval in enriched ReRh rats

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Ciucci, Francesca. "Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) mediates the effects of enriched environments on visual system development". Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85967.

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Ehninger, Dan-Achim. "Zelluläre Neogenese im adulten murinen cerebralen Cortex". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14989.

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Es wurde Zellneubildung im erwachsenen cerebralen Cortex der Maus in Abhängigkeit von Umweltbedingungen und Aktivitätsgrad untersucht. Es war bekannt, dass eine reizreiche Umgebung und körperliche Aktivität die Neubildung von Nervenzellen im erwachsenen Hippokampus steigern. Als Zellproliferationsmarker wurde BrdU appliziert und BrdU-inkorporierende Zellen 1 Tag und 4 Wochen nach BrdU-Gabe unter Verwendung immunhistochemischer Methoden zur Detektion BrdU-inkorporierender Zellen in verschiedenen kortikalen Regionen und Schichten quantifiziert. Die phänotypische Charakterisierung BrdU+ Zellen wurde durch kombinierte Verwendung immunhistochemischer Methoden und konfokaler Mikroskopie vorgenommen. Die im adulten murinen cerebralen Cortex proliferierenden Zellen differenzierten weit überwiegend glial. Keine der kortikalen BrdU+ Zellen zeigte zweifelsfreie Zeichen einer neuronalen Differenzierung. Damit scheint die adulte Nervenzellneubildung unter physiologischen Bedingungen eine regionale Spezialität des Hippokampus und anderer Strukturen zu sein. Weder körperliche Aktivität (RUN) noch eine reizreiche Umgebung (ENR) führten 1 Tag oder 4 Wochen nach BrdU zu einem signifikanten Unterschied zur Kontrollgruppe (CTR), was die Anzahl BrdU+ Zellen im gesamten Cortex zusamengefaßt betrifft. Dagegen konnten die vorbeschriebenen Effekte von RUN und ENR auf hippokampale BrdU-inkorporierende Zellen repliziert werden. Dies ist ein starker Hinweis darauf, dass die Verstärkung adulter Neurogenese durch RUN und ENR im Gyrus dentatus des Hippokampus eine hippokampus-spezifische Reaktion und nicht etwa Teil einer generalisierten zentralnervösen Reaktion ist. Jedoch konnte gezeigt werden, dass körperliche Aktivität und eine reizreiche Umgebung zur lokalen Beeinflussung kortikaler Zellneubildung in bestimmten Schichten und Regionen führten. So konnten bei RUN-Tieren signifikant mehr BrdU+ Zellen in Schicht I des cingulären, motorischen und visuellen Cortex als bei CTR-Tieren gefunden werden. ENR-Tiere hatten 4 Wochen nach BrdU signifikant mehr BrdU+ Zellen in Schicht II/III des visuellen Cortex als CTR-Tiere. Die Phänotypisierung BrdU+ Zellen in diesen kortikalen Bereichen ergab, dass RUN zu einer lokalen, deutlich ausgeprägten Verstärkung der Neubildung von Mikroglia führte, während ENR tendentiell lokal kortikale Astrozytogenese verstärkte (signifikant in Schicht I des motorischen Cortex 4 Wochen nach BrdU). Damit konnte erstmals berichtet werden, dass körperliche Aktivität zelltypspezifisch die Neubildung kortikaler Mikroglia stimuliert. Dieses Ergebnis ist zunächst überraschend, da mikrogliale Proliferation und Aktivierung klassischweise im Zusammenhang mit Schadenszuständen des ZNS gesehen werden. In der Tat ist dies einer der ersten Befunde, der eine mikrogliale Reaktion mit nicht-pathologischen, vollkommen physiologischen Bedingungen in Verbindung bringt. Dies könnte einen neuen Blickwinkel auf mikrogliale Funktionen eröffnen.
The effect of physical activity and enriched environment on cell genesis in the cerebral cortex of adult mice were investigated. It is well known that living under the conditions of an enriched environment and physical activity both enhance the generation of new neurons in the adult murine hippocampus. To label proliferating cells mice were injected with bromodesoxyuridine (BrdU). The number of BrdU incorporating cells in different regions and layers of the cerebral cortex was determined 1 day and 4 weeks after BrdU administration. To characterize cortical BrdU+ cells phenotypically immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy were used. Adult-generated cortical cells were glial cells. None of all the examined cortical BrdU+ cells showed immunoreactivity for NeuN (expressed in mature neurons) unambiguously indicating that the generation of new neurons in the adult brain is a speciality of the hippocampus and other brain structures. Physical activity (RUN) and enriched environment (ENR) did not affect the number of BrdU+ cells in all cortical regions taken together compared to control animals (CTR), both 1 day and 4 weeks after BrdU. However, the known effects of RUN and ENR on hippocampal cell genesis were replicated suggesting that the enhancement of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by RUN and ENR is a hippocampus-specific reaction and not part of a generalized reaction of the adult cns. It was shown that physical activity and enriched environment had effects on cell genesis in distinct cortical layers and regions. RUN-animals had significantly more BrdU+ cells in layer I of the cingulate, motor and visual cortex than CTR. ENR-animals had significantly more BrdU+ cells in layer II/III of the visual cortex than CTR 4 weeks after BrdU. Phenotyping of BrdU+ cells in these cortical parts revealed that RUN led to a marked increase of the generation of microglia. ENR tended to enhance astrocytogenesis in several cortical parts (reaching significance in layer I of the motor cortex 4 weeks after BrdU). This is the first report that physical activity stimulates the generation of cortical microglia in a cell-type-specific and to some degree region-specific manner. This result is surprising because microglial proliferation and activation are generally thought to occur under conditions involving damage to the nervous system. In fact, this is one of the first reports linking a microglial reaction with an entirely physiological condition. This might shed a new light on microglial function.

