Tesi sul tema "Énergies renouvelables – Production – Contrôle"
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Kébé, Abdoulaye. "Contribution au pré dimensionnement et au contrôle des unités de production d'énergie électrique en site isolé à partir des énergies renouvelables : Application au cas du Sénégal". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925530.
Kébé, Abdoulaye. "Contribution au pré dimensionnement et au contrôle des unités de production d’énergie électrique en site isolé à partir des énergies renouvelables : Application au cas du Sénégal". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112281/document.
The energy crisis characterized by the oil products price rising and the imperatives of sustainable development do that renewable energies are an alternative today witch attract the interest of several research teams. Senegal, sub-Saharan country, not oil producer is not spared by this crisis. The consequence of this is a low coverage of the country (especially rural areas) by the national grid. For solving this, the new orientation of the energy policy focuses on the use of renewable energy particularly solar and wind.The main objective of this thesis is to identify a methodology of design of an isolated site of electrical energy production from alternative energies It is consists on, from site characteristics (energy resources, energy requirements):- to develop an approach that allows the choice of network architecture and sizing optimally all components of the network (machines, sources and storage devices) taking into account all the constraints- to design a device for controlling components and managing the energy flowsThis thesis contains three chapters:- Chapter 1 - poses the problem of energy in Senegal. The institutional organization of the electricity sub-sector and the ongoing projects are presented. Also, a study of micro- architectures networks is made.- Chapter 2 deals with tools and software. A comparative study of the main software of analysis, design and simulation of micro- network is realized. The components of our system have been modeled. Optimization methods and tools for graphical representation (Bond Graph, GIC and EMR) systems were presented. A survey and a literature review allowed us to evaluate the energy potential of the site and the needs of populations.- Chapter 3: This is the application of our tool on an isolated site identified in Senegal (MBoro / Mer). Optimization through the Annualized Cost of the System (ACS) objective function has allowed us to scale our system optimally. As the control system with Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) has been designed.For further work should be considered a treatment of problems of availability of the system through monitoring and supervision of the system. The socio- economic component is also integrated in the future to meet the changing needs and habits of the population
Marzougui, Taher. "Réduction du coût énergétique d'un réseau d'irrigation agricole : optimisation de la facture, diagnostic de fuites et production énergétique locale à base des énergies renouvelables". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0742.
Water is abundant on earth, however, it is not evenly distributed on the globe. Thus, water distribution systems have been designed to meet different needs. In this context, to make fertile lands above the source, irrigation networks were implemented by operating pumping systems. However, pressurized networks are a source of huge energy expenditures and water losses that represent important economic issues. This is a major challenge for optimizing energy expenditure. The present thesis aims to analyze the energy cost of an irrigation network with application to the Carpentras canal.The objective of this work is to minimize the energy expenditure of the network. To do so, three approaches have been explored. Firstly, a study focused on the optimization of electricity contracts from an administrative point of view. The aim was to propose a methodology to optimize the cost of the electricity bill by acting on elements chosen by the operator. Secondly, a methodology for the detection and localization of possible leaks, in the irrigation network, is proposed. This method is based on the analysis of the circulation of water. Finally, a part was dedicated to the sizing of an energy production system based on the use of renewable sources
Ba, Mouhamadou Moustapha. "Système communicant pour le contrôle et la supervision prédictive de la co-production d’énergie photovoltaïque et éolienne". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2019_0226_BA.pdf.
The modeling, management and optimization of renewable energy production systems is currently a challenge to develop the smart city concept. The goal of this thesis is to develop an intelligent and autonomous management system for the control and predictive supervision of the co-production of renewable energies based on smart networked sensors where the optimization is one problematic integration. From experimental measurements, we prove that it is possible to optimally self-manage the electricity production of renewable energy installations according to a combined or superposed approach of predictive models where experimental measurements allowed to refine them. Particularly, we show the useful of the proposed approach for the photovoltaic and wind turbine installations in an urban zone according to real physical parameter measurements (temperature, humidity, etc.). More precisely, this work proposes one predictive model based on the Weibull function of the power production of polycristallins and amorphous PV systems, and one 2,4 kW micro-wind system in a specific urban zone. The proposed method is has been reinforced by the statistical analysis of real measured data by using the Dickey-Fuller (DF), Goldfeld & Quandt (GQ), Durbin Watson (DW) tests and the Engle & Granger’s method. This work has shown the relevance and originality of the models developed for the reliable prediction of energy production from experimental measurements under real conditions and obtained from the GREEN platform. In addition to modeling aspects, this work has also show that it possible to implement technological solutions based on communicating sensors for the collect of physical parameters under real-time supervision IHM given the real time photovoltaic and micro-wind power productions
Père, Valentin. "Contributions au contrôle et au dimensionnement des micro-réseaux par apprentissage par renforcement : application aux systèmes avec production renouvelable et stockage hybride batterie-hydrogène". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EMAC0018.
Combining photovoltaic panels with an electrochemical battery reduces the daily phase difference between electricity production and demand in a microgrid. For long-term electricity storage, the combined use of an electrolyzer, hydrogen storage and a fuel cell offers the possibility of conserving electricity produced in summer to meet increased winter demand. Optimal real-time control of microgrid storage units is hampered by random data and the non-linear dynamic behavior of the units over long time horizons. This work presents a methodology for sizing and controlling a microgrid comprising photovoltaic electricity production, a lithium-ion battery and hydrogen storage, based on economic, environmental and technical objectives. The sizing of the units in a microgrid establishes their constraints of use, while the criteria to be optimized for its sizing (such as the cost of energy, the rate of self-consumption, the probability of breakdowns) depend on the management of these units. This interdependence justifies the development of a sizing methodology coupled with long-term energy management algorithm. The management of a microgrid is influenced by random variables such as demand and the energy produced at any given time. Reinforcement learning is a sequential decision-making methodology based on a dynamic model of the system that can adapt its strategy to random data. As a first step, a reinforcement learning control methodology is adopted by integrating non-linearities such as the aging of the storage system. Reinforcement learning enabled the energy management system to maintain an effective unit control policy with respect to the targeted criteria. This effectiveness is maintained despite different data and a longer time horizon than those on which the model was built. The control strategies developed suggest that the advantages of long-term electricity storage depend on the characteristics of the microgrid, and in particular on the amplitude of demand and the capacity of the battery. The study shows that a compromise must be found between the economic profitability of the microgrid and the guarantee of its autonomy. A bi-level optimization method is developed to achieve optimal unit sizing and energy management. The control of the microgrid by reinforcement learning forms the inner loop, while unit sizing is carried out using a simulated-annealing algorithm in the main loop. Particular attention is paid to minimizing computing time, by developing a method for transferring control policy from one iteration of the main loop to another. Offline reinforcement learning has been used to learn unit control strategies without random interaction with the microgrid simulation. The strategies are learned by observing the control decisions made by a model trained on other sizing in previous iterations. The calculation time is reduces by over 50% and the quality of the control policy learned is not affected. The results are analyzed in regard to the objectives considered, the control strategy and the data incorporated into the microgrid simulation
Marzougui, Taher. "Réduction du coût énergétique d'un réseau d'irrigation agricole : optimisation de la facture, diagnostic de fuites et production énergétique locale à base des énergies renouvelables". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0742/document.
