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1
Scott, Geoffrey. "The Poor Man’s Catechism". Recusant History 27, n. 3 (maggio 2005): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200031502.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Catechisms in the vernacular for the Catholic community in England appeared surprisingly early after the break with Rome, and were published continuously from the 1560s by English and continental presses, although many have not survived. Catechetical material is also often found within books dealing primarily with apologetical, educational, devotional and liturgical subjects. From the beginning, there seems to have been types of catechism written for particular groups such as teachers, children or the illiterate. Laurence Vaux, who taught English exiles’ children in Louvain in the 1560s, published the first extant catechism for the simple and unlearned in 1568, and with the publisher John Fowler’s encouragement, his later catechisms carried illustrations ‘for those not yet able to read’. Vaux’s catechisms were followed by popular European catechisms translated into English by the Jesuits.
2
McQuade, Paula. "How Christiana Learned Her Catechism: Catechisms, Family Religion, and Lay Literacy in Seventeenth-Century England". English: Journal of the English Association 67, n. 257 (2018): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/efy026.
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3
Eballo, Arvin Dineros. "Gamay at Hiyang: Reconstructing Fray Juan de Oliver’s Declaracion de la Doctrina Christiana en Idioma Tagalog as a Catechetical Paradigm". Religions 13, n. 9 (6 settembre 2022): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13090832.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
During the American annexation of the Philippines, a classic English catechism designed in a question-and-answer format known as the Baltimore catechism became popular. Apparently, that said catechism served as the standard Catholic catechetical text (lingua franca) in the country from 1900 to the late 1960s. There is no single best method and approach in the ministry of catechesis. However, cultural appreciation of the people is essential to realize purposeful and meaningful catechesis. In the celebration of the Quincentenario of the arrival of Catholicism in the Philippines, it is a fitting tribute to recognize Fray Juan de Oliver, O.F.M. and revisit his Declaracion de la Doctrina Christian en Idioma Tagalog which he used from 1582 to 1591 when he was tasked to evangelize the locals of Balayan, Batangas during the early stages of the Catholic propagation in Luzon. The 188-page catechism attributed to de Oliver was all written in Tagalog which meant that he persevered in learning the local language to impart the Catholic teachings strikingly to the natives. Through historical and textual analysis, the proponent intends to reconstruct de Oliver’s adaptable and comfortable (gamay) methods and approaches of catechizing in a suitable way (hiyang) to the worldview, language, and culture of the locals. Likewise, de Oliver’s catechetical pedagogy may also serve as a pedagogical paradigm for priests, religious educators, and catechists in conducting contextualized catechesis.
4
Zakharov, Sergey A. "So-called “Lollardsʼs Catechism”. The translation of part from middle English to Russian with commentary and introduction article". Russian Journal of Church History 1, n. 2 (8 luglio 2020): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/2686-973x-2020-2-23.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Publication of the Russian translation of part of so-called “Lollardsʼs Catechism”, which was written by anonymous author in 14th century England. The title “Lollardsʼs Catechism” was given by first editors in the early 20th century, because the text wasnʼt originally entitled. The text is an expanded version of official Catechism, written by ordered archbishop of York John de Thoresby (died 1373). In comparison with the original, anonymous author focused on the ethos of clergy. For some time, researchers believed that the author of the text was John Wycliffe (1320-1384), but now this point of view isn’t shared by scientists. The rhetoric presented in the text gives the reasons to believe that the text was written by one of the wandering preachers, who may have belonged to the Lollards, who were especially active in England in the second half of the 14th century.
5
Green, Ian. "‘For Children in Yeeres and Children in Understanding‘: The Emergence of the English Catechism under Elizabeth and the Early Stuarts". Journal of Ecclesiastical History 37, n. 3 (luglio 1986): 397–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900021473.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
When Immanuel Bourne published his larger catechism in 1646, he prefaced it with an unusually full account of the history of catechising. He was not the first author of the period to trace the practice back to the examples of religious instruction in both Old and New Testaments, or to cite the works of Pantaenus, Clement of Alexandria and Origen as proof of the existence of religious education in the early Church. Nor was he alone in praising the efforts of those continental reformers of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries who thought they had revived the characteristic form of instruction of the early Church after centuries of neglect, though it may be added that Bourne's list of contemporary European catechists was longer and more cosmopolitan than others'.
6
Gunawan, Freddy. "Meneropong Teks dalam Konteks: Katekimus Heidelberg P/J 53". Veritas : Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan 16, n. 1 (1 giugno 2017): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.36421/veritas.v16i1.12.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Katekismus Heidelberg merupakan salah satu warisan tradisi iman Reformed yang memuat pengajaran yang begitu kaya dan limpah mengenai doktrin Allah Roh Kudus. Secara eksplisit, pengajaran tentang doktrin Allah Roh Kudus dalam Katekismus Heidelberg memang hanya terdapat dalam P/J 53. Namun, hal ini tidak berarti bahwa pengajaran doktrin Allah Roh Kudus dalam Katekismus Heidelberg hanya termaktub di dalam bagian ini saja. Tulisan ini mencoba menganalisis kekayaan doktrin Allah Roh Kudus, secara khusus P/J 53, dalam tiga konteks: konteks masa lalu yang menjadi latar belakang terbentuknya Katekismus Heidelberg, konteks makro dan mikro P/J 53 secara tekstual, dan relevansinya bagi konteks masa kini, khususnya Indonesia.
Kata-kata kunci: Katekismus Heidelberg, P/J 53, Roh Kudus, penghiburan, penyertaan, konteks masa lalu, konteks tekstual, konteks masa kini
English:
The Heidelberg Catechism reflects a rich heritage within the Church that adheres to the Reformed tradition. It contains a rich strain of doctrine pertaining to the doctrine of the Holy Spirit. Explicitly, within the Heidelberg Catechism, the teaching regarding the doctrine of the Holy Spirit as a Member of the Godhead is found only in Question/Answer 53. Of course, this does not mean that the only teaching on the subject of the doctrine of the Holy Spirit within the Heidelberg Catechism is recorded in this section alone. The purpose of this essay is an attempt to conduct an analysis of the doctrine of the Holy Spirit, specifically Q/A 53, from three different contexts: the historical setting which reflects the historical context in which the Heidelberg Catechism was formulated, a macro and micro textual analysis of Q/A 53 within the context of the Heidelberg Catechism, and finally, the relevancy of the document for the contemporary context, especially focusing upon the Indonesian context.
Keywords: Heidelberg Catechism, Question/Answer 53, The Holy Spirit, Consolation, Abiding, Historical Context, Textual Context, Contemporary Context
7
Zając, Marian. "Four Decades of the Catechism of the Catholic Church and its Significance for Polish Catechesis". Roczniki Teologiczne 69, n. 11EV (2 giugno 2023): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rt2269003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
English translation. The original article can be found here
This year we are celebrating the fortieth anniversary of the publication of the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The document, awaited many years by believers, contained a popularly outlined interpretation of the most important principles of faith, morals, worship and prayer. The purpose of this article is to analyse the significance of this document for the catechetical activities of the Catholic Church in Poland over the past four decades since its publication. The previous Roman Catechism served the Church for more than 400 years. A new document of such stature was to lead to a radical revision of the aims of catechesis, the prominence of its most important contents and the improvement of its methodological instrumentarium. The article will answer the following questions: “Has there really been a religious revival in the stages of adapting the Catechism of the Catholic Church to the realities of the local community of the Polish Church;” “Has it become the basis for a deeper reflection on the current state of catechesis?” It will also be important to answer the question: “Has there been a real popularisation of this document in Polish ecclesial, cultural and educational spaces?”
8
Walsham, Alexandra. "Wholesome milk and strong meat: Peter Canisius’s catechisms and the conversion of Protestant Britain". British Catholic History 32, n. 3 (21 aprile 2015): 293–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bch.2015.3.
