Articoli di riviste: "Encapsulation intelligente"

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Li, Jing, Fang Xu, Yujie Dai, Jiawen Zhang, Yuan Shi, Danning Lai, Natthida Sriboonvorakul e Jiamiao Hu. "A Review of Cyclodextrin Encapsulation and Intelligent Response for the Release of Curcumin". Polymers 14, n. 24 (11 dicembre 2022): 5421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245421.

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To overcome the low water solubility and low bioavailability of curcumin (CUR), multiple delivery strategies have been proposed. Among these, cyclodextrin-based carriers have been widely used for the encapsulation and delivery of CUR. Cyclodextrins (CDs), as natural oligosaccharides, have been well known for their biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and internal hydrophobic and external hydrophilic structural features. This paper summarizes the recently reported CD-based carriers for encapsulating CUR. Particularly, the polymerization properties of CD self-assembly to enhance the encapsulation of CUR are discussed. In addition, the current progress on stimuli-responsive CD carriers for controlled release of CUR is described, which laid an important foundation for the development of CUR-based precision therapy in clinical practice. In conclusion, this review may provide ideas for the future development of a CD-based encapsulant for CUR.

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Chen, Xi, Qing Long, Lei Zhu, Li-Xin Lu, Li-Nan Sun, Liao Pan, Li-Jing Lu e Wei-Rong Yao. "A Double-Switch Temperature-Sensitive Controlled Release Antioxidant Film Embedded with Lyophilized Nanoliposomes Encapsulating Rosemary Essential Oils for Solid Food". Materials 12, n. 23 (3 dicembre 2019): 4011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12234011.

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In order to match the solid food oxidation during logistics and storage process under severe high temperature, a double-switch temperature-sensitive controlled release antioxidant film embedded with lyophilized nanoliposomes encapsulating rosemary essential oils (REOs) was prepared. The double switch temperature at 35.26 and 56.98 °C was achieved by development of a temperature sensitive polyurethane (TSPU) film. With biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (BOPET) as a barrier layer, the intelligent complex film was prepared via coating the TSPU embedded with lyophilized nanoliposomes encapsulating REOs on BOPET. The results indicate that the REO is well encapsulated in nanoliposomes with encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 67.3%, high stability and lasting antioxidant effect during 60 days. The incorporation of lyophilized nanoliposomes containing REOs into TSPU remains the double-switch temperature-sensitive characteristic of the prepared TSPU. In agreement with porosity and WVTR results, the diffusion coefficient (D) of the antioxidant complex film sharply increases respectively at two switching temperatures, indicating that the intelligent double-switch temperature-sensitive controlled release property is functioning. Furthermore, compared with films directly added with REO, the lower Ds of films added with lyophilized nanoliposomes encapsulating REOs provides a longer-lasting antioxidant activity. Thus, the acquired controlled release antioxidant film sensitive to temperature at 39.56 and 56.00 °C can be potentially applied for protection of solid food during distribution and storage process under severe high temperatures.

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Chiriac, Aurica P., Alina G. Rusu, Loredana E. Nita, Vlad M. Chiriac, Iordana Neamtu e Alina Sandu. "Polymeric Carriers Designed for Encapsulation of Essential Oils with Biological Activity". Pharmaceutics 13, n. 5 (28 aprile 2021): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13050631.

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The article reviews the possibilities of encapsulating essential oils EOs, due to their multiple benefits, controlled release, and in order to protect them from environmental conditions. Thus, we present the natural polymers and the synthetic macromolecular chains that are commonly used as networks for embedding EOs, owing to their biodegradability and biocompatibility, interdependent encapsulation methods, and potential applicability of bioactive blend structures. The possibilities of using artificial intelligence to evaluate the bioactivity of EOs—in direct correlation with their chemical constitutions and structures, in order to avoid complex laboratory analyses, to save money and time, and to enhance the final consistency of the products—are also presented.

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Maltsev, V. V., e A. Y. Yudanov. "Knowledge-based view of the firm and the phenomenon of knowledge encapsulation". Voprosy Ekonomiki, n. 1 (7 gennaio 2024): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2024-1-115-136.

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The article is devoted to the development of the knowledge-based approach to the theory of the firm (KBV). It is noted that the modern mainstream KBV (R. Grant (1996) and numerous followers) sees the nature of the firm in effective integration of the knowledge of specialists employed in it. The article proposes to supplement this analysis with the second important function of the firm — its role as an encapsulator of knowledge. The foundations of such an approach to knowledge were laid by H. Demsetz, but have not yet been developed in the literature. The essence of encapsulation is to reduce complete knowledge to an algorithm of actions sufficient to achieve the goal, which is possible, say, with the help of instructions, directions of the manager, built in constructive “foolproofing”, etc. The compiler of the instruction does not integrate his knowledge with the knowledge of its performer, but prescribes the unquestioned implementation of the algorithm of behaviour. Thus, huge cost savings are achieved on the training of performers. The article considers the limiting case — the scheme of the firm functioning as a pure encapsulator of knowledge, the Markov property of the process is substantiated. The role of the entrepreneur as an architect and manager of the knowledge encapsulation scheme is revealed. At the same time, significant negative aspects of production based on the widespread use of encapsulated (incomplete — you do what you do not understand) knowledge are analyzed. In particular, the non-creative nature of labour in the encapsulationbased firm (a particular manifestation of which is the slow spread of horizontally organized or teal firms) and the threat of disqualification of performers when combining encapsulation with artificial intelligence are discussed

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Carpenter, Chris. "Unconventional Use of Tracer Technology Provides Flow Insights for EOR, IOR". Journal of Petroleum Technology 75, n. 09 (1 settembre 2023): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0923-0058-jpt.