Water is abundant on earth, however, it is not evenly distributed on the globe. Thus, water distribution systems have been designed to meet different needs. In this context, to make fertile lands above the source, irrigation networks were implemented by operating pumping systems. However, pressurized networks are a source of huge energy expenditures and water losses that represent important economic issues. This is a major challenge for optimizing energy expenditure. The present thesis aims to analyze the energy cost of an irrigation network with application to the Carpentras canal.The objective of this work is to minimize the energy expenditure of the network. To do so, three approaches have been explored. Firstly, a study focused on the optimization of electricity contracts from an administrative point of view. The aim was to propose a methodology to optimize the cost of the electricity bill by acting on elements chosen by the operator. Secondly, a methodology for the detection and localization of possible leaks, in the irrigation network, is proposed. This method is based on the analysis of the circulation of water. Finally, a part was dedicated to the sizing of an energy production system based on the use of renewable sources
Vergnol, Arnaud. "Intégration dans le réseau électrique et le marché de l’électricité de production décentralisée d’origine renouvelable : gestion des congestions locales". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECLI0014/document.
Development of wind generation is a mean towards global warming reduction. However, in some parts of the electrical grid, the massive integration of renewable generation can lead to congestion problems. These congestions are related to the impossibility for the power grid to transport the generation. Nowadays, congestion management methods are based on day(s)-ahead computation of generation restriction which leads to important production losses for renewables. Based on this context, it’s therefore important to develop a methodology which is optimal, reliable and non-discriminatory for renewable.In this work, the proposed congestion management method is based on corrective actions. These actions are computed in real-time using regulation loops and Petri net-based algorithms. A stability study proved that gain margins are sufficient to assure the stability of the corrective actions. The algorithm allows an optimal selection of the generators than will participate in the congestion management. This selection is based on their cost and efficiency for congestion alleviation. Simulation results using the software EUROSTAG have shown the efficiency of the method and its adaptability to different generator types. Furthermore, general conclusions on congestions costs according to different regulations on the renewable generation were obtained
Sa'ad, Aisha. "Developing integrated maintenance strategies for renewable energy sources based on analytical methods and artificial intelligence (AI) : comparisons and case study". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0080.
The development of renewable energy, especially solar and wind energy, over the recent years has gained global attention as an alternative method of generating energy experiencing exceptional growth in its production. In The Global Energy report, global solar energy is expected to have reached a cumulative capacity of 1TW while the wind energy is expected to have multiplied up to 3 to 4 times from mega production in the year 2020. This increase in the solar and wind power implies very significant financial investments. However, with this huge investment potential and significant increase in generation capacity, there is an additional, often overlooked responsibility: managing the power plants to ensure the lowest total life cycle cost (Life Cycle Cost). Like any standard production system, renewable energy (solar and wind energy in our case) generation components are subject to random failure, which interrupts production and supply of demand. Maintenance is identified as a major cause of accidents, lack of technical know-how of an equipment and the absence of a good maintenance routine plan. As part of the efforts to improve the efficiency and performance of renewable energy power plants, we propose models to optimize the power production and maintenance of our selected case studies (Sokoto solar plant and Katsina wind farm). In this regard, we developed new integrated maintenance policies integrated with production of the energy production from solar and wind energy systems. The preventive maintenance strategy adopted in this thesis is perfect maintenance strategy on the selected components for maintenance and an imperfect selective maintenance on the system (solar PV and wind turbine). Battery shortage in case of under-production and maintenance losses are challenges considered in this study. The methodology we developed entails solving the problem of energy production and maintenance optimization by using the theoretical method as well as machine learning method (ANN and SVM) in order to satisfy a random demand of energy during a finite horizon. We also studied the influence of environmental and operational condition of the systems and then validated the models by numerical examples and sensitivity studies proving the robustness of the developed models
Poulet, Philippe. "Contrôle d’un système énergétique hybride à base de pompe à chaleur". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4392.
This thesis is a contribution to the problem of control and management of energy within the heat-pump-based hybrid systems with variable input power. After a state of the art on energy systems and heat pump, a presentation of experimental tools, designed and operated throughout the thesis is given. The third part consists of the physical modeling of the heat pump. This is the central component used for the control of the hybrid system. Then, the control strategy is described and validated through the simulation results and the experiments. The last part is dedicated to the energy management of hybrid system. Specifically, an algorithm to optimize the energy produced is proposed and validated on representative sites in France ; the study-case of this work
Sainvil, Watson. "Contrôle optimal et application aux énergies renouvelables". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Antilles, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ANTI0894.
Today, electricity is the easiest form of energy to exploit in the world. However, producing it from fossil sources such as oil, coal, natural gas,…, is the main cause of global warming by emitting a massive amount of greenhouse gases into nature. We need an alternative and fast! The almost daily sunshine and the important quantity of wind should favor the development of renewable energies.In this thesis, the main objective is to apply the optimal control theory to renewable energies in order to convince decision makers to switch to them through mathematical studies. First, we develop a deterministic case based on what has already been done in the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies in which we formulate two case studies. The first one deals with an optimal control probleminvolving the transition from oil to solar energy. The second deals with an optimal control problem involving the transition from oil to solar and wind energies.Then, we develop a stochastic part in which we treat a stochastic control problem whose objective is to take into account the random aspect of the production of solar energy since we cannot guarantee sufficient daily sunshine
Latullaie, Florence. "La production d'énergie de sources renouvelables par les collectivités territoriales". Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT4020.
Dkhili, Nouha. "A model-based predictive control strategy for low-voltage power distribution grids with prolific distributed generation in Occitania". Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. https://theses-public.univ-perp.fr/2020PERP0037.pdf.
The term ''smart grid'' refers to a modern power grid that successfully integrates prolific distributed generation with end loads and efficiently reroutes power flows to balance supply and demand in real time with respect to stability, quality, and safety constraints. It relies on improved observability and advanced control techniques, and offers the possibility of advanced demand side management.In the context of the Smart Occitania project, which aims to study the feasibility of the smart grid concept for rural and suburban power distribution grids, this work proposes a model-based predictive control strategy based on flexible asset management (herein a biogas plant and a water tower) that aims to balance power supply and demand within the power grid while maintaining voltage levels within prescribed margins. The control scheme incorporates intraday forecasts of various stochastic quantities that impact the system, procured through Gaussian process regression.The main contribution of this thesis is twofold: the predictive controller's optimisation problem is formulated in such a way that the ON/OFF of the water tower is handled without recourse to mixed-integer nonlinear programming or relaxation, and the confidence intervals provided by the forecast module are utilised to minimize voltage overshooting due to forecasting errors.The results illustrate the promise of a predictive controller relying on renewable-energy-based flexible assets to reduce the gap between power supply and demand, while upholding the power grid's voltage constraints
Lassonde, Sylvain. "Potentiels et limites météorologiques et climatiques d’un foisonnement des énergies renouvelables". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX035/document.
