Libri: "Enriched environment"

1

Renner, Michael J. Enriched and impoverished environments: Effects on brain and behavior. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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2

Duquette, Georges. An Ethnographic study on language acquisition in a culturally enriched kindergarten environment. Buffalo, NY: State University of New York, 1985.

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3

Solving the medical isotope crisis: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, September 9, 2009. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2012.

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4

Renner, Michael J., e Mark R. Rosenzweig. Enriched and Impoverished Environments. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4766-1.

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5

United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Fissile Materials Disposition., a cura di. Implementation plan, disposition of surplus highly enriched uranium environmental impact statement. Washington, DC: Office of Fissile Materials Disposition, U.S. Dept. of Energy, 1995.

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6

United States. Dept. of Energy. Highly Enriched Uranium Working Group. Highly Enriched Uranium Working Group report on environmental, safety, and health vulnerabilities associated with the Department's storage of highly enriched uranium. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Energy, 1996.

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7

Council, Wildlife Habitat, e United States. Natural Resources Conservation Service, a cura di. Mulching: Mulching enriches and protects soil, helping provide a better growing environment. Washington D.C.]: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, 1998.

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8

United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Fissile Materials Disposition, a cura di. Disposition of highly enriched uranium obtained from the Republic of Kazakhstan: Environmental assessment. Washington, D.C. (1000 Independence Ave., SW, Washington 20585): Office of Fissile Materials Disposition, U.S. Dept of Energy, 1995.

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9

Douthwaite, Richard. The growth illusion: How economic growth has enriched the few, impoverished the many, and endangered the planet. Dublin: Lilliput, 1992.

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10

Annie, Makhijani, e Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Takoma Park, Md.)., a cura di. Fissile materials in a glass, darkly: Technical and policy aspects of the disposition of plutonium and highly enriched uranium. 2^a ed. Takoma Park, Md: IEER Press, 1995.

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11

Douthwaite, R. J. The growth illusion: How economic growth has enriched the few, impoverished the many, and endangered the planet. Dublin, Ireland: Lilliput Press, 2000.

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12

Douthwaite, R. J. The growth illusion: How economic growth has enriched the few, impoverished the many, and endangered the planet. Dublin, Ireland: Lilliput Press, 1999.

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13

Douthwaite, R. J. The growth illusion: How economic growth has enriched the few, impoverished the many, and endangered the planet. Bideford, Devon: Green Books, 1992.

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14

Douthwaite, R. J. The growth illusion: How economic growth has enriched the few, impoverished the many, and endangered the planet. Tulsa: Council Oak Books, 1993.

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15

The growth illu$ion: How economic growth has enriched the few, impoverished the many, and endangered the planet. Gabriola Island, B.C., Canada: New Society Publishers, 1999.

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16

United States. Dept. of Energy., a cura di. Environmental assessment for the proposed interim storage of enriched uranium above the maximum historical storage level at the Y-12 Plant Oak Ridge, Tennessee. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Department of Energy, 1994.

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17

Ernwein, Marion, Franklin Ginn e James Palmer, a cura di. The Work That Plants Do. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839455340.

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Whether driven by developments in plant science, bio-philosophy, or broader societal dynamics, plants have to respond to a litany of environmental, social, and economic challenges. This collection explores the `work' that plants do in contemporary capitalism, examining how vegetal life is enrolled in processes of value creation, social reproduction, and capital accumulation. Bringing together insights from geography, anthropology, and the environmental humanities, the contributors contend that attention to the diverse capacities and agencies of plants can both enrich understandings of capitalist economies, and also catalyze new forms of resistance to their logics.

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18

Kolomyc, Erland. Monitoring the sustainable development of forest ecosystems in a changing climate. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2056726.

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The monograph presents a working concept of the theory and methods of terrestrial geosystem monitoring of forests. For the first time, the complete triad of monitoring is considered in its classical definition: "observation (assessment of the state) - control (forecasting) - management (adaptation, feedback, regulation)". The patterns of local and regional response of forests to global climate change are described. The entire array of scientific and methodological developments is systematized in such a way as to reveal the content of geo-ecological monitoring using multidimensional system analysis enriched with empirical and statistical models of basic and predicted states, geo (eco) systems as integral dynamic formations. Forecasts of changes in the biological cycle, including forest productivity, are given. Analytical and cartographic models of functional stability of forest ecosystems are presented. Quantitative forecast estimates of the local and regional regulation of the carbon cycle by forest ecosystems in the context of modern global warming are presented. For students, postgraduates and young scientists studying landscape ecology, environmental modeling and forecasting.

