Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Empirically validated treatment"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Empirically validated treatment"
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Birnbrauer, Jay S. "Empirically Validated Learning Environments". Behaviour Change 14, n. 1 (marzo 1997): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900003697.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
“Treatment” connotes “one off” and “short-term” and treatments are applied after problems have failed to respond to natural, culturally acceptable methods. In developmental disability, continuing interventions that begin early are our best hope; natural methods are part of the problem. Treatment methods are validated for particular problems and circumstances.need to be applied competently and monitored by therapists who have throrough grounding in scientific method and principles of behaviour. Nominating empirically validated treatments does not diminish the need for highly trained behaviour analysts.
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King, Neville J. "Empirically Validated Treatments and AACBT". Behaviour Change 14, n. 1 (marzo 1997): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900003648.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Recently, the American Psychological Association (APA; 1993) Division of Clinical Psychologists (Division 12) established a task force to define empirically validated treatment and make recommendations in relation to methods for educating mental health professionals, third-party payors, and the public about effective psychotherapies. Predictably, the task force report has a somewhat controversial status but continues to be an influential blueprint for the improvement of clinical psychology in various countries including Australia. The role of the Australian Association for Cognitive and Behaviour Therapy (AACBT) is highlighted in relation to accreditation and mandatory professional development (Australian Psychological Society).
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King, Michael C. "Realpolitik and the empirically validated treatment debate." Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne 40, n. 4 (1999): 306–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0086845.
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Kavanagh, David J. "Empirically Validated Interventions for Adult Disorders". Behaviour Change 14, n. 1 (marzo 1997): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900003685.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The movement towards evidence-based practice in psychology and medicine should offer few problems in cognitive-behaviour therapies because it is consistent with the principles by which they have been developed and disseminated. However, the criteria for assessing empirical status, including the heavy emphasis on manualised treatments, need close examination. A possible outcome of the evidence-based movement would be to focus on the application of manualised treatments in both training and clinical practice; problems with that approach are discussed. If we are committed to evidence-based treatment, comparisons between psychological and pharmacological interventions should also be included so that rational health care decisions can be made. We should not be afraid of following the evidence, even when it supports treatments that are not cognitive-behavioural in stated orientation. Such results should be taken as an opportunity for theoretical development and new empirical inquiry rather than be a cause for concern.
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James, Jack E. "Empirically Validated Treatments: Health Psychology Interventions". Behaviour Change 14, n. 1 (marzo 1997): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s081348390000365x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Whereas King's (1977) focus was clinical psychology, the present commentary considers empirical validation of psychological practice in health settings. Comparisons are made with the fact that most diagnostic and therapeutic medical practices in use have yet to be empirically validated. At the population level, modern medicine does not appear to have had a large impact on any of the major causes of premature death, past or present. Conversely, there is strong evidence that all current major causes of death are closely related to behaviour pattern. However, there are formidable obstacles to the uptake and future development of behavioural interventions in health settings. Issues subsumed under the rubric of quality of care are particularly important, including appropriateness (treatment should not be applied when it is not needed — avoidance of overservicing), and necessity (treatment should be available to persons in need — avoidance of underservicing). The general public, health practitioners, and health policy makers are relatively uninformed about relevant psychological practices and about the central role of psychological processes in all aspects of human health.
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Stricker, George. "Empirically validated treatment, psychotherapy manuals, and psychotherapy integration." Journal of Psychotherapy Integration 6, n. 3 (1996): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0101103.
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Halford, W. Kim. "Empirically Validated Psychological Treatment: What Does It Mean in the Domain of Relationship Problems?" Behaviour Change 14, n. 1 (marzo 1997): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900003661.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The concept of empirically validated treatments is an attempt to focus psychological training and practice on treatments that work. In this paper, I examine the complexities of defining the concept with reference to the treatment of relationship problems. The key criterion employed to define a treatment as empirically validated is established efficacy within controlled trials. I suggest that the criteria need to be expanded to include assessment of the variability, clinical significance, and durability of treatment effects, the relative efficacy of alternative approaches, and the ease of dissemination of treatments. Whilst few, if any, psychological treatments currently have data on whether they meet all these criteria, I suggest that setting these more ambitious criteria will direct us towards the ultimate goal of offering better psychological treatments.