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AbstractThis article examines the vernacular translations of the famous catechisms prepared by the Dutch Jesuit Peter Canisius which circulated in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Britain. The various editions and adaptations of Canisius produced for English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish readers are texts in which anti-Protestant identity formation converges with the task of basic indoctrination. These include Laurence Vaux’s popular catechism of 1567, the traditionalist character of which is reassessed. Shedding light on the reception and domestication of the literature of the European Counter Reformation, these books illustrate how catechesis was revived and harnessed as a clerical tool for cultivating polemical resistance and as a device for inculcating saving knowledge and redeeming piety in those young in faith as well as in years. Recusant clergy, seminary priests and Jesuits tackled the task of restoring England to its traditional allegiance to Rome as if they were planting the faith in a pagan land and they utilised the same techniques and strategies as their colleagues in the newly discovered world. A study of Canisius’s catechisms highlights the fluid boundary between conversion and reconciliation in contemporary minds; illuminates the intertwining of the histories of evangelical mission and confessionalisation in the context of the British Isles; and helps to reintegrate minority Catholic communities back into our picture of the global movement for religious outreach and renewal.
9
Mason, Margaret J. "The Blue Nuns in Norwich: 1800–1805". Recusant History 24, n. 1 (maggio 1998): 89–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200005860.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The last years of the English Conceptionist nuns, the Blue Nuns, were spent in a large corner house in Magdalen Street, Norwich, from which the cheerful abbess, Mother Bernard Green, wrote notes to their benefactress, Lady Jerningham, at Cossey. This community had for 140 years lived near the Bastille in Paris. It had seen the Duchess of Cleveland quête in its church, Mary of Modena at a profession; it had taught girls who grew up to be notable English Catholic ladies, including Lady Jerningham herself. It had suffered the deaths of too many of its small community during and after the Revolution. Like the Benedictines of Montargis and the Austins of Bruges, the refugee Blue nun community knew the charity of the Jerningham family, but unlike those two flourishing houses it died out before its benefactors did. For a brief period, 1800–1805, the Blue Nuns kept choir, taught catechism, made purses, and received visitors in Norwich.
10
Fulop, Robert E., William Roye, Douglas H. Parker e Bruce Krajewski. "A Brefe Dialoge bitwene a Christen Father and his Stobborne Sonne: The First Protestant Catechism Published in English". Sixteenth Century Journal 31, n. 3 (2000): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2671164.
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Milton, Anthony. "A Missing Dimension of European Influence on English Protestantism: The Heidelberg Catechism and the Church of England, 1563–1663". Reformation & Renaissance Review 20, n. 3 (2 settembre 2018): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2018.1530672.
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Jones, Mark. "John Calvin’s Reception at the Westminster Assembly (1643–1649)". Church History and Religious Culture 91, n. 1-2 (2011): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187124111x557872.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Of all the Reformation theologians, John Calvin exerted arguably the most influence on the English Puritans. That did not mean, however, that his theology was uncritically accepted. This chapter considers the reception of Calvin’s theology at the Westminster Assembly on two doctrines that were debated among the Westminster divines, namely, the eternal generation of the Son of God and the so-called descent of Christ into Hell. Calvin’s somewhat unique position on the Son’s aseity and his interpretation of Christ’s descent were considered by the Assembly, but ultimately rejected by the majority, though not all, of the Westminster divines. Nevertheless, the Westminster documents are not quite detailed enough to contradict Calvin’s position on the Son’s aseity, but the Larger Catechism definitely departs from Calvin’s teaching on Christ’s descent into Hell. Moreover, the relation of the Apostles’ Creed and Nicene Creed to Reformed theology in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries also comes under consideration in this chapter.
13
Buchta, Roman. "The Catechist in the Community of the Church — a Witness of Faith and a Mistagogue". Roczniki Teologiczne 69, n. 11EV (2 giugno 2023): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rt2269004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
English translation. The original article can be found here
While establishing the lay ministry of the catechist, Pope Francis expressed his hope that, as was the case in Christian antiquity, the catechist—because of the tasks entrusted to him—would be simultaneously a witness of faith, a master and a mystagogue, a companion and an educator who teaches on behalf of the Church. The aim of this article is to highlight the mystagogical dimension of the education of catechists preparing to enter the ministry in parish communities, and to present the related directions of pastoral activities carried out in the Church of Katowice as part of the Archdiocesan Centre for Pastoral Formation. The main research problem concerns the nature of the formation of catechists serving in parish communities and their specific competences. The study uses the methods of analysis and synthesis. The analysis of catechetical documents, carried out in the light of chronologically (sequentially) complementary guidelines concerning catechists' formation enabled to distinguish the mystagogical elements of the theological-pastoral formation of catechists. The article emphasises the postulate expressed in the Catechetical Directory for the formation of catechists as “witnesses of faith and mystagogues” and the lay ministry of the catechist established by Pope Francis, as a possibility and necessity for the formation of two types of catechists that complement each other through their competences: the school catechist—a teacher of religious education, and the catechist who undertakes ministry in the parish community. Pastoral initiatives supporting the formation of parish catechists conducted in the Archdiocese of Katowice are presented as an example of catechetical-pastoral implementation of the postulated activities. They serve as an inspiration for activities in other formation centres.
14
Spinks, Bryan D. "Calvin' Baptismal Theology and the Making of the Strasbourg and Genevan Baptismal Liturgies 1540 and 1542". Scottish Journal of Theology 48, n. 1 (febbraio 1995): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930600037297.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Baptism is a subject which finds considerable attention in the writings of John Calvin. It features more generally in chapter 14 of the 1559 Institute, on Sacraments, and specifically in chapters 15 and 16. It features in the Instruction in Faith and the later Genevan Catechism, and throughout his commentaries both with reference to passages where baptism is explicit, as well as where Calvin believed it to be implicit. Other references occur in sermons and his occasional writings. Yet in contrast with his eucharistic teaching, there have been far fewer studies on his theology of baptism. Amongst the contributions of English speaking scholars, the studies of R. S. Wallace, Calvin's Doctrine of the Word and Sacraments, 1953 and T. F. Torrance's discussion in the 1957 Church of Scotland report on baptism remain invaluable. Both Wallace and Torrance present a systematic survey of the Reformer's baptismal theology as it is found in the 1559 Institute, the commentaries and sermons, pinpointing his important emphases. In an article in 1962 E. Grislis gave a comprehensive summary of the teaching on baptism in the 1559 Institute, drawing attention to a tension between election and instrumentality. More recently still Jill Rait examined the teaching on infant baptism in the 1559 Institute, suggesting that it needs to be understood in the light of three inter-related principles, viz:
15
Mokromenko, O. "The components of content of elementary education at three stages of elementary education development in Great Britain in the 19 th century". New Collegium 3, n. 105 (22 novembre 2021): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/nc.2021.3.59.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article investigates the issue of the experience in theory and practice of elementary education organizing in Great Britain during the 19 th century. Special attention is given to elementary education content. The role of changing content at three stages of elementary education development has been defined according to social and political, cultural and pedagogical prerequisites. The content components of elementary education at three stages of elementary education development in Great Britain in the 19 th century have been analyzed. Lack of common, compulsory and legal content at first two stages has been proved. Dependence of elementary education content on the types of elementary education schools and pupils social classes of Great Britain of the 19 th century has been determined. General orientation of elementary education content at three stages of elementary education development has been identified. It is concluded that content of elementary education at three stages has its own characteristics. The main disciplines are Writing, Arithmetic, Reading Catechism and Craft. Secondary disciplines are the Sciences. Condensed character of elementary education at the first two stages has been denoted. Elementary education content was characterized by case studies on English, it was based on work education and teaching of writing, reading and arithmetic at the third stage. It was a lack of common curriculum in the elementary education schools at first two stages. One of the significant disadvantages of elementary education content at the first two stages is the prohibition of learning national languages at schools of Scotland and Wales. Elementary education content at the third stage has been expanded by compulsory curriculum in English writing, reading and arithmetic for all elementary education schools throughout the country. Sciences and Art disciplines have been introduced at the third stage. Compulsory religious education at the third stage has been prohibited for all elementary education schools. Content of elementary education at the third stage has been concretized by elementary education schools committees, Ministry of People Education and its commissions.