Greenhouse gas emissions are responsible of the global warming observed in recent decades. It is therefore essential today to decarbonise our way of life, the energy sector and the production of electricity in particular. Renewable energies, such as wind and photovoltaic power, have developed strongly these last years. These sources of energy have a main constraint for their development : they are intermittent and non-controllable for balancing the demand. The share of these productions becomesimportant in the electricity mix, the larger the problems of balancing the demand will become.In this PhD study, terrestrial and photovoltaic wind generation were modeled and corrected according to an homogeneous distribution of capacities across France and Europe between 1979 and 2015 according to the ERA-interim reanalysis. In a second step, a simplified model of renewable supply and the French demand balancing (MSEOD) was developed and applied during the period of the ERAinterim reanalysis from 1979 to 2015. The aims of this model is to explore the potential and the limits of renewable energies balancing depending on the cost optimisation of electricity or the minimisation of volume of energy stored.During this PhD thesis, we have shown that the cost optimisation of electricity (between 186 and 194 euro / MWh according to the scenarii) leads to a low overproduction (between 10 to 20 %) with an important storage capacity (power and stored energy - between 20 and 81 hours of the average consumption), while the minimization of the maximum sizing of stored energy leads to a high overproduction (between 164 to 199 %) generating electricity costs about twice as large (between 373 and 488 euro / MWh). Despite a strong overproduction (close to 200 % of the average consumption), an additional power (destocking and thermal production) large than the average consumption is still necessary for balancing the demand during sizing meteorological events. The absence of constraint of imported powers on the network makes it possible to reduce the maximum size of stored energy by a factor of 10 as compared to the case of a self-sufficient French production. The additional power required for the balance of energy is little reduced. This work has shown that some meteorological sizing events lead to a very low renewable production at European scale. The optimal technological mix is highly wind-powered. Between 68 and 100 % of the intermittent production mix comes from wind production (depending of the scenarii and the LCOEs tested). The use of electricity production using smaller cost (60 e/MWh for photovoltaïque and 65 e/MWh for wind production), leads to an electricity cost around 100 e/MWh for a maximum storage volume corresponding to a day of the average consumption
Lassonde, Sylvain. "Potentiels et limites météorologiques et climatiques d’un foisonnement des énergies renouvelables". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX035.
Greenhouse gas emissions are responsible of the global warming observed in recent decades. It is therefore essential today to decarbonise our way of life, the energy sector and the production of electricity in particular. Renewable energies, such as wind and photovoltaic power, have developed strongly these last years. These sources of energy have a main constraint for their development : they are intermittent and non-controllable for balancing the demand. The share of these productions becomesimportant in the electricity mix, the larger the problems of balancing the demand will become.In this PhD study, terrestrial and photovoltaic wind generation were modeled and corrected according to an homogeneous distribution of capacities across France and Europe between 1979 and 2015 according to the ERA-interim reanalysis. In a second step, a simplified model of renewable supply and the French demand balancing (MSEOD) was developed and applied during the period of the ERAinterim reanalysis from 1979 to 2015. The aims of this model is to explore the potential and the limits of renewable energies balancing depending on the cost optimisation of electricity or the minimisation of volume of energy stored.During this PhD thesis, we have shown that the cost optimisation of electricity (between 186 and 194 euro / MWh according to the scenarii) leads to a low overproduction (between 10 to 20 %) with an important storage capacity (power and stored energy - between 20 and 81 hours of the average consumption), while the minimization of the maximum sizing of stored energy leads to a high overproduction (between 164 to 199 %) generating electricity costs about twice as large (between 373 and 488 euro / MWh). Despite a strong overproduction (close to 200 % of the average consumption), an additional power (destocking and thermal production) large than the average consumption is still necessary for balancing the demand during sizing meteorological events. The absence of constraint of imported powers on the network makes it possible to reduce the maximum size of stored energy by a factor of 10 as compared to the case of a self-sufficient French production. The additional power required for the balance of energy is little reduced. This work has shown that some meteorological sizing events lead to a very low renewable production at European scale. The optimal technological mix is highly wind-powered. Between 68 and 100 % of the intermittent production mix comes from wind production (depending of the scenarii and the LCOEs tested). The use of electricity production using smaller cost (60 e/MWh for photovoltaïque and 65 e/MWh for wind production), leads to an electricity cost around 100 e/MWh for a maximum storage volume corresponding to a day of the average consumption
Tran, Van Giang. "Conception optimale d’une centrale électrique virtuelle intégrant des énergies renouvelables". Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP0998.
The present work deals with the necessary development of a virtual power plant allowing managing energy production systems and promoting renewable energy for the Perpignan Méditerranée agglomeration community (Pyrénées-Orientales, France). First, are presented the worldwide energy context, the state of the art about virtual power plants as well as the proposed approach for managing energy resources. Next, a methodology allowing forecasting the electric load and meteorological parameters, such as both the mean average wind speed and the global solar irradiation, are proposed and integrated as a module in the virtual power plant. Scenarios and energy strategies were developed with the purpose of satisfying the electricity demand, using renewable energy. Storing energy as well as buying or selling on the Powernext market was also considered. Finally, the proposed tool opens the possibility of optimally sizing new production systems. According to both the intensive growth of the electricity market and the greenhouse gas emissions, the developed virtual power plant focuses on improving energy efficiency and favouring environmental protection
Rokrok, Ebrahim. "Controle en grid forming pour les convertisseurs d'électronique de puissance : application aux liaisons courant continus de Haute Tension (HVDC)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022CLIL0012.
The rapid development of converter-based devices such as converter-interfaced renewable generations and high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission links is causing a profound change into the very physics of the power system. In this scenario, the power generation is shifted from the pollutant synchronous generators based on nuclear or fossil fuels to converter-based renewable resources. The modeling, control, and stability of the power converters are now one of the focuses of attention for researchers. Today, power converters have the main function of injecting power into the utility grid, while relying on synchronous machines that ensure all system needs (e.g., ancillary services, provision of inertia and reliable power reserves). This operation mode of power converters is called "Grid-following". Grid-following converters have several limitations, such as: inability to operate in a standalone mode, stability issues under weak grids and faulty conditions and also, negative side effect on the system inertia. To tackle these challenges, the grid-forming control as an alternative has shown its appropriate performance that could make this kind of control a promising solution to respond to the system needs and to allow a stable and safe operation of power system with high penetration rate of power electronic converters. In this thesis, a fundamental description of grid-forming control with a simplified quasi-static modeling approach aiming to regulate the converter active power by a voltage source behavior is presented. From the description, several variants of grid-forming strategies are identified that represent some differences in terms of active power dynamic behavior, inertia emulation capability and system frequency support. Hence, the presented grid-forming variants are then classified according to their capabilities/functionalities. From the small-signal stability and robustness point of view, the studied grid-forming controls, which are implemented to a 2-level VSC at first, show their ability to operate under very weak grid conditions. Moreover, the ancillary services such as inertial response and frequency support are appropriately provided to the AC grid. The questions of the grid-forming converters protection against overcurrent and their post-fault synchronization while considering the current limitation are investigated and a new method is proposed to enhance the transient stability of the system. All the obtained results are then extended to a modular multi-level converter (MMC) topology successfully. The use of a grid forming control in an HVDC converter is interesting for the grid to which it is connected due to the inertial effect that can be induced. Therefore, the final part of this thesis evaluates the dynamic performance of an HVDC link interconnecting two AC grids and highlights the proper strategy and requirements for inertia provision
Bayem, Herman. "Apport des méthodes probabilistes aux études d’insertion des énergies renouvelables dans les systèmes électriques". Paris 11, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00447151.
Renewable energy sources (RES) (especially wind and photovoltaic energy) have the particular feature of being variable and the controllabity of their production is very limited. For these reason, deterministic methods applied to RES' impact studies are inappropriate. The goal of this research work is to investigate the contribution of probabilistic methods for integration studies of RES in power systems. The management of parameters variations impacts on power systems brings up news challenges to system operators. The first step is the probabilistic modeling of the power system which is the first part of our work. The second step is the development of probabilistic methods which mix a probabilistic characterization of the power systems with a probabilistic model of RES production to estimate defined reliability criteria as well as probabilistic security criteria like risk of congestion, voltage level violations, etc. A probabilistic study is thus a risk analysis study, unlike a deterministic study which consists in the failure analysis of few specific situations. Pratical applications are presented and contributions of the probabilistic methods are discussed
Fouchard, Swanny. "Étude des voies métaboliques de production d'hydrogène chez la microalgue Chlamydomonas reinhardtii et transposition en photobioréacteur". Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2016.