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_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 207431, “Advanced Research and Development in Unconventional Use of Tracer Technology for EOR and IOR: What Lies Beyond?” by Monalisa Chatterjee and Sean Toh, Tracerco, and Ahmed Alshmakhy, SPE, ADNOC, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ In recent decades, tracers have provided crucial insight into fluid-flow behavior in assessing reservoir connectivity. While advancements in versatility of tracer molecules have been published before in the literature, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no work has been published to date that discusses the latest advances in unconventional uses of tracer molecules aiding enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and improved oil recovery (IOR) processes. This work is meant to address that gap by exploring four unconventional uses of tracers that hold significant potential. Microencapsulation of Solid Tracers: Enhancing Intelligent Tracers Previous research specified that factors affecting the current technology of solid tracers include physical space restrictions, temperature, tracer-loading capacity, initial surge, release of the tracer into fluid, and target-tracer concentrations. While the first two factors often are dictated by project conditions, advances in the other factors have been largely attributed to the tracer-polymer composition. For the tracers to be released in a controlled manner across a designated period, polymer structure plays a pivotal role in achieving longevity. The complete paper discusses a technique that is an application revolving around microencapsulation of chemical tracers in a solid shell before the addition of polymer material. Encapsulation vs. Microencapsulation. The encapsulation technique is a complex process involving selection of compatible molecular carriers, understanding their effects, and building the appropriate encapsulation (usually molecular encapsulation) to ensure that the capsules meet the desired outcome of each study. In this paper, an advanced subset of encapsulation—microencapsulation—is presented and its applications in inflow chemical tracing are discussed. Microencapsulation involves a particle, usually of micrometer dimensions, comprising a core material surrounded by a wall material significantly different from that of the core. The difference between them mainly arises from the morphology and the internal structure. The process allows the active ingredient to be protected from adverse external environmental conditions by the encapsulating coating agent. By applying the microencapsulation technique, the release profiles of tracers can be further controlled by changing the thickness, material, and morphology of the encapsulating agent. When applied onto tracers, this changes the tracer-release mechanism to a two-step, instead of the typical one-step, process. Oil tracers that generally are oleophilic will be released when in contact with oil; similarly, water tracers that are hydrophilic will be released when in contact with water. The tracers will remain dormant until the phase of interest encounters the polymer bars, and the two-step process allows the encapsulating agent to further improve the longevity of the tracers.

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Shoji, Kan, e Ryuji Kawano. "Recent Advances in Liposome-Based Molecular Robots". Micromachines 11, n. 9 (20 agosto 2020): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11090788.

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A molecular robot is a microorganism-imitating micro robot that is designed from the molecular level and constructed by bottom-up approaches. As with conventional robots, molecular robots consist of three essential robotics elements: control of intelligent systems, sensors, and actuators, all integrated into a single micro compartment. Due to recent developments in microfluidic technologies, DNA nanotechnologies, synthetic biology, and molecular engineering, these individual parts have been developed, with the final picture beginning to come together. In this review, we describe recent developments of these sensors, actuators, and intelligence systems that can be applied to liposome-based molecular robots. First, we explain liposome generation for the compartments of molecular robots. Next, we discuss the emergence of robotics functions by using and functionalizing liposomal membranes. Then, we discuss actuators and intelligence via the encapsulation of chemicals into liposomes. Finally, the future vision and the challenges of molecular robots are described.

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Loseto, Giuseppe, Floriano Scioscia, Michele Ruta, Filippo Gramegna, Saverio Ieva, Corrado Fasciano, Ivano Bilenchi e Davide Loconte. "Osmotic Cloud-Edge Intelligence for IoT-Based Cyber-Physical Systems". Sensors 22, n. 6 (10 marzo 2022): 2166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062166.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Cyber-Physical Systems allows machine learning inference on acquired data with ever greater accuracy, thanks to models trained with massive amounts of information generated by Internet of Things devices. Edge Intelligence is increasingly adopted to execute inference on data at the border of local networks, exploiting models trained in the Cloud. However, the training tasks on Edge nodes are not supported yet with flexible dynamic migration between Edge and Cloud. This paper proposes a Cloud-Edge AI microservice architecture, based on Osmotic Computing principles. Notable features include: (i) containerized architecture enabling training and inference on the Edge, Cloud, or both, exploiting computational resources opportunistically to reach the best prediction accuracy; and (ii) microservice encapsulation of each architectural module, allowing a direct mapping with Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components. Grounding on the proposed architecture: (i) a prototype has been realized with commodity hardware leveraging open-source software technologies; and (ii) it has been then used in a small-scale intelligent manufacturing case study, carrying out experiments. The obtained results validate the feasibility and key benefits of the approach.

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Jia, Haining, Qiliang Yang, Ziyan Jiang, Wenjie Chen e Qizhen Zhou. "AppSimV: A Cyber–Physical Simulation and Verification Platform for Software Applications of Intelligent Buildings". Buildings 13, n. 10 (22 settembre 2023): 2404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102404.

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Testing and verifying applications (Apps) are essential for a software-driven intelligent building system. Traditional methods connect App programs to hardware devices for debugging and testing on the engineering site. However, App bugs can hardly be found out before they are being deployed and thus always require an extended debugging cycle. To address this issue, we propose a cyber–physical simulation and verification platform named AppSimV, which enables the testing and verification of Apps in a mimic real scene. Taking swarm intelligence building as an example, this paper focuses on the cyber–physical architecture of AppSimV and its implementation mechanisms, including the standardized encapsulation of software components for the building physics model, a multitask scheduling simulation engine, a cyber–physical interaction interface, and the visual monitoring of the simulation process. The implementation mechanisms not only accurately simulate actual engineering scenarios but also facilitate the early detection and correction of issues that may arise during the App’s runtime, thus reducing the debugging time required for the App. With 1200 intelligent physical nodes connected in a swarm hardware system, AppSimV was validated by conducting the strict testing and verification of a set of Apps for an intelligent building. The results show that AppSimV is sound and reliable.

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Ali, Sari Sharif, Mahyar Arabani e Hassan Latifi. "Mechanical performance of intelligent asphalt mixture utilizing rejuvenator encapsulated method". Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 15, n. 55 (28 dicembre 2020): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.55.14.

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In this study, in order to evaluate the effects of heavy vacuum slops (H.V.S) as rejuvenator and nano-Zycosil as an anti-stripping agent on used encapsulation method and mechanical performance of asphalt mixture samples, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), computerized tomography (CT) scan and thermal gravimetric (TG) analyses and also, indirect tensile strength (ITS) and indirect tensile fatigue (ITF) tests were performed. First, an encapsulation procedure to prepare different specimens including modified and unmodified samples with nano-Zycosil was done. In the following, morphology of the nano-Zycosil-modified capsules and aggregates were particularly evaluated. Considering the morphology evaluation and TG analysis diagrams, it was found that most of the capsules resisted the mixing procedure of the asphalt mixture. So, the encapsulation procedure used in this study was a successful technique. In addition, modification with nano-Zycosil as an anti-stripping agent significantly improved the adhesion strength in the matrix of capsules-aggregates-asphalt binder by converting the adhesion type from silanolian to siloxane. Overall, modification of capsules and main aggregates together with nano-Zycosil significantly improved moisture resistance and mechanical performance of asphalt mixture samples.