16
Cameron, Ian. "William Roye’s A Brefe Dialoge bitwene a Christen Father and his stobborne Sonne: the First Protestant Catechism Published in English ed. by Douglas H. Parker and Bruce Krajewski". ESC: English Studies in Canada 29, n. 1-2 (2003): 238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/esc.2003.0018.
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Zubrzycka-Maciąg, Teresa. "Young People's Expectations Towards a High School Catechist − Research Report". Roczniki Teologiczne 69, n. 11EV (2 giugno 2023): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rt2269002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
English translation. The original article can be found here
Religion teachers play a unique role in educating the young generation. In addition to the tasks assigned to all teachers in general, they are to support students in their spiritual development, conditioning their ability to understand themselves, build their own identity, and give meaning to their lives. Catechists face a difficult task, because young people, although they are very interested in religion and spirituality, also have many doubts, questions, and dilemmas in this sphere. The article aims to present the expectations of high school students towards catechists related to their personality traits, skills, psychosocial competencies, and their approach to pupils. Data obtained in a survey conducted with a group of 70 high school graduates show that young people need a catechist whom they can trust in the most important matter, which is the meaning of human life. Thus, they expect catechists to give a credible testimony of faith, have good substantive preparation, treat them subjectively like partners, and are ready to undertake an open dialogue with them.
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Parish, Maclaine, Gaelle Massoud, Dana Hazimeh, James Segars e Md Soriful Islam. "Green Tea in Reproductive Cancers: Could Treatment Be as Simple?" Cancers 15, n. 3 (30 gennaio 2023): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030862.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Green tea originates from the tea plant Camellia sinensis and is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide. Green tea polyphenols, commonly known as catechins, are the major bioactive ingredients and account for green tea’s unique health benefits. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), is the most potent catechin derivative and has been widely studied for its pro- and anti-oxidative effects. This review summarizes the chemical and chemopreventive properties of green tea in the context of female reproductive cancers. A comprehensive search of PubMed and Google Scholar up to December 2022 was conducted. All original and review articles related to green tea or EGCG, and gynecological cancers published in English were included. The findings of several in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies examining the effect of green tea on reproductive cancers, including ovarian, cervical, endometrial, and vulvar cancers, are presented. Studies have shown that this compound targets specific receptors and intracellular signaling pathways involved in cancer pathogenesis. The potential benefits of using green tea in the treatment of reproductive cancers, alone or in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents, are examined, shedding light on new therapeutic strategies for the management of female reproductive cancers.
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Batomayena, Bakoma, Berke Benedicte, Diallo Aboudoulatif, Eklu-Gadegbeku Kwashie, Aklikokou Kodjo, Gbeassor Messanvi e Moore Nicholas. "Catechins as antidiabetic compounds of Bridelia ferruginea Benth root bark extract". Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy 10, n. 10 (31 ottobre 2018): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jpp2018.0528.
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astuti, Widy. "Viability and Tyrosinase Inhibition of Catechins Isolated from Uncaria gambir on B16F0 Cells". International Journal of Pharmacy and Biomedical Engineering 10, n. 3 (30 dicembre 2023): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23942576/ijpbe-v10i3p102.
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Zamani, Marzieh, Kambiz Rohampour, Maryam Zeraati, Narges Hosseinmardi e Mostafa Kazemian. "Pre-training Catechin gavage prevents memory impairment induced by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin in rats". Neurosciences 20, n. 3 (13 luglio 2015): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2015.3.20140440.
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Fan, Zhenzhen. "Effects of Dietary Tea Polyphenols on Epigallocatechin Gallate, Catechin, Egg Quality and Production of Gallus domestiaus". International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 25, n. 01 (1 gennaio 2021): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1648.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Effect of dietary tea polyphenol (TP) on the content of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), catechin (C) in egg yolk, and impact on egg quality and production was investigated. For this purpose, 315 healthy Gallus domestiaus aged 42 weeks were selected and randomly divided into 7 groups. The experimental group added 0.02, 0.05, 0.09, 0.14, 0.19 and 0.24% TP to the basic diet. The control group (CK) was fed basal diet. After 10, 20 and 30 days, 15 eggs were randomly selected from each group for egg quality testing, and 20 eggs were selected for EGCG and C content test in the yolk. The results showed that in the 0.24% TP group, the content of EGCG in egg yolk was significantly higher than that of CK group and the 0.02, 0.05, 0.09 and 0.14% TP groups (P < 0.05), and reached the highest on the 30th day (19.171μg/g). The content of C in egg yolk was significantly higher than that in CK group and the 0.02, 0.05, 0.09 and 0.14% TP groups (P < 0.05); and reached the highest on 30th day (7.071 μg/g). The egg weight of the 0.14% TP group on the 10th day and of the 0.19% TP group on the 20th day were significantly lower than that of the CK group (P < 0.05); the egg yolk weight of 0.14% TP on the 10th and 20th days were significantly lower than that of the CK group (P < 0.05). On the 30th day, compared with the control group, the egg weight of the 0.14% TP group was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), the egg yolk color of 0.05 and 0.14% TP groups was significantly increased (P < 0.05). During the whole experiment, the egg production of 0.24% TP group was significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, adding high concentrations of TP can increase the content of EGCG and C in the yolk; however, it has a certain impact on egg weight, yolk color and eggshell thickness. Adding high concentrations of TP may increase egg production. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
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Wang, F. "Catechin-enriched green tea extract as a safe and effective agent for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatment". African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5, n. 12 (29 settembre 2011): 1452–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajpp11.164.
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Blanco-Suárez, Zeltia. "Oh he is olde dogge at expoundingdeadesure at a Catechisme: Some considerations on the history of the intensifying adverbdeadin English". Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 46, n. 1 (2 gennaio 2014): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2014.956399.
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ISHIHARA, Chisato. "The Elementary Catechisms, English Grammar, 1850 : An Original of Igirisubunten Nicknamed “Konoha Bunten” (A Grammar of A Tree-Leaf) An Original Volume and a Copy of the First Japanese Edition Found Abroad". Historical English Studies in Japan, n. 40 (2007): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5024/jeigakushi.2008.37.
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Langat, Charles, Moses Hungu Gathaara e Richard Cheruiyot. "Comparative response of catechin levels in drought tolerant and drought susceptible tea clones (Camellia sinensis) (L) O. Kuntze under different moisture regimes". African Journal of Plant Science 9, n. 8 (30 agosto 2015): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajps2015.1282.
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Istino, Ferita, Fauza Hamda, Suliansyah Irfan, Gustian e Jamsari. "Characterization of specific random amplified polymorphic (RAPD) DNA fragments related to catechin content for early detection methods in gambier plant (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb.)". African Journal of Biotechnology 12, n. 15 (10 aprile 2013): 1736–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb12.2814.