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Wolchik, Sharlene A., Lillie Weiss e Melanie A. Katzman. "An empirically validated, short-term psychoeducational group treatment program for bulimia". International Journal of Eating Disorders 5, n. 1 (gennaio 1986): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-108x(198601)5:1<21::aid-eat2260050103>3.0.co;2-p.
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Addis, Michael E. "Evaluating the Treatment Manual as a Means of Disseminating Empirically Validated Psychotherapies". Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 4, n. 1 (marzo 1997): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.1997.tb00094.x.
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King, Neville J., Geoffrey N. Molloy, David Heyne, Gregory C. Murphy e Thomas H. Ollendick. "EMOTIVE IMAGERY TREATMENT FOR CHILDHOOD PHOBIAS: A CREDIBLE AND EMPIRICALLY VALIDATED INTERVENTION?" Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 26, n. 2 (aprile 1998): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465898000125.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Childhood phobias are complexly determined but responsive to behavioral interventions. This review focuses on emotive imagery, a variant of systematic desensitization developed specifically for use in treatment of children’s excessive fears. Although emotive imagery appears to be a useful treatment procedure, further research is needed before it could be considered as having “well-established” empirical status. Several other important methodological and theoretical issues are emphasized.
Tesi sul tema "Empirically validated treatment"
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Luiker, Henry George. "Predictors of outcome for severely emotionally disturbed children in treatment". University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2571.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Doctor of Philosophy (Phd)Despite general agreement that severely emotionally disturbed children and adolescents are an "at risk" group, and that ongoing evaluation and research into the effectiveness of services provided for them is important, very little outcome evaluation actually takes place. The absence of well-conducted and appropriately interpreted studies is particularly notable for day or residential treatment programs, which cater for the most severely emotionally disturbed youths. This thesis outlines the main areas of conceptual, pragmatic and methodological confusion and neglect which impede progress in research in this area. It argues for plurality of data analytic strategies and research designs. It then critically reviews the reported findings about the effectiveness of day and residential treatment in specialist facilities, and the predictors of good outcomes for this treatment type. This review confirms that there is very little to guide practice. Having argued for the legitimacy of its methods and the necessity to address basic questions, the thesis reports the results of a naturalistic study based on data accumulated during a decade-long evaluative research program taking place at Arndell Child and Adolescent Unit, Sydney. The study addresses the question of what child, family and treatment variables predict outcome for 159 children and adolescents treated at this facility from 1990 to 1999. Statistically significant results with large effect size were obtained. Among the most disturbed subgroup of forty three children, (a) psychodynamic milieu-based treatment was shown to be more effective than the “empirically-validated” cognitive-behavioural treatment which superseded it in 1996, and (b) children from step-families showed better outcome than those from other family structures. Furthermore, it was found for the study sample as a whole that severe school-based problem behaviours were associated with a limited trajectory of improvement in home-based problem behaviour. These results are discussed with regard to implications for treatment, research methodology, policy and further studies.
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Luiker, Henry George. "Predictors of outcome for severely emotionally disturbed children in treatment". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2571.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Despite general agreement that severely emotionally disturbed children and adolescents are an "at risk" group, and that ongoing evaluation and research into the effectiveness of services provided for them is important, very little outcome evaluation actually takes place. The absence of well-conducted and appropriately interpreted studies is particularly notable for day or residential treatment programs, which cater for the most severely emotionally disturbed youths. This thesis outlines the main areas of conceptual, pragmatic and methodological confusion and neglect which impede progress in research in this area. It argues for plurality of data analytic strategies and research designs. It then critically reviews the reported findings about the effectiveness of day and residential treatment in specialist facilities, and the predictors of good outcomes for this treatment type. This review confirms that there is very little to guide practice. Having argued for the legitimacy of its methods and the necessity to address basic questions, the thesis reports the results of a naturalistic study based on data accumulated during a decade-long evaluative research program taking place at Arndell Child and Adolescent Unit, Sydney. The study addresses the question of what child, family and treatment variables predict outcome for 159 children and adolescents treated at this facility from 1990 to 1999. Statistically significant results with large effect size were obtained. Among the most disturbed subgroup of forty three children, (a) psychodynamic milieu-based treatment was shown to be more effective than the “empirically-validated” cognitive-behavioural treatment which superseded it in 1996, and (b) children from step-families showed better outcome than those from other family structures. Furthermore, it was found for the study sample as a whole that severe school-based problem behaviours were associated with a limited trajectory of improvement in home-based problem behaviour. These results are discussed with regard to implications for treatment, research methodology, policy and further studies.