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Du, Peng, Juan Wang, Guangzhou Liu, Haichao Zhao e Liping Wang. "Facile synthesis of intelligent nanocomposites as encapsulation for materials protection". Materials Chemistry Frontiers 3, n. 2 (2019): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8qm00455b.

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Huang, Chien-Yi. "Intelligent Parametric Design for a Robust LED Encapsulation Process". IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology 2, n. 11 (novembre 2012): 1919–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcpmt.2012.2210221.

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Xing, Huaqiao, Jun Chen, Hao Wu e Dongyang Hou. "A Web Service-Oriented Geoprocessing System for Supporting Intelligent Land Cover Change Detection". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, n. 1 (20 gennaio 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8010050.

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Remotely sensed imagery-based change detection is an effective approach for identifying land cover change information. A large number of change detection algorithms have been developed that satisfy different requirements. However, most change detection algorithms have been developed using desktop-based software in offline environments; thus, it is increasingly difficult for common end-users, who have limited remote sensing experience and geographic information system (GIS) skills, to perform appropriate change detection tasks. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an online geoprocessing system for supporting intelligent land cover change detection (OGS-LCCD). This system leverages web service encapsulation technology and an automatic service composition approach to dynamically generate a change detection service chain. First, a service encapsulation strategy is proposed with an execution body encapsulation and service semantics description. Then, a constraint rule-based service composition method is proposed to chain several web services into a flexible change detection workflow. Finally, the design and implementation of the OGS-LCCD are elaborated. A step-by-step walk-through example for a web-based change detection task is presented using this system. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the prototype system.

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Zhu, Xin-Hua, Tian-Jun Wu e Hong-Chao Chen. "An Interoperable Model for the Intelligent Content Object Based on a Knowledge Ontology and the SCORM Specification". Journal of Educational Computing Research 56, n. 5 (29 agosto 2017): 723–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0735633117725764.

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Based on the sharable content object concept of advanced distributed learning, an ontology-based intelligent content object (ICO) that can automatically reason and be reused is proposed. Then, by extending the advanced distributed learning or sharable content object reference model (SCORM) specification, an interoperable model for the ICO is developed; it involves (a) adding an ontological model of general domain knowledge for intelligent tutoring systems to the SCORM specification and encapsulating the design details of the heterogeneous knowledge ontologies, (b) adding a hierarchical data structure for the current ontology element to the communication data model in the run-time environment of the SCORM specification, (c) extending the application program interface in the run-time environment of the SCORM specification to enable the ICO to query various knowledge ontologies in a consistent way, and (d) adding an Ontology section to the content aggregation model in the SCORM specification to ensure that the same ICO can be associated with different knowledge ontologies. The proposed model extends the SCORM-based courseware model from a multimedia-based structured courseware to the intelligent courseware based on a knowledge ontology and can significantly improve the overall intelligence of the learning system along the lines of the specification, thereby providing a reference for the future development of the SCORM specification.

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Chen, Ying, Runtong Zhang e Shouyi Zhang. "Service Encapsulation-Based Model for Smart Campus". Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations 10, n. 4 (ottobre 2012): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jeco.2012100103.

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Currently, many universities are equipping information facilities, the informatization construction on which the basis of Internet and the information service in the campus begins. The smart campus is an advanced stage in the construction of campus informatization, which can make the daily life in a campus more convenient. This paper analyzes the current construction of campus informatization, proposes an intelligent campus space model, and discusses key technologies based on the idea of object-oriented technique and service encapsulation. This model can support most campus activities, such as access control, e-commerce, and e-services.

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Nikolinakos, Derek D. "Synaesthesia and Encapsulation". Journal of Consciousness Studies 29, n. 11 (1 dicembre 2022): 131–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53765/20512201.29.11.131.

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The concept of informational encapsulation has been important in promoting a view of the mind that has dominated cognitive science. Multisensory phenomena, such as synaesthesia, have been used as evidence for challenging this view. The main objective of this paper is to provide a more detailed understanding of the nature of such a challenge by examining the two types of grapheme–colour synaesthesia, projectors and associators. It is argued that the phenomena under consideration exemplify partial encapsulation failure and that it is expressed in three forms: intramodal, intermodal, and top-down. Additional support for these claims is provided by considering some evidence on synaesthetic-like experiences in relation to the continuity thesis.

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Akoumianakis, D., A. Savidis e C. Stephanidis. "Encapsulating intelligent interactive behaviour in unified user interface artefacts". Interacting with Computers 12, n. 4 (febbraio 2000): 383–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-5438(99)00016-8.

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Wang, Jianhong, Du Li, Yu Fan, Menghan Shi, Yunxia Yang, Le Wang, Yitian Peng, Mingwu Shen e Xiangyang Shi. "Core–shell tecto dendrimers formed via host–guest supramolecular assembly as pH-responsive intelligent carriers for enhanced anticancer drug delivery". Nanoscale 11, n. 46 (2019): 22343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr08309j.

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Yancey, Kathleen Blake, e Michael Spooner. "A Single Good Mind: Collaboration, Cooperation, and the Writing Self". College Composition & Communication 49, n. 1 (1 febbraio 1998): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ccc19983173.

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This article is comprised of a collage of small segments of email conversation between the authors; it also includes fragmented quotes and diagrams. Consequently, it defies encapsulation in a typical abstract. Below is an excerpt that is perhaps the closest one might get to an abstract of this essay. This method of collaboration-which we are arguing is one in a panoply of others-is best represented by a text’s replicating it. This text speaks to its author/s’ collective intelligence, attempts to give it some definition by reference to the claims made here and the ways those claims were developed. The text, we might say, embodies collective intelligence and some of the ways, at least, that such intelligence is created. (Yancey and Spooner 60-61)

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Tang, Lu, Jing Li, Qingqing Zhao, Ting Pan, Hui Zhong e Wei Wang. "Advanced and Innovative Nano-Systems for Anticancer Targeted Drug Delivery". Pharmaceutics 13, n. 8 (27 luglio 2021): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081151.