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Michna, Gregory. "The Long Road to Sainthood: Indian Christians, the Doctrine of Preparation, and the Halfway Covenant of 1662". Church History 89, n. 1 (marzo 2020): 43–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640720000025.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis essay explores the origins and expansion of New England Praying Towns in the context of the ongoing theological and religious debates of 1646–1674. This period spawned significant debates regarding the extent of the Abrahamic covenant, the requirements for church membership, and the nature of conversion. The ministers present at the Synod of 1662 gathered to settle the question of “extended baptism,” an issue where Indian and English concerns intersected. Reformers who promoted a generational vision of church membership emphasized the efficacy of spiritual preparation for younger generations and the power of a broader and more inclusive church covenant. This development benefitted Algonquians living in Praying Towns because theological preparation validated efforts to catechize and instruct Praying Indians in religious matters. Likewise, a broadening vision of church membership enabled some colonists to consider the possibility that Indians might be included within their religious communities. These projects, launched before the formalization of the Halfway Covenant in 1662, presented a tangible example of spiritual preparation in practice and served to validate the conversionary process within the colony at large. English observers found Indian conversion impressive (or reacted with intense skepticism) because most theologians considered Indians unlikely converts, especially in larger numbers. For Algonquians demonstrating an interest in English spirituality, church membership represented a degree of parity with their New England brethren. Tracing the development of New England missions, the pathway to church membership, and the debates on both missions and extended baptism reveals both the possibilities and limits to the inclusion of Indian Christians within New England's religious institutions.
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Rizzi, Giovanni. "African and Rwandan Translations of the Bible". Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 27, n. 3(53) (21 settembre 2021): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.27.2021.53.05.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article offers a concise presentation of the project linked to the Library Fund of the Pontifical Urbaniana University, namely, to study the inculturation of the Christian faith by relating the documentation on the editions of the Bible to the catechisms in the territories entrusted to the pastoral care of the Congregation for Evangelization of peoples. The vastness of the project itself is marked today by the difficulty of using more extensive documentation than that present in the Fund of the same Library. However, more limited segments of the indicated material of interest can already be identified. More specifically, the African continent shows quite a varied phenomenology of the editions of the Bible: from translations of the Latin Vulgate into local languages, to translations from English or French, themselves translations from Latin. In the post-conciliar period, the translations of the Bible from the original biblical languages emerge. This is the case of the Kinyarwanda versions of the NT (1988, 1989) and of the OT-NT in a single volume (1990, 1992), in which, alongside pastoral purposes, the results of modern biblical exegesis are evident, to the point of proposing categorizations of literary bodies of biblical literature from an interconfessional and also interreligious perspective.
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Grane, Leif. "Grundtvigs forhold til Luther og den lutherske tradition". Grundtvig-Studier 49, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1998): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v49i1.16265.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Grundtvig's Relations with Luther and the Lutheran TraditionBy Leif GraneGrundtvig’s relations with Luther and the Lutheran tradition are essential in nearly the whole of Grundtvig’s lifetime. The key position that he attributed to Luther in connection with his religious crisis 1810-11, remained with the Reformer until the very last, though there were changes on the way in his evaluation of the Reformation.The source material is overwhelming. It comprises all Grundtvig’s historical and church historical works, but also a large number of his theological writings, besides a number of his poems and hymns. Prior to Grundtvig’s lifelong occupation with Luther there had been a rejection of tradition as he had met with it in the Conservative supranaturalism. After the Romantic awakening at Egeløkke and the subsequent »Asarus« (the- ecstatic immersion in Nordic mythology), over the religious crisis 1810-1811, when Grundtvig thought he was »returning« to Luther, it was a different Luther from the one he had left a few years before. Though Grundtvig emphasizes the infallibility of the Bible, it is wrong to describe him as »Lutheran-Orthodox« in the traditional sense. In Grundtvig’s interpretation, Luther is above all the guarantee of the view of history he had acquired in his Romantic period, but given his own personal stamp, as it appeared in slightly different ways in the World Chronicles of 1812 and 1817. There already he turns against the theologization of the message of the Reformation that set in with the confessional writings. Ever since he maintained the view of the Reformation that he expounds in the two World Chronicles, though the evaluation of it changed somewhat, especially after 1825.The church view that Grundtvig presented for the first time in »Kirkens Gienmæle« (The Rejoinder of the Church), and which he explained in detail in »Om den sande Christendom« (About True Christianity) and »Om Christendommens Sandhed« (About the Truth of Christianity), was bound to lead to a conflict (as it did) with the Protestant »Scripturalism«, and thus to clarity about the disagreement with Luther. This conflict attained a greater degree of precision with the distinctions between church and state, and church and school, as they were presented in »Skal den lutherske Reformation virkelig fortsættes?« (Should the Lutheran Reformation Really Be Continued? 1830), but it was not really until the publication of the third part of »Haandbog I Verdens-Historien« (Handbook in World History) that the view of church history and of Luther’s place in it, inspired by the congregational letters in the Apocalypse, was presented, in order to be more closely developed, partly in poetical form in »Christenhedens Syvstjeme« (The Seven Star of Christendom), partly in lectures in »Kirke-Spejl« (Church Mirror).Grundtvig had to reject orthodoxy since the genuineness of Baptism and Eucharist depended on their originating from Christ Himself. Nothing of universal validity could therefore have come into existence in the 16th century.Thus the evaluation of Luther and Lutheranism must depend on how far Lutheranism corresponded to what all Christians have in common. Luther is praised for the discovery that only the Word and the Spirit must reign in the church. It is understandable therefore that Luther had to break down the false idea of the church that had prevailed since Cyprian, and Grundtvig remained unswervingly loyal to him. But he cannot avoid the question why Luther’s work crumbled after his death. The answer is that it crumbled because of »Scripturalism« which Grundtvig considers a spurious inheritance from Alexandrian theology. We must maintain Luther’s faith which centres on all that is fundamentally Christian, but not his theological method.Grundtvig believes that with his criticism of Luther he is really closer to him than those who are cringing admirers of him. Grundtvig confesses himself to having committed the mistake of confusing the Bible with Christianity, and he cannot exempt Luther from a great responsibility for this aberration. All the same, in Luther’s case the wrong Yet Luther was induced to want to make his own experiences universally valid since he did not understand that his own use of the Scriptures could not possibly be right for every man. Here Grundtvig is on the track of the individualism which to him is an inevitable consequence of Scripturalism: everybody reads as he knows best. It was not in school, but in church that he saw Luther’s great and imperishable achievement.So while Grundtvig cannot exempt Luther from some responsibility for an unfortunate development in the relation between church and school, he is very anxious to exempt him from any responsibility for the assumption of power in the church by the princes, which is due, in his opinion, to a conspiracy between the princes and the theologians with a view to tying the peoples to the symbolical books.In the development of Grundtvig’s view of church history it turns out that the interest in the national, cultural and civic significance of the Reformation has not decreased after he has given up fighting for a Christian culture. The Reformation must, as must church history on the whole, be seen in the context of the histories of the peoples. Therefore, if it is not to be pure witchcraft, it must have its foundation deep in the Middle Ages.Grundtvig points to what he calls »the new Christendom«: from the English and the Germans to the North. Viewed in that light, the Reformation is a struggle for a Christian life, a folkelig life of the people, and enlightenment.Though the 17th century wrenched all life out of what was bom in the 16th, and the 18th century abandoned both Christianity and folkelig life altogether, it was of great significance for culture and enlightenment that the people was made familiar with Luther’s catechism, Bible and hymn book. What was fundamentally Christian survived, while folkelig life lay dormant.The Reformation was unfinished, and its completion must wait until the end of time. But compulsion is approaching the end, and the force of the Reformation in relation to mother tongue and folkelig life manifests itself more strongly than ever before, Gmndtvig believes. What is fundamentally Christian in Luther must be maintained and carried onwards, while the Christian enlightenment, i.e. theology, depends on the time in question.Life is the same, but the light is historically determined. With this concept of freedom, which distinguishes between the faith in Christ as permanent and the freedom of the Holy Ghost that liberates us from being tied to the theology of the old, Gmndtvig may convincingly claim that it is he who – with his criticism - is loyal to Luther, i.e. to »the most excellent Father in Christ since the days of the Apostles«.