Considering the recent increase in energy consumption and associated environmental risks, new trails are followed today to develop the use of clean and renewable alternative energies, and in this context hydrogen seems to be a serious solution. The aim of this work is then to exploit microalgae photosynthetic capacities in order to devise a process for hydrogen production from only water and solar energy without greenhouse gas release. Experiments for the comprehension of the metabolic pathways implied in hydrogen production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii species were thus carried out and the results obtained were scaled up to the level of a torus photobioreactor specifically developed for this application
Muselli, Marc. "Systèmes énergétiques pour la production d'eau douce potable et d'électricité". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pascal Paoli, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603643.
Courtecuisse, Vincent. "Supervision d’une centrale multisources à base d’éoliennes et de stockage d’énergie connectée au réseau électrique". Paris, ENSAM, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENAM0027.
The concept of multisource system (with energy storage) with integrated and optimised energy control it’s also knows as a virtual power plant. These types of power plants are constituted from different class of generators which can be associated with different types of energy storage systems. From the point of view of network managing, a virtual power plant must behave as a classical power plant. It must participate to the ancillary service and also the manager has to know 24h ahead the quantity of electrical energy he can produce. The multisource systems associated with storage system exists already in isolated sites, many studies and experimentations have been developed for isolated networks using diesel generators associated with wind turbines and flywheel energy storage systems or using batteries. The objective of this project is to increase the penetration rate of the wind power plants to decrease the fuel consumption. The mains problems of this system are the choice of storage system and the determination of the supervisory control in order to optimize the energetic consumption and to assure the network stability
Ory, François. "Vers quelle transition énergétique en Martinique ? : Acteurs et gouvernance de la substitution des énergies fossiles par les énergies renouvelables pour la production électrique". Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LEMA3009.
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the integration of the energy transition within an Overseas Territory of France. Focusing on the island of Martinique as a case study, it analyzes in details the changes taking place in the industry of electricity production. By mobilizing the concept of governance, the study takes place under the triple context of decentralizing of energy-related decisions, opening up the electricity market to new private operators, and increasing dispute on planning emerging from civil society.This research addresses three main issues:• The territory and its exploitable energy potentials;• The actors operating the transition on the island;• Renewable energy exploitation projects. Based on a thorough analysis of technical documents, local press publications and field interviews, this research seeks to explain the reasons behind the progress or the stagnation of the energy transition in Martinique. It highlights the conflicting and non-consensual nature of its conception and definition. Various case studies, such as ground-mounted photovoltaics, the biomass power plant Galion 2 and the ocean thermal energy conversion project NEMO, provide insights on this antagonistic dynamic. Joining a vibrant conversation on the implementation of energy transition, our results reveal that regional development of renewable means of production is mainly driven by a local governance, which seeks to limit the potential impact on major activities such as agriculture, tourism... Historical stakeholders continue to influence the electricity industry, thus maintaining its dependency on petroleum products
Bahedja, Ibrahim. "Maîtrise d'énergie, production d'électricité et développement socio-économique durable à Mayotte : problématique appliquée aux territoires insulaires". Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/39814333-466e-4732-ab24-11ce5fbfd26c/blobholder:0/2008LIMO2003.pdf.
Petipas, Floriane. "Conception et conduite de systèmes d'électrolyse à haute température alimentés par des énergies renouvelables". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00873645.
Mesnage, Hugo. "Modélisation et contrôle avancé pour les centrales de turbinage de moyenne et haute chute". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT025.
The integration of renewables at the scale of the network causes new paradigms: the first and most important change is the fact that the electrical power is no longer under control but dependent of the incontinence of renewable sources. This irregularity of production over consumption requires the storage of energy when it is produced to make it available for later. Pump storage plant (PSP) or turbine-pump equiped plants, are by their speed of action, storage capacity and environmentally respectful aspect, the main organs able to satisfy this growing demand energy storage across the network.During this thesis, the modeling problem and enslavement of transients of these sites is considered from the perspective of the turbine group: given a turbine in a hydraulic circuit, what is its dynamic behavior, and what control method ensures the best performances from the standpoint of the response time and stability.The manuscript is then structured around four chapters: the first, aims to introduce more finely issues and a mathematical representation of th dynamic of these sites. The second chapter presents an original method based on a graphic study of a simplified model of the turbine system placed along a linear and constant section penstock. This section establishes the minimum time of action of these plants dependently of the actuator performance and topology of the site. The third chapter contains the main contribution of this work in terms of regulation of a pump storage site: it proposes a linear regulation of the hydraulic circuit in which is the flow of water through the use of a non-linear actuator: the turbine. Finally, to address particular sequences, the fourth and final chapter proposes establishing trajectories compatible with the dynamics and constraints resulting from the use of a turbine. Then the computed trajectories allow greater control of the phenomena through the use of a well chosen optimization function and a predictive with finite horizon state feedback
Petipas, Floriane. "Conception et conduite de systèmes d’électrolyse à haute température alimentés par des énergies renouvelables". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0015/document.
Power-to-Gas could become an attractive solution for renewable electricity storage, provided that affordable electrolysers are able to operate efficiently under intermittent conditions. This work aims to assess the technical feasibility of operating intermittently a Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC) system around 1073 K. Realistic unfavourable conditions are considered, consisting in a standalone system operated with no external heat source and integrating hydrogen compression to 3 MPa. Two challenges are tackled in this work: i) the system power load range, limited to 60-100% due to thermal gradients, is extended via efficient control strategies, ii) procedures are defined to minimise the impact of the intermittency on the lifetime. First, a modular control strategy is proposed, consisting in the use of several SOEC units which are either operated in a tolerable power load range, or switched off. The system power load range is hence extended to 15-100% in the case of four units. A complementary control strategy, consisting in internal electrical heating, enables to extend the load range by reducing thermal gradients, but it may decrease the lifetime. Thus, it is applied to only one unit for it to follow the load curve and extend the system power load range to 3-100%. Secondly, 1800 on-off electric cycles are applied to an SOEC with no degradation increase, which shows that repeated start/stops do not decrease the lifetime. Start-up, standby and shut-down procedures are also defined. Finally, two case studies of Wind-SOEC and Solar-SOEC systems operated over one year show that, with the implemented control strategies, the SOEC system stores the applied power with an average efficiency of 91% vs. HHV, while units operate under tolerable conditions apart from one unit which follows the load curve and may have a decreased lifetime
Chane, Kuang Sang Laurent. "Stratégie de contrôle hybride d'un magnétron verrouillé par injection pour un Transport d'Énergie Sans Fil par onde hyperfréquence". La Réunion, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00464105/fr/.
With the aim to put forward an alternative renewable and large-scale energy source to Mankind P. Glaser presented the project of Solar Power Satellite to the american spatial agency. This scheme consists in collecting directly in space the solar energy before being targeted on a terrestrial reception base by means of a focused microwave beam. This principle is founded on the concept of Wireless Power Transportation (WP1). To complete this project successfully, a preliminary "earthwork" strategy is adopted by the international researchers community, before upgrading to a spatial project. In terrestrial point-to-point WPT systems prototypes or proposals, one of the preferred microwave power projection system consists in a phased array antenna supplied by individual mid-power range microwave sources : magnetron. To be efficiently coupled to projecting systems and to allow electronic steering and beam-forming, magnetrons have to be synchronised to a reference frequency and controlled in phase and amplitude. For this purpose, this research wQrk presents a new approach of the control of the output parameters of an injection /ocked magnetron. Ln order to take into account the non linear behaviour of this microwave tube, an hybrid control strategy was designed to control the amplitude and frequency of a magnetron in fixed-load operations. This control algorithm involves a non linear artificial neural network modelling the plant inversion mapping, in combination with a classical linear PID feedback controller. Supervised and Generalized learning with experimental databases collected from a magnetron measurement bench developed in our laboratory was adopted to identify the neural controller. A dynamical - control architecture, which switches either on a non linear control loop or a classical linear PID feedback loop, allows to drive the frequency and amplitude of the magnetron, while its phase remains steady, all over the injection locking bandwith
Ferdjallah, Kherkhachi Esseddik. "Diagnostic du système isolant des machines électriques par identification paramétrique : dans un contexte de maintenance prédictive des turbines offshores". Nantes, 2015. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=b0db7f85-f922-4ebb-b0c1-d6866f721d81.