Libri sul tema "Empirically validated treatment"
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McCloskey, Michael S., Mitchell E. Berman e Kurtis Noblett. Assessment and Treatment of Intermittent Explosive Disorder. A cura di Jon E. Grant e Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0099.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Intermittent explosive disorder (IED), a DSM-IV-TR disorder characterized by significant acts of aggression and violence, is being increasingly recognized as a prevalent and chronic disorder. Given the personal, social, and economic costs associated with IED, there is a clear need for well-validated assessment measures and efficacious treatments. However, there are currently no published, well-validated diagnostic measures of IED. With regard to treatment, preliminary evidence from a few randomized clinical trials suggests that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioral psychotherapy may be effective in treating IED. However, more research is needed before either can be considered an empirically supported treatment for IED. In this chapter, we discuss (1) challenges in developing reliable and valid assessments for IED and (2) issues relevant to developing and testing psychological and pharmacological treatment interventions for IED.
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Black, Sarah R., e Mary Fristad. Bipolar and Related Disorders. A cura di Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White e Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.18.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bipolar disorder (BD) in children has received considerable research and clinical attention in the last two decades and remains a challenging disorder to diagnose and treat. This chapter begins by describing the diagnoses included under the bipolar and related disorders section of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and providing guidance regarding developmental differences in symptom presentations and differential diagnosis. It then provides a brief overview of risk factors for bipolar disorder, including genetic, neurobiological, and psychological factors. Assessment tools designed to aide clinicians in diagnosing pediatric bipolar disorder are reviewed, as are empirically validated psychopharmacological and psychosocial treatments. A case example highlights the use of these tools and treatment approaches; finally, directions for future research are discussed.
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Gabbard, Glen O. Psychotherapy: Psychodynamic. A cura di Charles B. Nemeroff e Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0032.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Because of the limited data in support of psychodynamic psychotherapy, it is best considered as an alternative to empirically-validated therapies that is useful when standard forms of treatment are not desired or not effective. Recent reports have noted that many PTSD patients cannot tolerate the approaches of CPT or PE. Psychodynamic psychotherapy is a valuable alternative because the development of the therapeutic alliance may be crucial for patients to participate actively in the treatment. The psychodynamic perspective focuses on what is unique and idiosyncratic about the individual rather than how that individual is similar to other groups of patients. The specific meanings of the trauma, the defenses brought to bear to deal with the trauma, and the way the traumatic experience affects the individual’s relationships are all major foci of the treatment. Attention to rupture and repair of the therapeutic alliance may be crucial for the success of the therapy. Much more systematic research is required to support the value of this modality.
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Schneier, Franklin R., Hilary B. Vidair, Leslie R. Vogel e Philip R. Muskin. Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Stress Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199326075.003.0006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Patients with generalized anxiety disorder experience anxiety related to multiple areas, such as work, finances, and illness. Discrete, unexpected panic attacks and anticipatory anxiety characterize patients with panic disorder. Patients with social anxiety disorder have fear of embarrassment in social situations. Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder are preoccupied with and distressed by inappropriate thoughts, urges, and images. The four cardinal features of posttraumatic stress disorder are intrusive reexperiencing of the initial trauma, avoidance, persistent negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and alterations in arousal and activity. One element common to patients suffering from most of the anxiety disorders is an elevated sensitivity to threat, which appears to involve brain systems identified to mediate “fear” responses, including the amygdala. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are the first-line pharmacotherapy treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder and most of the anxiety and stress disorders. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and stress disorders is an empirically validated time-limited treatment.