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19

United States. Dept. of Energy, a cura di. Response to comments received from the state of Tennessee and the public on the February 1994 predecisional draft: Environmental assessment for the proposed interim storage of highly enriched uranium above the maximum historical storage level at the Y-12 Plant Oak Ridge, Tennessee. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Energy, 1994.

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20

United States. Dept. of Energy., a cura di. Response to comments received from the state of Tennessee and the public on the February 1994 predecisional draft: Environmental assessment for the proposed interim storage of highly enriched uranium above the maximum historical storage level at the Y-12 Plant Oak Ridge, Tennessee. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Energy, 1994.

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21

The influence of a poetry-enriched environment on the poetry preferenes and responses of sixth-grade children: A librarian-teacher collaboration. 1986.

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22

The influence of a poetry-enriched environment on the poetry preferences and responses of sixth-grade children: A librarian-teacher collaboration. Ann Arbor, Mich: University Microfilms International, 1986.

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23

Gorman, Jack M. Sadness and Depression. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190850128.003.0004.

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Two cellular processes are affected by stressful life events: dendritic remodeling and neurogenesis. Dendritic remodeling occurs when dendrites—projections from neurons that receive signals from the axons of other neurons—either grow or retract. Stress causes retraction of dendrites and disrupts brain connections. This may occur when people are depressed and is responsible for the inability of the logical brain to communicate with the emotional brain. Psychotherapy and antidepressant medications may both cause the dendritic tree to grow and restore connections. Neurogenesis is the creation of new neurons in the adult brain, which occurs in only a few regions. Neurogenesis is decreased by adverse events and increased by enriched environments and by antidepressant treatments. Thus, cellular brain processes that respond to our environment may underlie depression and other changes in mood.

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24

Rosenzweig, M., e M. Renner. Enriched and Impoverished Environments: Effects on Brain and Behavior. Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K, 1987.

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25

Ergin, Meliz. Ecocriticism and Turkey. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350125803.

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Situated between Europe and Asia, and surrounded by three seas, Turkey comprises a diverse environmental and cultural tapestry. Ecocriticism and Turkey is the first in-depth study to explore Turkish literary and cultural engagements with the environment. Ergin examines a wide range of ecocritical issues across four thematically organized chapters: "Sea," "Climate," "Routes," and "Animals." Each chapter addresses various dimensions of anthropogenic ecological change and highlights the role of literature in inspiring hope and action. The book takes readers on various journeys from the coasts of the Aegean Sea to the mountains of Eastern Anatolia. Ergin converses with both twentieth-century writers to shed new light on familiar texts and contemporary writers to capture emerging perspectives, including Rum, Laz, Kurdish, and Armenian voices in her discussion. The study is further enriched by an interdisciplinary inquiry that brings literature into dialogue with climate science, political history, underwater photography, folk music, and bio-art.

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26

Gallagher, Shaun. The Upright Posture: Its Current Standing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794325.003.0009.

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This chapter continues to develop the enriched conception of embodiment that fits an enactivist approach to cognition. It discusses recent biological and evolutionary theory concerning the upright posture and the role of human hands, which are free not only to reach and grasp, but also to contribute to the shaping of human rationality. The notion of affordance space can help to discriminate between what changes (of brain, body, environment) belong to evolution as opposed to development or culture, or individual experience. This analysis relates to the pragmatic concept of manipulatory area (Mead), which contributes to an understanding of the roles of tools, technology, and intersubjectivity in cognition.

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27

Symes, Carol, a cura di. The Global North. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781641894906.

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When Janet Abu-Lughod sketched the contours of a medieval 'world system' in 1989, she located most communication networks in the southern hemisphere. In recent decades, however, new trends in research and new forms of evidence have complicated, enriched, and expanded this picture, geographically and chronologically. We now know that vast portions of the world were interconnected throughout the Middle Ages and, moreover, that the entire circumpolar North was a contact zone in its own right. In this volume, scholars from a range of disciplines explore the boreal globe from the late Iron Age to the seventeenth century, offering fresh perspectives that cross the frontiers of national historiographies and presenting new research on migration, trade, mapping, cultural exchange, and the interactions of humans with their environment.