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da Veiga Correia, Vinícius Tadeu, Pâmela Rocha da Silva, Carla Mariele Silva Ribeiro, Ana Luiza Coeli Cruz Ramos, Ana Carolina do Carmo Mazzinghy, Viviane Dias Medeiros Silva, Afonso Henrique Oliveira Júnior et al. "An Integrative Review on the Main Flavonoids Found in Some Species of the Myrtaceae Family: Phytochemical Characterization, Health Benefits and Development of Products". Plants 11, n. 20 (21 ottobre 2022): 2796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11202796.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This integrative review aims to identify the main flavonoids present in some species of the Myrtaceae family. Studies published between 2016 and 2022 were selected, specifically those which were fully available and written in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, and which were related to the fruits araçá (Psidium cattleianum), cambuí (Myrciaria floribunda), gabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa), jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora), and jambolan (Syzygium cumini). Scientific studies were gathered and selected in Google Scholar, Scielo, and Science Direct indexed databases, out of which 14 were about araçá, 7 concerned cambuí, 4 were about gabiroba, 29 were related to jabuticaba, and 33 concerned jambolan, when we observed the pre-established inclusion criteria. Results showed that the anthocyanins, such as cyanidin, petunidin, malvidin, and delphinidin, were the mostly identified class of flavonoids in plants of the Myrtaceae family, mainly relating to the purple/reddish color of the evaluated fruits. Other compounds, such as catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, and rutin were also identified in different constituent fractions, such as leaves, peel, pulp, seeds, and in developed products, such as jams, desserts, wines, teas, and other beverages. It is also worth noting the positive health effects verified in these studies, such as anti-inflammatory qualities for jambolan, antidiabetic qualities for gabiroba, antioxidant qualities for araçá, and cardioprotective actions for jabuticaba, which are related to the presence of these phytochemicals. Therefore, it is possible to point out that flavonoids are important compounds in the chemical constitution of the studied plants of the Myrtaceae family, with promising potential in the development of new products by the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries due to their bioactive properties.
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Trisna Wulandari, Winda, Gina Nur Fitria Mulyana Putri, Hisni Nurul Fajri, Indah Alvina Damayanti, Silvia Rahmawati e Dina Lestari. "NARRATIVE REVIEW TANAMAN YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI IMMUNOMODULATOR". JFL : Jurnal Farmasi Lampung 10, n. 1 (30 giugno 2021): 25–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37090/jfl.v10i1.494.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) is an infectious disease caused by the acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2. Currently, the COVID-19 disease outbreak is experienced by various countries around the world, including Indonesia. In overcoming it, there are several ways of deterrence that can be done, such as by increasing the body's immunity. During the COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining immunity is something that needs to be considered. In addition to vitamins, herbal plants that have the potential as immunomodulators can also be consumed. Therefore, through efforts to improve theimmune system, this review aims to obtain plants that have the potential as immunomodulators to enhance the immune system during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method in the review used journals available online at Google Scholar with Sinta or Garuda accredited journals. The main focus of this review is herbal plants that have a role as an immunomodulator that can improve the body's immune system. The journals used are journals published in 2011-2021 with inclusion criteria, namely using Indonesian or English about plants that have the potential as immunomodulators, then the journalsobtained are analyzed. The results obtained were 30 types of plants that have potential as immune system enhancers including Dayak Onion Tubers, Papaya Leaves, Kecombrang Fruits, Pineapple Fruits, Kesambi, Soursop Leaves, Purslane, Garlic, Dates, Celery Leaves, Andaliman, Mahkota Dewa Fruit. , Moringa, Meniran, Noni Fruit, Gotu Kola, Sambiloto, Kiseureuh, Javanese Chili, Tempuyung Leaves, Basil Leaves, Ceplukan, Seaweed, Neem Leaves, Red Betel Leaf, Salam Leaves, Guava, Turmeric, Lime and Red Ginger Rhizome with compounds that act as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, triterpenoids,xeronin, tannins, quersentin, -tocopherol, lycopene, catechins, diterpenoids, deoxyandrographolide, andrographolide, epicatechin isothiocyanate and curcumin.
Keywords: COVID-19, Potency of Immumodulator Plants, Flavonoids
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I Nyoman Paska, Paskalis Edwin, e Laurensius Laka. "Pengaruh Lingkungan Sosial Terhadap Self-Regulated Learning Siswa". SAPA - Jurnal Kateketik dan Pastoral 5, n. 2 (30 novembre 2020): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53544/sapa.v5i2.133.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
English:
The final outcome of a catechesis is determined not only by the content and learning method but also by the attitude of the students who accept it, including whether the student has self-regulated learning (SRL). The relationship between self-regulated learning (SRL) and learning achievement has been widely revealed in previous studies, but how the influence of the social environment to the SRL strategy of SMK students in Indonesia, still leaves a question. This study was made to determine whether there is an effect of parental involvement, peer support, and teacher support on students' SRL strategy in SMK Bhakti. This quantitative research takes data using probability sampling techniques, with the stratified random sampling method. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) variance-based, namely Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM), considering that there are variables with reflective and formative indicators in one research model. The findings of this study indicate that simultaneously Parental Involvement, Peer Support, and Teacher Support are significant predictors of SRL Strategy. In addition, partially, the three exogenous variables (Parental Involvement, Peer Support, and Teacher Support), each of them also shows a significant influence on SRL Strategy. Teacher support made the largest contribution, followed by Peer Support, and Parental Involvement as the smallest contributors. Catechists need to realize the importance of growing SRL for the students when doing catechesis.
Indonesia:
Hasil akhir sebuah katekese ditentukan bukan saja oleh isi dan metode pembelajarannya melainkan juga oleh sikap siswa yang menerimanya, antara lain apakah siswa tersebut memiliki self-regulated learning (SRL). Hubungan antara self-regulated learning (SRL) dan prestasi belajar telah banyak diungkap dalam penelitian-penelitian terdahulu, tetapi seperti apakah pengaruh lingkungan sosial terhadap strategi SRL siswa SMK, di Indonesia, masih menyisakan tanda tanya. Penelitian ini dibuat untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh Keterlibatan Orang tua, Dukungan Teman Sebaya, dan Dukungan Guru terhadap Strategi SRL siswa di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Bhakti Luhur. Penelitian kuantitatif ini mengambil data dengan menggunakan teknik probability sampling, dengan metode stratified random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) berbasis varians, yaitu Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM), mengingat terdapat variabel dengan indikator reflektif dan formatif di dalam satu model penelitian. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan, secara simultan Keterlibatan Orang tua, Dukungan Teman Sebaya, dan Dukungan Guru merupakan prediktor-prediktor signifikan dari Strategi SRL. Selain itu, secara parsial, ketiga exogenous variable (Keterlibatan Orang tua, Dukungan Teman Sebaya, dan Dukungan Guru), masing-masing juga menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan terhadap Strategi SRL. Dukungan Guru memberikan kontribusi yang terbesar, disusul Dukungan Teman Sebaya, dan Keterlibatan Orang tua sebagai kontributor yang paling kecil. Katekis perlu menyadari pentingnya menumbuhkan SRL dalam diri siswa ketika melakukan katekese.