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Bașoğlu, Metin. A Theory- and Evidence-Based Approach to the Definition of Torture. A cura di Metin Başoğlu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374625.003.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Any attempt to define torture requires a sound theory-based understanding of the psychological mechanisms by which it induces “severe mental pain or suffering.” Among the different theories advanced for this purpose, learning theory of trauma is the one that has been most extensively tested and empirically validated. Substantial research with both animals and humans has shown that the unpredictability and uncontrollability of stressor events lead to helplessness and hopelessness responses, including anxiety and depression. This chapter presents a learning theory model of trauma, provides a definition of “pain or suffering,” demonstrates a contextual/cumulative approach to captivity stressors, and describes a methodology for assessment of captivity-induced pain or suffering. It also proposes a learning theory formulation of torture as “helplessness under the control of others” and reviews its implications for the distinction between torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment and emerging trends in international law in interpretation of torture.
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Bennett, Sophie, Pamela Myles-Hooton, Jessica Schleider e Roz Shafran, a cura di. Oxford Guide to Brief and Low Intensity Interventions for Children and Young People. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780198867791.001.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Brief and low intensity (LI) interventions are a relatively new approach to delivering evidence-based psychological treatments for adults presenting with common mental health problems, and an even newer approach for working with children and young people. Over recent years, empirically validated brief and LI psychological treatments for children and young people have started to emerge and are being used within services across the world. The potential utility of these brief and LI interventions for children and young people is wide-ranging, but the existing evidence and guidance for their application has not been collated into a single comprehensive source. In this book, readers will learn about the research evidence and practical applications of brief and LI interventions for children and young people, including approaches using diverse delivery methods (e.g. single sessions, online, face-to-face, bibliotherapy, and telehealth) and targeting a wide variety of clinical problems (from depression and anxiety to psychosis and autism spectrum disorder). There are numerous case examples for practitioners, as well as chapters on supervision models and implementation in services for supervisors and managers. The final section includes chapters on exciting new updates on the most recent advances in the field.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Empirically validated treatment"
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Corcoran, Jacqueline, e Jane Phillips. "Empirically Validated Approaches to Family Treatment for Adolescent Girls". In Handbook of Prevention and Intervention Programs for Adolescent Girls, 306–23. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118269848.ch10.
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Castro, Felipe González, e Manuel Barrera. "Cultural Adaptation of Empirically-Validated Therapies for Treating Drug Dependence". In Textbook of Addiction Treatment: International Perspectives, 1007–27. Milano: Springer Milan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5322-9_50.
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Castro, Felipe González, Manuel Barrera e Flavio F. Marsiglia. "Cultural Adaptation of Empirically Validated Therapies for Treating Drug Dependence: International Considerations". In Textbook of Addiction Treatment, 519–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36391-8_36.
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"Community Mental Health Centers: Opportunities for Supervising Empirically Validated Treatment Protocols". In Life After Graduate School in Psychology, 135–46. Psychology Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203504956-19.
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Patterson Silver Wolf, David A. "The Best-Laid Plans". In The New Addiction Treatment, 45–58. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197601372.003.0006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter opens with a story of how current beliefs and practices can have disastrous outcomes. It discusses the search to understand why front-line therapists and the treatment systems that employ them were not using empirically proven practices, and a new science that was investigating this research-to-practice gap. This chapter discusses the startling things discovered. Even if it could be guaranteed that every therapist would use evidence-based interventions with every patient every time, there would still be no way to measure and monitor the effectiveness of those validated treatments. In addition to evidence-based practice, a vital tool is still missing to make sure services result in sustained recovery. Along with evidence-based practices, performance-based practice is also needed.