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The encapsulation of therapeutic agents into nano-based drug delivery system for cancer treatment has received considerable attention in recent years. Advancements in nanotechnology provide an opportunity for efficient delivery of anticancer drugs. The unique properties of nanoparticles not only allow cancer-specific drug delivery by inherent passive targeting phenomena and adopting active targeting strategies, but also improve the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the loaded drugs, leading to enhanced therapeutic efficacy and safety compared to conventional treatment modalities. Small molecule drugs are the most widely used anticancer agents at present, while biological macromolecules, such as therapeutic antibodies, peptides and genes, have gained increasing attention. Therefore, this review focuses on the recent achievements of novel nano-encapsulation in targeted drug delivery. A comprehensive introduction of intelligent delivery strategies based on various nanocarriers to encapsulate small molecule chemotherapeutic drugs and biological macromolecule drugs in cancer treatment will also be highlighted.

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Xiong, Dezhi, e Jingjuan Du. "Research on Topology Recognition Technology Based on Intelligent Measurement Switches". Electronics 11, n. 23 (25 novembre 2022): 3903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11233903.

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Distribution network topology identification provides information on low-voltage station areas in a power system. However, it requires either heavy computation or additional measuring equipment. This paper proposes topology identification technology based on intelligent measurement switches. The topology is identified by using the characteristic current measured by the designed intelligent measurement switch. The modulation/demodulation method and information encoding method for the topology identification are presented. The communication protocol stack structure and message encapsulation format of the topology identification unit are designed. The experimental verification and analysis show that the topology identification technology proposed in this paper has a short identification time and an identification accuracy of 100%, and it can be widely promoted and applied in low-voltage distribution networks.

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Lou, James Z. "Network and Communication Design of a Work Zone Intelligent Transportation System". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1910, n. 1 (gennaio 2005): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191000108.

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Road construction on major freeways is a primary cause of traffic incidents and delays. One approach to improve traffic mobility and safety in construction work zones is to use intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), which can effectively enhance work zone traffic management through advanced surveillance and communication technologies. Although conceptually similar to a traditional advanced traffic management system, a work zone ITS has unique network and communication design requirements. The Palm Beach County, Florida, Interim Traffic Management System (ITMS) was a work zone ITS that was successfully deployed in the summer of 2003. Using Palm Beach County ITMS as an example, this paper provides technical guidelines for applying cutting-edge technologies, such as wireless communication, video compression, and Internet protocol encapsulation, in designing a work zone ITS.

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Saha, Jitendrea Kumar, Kailash Patidar, Rishi Kushwah e Gaurav Saxena. "Object oriented quality prediction through artificial intelligence and machine learning: a survey". ACCENTS Transactions on Information Security 5, n. 17 (30 gennaio 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.19101/tis.2020.517005.

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Software quality estimation is an important aspect as it eliminates design and code defects. Object- oriented quality metrics prediction can help in the estimation of software quality of any defects and the chances of errors. In this paper a survey and the case analytics have been presented for the object-oriented quality prediction. It shows the analytical and experimental aspects of previous methodologies. This survey also elaborates different object-oriented parameters which is useful for the same problem. It also elaborates the problem aspects as well the limitations for the future directions. Machine learning and artificial intelligence methods have been considered mostly for this survey. The parameters considered are inheritance, dynamic behavior, encapsulation, objects etc.

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Saha, Jitendrea Kumar, Kailash Patidar, Rishi Kushwah e Gaurav Saxena. "Object oriented quality prediction through artificial intelligence and machine learning: a survey". ACCENTS Transactions on Information Security 5, n. 17 (30 gennaio 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.19101/tis.2020.517005.

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Software quality estimation is an important aspect as it eliminates design and code defects. Object- oriented quality metrics prediction can help in the estimation of software quality of any defects and the chances of errors. In this paper a survey and the case analytics have been presented for the object-oriented quality prediction. It shows the analytical and experimental aspects of previous methodologies. This survey also elaborates different object-oriented parameters which is useful for the same problem. It also elaborates the problem aspects as well the limitations for the future directions. Machine learning and artificial intelligence methods have been considered mostly for this survey. The parameters considered are inheritance, dynamic behavior, encapsulation, objects etc.

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Michalowicz, Naomi. "‘Magnificent Intellect’: Character, Intelligence, and Genius in Sherlock Holmes". Victoriographies 13, n. 2 (luglio 2023): 210–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/vic.2023.0493.

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Since his first appearances in print, Sherlock Holmes has served as literature’s resident genius. But what does ‘genius’ mean in a world that increasingly conceptualises intelligence as a quantifiable and measurable phenomenon? This essay considers the characterisation of Holmes’s intelligence in the context of a revolution in the way human intelligence is understood – a revolution instigated by Francis Galton’s 1869 Hereditary Genius and emblematised by the invention of the IQ test in 1905. This historical context situates Holmes’s character at the crux of a shift in the conception of intelligence, as encapsulating a moment of cultural wavering between ‘genius’ as a mysterious quality or gift, and ‘genius’ as a higher-than-average number on a scale. Ultimately, this essay suggests that these competing models of the characterisation of intelligence in the Holmes stories illuminate a fundamental clash between the novelistic ideal of portraying incommensurable individuality on the one hand, and the de-individualising trend of the IQ model of intelligence on the other.

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Boeding, Matthew, Paul Scalise, Michael Hempel, Hamid Sharif e Juan Lopez. "Toward Wireless Smart Grid Communications: An Evaluation of Protocol Latencies in an Open-Source 5G Testbed". Energies 17, n. 2 (11 gennaio 2024): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17020373.

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Fifth-generation networks promise wide availability of wireless communication with inherent security features. The 5G standards also outline access for different applications requiring low latency, machine-to-machine communication, or mobile broadband. These networks can be advantageous to numerous applications that require widespread and diverse communications. One such application is found in smart grids. Smart grid networks, and Operational Technology (OT) networks in general, utilize a variety of communication protocols for low-latency control, data monitoring, and reporting at every level. Transitioning these network communications from wired Wide Area Networks (WANs) to wireless communication through 5G can provide additional benefits to their security and network configurability. However, introducing these wireless capabilities may also result in a degradation of network latency. In this paper, we propose utilizing 5G for smart grid communications, and we evaluate the latency impacts of encapsulating GOOSE, Modbus, and DNP3 for transmission over a 5G network. The OpenAirInterface open-source library is utilized to deploy an in-lab 5G Core Network and gNB for testing with off-the-shelf User Equipment (UE). This creates an effective 5G test platform for experimenting with different OT protocols such as GOOSE. The results are validated by measuring two different Intelligent Electronic Devices’ contact closure times for each network configuration. These tests are also conducted for varying packet sizes in order to isolate different sources of network latency. Our study outlines the latency impact of communication over 5G for time-critical and non-critical applications regarding their transition toward private 5G-based OT network implementations. The conducted experiments illustrate that in the case of GOOSE packets, simple encapsulation may exceed the protocol’s time-critical nature, and, therefore, additional measures must be taken to ensure a viable transition of GOOSE to 5G services. However, non-critical applications are shown to be viable for migration to 5G.