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28

Disposition of surplus highly enriched uranium environmental impact statement: Implementation plan. Washington, DC: The Dept., 1995.

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29

Keady, John, e Mike Nolan. Person- and relationship-centred dementia care: past, present, and future. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0015.

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Dementia is a global issue but is experienced at an individual and relational level. This chapter traces the emergence of both person centred care and relationship centred care with the latter approach expressed through the Senses Framework. The theoretical development and practical application of the Senses [security, belonging, continuity, purpose, achievement, significance] are outlined highlighting the importance of staff, carer and person [with dementia in this chapter] all working together. The application of the Senses Framework to a recent practice development study set in a care home for people with dementia that used a combination of the Senses and life story work to create an 'enriched environment is then described. The chapter concludes with a discussion about how the Senses can be used to facilitate an early diagnosis of dementia and to help people with dementia and their families to engage with a life ‘outside the front door’, what we term ‘The Neighbourhood Space’.

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30

Lyness, Karen S., e Hilal E. Erkovan. The Changing Dynamics of Careers and the Work–Family Interface. A cura di Tammy D. Allen e Lillian T. Eby. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199337538.013.29.

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Although careers are an important part of people’s lives, career constructs have not always been well represented in the work–family (WF) literature. Accordingly, this chapter is written as a resource for WF scholars by providing a concise review of the rich career literature dating back over 100 years to show how conceptualizations of careers have evolved over time, with examples of key psychological and sociological theories that have enriched our understanding of careers. We also draw on the WF literature to illustrate how early career theories and concepts are still being applied to WF issues. We then focus on contemporary career theories and conceptualizations that reflect today’s turbulent work environment, and thus differ from traditional perspectives. In addition, we review the recent WF literature to examine how well these contemporary views of careers are represented, with examples of WF literature that illustrate the insights they offer. The chapter concludes with suggestions for further integration of ideas and constructs from the career literature in future WF research.

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31

Environmental assessment, disposition of highly enriched uranium obtained from the Republic of Kazakhstan. Washington, D.C: Office of Fissile Materials Disposition, U.S. Dept of Energy, 1995.

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32

Sheppard, Charles, Simon Davy, Graham Pilling e Nicholas Graham. The Biology of Coral Reefs. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787341.001.0001.

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Coral reefs represent the most spectacular and diverse marine ecosystem on the planet as well as a critical source of protein and income for many millions of people. Ecologically they are as complex as they are diverse and colourful. However, the combined effects of human activities have led to a rapid decline worldwide in the health of reefs. This timely book provides an integrated overview of the function, physiology, ecology and behaviour of coral reef organisms. Each chapter is enriched with a selection of ‘boxes’ on specific aspects written by internationally recognized experts. As with other books in the Biology of Habitats Series, the emphasis in this book is on the organisms that dominate this marine environment, although pollution, conservation, climate change and experimental aspects are also included. Indeed, particular emphasis is placed on conservation and management due to the habitat’s critically endangered status. A global range of examples is employed which gives the book international relevance. This accessible text is intended for students, naturalists and professionals and assumes no previous knowledge of coral reef biology. It is particularly suitable for both senior undergraduate and graduate students (in departments of biology, geography, and environmental science) taking courses in coral reef ecology, marine biology, oceanography and conservation biology, as well as the many professional ecologists and conservation biologists requiring a concise overview of the topic. It will also be of relevance and use to reef managers, recreational divers and amateur naturalists.

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33

Douthwaite, Richard. Growth Illusion: How Economic Growth Has Enriched the Few, Impoverished the Many and Endangered the Planet. UIT Cambridge, 1999.

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34

Douthwaite, Richard. Growth Illusion: How Economic Growth Has Enriched the Few, Impoverished the Many and Endangered the Planet. UIT Cambridge, 1999.

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35

Douthwaite, Richard. The Growth Illusion: How Economic Growth Has Enriched the Few, Impoverished the Many, and Endangered the Planet. Council Oak Books, 1995.

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36

Bottoms, Anthony. The Importance of High Offender Neighborhoods within Environmental Criminology. A cura di Gerben J. N. Bruinsma e Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.5.