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Dinerman, Jacob G., Brett J. Davis, Jessica A. Janos, Samantha L. Walsh e Louisa G. Sylvia. "Bipolar and Related Disorders". In Management of Sleep Disorders in Psychiatry, a cura di Amit Chopra, Piyush Das e Karl Doghramji, 304–17. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190929671.003.0018.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bipolar disorder is a debilitating mental health condition marked by episodes of mania or hypomania and depression. A person with bipolar disorder cycles between these mood episodes throughout his or her lifetime, leading to significant impairment in functioning and overall quality of life. Sleep disturbances pervade the course of bipolar disorder, occurring before, during, and after mood episodes. Sleep disturbances also negatively impact the treatment outcome for individuals with bipolar disorder. Thus, interventions aimed at improving sleep in this clinical population are needed. This chapter discusses sleep disturbances in the context of bipolar disorder as well as empirically validated strategies to improve sleep specifically for bipolar disorder.
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Hersh, Richard G., Benjamin McCommon, Emma Golkin e Jennifer Sotsky. "Good Psychiatric Management (GPM) for Borderline Personality Disorder". In Personality Disorders, a cura di Robert E. Feinstein, 339–62. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197574393.003.0013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Good psychiatric management (GPM) for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is an empirically validated treatment promoted specifically to be used by the generalist clinician. GPM was evaluated initially as a control intervention in a study comparing it to dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT); the robust response of both groups in the study led to consideration of GPM as a practical, alternative intervention that could be widely disseminated. Despite its name, GPM is a treatment that can be and is provided by mental health clinicians of varying backgrounds because it is relatively easy to learn and to practice. The pressing public health mission to empower more clinicians to treat patients with BPD has fueled the enthusiasm for this treatment. The hallmarks of GPM are its eclectic orientation and flexibility. GPM provides guidance for the clinician, using elements of psychodynamic psychotherapy, case management, and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), with a goal of providing “good enough” treatment. This chapter includes: (1) a summary of the level of evidence for the effectiveness of GPM; (2) an overview of the central tenets and core theoretical underpinnings; (3) the indications for treatment; (4) an outline of the GPM treatment approach with a focus on diagnosis sharing and psychoeducation, the establishment of treatment goals, the adjustment of the intensity and duration of the treatment, the management of self-harm and suicidality, the integration of psychotherapy elements, case-management techniques, and a guide for pharmacotherapy and management of co-occurring conditions; and (5) relevant resources for clinicians, patients, and their families.
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Banerjee, Puja, Saurabh Bilgaiyan e Adarsh Tikmani. "COVID-19 Test Report and Vaccine Certificate Verification Through Blockchain and E-Commerce". In Empirical Research for Futuristic E-Commerce Systems, 181–95. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4969-1.ch009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
COVID-19 was first reported in December 2019 and has spread since then. Different vaccines are under development and digital technologies are used for contact tracing, vaccine monitoring, screening of infection, etc. But the healthcare providers are dealing with many challenges, such as cases of fake documents (i.e., test reports and vaccine certificates). Blockchain can help mitigate the challenges with its features, such as data transparency, accuracy, and decentralization. Even in general day purpose, the verification of the documents is required for booking of airline ticket, hotel room, etc. E-commerce deals with online selling and buying of products, which together with blockchain can fulfill the requirement. This chapter proposes a framework for verification of COVID-19 test reports and vaccine certificates with the help of blockchain technology and e-commerce. The aim of the proposed framework is to validate the details online so that the proper treatment and medication can be provided to the patient. IPFS is used to store the data.