With the development of RME, the reduction of operating costs is a key issue to improve their viability. To achieve this aim, it is necessary to consider the specific marine environment constraints. The insulation system of tidal generators is one of the most sensitive parts to these aggressive constraints, so it is important to continuously monitor its state of health. In a predictive maintenance context, we propose a new method for the online monitoring of the machine insulation. It is proposed to continuously monitor a diagnostic indicator (DI) based on the identified parameters of a multi transmission line (MTL) model. After presenting the composition of the rotating machine insulation system and its modeling, we have detailed the theoretical development of the parametric model identification method. The study of the sensitivity functions and the error energy are chosen give an evaluation of the identified parameter uncertainty. This approach allows to test the effectiveness of the diagnostic models. We have then introduced the benches of thermal aging and thermomechanical cycling as well as a pulse generator designed specifically. The experimental results obtained are used to study various model structures and assess their diagnostic potential. The modeling approach by MTL has been proven to be effective to show the possibility of detecting a change in the DI due to a degradation of the insulating wall
Swierczynski, Dariusz. "Elaboration et développement d'un catalyseur Ni/Olivine pour la production d'hydrogène par gazéification de la biomasse en lit fluidisé". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/SWIERCZYNSKI_Dariusz_2004.pdf.
Biomass gasification is one of the most interesting ways to valorize this widely accessible source of renewable energy. This process, realized in fluidized bed at high temperature (800-900ʿC), permits to obtain syngas (mainly H2, and CO) which contains however the unwanted sub products CH4 and tars. Their catalytic elimination is the key step of the process and permits to clean up the product gas as well as to increase the quantity of H2 produced. This work describes the development of a catalyst for steam gasification of biomass, designed for fluidized bed, and active for tar and methane reforming. For this we have integrated Ni with natural olivine (Mg0,9Fe0,1)2SiO4. Characterization by different techniques (XRD, TPR, SEM, TEM, Mössbauer) showed that during calcination in air, oxidation of olivine leads to a rejection of part of iron (II) from its structure with formation of iron (III) oxides. The catalysts Ni/olivine are obtained by wet impregnation of olivine with an aqueous solution of nickel salt, followed by calcination which leads to a reaction between NiO and olivine. This results in formation of a NiO-MgO solid solution grafted on the support surface and assuring attrition resistance. The catalytic activity was firstly studied in fixed bed in dry reforming of methane, then in steam reforming of tars with toluene as model compound. For both reactions the optimized system showed high activity and selectivity for syngas as well as an excellent stability explained by the presence of the NiO-MgO on the support surface and by formation of Ni-Fe alloys permitting to limit strongly carbon formation and providing long life for the catalyst. Finally the catalyst preparation was scaled-up to 100 kg and its efficacy was confirmed in biomass steam gasification in 100kWth fluidized bed reactor permitting to envisage its industrial use
Bonnelle, Denis. "Tour solaire, tour à vaporisation d'eau, et modes de conversion d'énergie renouvelable : présentation, critiques et suggestions". Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10129.
Evrard, Aurélien. "L'intégration des énergies renouvelables aux politiques publiques de l'électricité en Europe : une comparaison Allemagne, Danemark, France". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0064.
Since its emergence as a new policy issue, in the 1970s, renewable energy has been integrated into electricity policies in most of European countries. However, it was initially a particular source of energy. It was indeed part of a radical transformation project of conventional energy systems. We conceptualize renewable energy as a “policy alternative”, defined as a set of propositions built on shared values, specific institutional arrangements and actors’ configurations, that not only aims at promoting a policy solution, but also intend to transform a policy sector. Comparing Danish, German and French cases with a long temporal perspective, this research draws two main conclusions. Firstly, only a multidimensional approach on policy change can explain national differences regarding the timing and the extent of renewable energy development. Secondly, the whole process of policy change led to a form of hybridization between renewable energy policy alternative and the electricity sector
Bourry, Franck. "Management of uncertainties related to renewable generation participating in electricity markets". Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00508345.
The operation of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) units, such as wind or solar plants, is intrinsically dependent on the variability of the wind or solar resource. This makes large scale integration of RES into power systems particularly challenging. The research work in the frame of this thesis focuses on the participation of renewable power producers in liberalized electricity markets, and more precisely on the management of the regulation costs incurred by the producer for any imbalance between the contracted and delivered energy. In such context, the main objective of the thesis is to model and evaluate different methods for the management of imbalance penalties related to the participation of renewable power producers in short-term electricity markets. First, the thesis gives a classification of the existing solutions for the management of these imbalance penalties. A distinction is made between physical solutions which are related to the generation portfolio, and financial solutions which are based on market products. The physical solutions are considered in the frame of a Virtual Power Plant. A generic model of the imbalance penalty resulting from the use of physical or financial solutions is formulated, based on a market rule model. Then, the decision-making problem relative to both physical and financial solutions is formulated as an optimization problem under uncertainty. The approach is based on a loss function derived from the generic imbalance penalty model. Finally, the uncertainty related to the RES production is considered in the risk-based decision making process. The methods are illustrated using case studies based on real world data
Salvador, Michaël. "Bâtiments à énergie positive, optimisation de la demande et de la production à partir des sources d'énergies renouvelables". Perpignan, 2012. https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01260241.
Zhang, Lu. "Optimisation du dimensionnement de centrales hybrides de production d'énergie électrique associant les énergies renouvelables et traditionnelles sur un territoire donné". Le Havre, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEHA0006.
The rapid depletion of conventional energy sources , increasing global demand for energy and the fight against emissions in recent years have renewed interest in the development of renewable energy sources. In this context, the objective of this work is to contribute to finding solutions to the problem of Sizing Electric Hybrid Systems Dispersed Generation of Electricity (SEHPRE) by combining renewable and conventional sources for remote sites where the price of the extension is prohibitive. Our approach has been to formulate the problem of sizing SEHPRE in a nonlinear constrained optimization problem whose main objective function is the total cost of SEHPRE over 20 years. After a review, based on a scientific literature, the energy models of various elements constituting a SEHPRE are developed based on available meteorological data. The program OPTISEH dedicated to the sizing optimization of SEHPRE was then developed and implemented in MATLAB®. This code has been tested under the design of several structures SEHPRE to satisfy the consumption profile of a residential unit on a small power site in the region of Le Havre. Finally and for each optimal structures SEHPRE obtained a detailed analysis linking these solutions to the site and energy resources consumption profile was performed and discussed their relevance
Gbossou, Christophe. "Mise en place d’un pôle intégré d’excellence pour les énergies renouvelables. Cas de l’énergie solaire en Afrique de l’Ouest". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EMSE0694/document.