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De Carvalho Mendes, Thamires, e Tamires Da Cunha Soares. "Efeitos da Ingestão do Chá Verde (Camellia sinensis) Sobre Parâmetros do Perfil Lipídico: uma Revisão Integrativa". Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde 25, n. 3 (29 settembre 2021): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2021v25n3p302-308.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A dislipidemia é um distúrbio metabólico que afeta a homeostase lipídica no organismo, sendo considerado o principal fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares. Pesquisadores têm buscado compreender de que forma o consumo de fitoterápicos ricos em compostos antioxidantes e anti-inflamatórios, a exemplo do chá verde, podem atuar sobre o metabolismo lipídico. Objetivou-se realizar uma revisão integrativa, que reúna achados científicos a respeito dos efeitos do consumo de chá verde (Camellia sinensis) sobre o perfil lipídico. A busca bibliográfica ocorreu na base de dados Medline/PUBMED, assim como no Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), utilizando os descritores: “Camellia sinensis”, “chá verde”, “perfil lipídico”, “catequinas”, “flavonoides”, “lipídeos”, “dislipidemias” e “hiperlipidemias”, além de seus correspondentes na Língua Inglesa. Foram selecionados dez artigos que abordavam pesquisas sobre os efeitos metabólicos do consumo do chá verde em indivíduos saudáveis ou acometidos de patologias. A suplementação do fitoterápico mostrou reduzir parâmetros do perfil lipídico, como: colesterol total, triacilgliceróis, LDL-c, além de aumentar o HDL-c sanguíneos. Ademais, o chá verde também contribuiu, indiretamente, para o controle da homeostase lipídica, pois esteve associado à mitigação do peso corporal, IMC, estresse oxidativo, inflamação e peroxidação lipídica. É necessária a realização de estudos que esclareçam melhor a participação dos compostos bioativos presentes no chá verde no metabolismo lipídico, em âmbito molecular, e que busquem compreender quais as repercussões do consumo desse fitoterápico em longo prazo. Palavras-chave: Fitoterapia. Camellia sinensis. Metabolismo. Lipídeos. Abstract Dyslipidemia is a metabolic disorder that affects lipid homeostasis in the organism, being considered the main risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Researchers have sought to understand how the f herbal medicines consumption rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, such as green tea, can act on lipid metabolism. The objective was to carry out a systematic review that brings together scientific findings regarding the effects of green tea consumption (Camellia sinensis) on the lipid profile. The bibliographic search occurred in the Medline / PUBMED database, as well as in the Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library (VHL), using the descriptors “Camellia sinensis”, “green tea”, “lipid profile”, “catechins”, “flavonoids”,“ Lipids ”,“ dyslipidemias” and “hyperlipidemias”, including their English counterparts. Ten articles were selected that addressed research on the metabolic effects of green tea consumption in healthy individuals or those with pathologies. Herbal supplementation has shown to reduce lipid profile parameters such as total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, LDL-c, in addition to increasing blood HDL-c. Moreover, green tea also indirectly contributed to the lipid homeostasis control, as it has been associated with the reduction of body weight, BMI, oxidative stress, inflammation and lipid peroxidation. It is necessary to carry out studies that better clarify the bioactive compounds participation present in green tea on lipid metabolism at the molecular level and that seek to understand the repercussions of the consumption of this herbal medicine in the long term. Keywords: Phytotherapy. Camellia sinensis. Lipid Metabolism. Lipids.
35
Heron, Alasdair I. C. "Calvin and the confessions of the Reformation". HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 70, n. 1 (20 febbraio 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v70i1.2084.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article discusses the complicated question of the connection between Calvin and the confessions of the Presbyterian Reformed tradition. Firstly, a contrast is drawn to the question of the connection between Luther and the Lutheran confessions. It is noted that here a closed canon of Lutheran confessions exists, and Luther himself wrote three of the documents. On the other hand, there is no closed canon of Reformed confessions. However, there is a broad consensus concerning which Reformed confessions from the 16th century are classical. In this article a synopsis is provided of this list, and it is discovered that Calvin himself only wrote one of the classical Reformed confessional documents, although he influenced some others. The article then continues to discuss Calvin’s own contribution, his Catechism of 1542/1545. The historical context of writing in which this Catechism is sketched, its use in Geneva is described, and the outline of the Catechism is mentioned. The article continues to discuss why Calvin thought there was a need for a catechism, and why he wrote it in Latin and sent it to East Friesland. In conclusion the author explains why he has discussed Calvin’s Catechism, instead of focusing on the English Confession of 1556.
36
Chen, Jiangyu, Huijia Shen e Shuhang Hu. "A Survey Study of a Catechism Course in Academic English Writing". Education Quarterly Reviews 6, n. 3 (30 settembre 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.31014/aior.1993.06.03.771.
Testo completo
37
Oh, Amanda. "The Latitudinarian Influence on Early English Liberalism". SMU Journal of Undergraduate Research 5, Spring 2020 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.25172/jour5.1.6.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper takes the unexpected position that early liberal thought developed in transformative events within the Anglican Church during the second half of the seventeenth century. The historical evolution of religion laid the foundation of English political and intellectual philosophy, as supported by works written by the branch of Anglican churchmen known as the Latitudinarians. I will argue that these ministers were foremost in advancing the argument for religious toleration because their religious writings held political consequence. Toleration was the principle value of liberalism in the late seventeenth century because the problem of Dissenters was so pertinent to English religious life. In contrast to the official Anglican Church policy of intolerance of anything that did not conform to the official catechism of the Church, the Latitudinarian minsters-turned-bishops encouraged toleration and accommodation of religious thought in their sermons, ideals they based on their novel understanding of individuality, rationality, and theology. While not Dissenters themselves, the sympathy of these clergymen for Dissenters was evident in their pamphlets, books, and sermons.
38
"William Roye: a brefe dialoge bitwene a Christen father and his stobborne sonne: the first Protestant catechism published in English". Choice Reviews Online 37, n. 06 (1 febbraio 2000): 37–3318. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.37-3318.
Testo completo
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Hoekstra, Eric. "BRITTING, THE MAGICIAN - OF TRICKSTERS AND DOPES, AND DECEPTIVE STORYLINES". European Journal of Literary Studies 4, n. 1 (25 novembre 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejls.v4i1.389.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Frisian writer Tsjibbe Gearts van der Meulen (1824-1906) wrote a short story entitled "Britting, the magician. A memoir", which is argued to constitute a literary masterpiece. In this story, Van der Meulen presents a seemingly innocent memoir about a stranger, Britting, and his wife, who spend some time in Burgum, Van der Meulen’s home town. A second storyline features a very humorous description of catechism conducted by the pastor of the local church. Upon closer inspection, the two storylines reveal a complex interaction, full of biblical allusions, which are used to convey Van der Meulen’s deeply cynical world view. In this world view, humanity consists of tricksters and dopes, featuring the church’s pastor and Britting the magician as supreme examples of tricksters. The literary analysis presented here is meant to unravel the winding paths of Van der Meulen’s incidental genius as a story-teller, revealing the wealth and complexity of the interacting allusions between the two storylines. Van der Meulen’s style is very similar to that of Laurence Sterne in Tristram Shandy. The article has an appendix containing an English translation of Van der Meulen's masterpiece.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0227/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
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"The changes of content of education in great Britain in the 19 th century during the period of foundation of national system of education". Scientific Notes of the Pedagogical Department, n. 46 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2074-8167-2020-46-02.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article investigates the issue of the experience in theory and practice of organizing of national system of education in Great Britain during the 19 th century. Special attention is given to the education content. The role of changing content at three stages of education in the process of foundation of national system of education has been defined according to social and political, cultural and pedagogical prerequisites. The content components of education at three stages of the foundation of national system of education in Great Britain in the 19 th century have been analyzed. Lack of common, compulsory and legal content at first two stages has been proved. Dependence of education content on the types of education schools and pupils social classes of Great Britain of the 19 th century has been determined. General orientation of education content at three stages of formation of national system of education has been identified. It is concluded that content of education at three stages has its own characteristics. The main disciplines are Writing, Arithmetic, Reading Catechism and CraG. Secondary disciplines are the Sciences. Condensed character of education at the first two stages has been denoted. Education content was characterized by case studies on English, it was based on work education and teaching of writing, reading and arithmetic at the third stage. It was a lack of common curriculum in the education schools at first two stages. One of the significant disadvantages of education content at the first two stages is the prohibition of learning national languages at schools of Scotland and Wales. Education content at the third stage has been expanded by compulsory curriculum in English writing, reading and arithmetic for all schools of national system of education throughout the country. Sciences and Art disciplines have been introduced at the third stage. Compulsory religious education at the third stage has been prohibited for all education schools. Content of education at the third stage has been concretized by education schools committees, Ministry of People Education and its commissions.