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Wolff, Nancy. "Adulthood Harm and Its Shadow". In The Shadow of Childhood Harm Behind Prison Walls, 91—C4.P106. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197653135.003.0004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Adulthood harm experienced in the community and inside prison as reported by incarcerated men and women is the focus of Chapter 4. The chapter begins with the personal accounts of adulthood harm experienced by justice-involved adults. The qualitative evidence is validated, where possible, with empirical evidence on the prevalence of adulthood harm before and during incarceration. Harm of all types is prevalent in incarcerated settings even though there are legal protections that should keep people safe while incarcerated. Legal protections associated with international treaties on human rights, the U.S. Constitution, and federal and state laws are reviewed in the context of ethical principles regarding the treatment of people while they are deprived of their liberty.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Empirically validated treatment"
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Kang, Jane, Amit Jariwala e David W. Rosen. "An Empirical Model for the Prediction of Hemodialysis System Performance". In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62395.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The examination of steady state behavior of hemodialysis treatment using the analytical model created by Olson et al. revealed that for each set of hemodialysis conditions, a fixed time constant exists that dictates how quickly the patient’s waste level cycle reaches a steady state condition. They also revealed that initial waste level does not affect the final steady state waste level. In this study, an empirical model for the time constant and the final steady state maximum waste level were found that lumps hemodialysis inputs such as flow rates, dialyzer properties, and patient waste generation by conducting a parametric study on a previous hemodialysis model from Olson et al. [1] The empirical model is validated by comparing the curve that predicts how the peak waste level of each cycle changes over time with the analytical model’s results. For all the tested input values which cover most of practical hemodialysis treatments, the curve closely matched the numerical model’s results with R2 value higher than .9973. The empirical model created in this study provides a much simpler prediction method without the use of complex numerical simulations. In addition, the Olson model cannot be used to run an inverse simulation to determine optimal inputs for desired outputs. This limitation is overcome by our empirical model, which further allows much easier and more extended exploration of different therapies (dose length and schedule) for both doctors and renal replacement system designers.
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Enright, M. P., R. C. McClung, S. J. Hudak e W. L. Francis. "Probabilistic Treatment of Crack Nucleation and Growth for Gas Turbine Engine Materials". In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90813.
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The empirical models commonly used for probabilistic life prediction do not provide adequate treatment of the physical parameters that characterize fatigue damage development. For these models, probabilistic treatment is limited to statistical analysis of strain-life regression fit parameters. In this paper, a model is proposed for life prediction that is based on separate nucleation and growth phases of total fatigue life. The model was calibrated using existing smooth specimen strain-life data, and has been validated for other geometries. Crack nucleation scatter is estimated based on the variability associated with smooth specimen and fatigue crack growth data, including the influences of correlation among crack nucleation and growth phases. The influences of crack nucleation and growth variability on life and probability of fracture is illustrated for a representative gas turbine engine disk geometry.
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Chao-wei, Zhang, Dong Xue-zhi, Liu Xi-yang, Gao Qing e Tan Chun-qing. "An Improved Streamline Curvature Method for Centrifugal Compressor Performance". In ASME 2017 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2017-4531.
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This paper describes an improved throughflow calculation method on S2m based on streamline curvature method for predicting the performance of centrifugal compressor. A general method of specifying the empirical data provides separate treatment of blockage, deviation and losses. The spanwise and streamwise distribution laws of losses are described. The paper describes a new aspect of method about the mixing loss. Two-zone model considering the “jet and wake” can obtain the secondary flow width. For this reason, the improved prediction method combined with two-zone model is proposed to correct the mixing loss. Due to the average static pressure at outlet unknown, the secondary flow width is obtained by iterations. This performance prediction method is validated with experimental and CFD data of three cases, including impeller(A), impeller(B) and impeller(C). The results show that the improved throughflow calculation method predicts the performance of centrifugal compressor more accurately than conventional throughflow calculation, with increased the accuracy of total pressure ratio and isentropic efficiency by about 3.18% and 1.30%.
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Luff, John K., e James J. McGuirk. "Numerical Prediction of Combustor Heatshield Flow and Heat Transfer With Sub-Grid-Scale Modelling of Pedestals". In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0144.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A goal for computational analysis of combustors is to produce a tool for life prediction. An important part of this will be the prediction of the temperature field in the combustor walls. The complex geometries of combustor components make this a formidable task. In this paper a 3D coupled numerical flow/conjugate heat transfer calculation procedure is presented for a combustor heatshield. Proper account must be taken of the blockage and heat transfer effects of pedestals. A scheme has been developed to account for these effects without resolving the pedestals in the computational grid. Extra sink terms are included in the momentum equations to account for pedestal pressure drop. An extra energy equation is solved to determine the local pedestal temperature and to account for heat transfer between pedestals and fluid. This treatment has been validated against empirical data for arrays of pedestals in ducts with good agreement for friction factor and Nusselt number. The methodology is then applied to a generic heatshield geometry to indicate that a viable computational route has been developed for combustor heatshield analysis.