The purpose of this thesis is the building an integrated excellence pole for solar energy in West Africa. Three countries have been identified as areas for experimentation (Burkina Faso; Cote d’Ivoire; Senegal). Field surveys in these territories and sector analysis allow highlighting the interactions among the solar sector actors in the three countries (political field, research and training, business, civil society, users). The realization of direct influence matrices from the results of solar energy sector analysis in the countries helped us to understand the low level of relationship among interdependent stakeholders.The results show that the public authorities are still the dominant players, despite the weakness of their willingness. Private companies and non-governmental organizations have a liaison role playing an essential task of solar equipment installation and projects development especially in rural areas. The users of the solar sector are dominated players without influence on the other players especially the public authorities. The research actors clearly appear as isolated: Their results are generally limited to theoretical courses, the conduct of experiments and prototypes that rarely reach public release phase. The constructed pole allows to stabilize, to settle and to make the produced knowledge circulate and the capacities developed by the actors in interaction within an ecosystem
Dagdougui, Hanane. "Système d'aide à la décision pour la durabilité des systèmes énergétiques renouvelables et des infrastructures d'hydrogène : modélisation, contrôle et analyse de risques". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00679421.
Siebert, Nils. "Développement de méthodes pour la prédiction de la production éolienne régionale". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00287551.
Le but de la thèse est de développer un cadre d'analyse et des outils permettant de faciliter la mise en place de modèles de prévision de la production éolienne régionale.
La thèse présente tout d'abord un cadre d'analyse permettant de caractériser la production éolienne régionale. Par ce biais, les propriétés saillantes de la production régionale, qui doivent être prises en compte lors de la conception d'un modèle de prévision régionale, sont identifiées.
Le problème de la prévision régionale est ensuite abordé comme un problème d'apprentissage statistique. Nous définissons trois approches de modélisation générique permettant la combinaison de sous-modèles. L'influence de ces approches sur la précision des prévisions est étudiée ainsi que celle du choix des sous-modèles. Pour permettre la comparaison de sous-modèles, nous introduisons un modèle de prévision éolienne dont la performance est comparable aux modèles de l'état de l'art.
Finalement, nous examinons l'impact sur la précision de prévision qu'a le choix des variables explicatives et nous proposons des règles générales de sélection dans le cadre de la prévision éolienne régionale. Pour faciliter le processus de modélisation, des méthodes de sélection automatique sont étudiées. Deux méthodes (une méthode filtre et une méthode wrapper) qui exploitent les caractéristiques propres au problème sont proposées. Nous montrons que ces méthodes sont plus performantes qu'une méthode générique de l'état de l'art.
Wen, Xin. "Optimisation stochastique pour la planification de la production d’électricité dans une communauté énergétique locale en situation d'incertitude liée aux énergies renouvelables". Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0017.
In electrical systems, the unit commitment (UC) and power scheduling plans the operating of generating units over a short-term planning horizon in order to satisfy the load demand under system operating constraints. Nowadays, energy communities have emerged with individual community energy requirements and increasing capacity deployment of distributed energy resources. The high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) increases power system uncertainty while the load demand is growing. Hence, traditional deterministic approaches for UC should evolve to stochastic optimization. The main goal of this thesis is to propose probability-based and stochastic optimization methodology for optimal generation and operating reserve (OR) scheduling decisions in an urban microgrid with the wish to address the minimization of operating costs and emissions. Power supply and reserve provision must take into account the uncertainty due to RES and the load demand forecasting errors, while considering the trade-off between security and economic operation. Finally, a user-friendly Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is developed with the Matlab GUI to integrate and visualize the energy management operation
Costa, Luís Miguel. "Gestion de cellules des systèmes électriques intégrant des sources de production stochastiques". Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENMP1631.
Energy supply and climate change are nowadays two of the most outstanding problems which societies have to cope with under a context of increasing energy needs. Public awareness of these problems is driving political willingness to take actions for tackling them in a swift and efficient manner. Such actions mainly focus in increasing energy efficiency, in decreasing dependence on fossil fuels, and in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, power systems are undergoing important changes in the way they are planned and managed. On the one hand, vertically integrated structures are being replaced by market structures in which power systems are unbundled. On the other, power systems that once relied on large power generation facilities are witnessing the end of these facilities' life-cycle and, consequently, their decommissioning. The role of distributed energy resources such as wind and solar power generators is becoming increasingly important in this context. However, the large-scale integration of such type of generation presents many challenges due, for instance, to the uncertainty associated to the variability of their production. Nevertheless, advanced forecasting tools may be combined with more controllable elements such as energy storage devices, gas turbines, and controllable loads to form systems that aim to reduce the impacts that may be caused by these uncertainties. This thesis addresses the management under market conditions of these types of systems that act like independent societies and which are herewith named power system cells. From the available literature, a unified view of power system scheduling problems is also proposed as a first step for managing sets of power system cells in a multi-cell management framework. Then, methodologies for performing the optimal day-ahead scheduling of single power system cells are proposed, discussed and evaluated under both a deterministic and a stochastic framework that directly integrates the uncertainty information into the scheduling process. Results show that the utilization of the proposed approaches may lead to important advantages for operators managing these types of power system cells
Gbossou, Christophe. "Mise en place d'un pôle intégré d'excellence pour les énergies renouvelables. Cas de l'énergie solaire en Afrique de l'Ouest". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904378.
Mohamed, Amgad. "Modélisation et contrôle des turbines hydrauliques pour l'intégration des sources d'énergies renouvelabless". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT027.
Recently, renewable energy resources such as, wind and solar energy, have become integral parts of electric grids as clean energy alternatives to fossil fuels. However, the quality of production of such resources of energy depends on different uncertain factors, for instance, weather conditions. Therefore, dealing with the intermittent nature of renewable energy resources is one of the main challenges when using them on a larger scale.A possible solution to reduce the effects of energy resources intermittency on energy production and grid's stability, is to use energy storage technologies. Pumped storage power plants (PSPs) seem to be the unique clean storage method that can be used to counteract the intermittent nature of wind and solar energy. PSPs make use of pumps-turbines which are capable of working as pumps to store excess electric energy in the grid, and as turbines to generate electric energy, when more electric energy is needed. Thus, PSPs help in stabilizing the grid in the presence of intermittent renewable energy resources.The emphasis in this work is on turbine start-up operating mode for PSPs. In PSPs, the start-up operating mode is usually visited multiple times, as a result of switching back and forth between pumping and turbine modes. Thus, enhancing the performance of the speed governors used for starting-up becomes more important when dealing with PSPs to enable a rapid voltage recovery.This PhD thesis is part of the multidisciplinary INNOVHYDRO project that includes different laboratories and enterprises such as, GIPSA-lab where this thesis was prepared, G2Elab, GE and EDF.In this thesis, a controller architecture that takes into account the computational limitations of existing microcontrollers in use at GE, is proposed. It provides a solution to the problem of fast turbine start-up, while avoiding the excitation of sharp pressure oscillations. In addition, torque constraints are easily integrated to achieve smoother start-up, which reduces the fatigue of the mechanical components, resulting from repetitive start-up of turbines.Different approaches are proposed to tune the controller gains, while taking into account the nonlinear dynamics of the actuator used at GE. To begin with, a tuning methodology is outlined to guarantee the asymptotic stability and the closed-loop performance, while minimizing the guaranteed upper bound on the output tracking error. In addition, a systematic optimization approach is developed to select the controller gains to minimize time needed to get a stable start-up, while respecting maximum torque constraints. Moreover, randomized algorithms are used to choose the controller parameters such that robustness certificates are obtained on the resulting controller.Furthermore, a simulator has been developed for hydraulic power plants and used to test the proposed controller. The simulator constitutes of a system of continuous differential equations, which systematically model the behavior of the different components of the hydraulic power plant such as, penstocks, tunnels, reservoirs and surge tanks. In addition, the nonlinear behavior and unstable regions 'S-characteristics' of hydraulic turbines, usually modeled by Hill charts, are successfully taken into consideration. Moreover, the actuator's nonlinear dynamics are included in the overall mathematical model
De, Gaulmyn Louis. "Les mécanismes de soutien à la production d'électricité de source renouvelable". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED023.