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This chapter argues that the study of the geographical distribution of crimes is significantly enriched when it takes into account the location of offender residences, especially high offender-rate neighborhoods. It first explains why the study of high offender neighborhoods is vital to the study of the criminology of place, both in explanatory terms and as regards implications for crime prevention. It then shows that high offender neighborhoods are not all the same, and that the single concept of social disorganization is not adequate to explain these differences. The conclusion summarizes the argument and considers its implications for the important question of the optimum units of analysis in the study of environmental criminology.

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37

Kawall, Jason. Environmental Virtue Ethics. A cura di Nancy E. Snow. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199385195.013.24.

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Environmental virtue ethics is among the most fruitful and influential applications of virtue ethics. This chapter considers the attractions of a virtue-based approach to environmental ethics in particular, before examining how we come to identify environmental virtues and vices. Following consideration of representative environmental virtues (humility and courage), and vices (arrogance and inattention), the chapter turns to a consideration of objections to environmental virtue ethics. While many of these objections are readily answerable, they suggest that greater attention must be paid to political virtues, and to the role of institutions and social structures in shaping possibilities for acquiring and acting upon environmental virtues. There are also significant epistemic worries concerning the ability to identify environmental virtues and exemplars. The chapter closes with a consideration of ways in which appeals to psychology and the social sciences might enrich and enhance environmental virtue ethics, and help to overcome its remaining epistemic problems.

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38

Compston, Alastair. Development, degeneration, and regeneration of the central nervous system. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0180.

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What does the nervous system do? Primitive organisms respond to threats by reflex withdrawal and explore their environment through goal-directed activities. They sense and respond to their internal environment in order to maintain homeostasis. From these origins emerge more sophisticated forms of discriminative sensation and the acquisition of special senses; precision in the efficiency of movement and coordination between separate elements of motor skills; and cognitive behaviours that anticipate, conceptualize, and enrich physical and social interactions with the environment.

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39

Foster, Caroline E. Global Regulatory Standards in Environmental and Health Disputes. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810551.001.0001.

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Potentially global regulatory standards are emerging from the environmental and health jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice, the World Trade Organization, under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and investor-state dispute settlement. Most prominent are the three standards of regulatory coherence, due regard for the rights of others, and due diligence in the prevention of harm. These global regulatory standards are a phenomenon of our times, representing a new contribution to the ordering of the relationship between domestic and international law, and inferring a revised conception of sovereignty in an increasingly pluralistic global legal era. However, considered with regard to jurisprudential theory on relative authority, the legitimacy of the resulting ‘standards-enriched’ international law remains open to question. Procedurally, although they are well-placed to provide valuable input, international courts and tribunals should not be the only fora in which these standards are elaborated. Substantively, challenges and opportunities lie ahead in the ongoing development of global regulatory standards. Debate over whether regulatory coherence should go beyond reasonableness and rationality requirements and require proportionality in the relationship between regulatory measures and their objectives is central. Due regard, the most novel of the emerging standards, may help protect international law’s legitimacy claims in the interim. Meanwhile, all actors should attend to the integration rather than the fragmentation of international law, and to changes in the status of private actors.

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40

Seasteading: How Floating Nations Will Restore the Environment, Enrich the Poor, Cure the Sick, and Liberate Humanity from Politicians. Tantor Audio, 2017.

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41

Pratt, Sean, Joe Quirk e Patri Friedman. Seasteading: How Floating Nations Will Restore the Environment, Enrich the Poor, Cure the Sick, and Liberate Humanity from Politicians. Tantor Audio, 2017.

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42

Quirk, Joe, e Patri Friedman. Seasteading: How Floating Nations Will Restore the Environment, Enrich the Poor, Cure the Sick, and Liberate Humanity from Politicians. Free Press, 2017.

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43

author, Friedman Patri 1976, a cura di. Seasteading: How floating nations will restore the environment, enrich the poor, cure the sick, and liberate humanity from politicians. Simon & Schuster, 2017.

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44

Seasteading: How Floating Nations Will Restore the Environment, Enrich the Poor, Cure the Sick, and Liberate Humanity from Politicians. Free Press, 2018.