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Ali, Mahmoud T. "Reducing Carbon Footprint of Matrix Acidizing in Carbonate Formations. How Much Acid Do We Really Need to Pump?" In SPE EuropEC - Europe Energy Conference featured at the 83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209673-ms.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract With uncertain global economic conditions and calls for lowering carbon footprint, optimizing carbonate matrix acidizing along with other operations is crucial for operators and services companies. Accurate modeling of wormhole growth is inevitable to optimize acid placement in the field. In this study, a field-scale carbonate acidizing model tuned and validated against 600+ linear and radial experiments is presented to optimize/improve field treatments. Unlike previous semi-empirical models, this model presents the wormhole velocity as a function of Darcy's velocity. This model was validated against a huge number of linear HCl experiments with various temperatures, acid concentrations, rock types, and core dimensions. Both internal and published data were used. The upscaling from linear to radial flow was based on changing the flow area and the number of wormholes as a function of acid progression in the formation. The upscaled model was validated against radial experiments and field observations. The results show that the model can accurately predict acid performance under field conditions. The results of this model have revealed that limestone and dolomite formations can be stimulated using HCl acid volumes as low as 50 gal/ft. For limestone formations, low volume acidizing operations (50 gal/ft.) can result in skin as low as −3.1 (well-flow efficiency (WFE) of 1.6). On the other hand, moderate-high volume acidizing operations (100 gal/ft.) will result in skin of −3.7 (WFE of 1.8). The effect of temperature on the performance increases as the volume of the injected acid increased. At very low injection rates (long horizontals/ low Kh zones), pumping 100 gal/ft. will create 5 ft. long and 2 ft. long wormhole at 100°F and 300°F, respectively. For the dolomite formations, pumping 50 gal/ft. of 15% HCl at 150°F will result in skin of −2.7 (WFE of 1.5), while pumping 100 gal/ft. will result in skin of −3.1 (WFE of 1.6). At 75°F, the injection of 100 gal/ft. will create short wormhole (2.8 ft.) in dolomite and long wormhole (12.6) in limestone. This is because the acidizing process is reaction rate limited at low temperature dolomite. This paper presents a new carbonate matrix acidizing model to optimize carbonate acidizing field treatments. Carbonate wells can be stimulated using low acid volumes with little effect on well performance. That will reduce both the cost and the carbon footprint of those operations.
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Li, Haiyan, Lige Tong, Xinxing Sun, Li Wang e Shaowu Yin. "A Distributed Model for Air-to-Refrigerant Fin-and-Tube Evaporators With Special Emphasis on Two-Phase Zone". In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22097.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A general and simple model for simulating the steady behavior of air-to-refrigerant fin-and-tube evaporators, which accounts for detailed flow state inside the tubes, is introduced. To account for the heat transfer between air and the working fluid, the evaporator is divided into a number of control volumes. Space dependent partial differential equations group is obtained from the mass, energy and momentum balances for each one. The corresponding discretized governing equations are solved afterwards. Empirical correlations are also required to estimate the void fraction, the internal and external heat transfer coefficients, as well as the pressure drops. According to the phase of refrigerating fluid, the evaporator can be divided into two distinct zones on the refrigerant-side: the vapor zone and the two-phase zone, while special emphasis is performed on the treatment of the two-phase zone. The distribution of flow pattern has been evaluated with the aim of improving the calculation accuracy. The model prediction is validated against experimental data for an evaporator using R22 as the working fluid, which shows a reasonable level of agreement: the cooling capacity is predicted within the error band of 3%. The developed model will have wide applications in operational optimization, performance assessment and pipeline design.