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Tso, Georgette L. "A comparison of durability and recruitment for reef mimics constructed from marine concrete and CaCO₃-enriched concrete". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130810.

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Thesis: M. Eng. in Environmental Engineering Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, February, 2021
Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 92-96).
Coastal landscapes continue to be altered on a global scale by man-made infrastructure. Coastal and marine infrastructure, such as seawalls, breakwaters, have replaced natural intertidal, subtidal, and benthic habitats along many coastlines. Coastal infrastructure has a multitude of impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. The habitat provided by man-made coastal infrastructure typically supports ecological communities that are characterized by greater abundances of invasive species and lower overall biodiversity. New design approaches have emerged with the aim of mitigating the impacts of man-made coastal infrastructure, but few studies have investigated the role of CaCO₃ as a concrete additive in increasing biodiversity, species recruitment, material strength and durability, and ion leaching. Textured reef mimics in both standard marine concrete and CaCO₃-enriched concrete were studied constructed and deployed along the coast in Dorchester Bay, Massachusetts.
Reef mimics were compared with regard to performance in recruitment and durability at 90, 180, 330, and 420 days to evaluate effect of CaCO₃ and correlations with seasonal influences over a 420-day period. CaCO₃ had limited effect on community structure as a whole, but increased mussel recruitment, mussel size, and increased barnacle and common slipper shell recruitment on the innermost disc surface. Community structure varied more with submersion time than material type. Community structure varied in time with boom-bust cycles, where the invasive ascidians S. clava, A. aspersa, B. violaceous, and Didemnum sp. competed for surface coverage. CaCO₃ did not decrease the compressive strength or durability of concrete reef mimics. Submersion caused a decrease in compressive strength of both standard and enriched concretes, but after the initial decrease, compressive strength increased with submersion time in the field, but never recovered to its original strength.
Although CaCO₃-enriched concrete leached higher concentrations of calcium and carbonate ions, reef mimics of both material types demonstrated the ability to provide continued leaching of ions.
by Georgette L. Tso.
M. Eng. in Environmental Engineering Science
M.Eng.inEnvironmentalEngineeringScience Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

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LeTendre, McKenzie. "Enriched environments protect against depression brought about by chronic mild stress and increase neuronal density in the hippocampus in Sprague-Dawley rats". [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2009. http://165.236.235.140/lib/MLeTendre2009.pdf.

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Li, Fei. "PHARMACOLOGICAL MANIPULATION OF PROTEIN KINASE C MODULATES THE GROWTH AND LINEAGE COMMITMENT OF ENRICHED HUMAN MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS INDUCED BY HEMATOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS". VCU Scholars Compass, 1992. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5139.