41
Gasparillo, Ryan. "Forming The Youth in and for The Liturgy in The Light of St. Pope John Paul Ii’s Apostolic". Scientia - The International Journal on the Liberal Arts 10, n. 1 (30 marzo 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.57106/scientia.v10i1.129.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper is an exploration of the elements for developing a program of liturgical formation according to the principles and themes indicated in Pope John Paul II’s Dilecti Amici. It is in line with the celebration of the 2019 Year of the Youth, as it endeavors to get to know the youth better in view of ministering to them more effectively. Indicated in the paper is a general overview of the current situation of the youth, highlighting such features as those pertinent to their interests and capacity for liturgical participation. By learning the proper exercise of their ministry and being imbued with the true spirit of the liturgy, they will be able to bring themselves and the people whom they serve to a more devout and fruitful participation in liturgical celebrations. The paper offered an exposition of Pope John Paul II’s Apostolic Letter Dilecti Amici to bring to clearer light his vision for young people in and for the Church and cues that are pertinent and relevant for the liturgical formation of the youth today. Moreover, the paper articulates some considerations and indications for forming young people in and for the liturgy to help them grow spiritually in their formative years and thus equip them with the needed skills and values to make a positive impact on the Church and on the society both now and in their future.
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Pope Francis to the young people in celebration of Apostolic Journey to Rio de Janeiro on the occasion of the 28th World Youth Day, presented during the prayer vigil with the young people on 27 July 2013 at Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro. in <http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/speeches/2013/july/documents/papafrancesco_20130727_gmg-veglia-giovani.html>
Raas, B., "Ministries," in Liturgy, Ministries and the Bible, Manila 1992, 77-131.
Second Vatican Council, Constitution Sacrosanctum Concilium on the Sacred Liturgy (4 December 1963): AAS 56 (1964) 97-138. Eng. tr.: Vatican Council II. The Conciliar and Post-Conciliar Documents, ed. Flannery, 1-36.
Second Vatican Council, “Declaration Gravissimum Educationis on Christian Education (28 October 1965),” AAS 58 (1966) 728-739. Eng. tr.: Vatican Council II, ed. Flannery, 725-737.
Second Vatican Council, "Dogmatic Constitution Lumen Gentium on the Church (21 November 1964)," in Vatican Council II. The Conciliar and Post Conciliar Documents, Vol. 1, ed. A. Flannery, New York 1996, 350-426.
Second Vatican Council, "Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et Spes on the Church in the Modern World: AAS (1965). Eng. tr.: Vatican Council II, ed. Flannery, 903-1014.
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Castle, Chase. "Sonic Domination and the Politics of Race in Southern Antebellum Hymnody". Journal of the Society for American Music, 18 ottobre 2023, 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752196323000275.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Religious music served a political function in the southern United States during the antebellum period. This article examines catechisms and hymnbooks used by white evangelical missionaries and slaveowners in the antebellum South, arguing that the planter elite deployed hymns as a medium to assert white supremacy. The term sonic domination identifies processes whereby sound functioned as a social tool to maintain discipline and order among the enslaved population. Black and white people sang hymns in church, at interracial revivals, and during civic services; they were also heard on bells and cited in poetry. English texts and tunes included in slave catechisms and white portrayals of Black singing highlight the role of evangelical hymns in maintaining plantation order in the Old South. At the same time, enslaved Black Christians found creative ways to circumvent the oppressive power of the white elite through song. African Americans employed English hymns in their own religious rituals and used them to convey hidden meanings on the plantation. Both genres, which interacted and ultimately influenced each other, contributed to an eventual codification of American evangelical hymnody.
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Mohammadhasani, Kimia, Mohammad Vahedi Fard, Ali Mottaghi Moghaddam Shahri e Zahra Khorasanchi. "Polyphenols improve non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease via gut microbiota: A comprehensive review". Food Science & Nutrition, 7 giugno 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.4178.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractPolyphenols, natural micronutrients derived from plants, are valued for their anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The escalating global prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) underscores its status as a chronic progressive liver condition. Furthermore, the dysregulation of gut microbiota (GM) is implicated in the onset and progression of NAFLD through the actions of metabolites such as bile acids (BAs), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), choline, and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Additionally, GM may influence the integrity of the intestinal barrier. This review aims to evaluate the potential effects of polyphenols on GM and intestinal barrier function, and their subsequent impact on NAFLD. We searched through a wide range of databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus to gather information for our non‐systematic review of English literature. GM functions and composition can be regulated by polyphenols such as chlorogenic acid, curcumin, green tea catechins, naringenin, quercetin, resveratrol, and sulforaphane. Regulating GM composition improves NAFLD by alleviating inflammation, liver fat accumulation, and liver enzymes. Furthermore, it improves serum lipid profile and gut barrier integrity. All of these components affect NAFLD through the metabolites of GM, including SCFAs, choline, LPS, and BAs. Current evidence indicates that chlorogenic acid, resveratrol, quercetin, and curcumin can modulate GM, improving intestinal barrier integrity and positively impacting NAFLD. More studies are necessary to evaluate the safety and efficacy of naringenin, sulforaphane, and catechin.
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Hawke, John. "The Scholastique Catechisme of Tristram Sugge: Reconciling Ecclesial and Monarchical Authority During the English Civil Wars". Seventeenth Century, 14 settembre 2020, 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0268117x.2020.1814398.
Testo completo
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Kunal Mnaje, Onkar Shinde, Sanket Jawale e Inamdar Minaj. "A Review of Tridax Procumbens a Weed: Review". International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, 21 dicembre 2022, 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-7750.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tridax procumbens Linn (Compositae) is a weed that can be found all throughout India. Tropical Africa, Asia, and Australia have all adopted the plant as their own. It is originally from tropical America. Locals refer to it as "Ghamara," and some Ayurvedic practitioners prescribe it for "Bhringraj" (often known as "coat buttons" in English). Alkaloids, carotenoids, flavonoids (catechins and flavones), fumaric acid, fl-sitosterol, saponins, and tannins were all found throughout the phytochemical screening. It is incredibly rich in ions including sodium, potassium, and calcium as well as carotenoids, saponins, and olcanolic acid. From its blooms, luteolin, glucoluteolin, quercetin, and isoquercetin have all been identified. It is well-known for a variety of pharmacological effects, including hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, antidiabetic, hypotensive, immunomodulating, bronchial catarrh, dysentery, diarrhoeal, and fall prevention.