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Sun, Bing, Xiao Jin Zhu, Xiao Ping Qiao, Lina Jiang e Jin Cong Yi. "Analysis and Design of a FBG Intelligent Flexible Structure Based on Orthogonal Curvatures". Applied Mechanics and Materials 39 (novembre 2010): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.39.67.

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With the research model of intelligent flexible structure by Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor, the dissertation deals with a design and manufacture methodology for FBG sensor array based on orthogonal curvatures, and offers the experiential analysis and validation. On basis of brief introduction to the principle of FBG sensor to detect curvatures and methodology of structural morphological reconstruction, detailed description of design solutions and manufacture processes have yielded based on orthogonal distributed FBG sensor array which includes some technological parts as the configuration of orthogonal distributed FBG sensor array, the technology of perception range-proportion and orthogonally contrapuntal-pasting, the method of casing and encapsulation, calibration for model structure and so on. Fitting and reconstructing of the model structure and validation of visualization is split up based on intelligent flexible model structure we make and experimental platform we develop. Thus, the result of the experiment adequately shows the FBG intelligent flexible structure designed and produced in the dissertation gives a splendid on fitting and reconstruction, in which the feasibility and validity of the design methodology and key technology has been proved deeply.

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Tian, Wenchao, Bin Li, Zhao Li, Hao Cui, Jing Shi, Yongkun Wang e Jingrong Zhao. "Using Chiplet Encapsulation Technology to Achieve Processing-in-Memory Functions". Micromachines 13, n. 10 (20 ottobre 2022): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101790.

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With the rapid development of 5G, artificial intelligence (AI), and high-performance computing (HPC), there is a huge increase in the data exchanged between the processor and memory. However, the “storage wall” caused by the von Neumann architecture severely limits the computational performance of the system. To efficiently process such large amounts of data and break up the “storage wall”, it is necessary to develop processing-in-memory (PIM) technology. Chiplet combines processor cores and memory chips with advanced packaging technologies, such as 2.5D, 3 dimensions (3D), and fan-out packaging. This improves the quality and bandwidth of signal transmission and alleviates the “storage wall” problem. This paper reviews the Chiplet packaging technology that has achieved the function of PIM in recent years and analyzes some of its application results. First, the research status and development direction of PIM are presented and summarized. Second, the Chiplet packaging technologies that can realize the function of PIM are introduced, which are divided into 2.5D, 3D packaging, and fan-out packaging according to their physical form. Further, the form and characteristics of their implementation of PIM are summarized. Finally, this paper is concluded, and the future development of Chiplet in the field of PIM is discussed.

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Ensan, Faezeh, e Weichang Du. "A knowledge encapsulation approach to ontology modularization". Knowledge and Information Systems 26, n. 2 (16 gennaio 2010): 249–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10115-009-0279-y.

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Cui, Jun, Wangmei Chen, Qiang Wan, Zhongxin Gan e Zihao Ning. "Design and Analysis of a Mobile Automation Testing Framework: Evidence and AI Enhancement from Chinese Internet Technological Companies". Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 14, n. 2 (6 aprile 2024): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/xevpea32.

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This present study mainly describes the implementation and ideas of the mobile automation framework, which supports iOS and Android mobile automation testing technology. This study mainly uses a combination of qualitative and documentary analysis methods, designs some technical architecture diagrams, and writes some open-source code to implement respectively. Meanwhile, The automation code is not made public due to mobile automation security and privacy concerns. The paper is mainly driven by the so file inside Android and the ADB command, while iOS uses some class libraries based on the iOS system. The research framework also uses the Appium framework for encapsulation and research and carries out secondary encapsulation and call based on the internal Appium framework. It is convenient for the internal quality team's automated testing staff to use and execute and improve the efficiency and speed of automated software testing, which is the contribution of this research. Beside, The limitation of this research is that the framework is based on the secondary development and encapsulation of Appium framework, so this study are inevitably some imperfections and bugs that need to be continuously improved and used. Moreover, these contribution results demonstrate that it can combine the businesses of different china internet enterprises to complete. Next, the paper discusses specific cases of mobile automation testing framework and artificial intelligence in mobile framework design and evaluates their effects and impacts. Finally, the paper summarizes the roles and challenges of mobile automation testing framework design and AI enhancement elements and looks ahead to the future.

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Soni, Monisha, Arati Yadav, Akash Maurya, Somenath Das, Nawal Kishore Dubey e Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy. "Advances in Designing Essential Oil Nanoformulations: An Integrative Approach to Mathematical Modeling with Potential Application in Food Preservation". Foods 12, n. 21 (3 novembre 2023): 4017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12214017.

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Preservation of foods, along with health and safety issues, is a growing concern in the current generation. Essential oils have emerged as a natural means for the long-term protection of foods along with the maintenance of their qualities. Direct applications of essential oils have posed various constraints to the food system and also have limitations in application; hence, encapsulation of essential oils into biopolymers has been recognized as a cutting-edge technology to overcome these challenges. This article presents and evaluates the strategies for the development of encapsulated essential oils on the basis of fascination with the modeling and shuffling of various biopolymers, surfactants, and co-surfactants, along with the utilization of different fabrication processes. Artificial intelligence and machine learning have enabled the preparation of different nanoemulsion formulations, synthesis strategies, stability, and release kinetics of essential oils or their bioactive components from nanoemulsions with improved efficacy in food systems. Different mathematical models for the stability and delivery kinetics of essential oils in food systems have also been discussed. The article also explains the advanced application of modeling-based encapsulation strategies on the preservation of a variety of food commodities with their intended implication in food and agricultural industries.

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Yurkovych, Nataliya, Mykhaylo Mar’yan, Magdalena Opachko e Vladimir Seben. "METHODS OF THE FRACTAL APPROACH IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CONCEPTS OF COMPUTER MODELING". Physical and Mathematical Education 38, n. 3 (30 giugno 2023): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31110/2413-1571-2023-038-3-010.