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The activity of protein kinase C (PK-C) has been implicated in regulating the growth and differentiation of both normal and neoplastic hematopoietic cells. We have examined the effects of the PK-C activators, phorbol 12,13- dibutyrate, mezerein, and bryostatin 1, on the proliferation and lineage commitment of enriched CD34+ human myeloid progenitor cells stimulated by lL-3, GM-CSF, stem cell factor and the lL-3/GM-CSF hybrid cytokine plXY321. Coadministration of these PK-C activators with plateau concentrations of rlL-3 or rGM-CSF induced 100-150% increase in the number of day 14 CFU-GM.with a selective stimulation on neutrophil and macrophage lineages while inhibiting eosinophilic growth. plXY321 stimulated an equivalent number of CFU-GM, including a predominant eosinophilic component, when compared to the combination of saturating levels of GM-CSF and lL-3. Bryostatin 1, when coadministered with plXY321 (or with the combination of lL-3 and GM-CSF), selectively enhanced the growth of neutrophilic and monocytic lineages while inhibiting eosinophil development. The inhibition of eosinophil colonies by bryostatin 1 was not mimicked by the coadministration of rSCF, rG-CSF or rCSF-1 with plXY321. Furthermore, neutralizing antibodies to rG-CSF and rCSF-1 failed to block potentiation of neutrophil or macrophage colony formation stimulated by bryostatin 1 in conjunction with plXY321, suggesting that accessory cell effects are not solely responsible for this phenomenona. rSCF synergistically enhanced plXY321 induced colony formation by an average of 144% by selectively stimulating neutrophilic and eosinophilic growth. Coadministration of bryostatin 1 with rSCF and plXY321 further increased colony formation by an average of 81%. This combination selectively stimulated cells of the macrophage lineage, and inhibited eosinophil differentiation. However, bryostatin 1 inhibited erythroid (BFU-E) and erythroid/myeloid mixed (CFU-GEMM) colonies induced by plXY321 alone or in combination with rSCF. Together these results indicate that 1) PK-C activity is involved in the growth and lineage commitment of early and committed myeloid progenitor cells. 2) Pharmacologic manipulation of PK-C may regulate the growth and differentiation of those cells exposed to early hematopoietic growth factors. This study raises the possibility that pharmacologic intervention at PK-C,in conjunction with hematopoietic growth factors, might be useful in the ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells.

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Sunwar, Sharmila. "Multi-Element Composition of Triglochin Maritima L. from Contrasting Habitats including Hot Springs and Metal Enriched Areas". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29177.

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The aim of this PhD research was to study multi-element composition in wetland plants from contrasting habitats, including hot springs, temporary wetlands, and metal-rich areas. Triglochin maritima L. (seaside arrowgrass) was chosen for the study because this species is common in alkaline/saline soils and is adapted to diverse habitats. Eleocharis rostellata, Juncus balticus, Salix exigua, S. boothii, and S. wolfii were also included in the study. Field studies and greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the multi-element composition in plants. In the greenhouse experiment the effects of temperature and soil biota on multielement uptake in T. maritima were studied. Root-zone soils and plant samples were analyzed for 32 - 50 elements using inductively coupled plasma OES/MS spectrometry. The expected outcomes from this research were: 1) the development of multi-element fingerprints for T. maritima and other plant species from contrasting habitats, and 2) a better understanding of the effects of temperature and soil biota on multi-element uptake in T. maritima. Habitat specific element concentration patterns in T. maritima were observed; concentrations of Mn, Li, and B were high in plants from hot spring influenced wetlands, whereas Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Sr, Ba, Ti, and Cu were higher in the plants of temporary wetlands. J. balticus and Salix species from mine impacted and uncontaminated sites revealed distinct differences in multi-element fingerprints. J. balticus showed high concentrations of S, K, Mn, Fe, Cu, Al, As, and Cd at contaminated sites compared to un-contaminated sites. Multi-element fingerprints of Salix species showed that S. boothii had higher concentrations of Mn, Fe, Al, and Ti compared to S. exigua and S. wolfii. To our knowledge for the first time the association of mycorrhizal fungus in T. maritima was confirmed, and significant effects of temperature on element concentrations, contents, and their translocation in plants were observed. Generally, the distribution of the total contents of P, Na, Mn, B, Cu, Mo, Li, Sr, Ti, and Cs in both roots and leaves were lower at 40 ?C compared to 20 and 30 ?C, but their distribution and translocation from root to leaves were higher at 40?C. Even though the biological and physiological functions of Li, Sr, Ba, Rb, and Ti in plants are not fully understood, these elements were substantially taken up by T. maritima, and significant positive correlations of these elements were found with elements that have known biological functions. Overall, concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, Mn, B, Sr, and Ba in T. maritima showed variation due to differences in habitats, temperature, and experimental growing conditions (greenhouse and field condition). Concentration patterns of Na, K, and Zn were species specific and affected by temperature. Li concentrations varied due to habitat differences, growth conditions, and species differences. Future research directions could include: 1) identification of the fungal species associated with T. maritima and studies to elucidate their possible role in survival of T. maritima in the elevated temperature of hot springs, 2) the effects of soil factors, such as salinity and 3) seasonal variation in uptake and translocation, particularly for the less studied elements with yet unrecognized but potential biological functions in plants.
NIH Grant Number P20 RR016471 from the INBRE Program of the National Center for Research Resources
North Dakota State University. Department of Biological Sciences
Robert H. Levis II Cross Ranch Fellowship
North Dakota State University. Environmental and Conservation Sciences program