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Yang, Kailin, Junpeng Chen, Tianqing Zhang, Xiao Yuan, Anqi Ge, Shanshan Wang, Hao Xu, Liuting Zeng e Jinwen Ge. "Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenol supplementation in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Frontiers in Immunology 13 (9 settembre 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.949746.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BackgroundDietary polyphenol treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a novel direction, and the existing clinical studies have little effective evidence for its therapeutic effect, and some studies have inconsistent results. The effectiveness of dietary polyphenols in the treatment of NAFLD is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of oral dietary polyphenols in patients with NAFLD.MethodsThe literature (both Chinese and English) published before 30 April 2022 in PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, CNKI, and other databases on the treatment of NAFLD with dietary polyphenols was searched. Manual screening, quality assessment, and data extraction of search results were conducted strictly according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform the meta-analysis.ResultsThe RCTs included in this study involved dietary supplementation with eight polyphenols (curcumin, resveratrol, naringenin, anthocyanin, hesperidin, catechin, silymarin, and genistein) and 2,173 participants. This systematic review and meta-analysis found that 1) curcumin may decrease body mass index (BMI), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Triglycerides (TG) total cholesterol (TC), and Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) compared to placebo; and curcumin does not increase the occurrence of adverse events. 2) Although the meta-analysis results of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) did not reveal significant positive changes, individual RCTs showed meaningful results. 3) Naringenin significantly decreased the percentage of NAFLD grade, TG, TC, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) but had no significant effect on AST and ALT, and it is a safe supplementation. 4) Only one team presents a protocol about anthocyanin (from Cornus mas L. fruit extract) in the treatment of NAFLD. 5) Hesperidin may decrease BMI, AST, ALT, TG, TC, HOMA-IR, and so on. 6) Catechin may decrease BMI, HOMA-IR, and TG level, and it was well tolerated by the patients. 7) Silymarin was effective in improving ALT and AST and reducing hepatic fat accumulation and liver stiffness in NAFLD patients.ConclusionBased on current evidence, curcumin can reduce BMI, TG, TC, liver enzymes, and insulin resistance; catechin can reduce BMI, insulin resistance, and TG effectively; silymarin can reduce liver enzymes. For resveratrol, naringenin, anthocyanin, hesperidin, and catechin, more RCTs are needed to further evaluate their efficacy and safety.
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Teketwe, Kimeze. "The Woman between Us: Sarah Nakimu Nalwanga and the Founding of Uganda’s Anglican Tradition". Journal of Anglican Studies, 22 settembre 2023, 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740355323000517.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract There has always been a debate about the location and role of women during the persecution of Christians under Mwanga II’s first reign as Kabaka of Buganda. Kabaka is the Luganda equivalent of the English word king. The debate is partly fueled by a total absence of women from the pictures of Ugandans historically referred to as the Uganda Martyrs. This paper uses archival research to tell the story of an African woman who, in her adult life, married two devout Anglicans, in whose lives she was actively involved, laying a foundation for Uganda’s Anglican tradition. Evidence shows the first Anglican baptism, teacher and burial in Uganda are traced to her first marriage, which ended in early 1884 with the death of her husband from smallpox. Nakimu Nalwanga Sarah would have been the first martyr if not for the timely discovery that she was Mwanga’s relative. Still, as a punishment, she was ordered to witness the cruel burning of the first martyrs on January 31, 1885. She married again in a marriage that produced Uganda’s first catechist, deacon and priest. Her second husband was part of a team that completed the translation of the first Luganda Bible in 1895.
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Dircksen, Marianne R., e Victor Houliston. "Jews in the Society of Jesus: Claudio Acquaviva and his critics". In die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi 57, n. 1 (20 dicembre 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ids.v57i1.2971.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Spanish origins of the Society of Jesus entailed a sensitivity about the Jewish ancestry of many of its members. This article examines the decision taken by the Fifth General Congregation of the Society (1593–1594) to exclude persons of Jewish descent (conversos), in light of strong criticism voiced by three leading Jesuits: Robert Persons (1546–1610), superior of the English mission, Diego de Guzmán (c.1522–1606), a noted Spanish preacher and catechist, and Antonio Possevino (1533–1611), an Italian Jesuit involved in high-level diplomacy. This article analyses selected correspondence in which they confronted the superior general, Claudio Acquaviva (1543–1615, in office 1580–1615), questioning the argument that conversos inhibited the work of the Society. The writers’ rhetorical strategies include logical argument and practical demonstration as well as appeals to ethos and pathos through personal experience and dramatised precedent, hoping to shame the general into moderating the policy. Acquaviva’s resistance to their persuasion is explained by his need to retain the support of the Spanish royal court in asserting his authority over dissident Jesuits in Spain as well as to sustain his project to increase the effectiveness of the Society through internal coherence and tight organisation.Contribution: The article illustrates the use of rhetorical strategies to reinforce the biblical principle of racial equality within the Society of Jesus in the Reformation era.
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Mali, Dr Pranita Pravin, D. V. Kulkarni e D. B. More. "UNDERSTANDING THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF MAMAJJAKA (ENICOSTEMMA LITTORALE BLUME) AS A DIETARY SUPPLEMENT IN DIABETES MELLITUS." National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science 6, n. 3 (25 aprile 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.52482/ayurlog.v6i3.102.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Enicostemma littorale Blume, also known as Mamajjaka in Sanskrit, Indian gentian in English and “Kadavinay†in local language, is a perennial herb of Gentianaceae family. The plant parts like leaves and roots are used since ages in various parts of India for treating diabetes. It is widely used in Solapur and Osmanabad districts of Maharashtra, in the form of “leaf pickle†as a dietary supplement in diabetic patient. Acharya Priyavat Sharma has described it as useful in madhumeha. Mamajjaka has a predominance of Tikta rasa, Ushna virya, Katu vipaka, Laghu-Ruksha guna and Vayu-Aakash mahabhuta. It’s an easily available and economically important herb. Different constituents of Mamajjaka, like Swertiamarin, Flavonoids, Saponins, triterpenoids, alkaloids, catechins, sterols, phenolic acids and xanthones, have been reported for possessing hypoglycemic properties. In-vivo, anti-hyperglycemic effect of Mamajjaka has been established, through enhancing glucose-induced insulin release, reducing the glycosylated hemoglobin and by inhibiting the action of glucose-6-phosphate in liver. As, all previous studies have established the significant potentials of Mamajjaka both in Type-1 and Type-2 diabetes, in this study we have reviewed the pharmaco-kinetics of Mamajjaka, keeping in mind the scientific basis of traditional use of Mamajjaka mainly as diet in diabetes. We have established the role of panchabhautic constitution of Mamajjaka as a dietary supplement for the diabetic patients. We have concluded that Mamajjaka, being cost-effective and easily available medicinal herb possessing hypoglycemic properties, can be used as an excellent vegetable in diabetic patients as a dietary supplement.
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Prasad, Sonal, e Tabish Qidwai. "Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibition properties and Antioxidant effects of plants and their bioactive compounds as cardio protective agent". Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 19 (13 maggio 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180819666220513115923.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases are being increased, researchers are trying to explore effective preventive and treatment options. Antioxidant effects and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors demonstrated cardioprotective effects. Many herbs and plants have shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and ACE inhibition properties in preventing and treating cardiac-related disorders. Therefore, the exploration of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, quercetin, kaempferol, isoflavones, and catechin needs to be explored as potential ACE inhibitors and antioxidants in preventing and treating cardiac-related diseases. Objective: The present study is designed to investigate the cardio-protective potential of important bioactive compounds from plants and herbs. Method: Articles were collected from electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct using the keywords antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, ACE inhibition and antihypertensive properties of plants and herbs. In vitro and in vivo studies on animal models have been included in the current study. Articles published in languages other than English language were excluded and finally 100 manuscripts were included in this study. Results: Plants and herbs chosen for this study with abundant natural bioactive compounds have demonstrated ACE inhibition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive properties and can be an effective cardioprotective. Hence, it could pave a way for the development of new therapeutics that could be beneficial in treating cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: The current review focuses on herbs and plants possessing ACE inhibition, antioxidant, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, hyperaccumulating and antihypertensive properties with its ability to prevent the breakdown of ACE I enzyme into ACE enzyme II acting as ACE inhibitors and showing its strong potential as a cardio-protective agent. Also, it could support the development of new therapeutic agents to address cardiovascular problems.