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Formulation of the problem. At the present stage of the development of science education and information technology, their integration, complementarity, and implementation are essential. Therefore, the search for methods of teaching natural sciences, based on the principles of self-organization and computer modeling, corresponds to the immediate tasks of the present. Materials and methods. Methods of comparative analysis, computer modeling, and generalization strategy are used. The study is based on the physics course content and the use of the programming language. Results. An innovative fractal approach to the teaching of physical and mathematical disciplines is proposed as a method of improving independent and creative computer modeling of natural phenomena. The fundamental principles of object-oriented programming (encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism) have proven to be influential in shaping the physical and mathematical aspects of the information architecture of the perception of educational disciplines. The possibility of using this approach in other sections of physics is demonstrated. The developed iterations of the fractal structure are presented in the example of the study of the "Geometric Optics" and "Wave Optics" sections of physics. It is shown that each iteration is characterized by synergy: the addition of a new iteration provides a high-quality and in-depth perception of new information. Conclusions. The formation of the specified integrated fractal structure conditions the integrity of information perception and its formation happens intuitively. The analysis of the conducted studies confirmed the innovativeness and effectiveness of the fractal approach. This approach can be used to develop systems for the processing and transmission of information, intelligent information materials, and artificial intelligence.

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TAGA, Keigo, Junjun ZHENG, Koichi MOURI, Shoichi SAITO e Eiji TAKIMOTO. "Firewall Traversal Method by Pseudo-TCP Encapsulation". IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E105.D, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2022): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2021edp7050.

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Liang, Geng, Wen Li e Yan Bai. "An Improved Model for OD and Object Description in Fieldbus Intelligent Instruments Based on Object-Oriented Design". Key Engineering Materials 439-440 (giugno 2010): 635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.635.

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At present, objects dictionary (OD) and object descriptions used in fieldbus intelligent instruments are based on variable-sized storage and constant property values, which constrains the flexibility and portability in data access and modularization and encapsulation in system design. In this paper, a kind of universal data structure for object description in OD was presented. Universal management of object description with different types could be realized with the proposed structure. Based on principle and methodology of Object-Oriented Design (OOD), an improved model for object description was proposed. In the improved model, constant value used in object code field of object description is replaced by function pointer pointing to object instance handler for data process of object instances belonging to the same class. Universal function structure is used for all class object instance handlers for different classes but instances belonging to different classes are manipulated differently with their own handlers. The improved model for OD and object description was proven effective and efficient by the practice of development and design of intelligent instruments in distributed control network.

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Zhao, Yan Ling. "Research on Data Security Technology in Internet of Things". Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (ottobre 2013): 1752–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.1752.

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The Internet of Things is currently the most popular field of communication and information research directions. Their application in the amount of information involved, are extremely large amount of data. How to ensure the transmission efficiency of business information under the premise of improving networking applications data security to protect the user's privacy data will be particularly important. Paper uses a custom data packet encapsulation mechanism, reducing the overhead of data resources; another based on their cross-platform communication features, combined with secure encryption and decryption, signature and authentication algorithm, the establishment of a secure communication system of things model for the differentiation of things communications environment, providing a standard packet structure, namely smart business security IOT application Protocol intelligent Service Security Application Protocol (ISSAP).

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Shao, Xin Jie, Li Jun Cao, Jin Hua Liu, Qiao Ma, Guang Tian e Hui Bin Hu. "Research on Prognostics and Health Management System for Self-Propelled Gun". Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (novembre 2012): 1938–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.1938.

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Considering the encapsulation, tremendous working stress, complicated fault mechanism and process, an object-oriented architecture Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) system of Self-Propelled Gun is put forward to solve the difficulties in modern equipments’ maintenance decision and safeguard. The relative key techniques, such as fault characteristics extraction, system identification, data fusion among sensors, adaptive fault thresholds setting, intelligent fault inference mechanism and fault prediction mechanism are discussed in detail. Above functional modules compose the PHM system. Their mutual relationships and data flow are shown as architecture graph, which is the basis of PHM system establishment. Simulation verification experiments indicate that the proposed architecture can satisfy the requirements of standardization, hierarchy and evolvement, as well as reducing the maintenance cost and difficulties.

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Paveliev, Mikhail, Anton A. Egorchev, Foat Musin, Nikita Lipachev, Anastasiia Melnikova, Rustem M. Gimadutdinov, Aidar R. Kashipov, Dmitry Molotkov, Dmitry E. Chickrin e Albert V. Aganov. "Perineuronal Net Microscopy: From Brain Pathology to Artificial Intelligence". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, n. 8 (11 aprile 2024): 4227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084227.

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Perineuronal nets (PNN) are a special highly structured type of extracellular matrix encapsulating synapses on large populations of CNS neurons. PNN undergo structural changes in schizophrenia, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, post-traumatic conditions, and some other brain disorders. The functional role of the PNN microstructure in brain pathologies has remained largely unstudied until recently. Here, we review recent research implicating PNN microstructural changes in schizophrenia and other disorders. We further concentrate on high-resolution studies of the PNN mesh units surrounding synaptic boutons to elucidate fine structural details behind the mutual functional regulation between the ECM and the synaptic terminal. We also review some updates regarding PNN as a potential pharmacological target. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods are now arriving as a new tool that may have the potential to grasp the brain’s complexity through a wide range of organization levels—from synaptic molecular events to large scale tissue rearrangements and the whole-brain connectome function. This scope matches exactly the complex role of PNN in brain physiology and pathology processes, and the first AI-assisted PNN microscopy studies have been reported. To that end, we report here on a machine learning-assisted tool for PNN mesh contour tracing.

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Gao, Ming Jun, Jia Li Wang, Qin Cong, Bo Zhang, Xiao Chun He, Xing Fa Ma e Guang Li. "Functionalization of Smart Gels with Beta-Cyclodextrin and Release Characteristics to Simulating Drugs". Materials Science Forum 815 (marzo 2015): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.815.675.