The European Union is pursuing a major policy to develop renewable energy aimed at increasing its share to 20 % in total energy consumption in 2020. In this context, France has set up a policy to support renewable electricity generation, through support mechanisms that directly subsidize this generation. However, this mode of support faces several issues, which question its durability. On the one hand, the evolution of the internal electricity market policy renews the question of the compatibility of the support mechanisms with the provisions of European Union law on free movement of goods and State aid. On the other hand, the significant development of renewable electricity generation risks threatening the balance of the French electricity system. In order to cope with these obstacles, France has adopted a major reform of these support mechanisms and has set up several linked mechanisms aimed at adapting the growth of renewable electricity generation to the constraints posed by the electricity system. By using some recent developments of the positive law and the doctrines developed by the institutional players in the internal electricity market, the thesis evaluates the capacity of this reform to adapt the policy of support for renewable electricity generation to these legal and systemic constraints
Grossmann, Émilie. "Le rôle des collectivités territoriales dans la production d'électricité d'origine renouvelable : le cas de l'éolien terrestre". Thesis, Amiens, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AMIE0019.
The Thesis subject focuses on french local authorities' part in the development of renewable energy. More specifically, the Thesis consider the involvement issues of local authorities in the development of wind energy sector in France. Three dimensions are studied: the institutional dimension - particularly the study of local authorities' competences and their groupings - the contractual dimension and the various possible legal arrangements, and finally the financial dimension with the local authorities' possibility to participate in the financing of wind farm projects
Ahmed, Rana. "Energy management and control for hybrid renewable energy sources in rural area". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4353.
This thesis primarily proposes, an improved P&O based State-Flow MPPT algorithm featuring two degree of freedom, in which the event driven system (MPPT) behaviour is modelled by describing it in terms of transitions among states under certain conditions. Secondarily, an extended parallel operating State-Flowbased MPPT algorithm is further proposed to be a challenging solution for the independent control of the hybrid system, where continuous control characteristic can present during a certain working state while discrete one is indicated along state transitions. Two possible configurations for the hybrid system are proposed; two separate DC/DC converters and dual input single output converter (DISO) configurations. Finally it is proposed, DC system behaviour modelling using State-Flow leading to the whole control strategy design which concern RESs MPPT, RESs and BESS coordination, power system stability and DC bus voltage regulation.Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed algorithm, both results show the superiority of the proposed State-Flow based MPPT in reducing the RESs power oscillations at steady-state in various operating conditions in addition to its faster start-up and transition operation without divergence from the MPP during sudden varying weather conditions
Simpore, Sidiki. "Modélisation, simulation et optimisation d'un système de stockage à air comprimé couplé à un bâtiment et à une production photovoltaïque". Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0039/document.
Due to the variability and intermittency of renewable energy such as solar technology, its large-scale integration into the micro-grid of energy production remains complicated because the large-scale photovoltaic power plants directly connected to the electricity grid may create instabilities. In addition, this variability of the solar resource does not allow the use of photovoltaics for the stand-alone system. Dealing with these issues, one of the solutions for a deployment of renewables such as photovoltaic is the set-up of energy storage inside the grid. However, the most common technique is based on the use of lithium-ion batteries, which remains not environmentally friendly during the recycling or during the destruction after their use. So, the Compressed Air Energy Storage system (CAES) appears as a solution to this disadvantage. In fact, my thesis aims to study the feasibility of this kind of energy storage technology using a small and medium photovoltaic power plant, and its instant operation to supply electricity to the buildings and the unconnected areas. In this thesis, we present the modeling, simulation, and optimization of a ten-kilowatt compressed air storage system designed to supply instantly a building with real loads. The model performed reflects the dynamic operation of the overall system consisting of the building, the photovoltaic field, the electrical grid, and the compressed air storage module. The optimization carried out allows the sizing of a compressed air storage system with a better efficiency (about 55%). The integration of a heat recovery unit equipped with electrical resistance and the adding of a variable speed compression module allow the building to reach the energy autonomy as a battery system for a standalone site
Phrakonkham, Sengprasong. "Contribution au pré dimensionnement et à l'optimisation des sites de production d'énergie électrique en site isolé à partir des énergies renouvelables : application au cas du Laos". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112138.
Since 2004, a collaboration between Université Paris Sud of France and the Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, National University of Laos (NUOL) has been carried out on the control of power electronics for the management of renewable energies source in Laos. Therefore in 2009, the French Government has funded a PhD thesis on the development of a designing tool for the early-sizing of renewable electricity production for isolated villages in Laos. This thesis report is organized in three chapters:Chapter I presents a short review of the status and development plans for the electrification of Laos. Then, based on a two-month field study in Northern Laos, analyses of energy consumptions of households in isolated villages and available renewable sources, using small scale hydro power plants and solar systems among others, are presented. Afterward, micro-grid configurations and technologies adapted to Laos are discussed. Obtained results are used in the next chapters as specifications for the designing tool.Chapter II focuses on software tools for system design and system modeling. First, a short review of the existing early-sizing tools for renewable energy sources for isolated villages is presented. But an analysis of evaluated software's such as LEAP, HOMER, HOGA, etc. shows that they are not opened enough to facilitate the development of a flexible and scalable designing too. Thus, Matlab/Simulink software is chosen as an open and highly adaptable architecture research tool. Then, specific models for renewable sources, storage devices, grid configuration are developed in order to facilitate the optimization procedures of an off-grid system design. After that, a short review of the existing optimization algorithms, available in Matlab, is carried out. Then, a paralleled mono-objective Genetic Algorithm is configured and applied in the next chapter.Chapter III presents several designs of isolated villages in Laos, using renewable energies. The specifications focus on isolated villages of about 50 houses for 120 inhabitants. The economic aspect is a key point in order to minimize costs of designed system while satisfying daily load demands of the village. For this task, locally available natural resources such as rivers and solar radiation are considered as energy sources. Various optimizations using continuous and discrete optimization algorithms are conducted taken into account the sources constraints and a short review of the existing hybrid system performance indicators is carried out, such as: Loss of Power Supply Probability, Forced outage rates, Annualized Cost of System, Levelized Cost of Energy, etc. Finally, the results obtained in this thesis show that renewable sources can be used at a reasonable price for off-grid electrification of isolated villages in Laos. Moreover, the developed designing tool can easily be adapted to new models of renewable sources and storage devices, which is the main interest of a designing tool for the early-sizing of off-grid renewable electricity production for isolated villages in Laos
Abdou, Tankari Mahamadou. "Système multi-sources de production d'énergie électrique : méthode de dimensionnement d'un système hybride et mise en œuvre expérimentale de l'optimisation de la gestion d'énergie". Le Havre, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LEHA0011.