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Warden, John G. "FEASIBILITY OF USING ¹⁵N-ENRICHED ESCHERICHIA COLI AS A BACTERIAL TRACER IN THE CANE RUN/ROYAL SPRING BASIN, KENTUCKY". UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/64.

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A novel tracer method has used 15N to label Escherichia coli and track the transport of bacteria, a common contaminant, through karst aquifers. Use of this method could provide valuable insight into the movement of bacteria in aquifers, which would help improve remediation methods and strategies. A wild strain of E. coli was isolated from the Cane Run/Royal Spring basin in the Inner Bluegrass region of Kentucky. The strain was serotyped O-:H- and virulence testing showed the strain did not have virulence factors of E. coli commonly pathogenic to humans. Five karst microcosms were filled with sterilized water collected from Royal Spring in Georgetown, Kentucky. Each microcosm was inoculated with wild-type E. coli, enriched in 15N, and incubated at 14° C for 130 days. The microcosms were periodically sampled for the concentration and nitrogen isotope composition of E. coli over 130 days. The E. coli survived at concentrations within one log of the average initial value of 5.62×1010 for the duration of the study. Statistical modeling showed no significant difference in δ15N values from day 1 and day 130. This strain is therefore recommended for traces in the Cane Run/Royal Spring basin.

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Jung, Christian. "Der Einfluss eines Enriched Environments und von Schlüsselproteinen der Alzheimerschen Erkrankung auf die strukturelle Plastizität dendritischer Spines - eine in vivo Analyse mithilfe der Zwei-Photonen-Mikroskopie". Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-152468.

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Fares, Raafat P. "Erythropoietin and enriched housing in Marlau™ cages protect neurons and cognitive function in epileptic rats". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608109.

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Patients with epilepsy often suffer debilitating cognitive and psycho-affective disorders.In some cases, epilepsy is associated to neurodegenerative processes that are the targetof certain therapeutical agents. Today, erythropoietin is considered as one of the most promising neuroprotective agents. In addition, an increased body of studies provides evidence that enrichment (or complexity) of housing decreases the cerebral vulnerabilityin the context of diverse brain insults. In this thesis, we demonstrate: 1) in a model ofepilepsy with large neuronal lesions, that erythropoietin protects the most vulnerable neuronal populations to excitotoxic injury, at the only condition that neuronal expression of its receptor is optimized prior to the primary insult causing epilepsy; 2) in a model of epilepsy associated with faint neuronal lesions that: i) erythropoietin prevents anxietyand impaired spatial learning and memory, ii) enriched housing in Marlau™ cages is moreefficient than erythropoietin, and iii) erythropoietin treatment abolishes beneficial effectsof enriched housing. These results, obtained in animal models of epilepsies associatedwith cognitive disorders establish that beneficial effects of a potential therapeutic agentmay rely on quality of life

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