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Smart gels have many applications in sensors, actuators, shape memory intelligent devices, recognition, self-healing, drug release, biomimetic soft robot design, biomimetic tactile, neural regeneration, biomimetic membranes, supercapacitor, dye-sensitized solar cells, advanced lithium polymer batteries, environmental fields, biomedical fields, et al. And that cyclodextrins are one of the typical macrocycles with good recognition ability, and endowed with fascinating hydrophobic cavities and hydrophilic surface, which enable the encapsulation of diverse small organic molecules by forming inclusion complexes. In this paper, grafted copolymerization between acrylic acid and N,N-dimethyl acrylamide in the presence of water-soluble cyclodextrins was carried out. The effect of ratio of copolymerization monomer on the grafted polymer was examined. The results indicated that self-crosslinking smart gel with multi-stimuli responsive was obtained by selecting suitable the ratio of copolymerization monomer, its behaviors of swelling/shrinking were examined. The adsorption properties and releasing characteristics of smart gel were performed with simulating drugs. Some meaningful results were obtained. These series grafted copolymer would also be used to modify the surface and interface properties of low-dimensional functional materials or heterostructured nanocomposites for intelligent organic-inorganic functional nanocomposites, some good results were obtained.

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Zaenchkovski, Artur, e Alexey Lazarev. "Development of an intelligent decision-making system to support scientific and industrial formations VPN connections". E3S Web of Conferences 431 (2023): 05034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343105034.

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The development of information systems to ensure the safe coordination of information flows in scientific and industrial clusters makes it possible to automate a number of tasks aimed at increasing the cooperative interaction productivity. The use of existing traffic encapsulation solutions or the new client-server algorithms development for network interaction affects the decision-making component for managing the TCP/IP structure, authorization of subjects, and support for correct load distribution. At the moment, most VPN servers do not have the specified functionality, which does not allow integrating solutions into existing scientific and industrial clusters. As the main solution, a flexible decision support system is proposed that takes into account all aspects of the virtual tunnel software component. The proposed solution is based on the use of complex methods for assessing the software modules state to make decisions on changing the operation of functional modules. The development result of the proposed system and the conducted functional testing made it possible to automate the operation of VPN tunnels when working with a complex network interaction structure.

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Caldwell, NHM, BC Breton e DM Holburri. "XpertEze : Developing Embedded Intelligence for the Scanning Electron Microscope". Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (agosto 2001): 966–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600030907.

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The second generation of computer-controlled scanning electron microscopes (SEMs), i.e. instruments directed by software executing on conventional personal computers (PC-SEMs), has become the industry standard. Although limited automation has been incorporated by most manufacturers, these features do not significantly alleviate the requirement for operator expertise to attain optimal performance from the microscope. Our approach to the expertise deficit has been to pursue a knowledge-based approach to microscope control, encapsulating human knowledge in software to achieve expert performance. The task of SEM operation was decomposed into five phases - Specimen Preparation, SEM Preparation, SEM Initialisation, SEM Optimisation and External Analysis - and the central three phases were modelled in detail. A stand-alone prototype system (XpertEze) was developed to utilise this model for the LEO 400 series. A web-based version was implemented to support intelligent remote microscopy.A stand-alone knowledge-based system has several disadvantages: its user interface competes for screen space with the conventional control software, its speed of execution is reduced as its instructions must be transferred via application programming interfaces to the microscope, and the operator must learn and manage two sets of software. Our ongoing work has been to remove these problems by incorporating the XpertEze system directly within the control system.

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Li, Yilin, Yuteng Su, Zhaoxiang Li e Yueyue Chen. "Supramolecular Combination Cancer Therapy Based on Macrocyclic Supramolecular Materials". Polymers 14, n. 22 (11 novembre 2022): 4855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224855.

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Supramolecular combination therapy adopts supramolecular materials to design intelligent drug delivery systems with different strategies for cancer treatments. Thereinto, macrocyclic supramolecular materials play a crucial role in encapsulating anticancer drugs to improve anticancer efficiency and decrease toxicity towards normal tissue by host–guest interaction. In general, chemotherapy is still common therapy for solid tumors in clinics. However, supramolecular combination therapy can overcome the limitations of the traditional single-drug chemotherapy in the laboratory findings. In this review, we summarized the combination chemotherapy, photothermal chemotherapy, and gene chemotherapy based on macrocyclic supramolecular materials. Finally, the application prospects in supramolecular combination therapy are discussed.

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Puckette, Miller. "Design choices in Max and Pure Data". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, n. 3_supplement (1 marzo 2023): A230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018738.

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Max and Pure Data are widely used patch languages for real-time media computation, especially live electronic music. Each program was developed with a particular musical production in mind: Philippe Manoury's Pluton (1998) for Max, and Sorensen/Steiger/Puckette's Lemma 1 in 1997 for Pure Data. At the same time, care was taken to make the features of both programs as aesthetically neutral as possible, in order to be useful in as wide a variety of applications as possible. One design principle has been to avoid encoding musical structures such as time or key signatures in either program. Noticeably absent is any built-in facility for machine learning or artificial intelligence. On the other hand, heuristics from programming language design such as modularity, encapsulation, and abstraction have been fundamentally influential in the designs of both Max and Pure Data.

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Huang, Hen-Wei, Mark W. Tibbitt, Tian-Yun Huang e Bradley J. Nelson. "Matryoshka-Inspired Micro-Origami Capsules to Enhance Loading, Encapsulation, and Transport of Drugs". Soft Robotics 6, n. 1 (febbraio 2019): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/soro.2018.0028.

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Zhang, Yingfeng, Dong Xi, Haidong Yang, Fei Tao e Zhe Wang. "Cloud manufacturing based service encapsulation and optimal configuration method for injection molding machine". Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 30, n. 7 (1 aprile 2017): 2681–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10845-017-1322-6.

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Altowayti, Wahid Ali Hamood, Shafinaz Shahir, Norzila Othman, Taiseer Abdalla Elfadil Eisa, Wael M. S. Yafooz, Arafat Al-Dhaqm, Chan Yong Soon et al. "The Role of Conventional Methods and Artificial Intelligence in the Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review". Processes 10, n. 9 (12 settembre 2022): 1832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10091832.

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Water pollution is a severe health concern. Several studies have recently demonstrated the efficacy of various approaches for treating wastewater from anthropogenic activities. Wastewater treatment is an artificial procedure that removes contaminants and impurities from wastewater or sewage before discharging the effluent back into the environment. It can also be recycled by being further treated or polished to provide safe quality water for use, such as potable water. Municipal and industrial wastewater treatment systems are designed to create effluent discharged to the surrounding environments and must comply with various authorities’ environmental discharge quality rules. An effective, low-cost, environmentally friendly, and long-term wastewater treatment system is critical to protecting our unique and finite water supplies. Moreover, this paper discusses water pollution classification and the three traditional treatment methods of precipitation/encapsulation, adsorption, and membrane technologies, such as electrodialysis, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and other artificial intelligence technology. The treatment performances in terms of application and variables have been fully addressed. The ultimate purpose of wastewater treatment is to protect the environment that is compatible with public health and socioeconomic considerations. Realization of the nature of wastewater is the guiding concept for designing a practical and advanced treatment technology to assure the treated wastewater’s productivity, safety, and quality.