This work is funded by the "Region Haute Normandie", the University of Le Havre and the GREAH laboratory, within the scope of research activities developed in the decades by GREAH laboratory on integration of renewable energy sources in systems of power generation and energy storage. The hybrid system considered consists of a wind generator, a diesel generator, photovoltaic panels, ultracapacitors and lead acid batteries for supplying the autonomous site (consumers). The wind power generator and photovoltaic panels are regulated at their maximum power to increase the penetration ratio of the renewable energy. The wind power fluctuations are dispatched between ultracapacitors and batteries according to the dynamics of each source. The using of ultracapacitors reduces the number of the battery cycles of charges and discharges, thereby improving its life and reduces its size. Because of the battery is the weak link of the system, we introduce a method to estimate its lifetime. The diesel generator is interfaced with the power electronics in aims to regulate the DC-bus voltage while compensating the difference between the load demand and the average value of the wind power. Fluctuations induced by the wind power generator are being absorbed by the storage devices. The diesel generator compensates only low frequencies energy compatible with its dynamics. This method can improve the performance of the diesel engine and can reduce the fuel consumption. The control laws of power converters and the energy transfer management methods are developed from a study of the technological characteristics of different components of the system. The modelling and sizing of the physical system is conducted in aim to perform the experimental implementation. The power electronic converters and the acquiring system (and measuring) are realised in the laboratory. During the experiments, different sources are inserted into the system in an evolutionary way to highlight the constraints and interactions introduced by each interconnected source. This also allows us to develop solutions tailored to each situation and to continue the experiments efficiently. Indeed, the insertion of a new source generally disrupts the stability of the system and often requires a readjustment of the parameters of the overall system regulation. Analyses of experimental results show the effectiveness of the strategy proposed for the energy management and the control of power converters
Troudi, Rami. "Étude, conception et structure de commande temps réel d'un onduleur multiniveau à partir d'une seule source DC ; applications énergies renouvelables et véhicules électriques". Thesis, Poitiers, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021POIT2262.
Rami Troudi's thesis research work addresses three problematics:- the first is to design a three-phase multilevel inverter for applications based on renewable energies connected to the power grid, or for electric motor drive of electric vehicles. In the first application, the use of multilevel arms greatly limit the coupling inductances with the power grid, while in the second application, the torque delivered by the motor is of better quality.- the second is to design a DC-DC converter structure having only one DC source destinated to supply this multilevel inverter.- the third is the design of a real-time control architecture based on microcontrollers leading to a large capacity of evolution and calculation and an ease industrialization.The thesis manuscript is organized into four chapters.The first chapter presents a state of art of multilevel inverter structures. This technology is becoming an important research topic today. This chapter gives the advantages and disadvantages of each conventional multilevel inverter topology as well as the new topologies with a reduction in the number of components. This chapter also give a reviews of the state of art of chopper structures with one or multiple inputs-outputs (MISO, MIMO and SIMO). This chapter also presents the advantages and the disadvantages of each family of structure with their regulation. The end of the chapter presents the new topologies retained for the multilevel inverter and the SIQO chopper (one input-four outputs).The second chapter is devoted to the presentation of the structure of the proposed multilevel inverter, as well as to the study of its mode of operation, its close control device and its use in a closed loop application. This chapter shows that this structure has the advantage of minimizing losses in power components by having, at any time, few components that conduct the current of each arm, which allows to increase its efficiency. In addition, this chapter shows the simplicity of the used close control of the inverter employing a very simple algorithm. Experimental tests are given at the end of the chapter after the description of the test bed.The third chapter discusses in detail the structure of the SIQO DC-DC converter used to supply the multilevel inverter, its operation mode, its modeling and the development of a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) control. This structure is designed from a coupling of the SEPIC structure with the buck-boost structure and the doubling of each output by a switching system which leads to obtain four outputs from a single DC input. Each structure (SEPIC and buck-boost) manages two outputs with the calculation of two duty cycles. For this, a control synthesis based on an Hinfini method is presented to be robust to the variations of the currents and the changes of the setpoint. The results of the experimental tests are given at the end of the chapter after the description of the test bed.Chapter four discusses the development of one architecture based on multi-microcontroller system. This structure is applied to the control of the three-phase multilevel inverter. This chapter describes all the functions that compose this architecture at the hardware and software level. The distribution of the hardware and algorithmic needs several microcontrollers makes it easier to evolve the demands for additional functions, namely the diagnosis and reconfiguration of an arm, as well as the addition of the active filtering function. This architecture is based on SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) bus communication which allows rapid exchanges between the microcontrollers and also towards an HMI (human-machine interfaces) system
Huynh, quang Minh. "Optimisation de la production de l'électricité renouvelable pour un site isolé". Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS047/document.
The objective of this thesis is to optimize the production of renewable electricity for small isolated network. A system using two renewable sources: solar and wind power, is studied in order to improve the efficiency of energy extracted. For the photovoltaic conversion system, a maximum power point tracking controller is designed using direct searching approach (method Perturbe & Observe) combined with fuzzy logic, taking into account the direction of perturbation. This combination can avoid the disadvantages of the method Perturbe & Observe, and not requires any information about the generator's characteristics or climate conditions. Similarly, for the variable speed wind turbine using permanent magnet synchronous generator, a controller to track the maximum power point, based on the same principle with photovoltaic conversion system, is proposed. This approach has the advantage of using a voltage sensor instead of a speed sensor, this presents a particular interest for stand-alone system comparing to other solutions. Finally, for the realization of hybrid generation system, a fuzzy supervisor is adapted to obtain an optimal behavior of the system according to the variations of load demand and extracted power, taking into account the storage and dissipation system. For each issue, simulation studies are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches
Carriere, Thomas. "Towards seamless value-oriented forecasting and data-driven market valorisation of photovoltaic production". Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM019.
The decarbonation of electricity production on a global scale is a key element in responding to the pressures of different environmental issues. In addition, the decrease in the costs of the photovoltaic (PV) sector is paving the way for a significant increase in PV production worldwide. The main objective of this thesis is then to maximize the income of a PV energy producer under uncertainty of market prices and production. For this purpose, a probabilistic forecast model of short (5 minutes) and medium (24 hours) term PV production is proposed. This model is coupled with a market participation method that maximizes income expectation. In a second step, the coupling between a PV plant and a battery is studied, and a sensitivity analysis of the results is carried out to study the profitability and sizing of such systems. An alternative participation method is proposed, for which an artificial neural network learns to participate with or without batteries in the electricity market, thus simplifying the process of PV energy valuation by reducing the number of models required
Martinez, Aguilar Maricelly. "Production de biobutanol à partir de lignocellulose : un nouveau procédé thermochimique A simple process for the production of fuel additives using residual lignocellulosic biomass Production of fuel additives by direct conversion of softwood bark using a cheap metal salt Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass in biobutanol by a novel thermal process". Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EMAC0006.
In the last years, the energy demand has increased and a large pourcentage of this energy is obtained from fossil fuels, but the use of these fuels has generated CO2 emissions and environmental pollution. For this reason, this research was focused on the use of alternative energies from lignocellulosic biomass to produce renewal fuels decreasing CO2 gas emissions. Canada is a country with high quantities of lignocellulosic biomass which can represent a cheap source for the high value added molecules and fuels production. The first part of the study focuses on the kinetic study of the production of methyl levulinate and levulinic acid from cellulose with a homogeneous catalyst (H2SO4). The second part study the conversion of cellulose to levulinates (platform molecule) using a homogeneous catalyst and a heterogeneous catalyst (Al2(SO4)3). The third part is devoted to study the hydrolysis of methyl levulinate to levulinic acid using copper-based catalysts. Analytical techniques such as SEM, XRD, TPX were used to study the supported catalysts and understand their effect on the reaction. The fourth part of the project relates to the study of the production of 2-butanol from lignocellulosic biomass through the production of methyl levulinate and levulinic acid which are platform molecules and potentially substitutes for biodiesel. Thereafter, the levulinic acid is decarboxylated to 2-butanone and the latter is reduced to 2-butanol using bifunctional catalysts (such as Ru/C and Pt/C) under mild conditions. All of this work contributes to understanding the reactions of the new butanol production process