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45

Niño-Gutiérrez, Naú Silverio, Marvel del Carmen Valencia-Gutiérrez e García-Ramírez María de Jesús. Productive System Territory and Sustainability TIII. 3^a ed. ECORFAN, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35429/h.2020.2.1.183.

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In education, the role of teachers and researchers is fundamental in the formation of committed citizens, who know their environment and make decisions for the benefit of a sustainable community. Therefore, as teachers, we must reflect, within our classes, on the current social, economic, environmental, political and cultural challenges, to prepare our students to live in a world that demands new interaction forms between all the agents of society. The main objective of the handbook Productive Systems, Territory and Sustainability T-III 2021 was to enrich the scientific literature on the topics of productive systems, territory and sustainability worldwide with full adherence to the bibliography available in various digital databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Redalyc, among others, and printed texts from which relevant information concerning basic and applied research on the topics of the handbook was taken. The method used was multimodal given that we resorted to desk research based on quantitative techniques and field work both in Mexico and Brazil where qualitative techniques such as participant observation and the application of questionnaires were applied.

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46

Taberlet, Pierre, Aurélie Bonin, Lucie Zinger e Eric Coissac. Analysis of bulk samples. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767220.003.0018.

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Chapter 18 “Analysis of bulk samples” deals with the particular case of biodiversity surveys based on bulk samples. A bulk sample is an environmental sample containing mainly organisms from the taxonomic group under study, such as insect samples obtained from a Malaise trap, or eukaryote-enriched samples obtained from filtered or size-fractionated water samples. One important characteristic of bulk samples is that they usually provide good-quality DNA in high amounts. Chapter 18 presents several seminal studies based on bulk samples that aimed at monitoring arthropod, nematode, or marine metazoan diversity. The advantages and limitations of the classical barcoding COI marker versus metabarcoding markers for bulk sample analysis are also discussed. Finally, Chapter 18 reviews two alternative strategies to limit the taxonomic biases associated with the use of the COI marker (i.e., mitochondrial enrichment via differential centrifugation or capture, followed by extraction and shotgun sequencing).

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47

Staub, Michael E. The Mismeasure of Minds. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643595.001.0001.

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The 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision required desegregation of America’s schools, but it also set in motion an agonizing multidecade debate over race, class, and IQ. In this innovative book, Michael E. Staub investigates neuropsychological studies published between Brown and the controversial 1994 book The Bell Curve. In doing so, he illuminates how we came to view race and intelligence today. In tracing how research and experiments around such concepts as learned helplessness, deferred gratification, hyperactivity, and emotional intelligence migrated into popular culture and government policy, Staub reveals long-standing and widespread dissatisfaction—not least among middle-class whites—with the metric of IQ. He also documents the devastating consequences—above all for disadvantaged children of color—as efforts to undo discrimination and create enriched learning environments were recurrently repudiated and defunded. By connecting psychology, race, and public policy in a single narrative, Staub charts the paradoxes that have emerged and that continue to structure investigations of racism even into the era of contemporary neuroscientific research.

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Kawachi, Ichiro, Iain Lang e Walter Ricciardi, a cura di. Oxford Handbook of Public Health Practice. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198800125.001.0001.

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Fully revised and updated for the fourth edition, the award-winning Oxford Handbook of Public Health Practice remains the first resort for practitioners in the field. Structured into practical sections addressed towards professional competencies and translating evidence into policy, this Handbook provides concise summaries and covers real issues from across the globe, providing a world of experience at your fingertips. Easy-to-use, concise, and practical, this Handbook is divided into seven parts that focus on the vital areas of this broad discipline. Reflecting recent advances, the most promising developments in the practice of public health are presented, along with essential summaries of the core disciplines. Specific sections are devoted to the development of professional competencies including negotiation, communicating risk to the public, community action, and translating evidence into policy. This Handbook will assist students, trainees, and practitioners around the world with its enriched information on the management of disasters, epidemics, health behaviour, acute and chronic disease prevention, community and government action, environmental health, vulnerable populations, and more.

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Sharma, Mukul. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199477562.003.0006.