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Long, Yu, e Kefei Chen. "Efficient chosen-ciphertext secure certificateless threshold key encapsulation mechanism". Information Sciences 180, n. 7 (aprile 2010): 1167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2009.12.008.

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Zeiser, R., T. Fellner e J. Wilde. "Capacitive strain gauges on flexible polymer substrates for wireless, intelligent systems". Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 3, n. 1 (10 aprile 2014): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-3-77-2014.

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Abstract. This paper presents a novel capacitive strain gauge with interdigital electrodes, which was processed on polyimide and LCP (liquid crystal polymer) foil substrates. The metallization is deposited and patterned using thin-film technology with structure sizes down to 15 μm. We determined linear strain sensitivities for our sensor configuration and identified the most influencing parameters on the output signal by means of an analytical approach. Finite-element method (FEM) simulations of the strain gauge indicated the complex interaction of mechanical strains within the sensitive structure and their effect on the capacitance. The influence of geometry and material parameters on the strain sensitivity was investigated and optimized. We implemented thin films on 50 μm thick standard polymer foils by means of a temporary bonding process of the foils on carrier wafers. The characterization of the strain sensors after fabrication revealed the gauge factor as well as the cross sensitivities on temperatures up to 100 °C and relative humidity up to 100%. The gauge factor of a sensor with an electrode width of 45 μm and a clearance of 15 μm was −1.38 at a capacitance of 48 pF. Furthermore, we achieved a substantial reduction of the cross sensitivity against humidity from 1435 to 55 ppm %−1 RH when LCP was used for the sensor substrate and the encapsulation instead of polyimide. The gauge factor of a sensor half-bridge consisting of two orthogonal capacitors was 2.3 and the cross sensitivity on temperature was reduced to 240 ppm K−1. Finally, a sensor system was presented that utilizes a special instrumentation Integrated Circuit (IC). For this system, performance data comprising cross sensitivities and power consumption are given.

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Choi, Hana, Tongil Park, Gyomin Hwang, Youngji Ko, Dohun Lee, Taeksu Lee, Jong-Oh Park e Doyeon Bang. "Fabrication of Origami Soft Gripper Using On-Fabric 3D Printing". Robotics 12, n. 6 (8 novembre 2023): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics12060150.

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In this work, we have presented a soft encapsulating gripper for gentle grasps. This was enabled by a series of soft origami patterns, such as the Yoshimura pattern, which was directly printed on fabric. The proposed gripper features a deformable body that enables safe interaction with its surroundings, gentle grasps of delicate and fragile objects, and encapsulated structures allowing for noninvasive enclosing. The gripper was fabricated by a direct 3D printing of soft materials on fabric. This allowed for the stiffness adjustment of gripper components and a simple fabrication process. We evaluated the grasping performance of the proposed gripper with several delicate and ultra-gentle objects. It was concluded that the proposed gripper could manipulate delicate objects from fruits to silicone jellyfishes and, therefore, have considerable potential for use as improved soft encapsulating grippers in agriculture and engineering fields.

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Urbanowicz, Ryan J., e Jason H. Moore. "Learning Classifier Systems: A Complete Introduction, Review, and Roadmap". Journal of Artificial Evolution and Applications 2009 (22 settembre 2009): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/736398.

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If complexity is your problem, learning classifier systems (LCSs) may offer a solution. These rule-based, multifaceted, machine learning algorithms originated and have evolved in the cradle of evolutionary biology and artificial intelligence. The LCS concept has inspired a multitude of implementations adapted to manage the different problem domains to which it has been applied (e.g., autonomous robotics, classification, knowledge discovery, and modeling). One field that is taking increasing notice of LCS is epidemiology, where there is a growing demand for powerful tools to facilitate etiological discovery. Unfortunately, implementation optimization is nontrivial, and a cohesive encapsulation of implementation alternatives seems to be lacking. This paper aims to provide an accessible foundation for researchers of different backgrounds interested in selecting or developing their own LCS. Included is a simple yet thorough introduction, a historical review, and a roadmap of algorithmic components, emphasizing differences in alternative LCS implementations.

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Ali, Fayaz, Imran Khan, Jianmin Chen, Kalsoom Akhtar, Esraa M. Bakhsh e Sher Bahadar Khan. "Emerging Fabrication Strategies of Hydrogels and Its Applications". Gels 8, n. 4 (24 marzo 2022): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8040205.

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Recently, hydrogels have been investigated for the controlled release of bioactive molecules, such as for living cell encapsulation and matrices. Due to their remote controllability and quick response, hydrogels are widely used for various applications, including drug delivery. The rate and extent to which the drugs reach their targets are highly dependent on the carriers used in drug delivery systems; therefore the demand for biodegradable and intelligent carriers is progressively increasing. The biodegradable nature of hydrogel has created much interest for its use in drug delivery systems. The first part of this review focuses on emerging fabrication strategies of hydrogel, including physical and chemical cross-linking, as well as radiation cross-linking. The second part describes the applications of hydrogels in various fields, including drug delivery systems. In the end, an overview of the application of hydrogels prepared from several natural polymers in drug delivery is presented.

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Zenisek, Sergio-Francis M., Eric J. Hayden e Niles Lehman. "Genetic Exchange Leading to Self-Assembling RNA Species upon Encapsulation in Artificial Protocells". Artificial Life 13, n. 3 (luglio 2007): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl.2007.13.3.279.

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The encapsulation of information-bearing macromolecules inside protocells is a critical step in scenarios for the origins of life on the Earth as well as for the construction of artificial living systems. For these protocells to emulate life, they must be able to transmit genetic information to other cells. We have used a water-in-oil emulsion system to simulate the compartmentalization of catalytic RNA molecules. By exploiting RNA-directed recombination reactions previously developed in our laboratory, including a ribozyme self-assembly pathway, we demonstrate that it is possible for information to be exchanged among protocells. This can happen either indirectly by the passage of divalent cations through the inter-protocellular medium (oil), or by the direct interaction of two or more protocells that allows RNA molecules to be exchanged. The degree of agitation affects the ability of such exchange. The consequences of these results include the implications that prototypical living systems can transmit information among compartments, and that the environment can regulate the extent of this crosstalk.

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