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In the conclusion the author summarizes his arguments and research findings, bringing in discussions on some of the initiatives taken by the Dalits and other organizations to link up the issues of caste, nature, and Dalit movements. He points towards the new generation of environmental questions, especially in the context of caste, Dalits, identity, ethnicity, minority, democracy, and development. Dalit–Brahmin encounters in the realm of nature have been antagonistic, but there could be some internal commonalities dissolving the differences and complementing each other at complex levels. He concludes that the linkages between nature and caste, ecology and Dalits, are dynamic, and can offer much in academic research, in the fields of both Dalit and environmental studies. A study of the interplay between them can enrich both arenas providing new visions and insights. Traditional environmentalism and environmental politics have built the bedrock of their politics on community and nation. It is not likely that their concerns will be altered altogether. However, the new generation of environmental activism and writings have begun to pay more attention to hitherto unseen people and unheard voices, with conflicting positions.

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Wojewodzic, Tomasz. Procesy dywestycji i dezagraryzacji w rolnictwie o rozdrobnionej strukturze agrarnej. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-31-1.

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The turn of the 20th and 21st centuries has been a very dynamic period of change in Poland and around the world; also a period of change in thinking about the economy and agriculture. The present work is a study of the decline, divestments and development of agriculture in the areas of fragmented farming structure. The reflections presented herein, upon the processes of the remodelling of agrarian structures, of divestments in farming, and disagrarisation, are mostly anchored in the achievements of the theory of spatial economy (land management), and the microeconomic theories of choice, including the theory of an agricultural holding (farm) and land rent theories. The work focuses on the economic issues of remodelling the agrarian structure, but due to the nature of the issues discussed herein, specifically in relation to family-owned farms, the social and environmental aspects also needed to be taken into account – in response to the need for a heterogeneous approach, which is increasingly stressed in economic sciences today. The main objective of the research was to diagnose and assess the scale and scope of the mechanisms and processes that inform the decline and growth of agricultural holdings in the areas with fragmented farming structure. The study covered the area comprising four regions (provinces) of south-eastern Poland, which – according to the FADN nomenclature – form the macro region of Małopolska and Pogórze. The study of subject literature has been enriched with an analysis of available statistics; data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN); information obtained from the Department of Programming and Reporting at the Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture; and author’s own research conducted among farm owners. The information thus obtained made it possible to: • Determine the theoretical premises for the spatial diversity of agriculture, and the role of small farms in the shaping of agrarian structure. • Adapt the concept of “divestment” for the description and analysis of the phenomena occurring in agriculture. • Indicate the role and importance of the processes of divestment and disagrarisation in the restructuring of agriculture. • Assess the natural, social and economic determinants of the process of restructuring agriculture in areas with fragmented farming structure. • Assess selected aspects of economic efficiency of agriculture in areas with fragmented farming structure, with the focus on small and micro farms. • Carry out an ex ante evaluation of the impact of agricultural policy instruments on the process of restructuring of agriculture in the macro region of Małopolska and Pogórze. • Identify the indicators of decline and fall, and barriers to the liquidation of farms. • Assess the relationship between the level of socio-economic development, the structure of farming, and the quality of agricultural production space in a given territorial unit, versus the intensity of the economic and production disagrarisation processes in agricultural holdings. • Propose targeted solutions conducive to the improvement of the farming structure in areas with a high framentation of agriculture. Observation of the processes occurring in agriculture, and the scientific theories created on the basis thereof, have shown that even the smallest farms have a chance to continue in existence, provided that we are able to positively verify their adaptation to the changing conditions in the environment. Carrying out farming activity is a prerequisite for implementing the economic, social and environmental functions associated with family farms. At the same time, based on the analyses performed, we need to assume that the advanced processes of the production and economic disagrarisation of agricultural holdings are to a greater extent determined by the anatomical features of agriculture, and by the natural conditions, than by the level of socio-economic development of the given territorial unit. In the current economic climate, the remodelling of the agrarian structure is only possible with the active participation of the institutions responsible for the creation of economic growth and agricultural policy development. It is extremely important from the point of view of environmental protection, and the viability of rural areas, to support small farms engaged in agricultural activities, and to introduce such instruments that will enable the replacement of an economic collapse with divestments, carried out in a planned manner, and allowing for thus released agricultural resources to find alternative application in units with a higher development potential. The area of theoretical research requiring further exploration includes the issues such as transactional costs of the liquidation of agricultural holdings, and the assessment of the economic effectiveness of conducting divestments.

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