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Porombka, Paul. "Modelling of Free Surface Flow Within the Two-Fluid Euler-Euler Framework". In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-05133.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Two-phase flows are regularly involved in the heat and mass transfer of industrial processes. To ensure the safety and efficiency of such processes, accurate predictions of the flow field and phase distribution by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are required. Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of large-scale two-phase flow problems are not feasible due to the computational costs involved. Therefore the Euler-Euler framework is often employed for large-scale simulations which involves macro-scale modelling of the turbulent shear stress and the interphase momentum transfer. As a long term objective, the research activities at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) pursue the development of general models for two-phase flows which are based on first principles and include less empiricism. Part of this effort is focused on the development of an algebraic interfacial area density model (AIAD) which enables the simulation of two-phase flows with general morphologies including bubble, droplet and stratified flow regimes with the two-fluid approach. In this work a short overview of the AIAD model is given and recent developments are presented. The modelling of the interfacial drag in free surface flows is of particular interest and subject to ongoing research. Apart from empirical correlations, which are limited to certain flow regimes, different models for the local calculation of the interfacial drag have been developed. The latter approach is followed in the AIAD model and has recently been subject to modifications which are presented and validated as a part of this study. Furthermore, special attention is paid to the turbulence treatment at the phase boundary of free surface flows. A general damping of the gas-side turbulent fluctuations in the near interface region has been described previously in the literature but has not yet found its way into eddy viscosity turbulence models. In this work, a previously proposed damping source term for the k-ω turbulence model is validated. Model validation is performed by comparing the simulation results to experimental data in case of stratified, countercurrent air-water flow in a closed channel.
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Yoshimori, Takashi, Masaki Fukagawa e Hiroshi Takamatsu. "Effect of Cell-to-Surface Interaction on Freeze Tolerance and Osmotic Response of Cells". In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192404.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cryopreservation of tissues and organs, including artificial organs, could be one of the important steps in the medical service that brings the progress in the tissue engineering to realization. In this case, high viability of cryopreserved cells is critical to recovery after transplantation. In contrast, in the cryosurgery, which is expected to expand its application as a minimally invasive treatment of cancer, malignant cells should be destructed completely to prevent from recurrence. The appropriate freeze-thaw protocol is therefore needed to be established for cryopreservation or cryosurgery depending on specific type of tissues and organs. Although it is determined empirically, the underlying mechanism of cell injury by freezing has been explored for a long time to give a scientific basis of the process. The experiments with a cell suspension showed that the cell injury during slow freezing to a relatively higher sub-zero temperature was attributed to the mechanical stress from the extracellular ice, while the effect of elevated concentration of solutes became more crucial to cell damage at lower temperatures [1]. However, there are some studies that indicates the difference in the freeze tolerance between cell suspensions and attached monolayers, some of which indicated higher susceptibility of monolayers to freezing than cell suspension [2] and the other suggested reverse [3,4]. The goal of our study is thus to validate the difference in freezing injury between isolated cells and tissues that are more important in aforementioned applications and clarify the mechanism. We used cells adhered to a surface as a first simple model of cells in tissues. The cells adhered on a surface at low number density were used to highlight the effect of cell-to-surface interaction without cell-to-cell interactions. In the present study we first demonstrate that the survival of cells adhered on a surface is lower than those in the suspension after a freeze-thaw manipulation. Then the osmotic response to concentration increase was examined to clarify if the extent of dehydration is different between these two types of cells. The cells were observed by a laser confocal scanning microscope that allows real-time 3-D observation.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Empirically validated treatment"
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Brosh, Arieh, David Robertshaw, Yoav Aharoni, Zvi Holzer, Mario Gutman e Amichai Arieli. Estimation of Energy Expenditure of Free Living and Growing Domesticated Ruminants by Heart Rate Measurement. United States Department of Agriculture, aprile 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580685.bard.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Research objectives were: 1) To study the effect of diet energy density, level of exercise, thermal conditions and reproductive state on cardiovascular function as it relates to oxygen (O2) mobilization. 2) To validate the use of heart rate (HR) to predict energy expenditure (EE) of ruminants, by measuring and calculating the energy balance components at different productive and reproductive states. 3) To validate the use of HR to identify changes in the metabolizable energy (ME) and ME intake (MEI) of grazing ruminants. Background: The development of an effective method for the measurement of EE is essential for understanding the management of both grazing and confined feedlot animals. The use of HR as a method of estimating EE in free-ranging large ruminants has been limited by the availability of suitable field monitoring equipment and by the absence of empirical understanding of the relationship between cardiac function and metabolic rate. Recent developments in microelectronics provide a good opportunity to use small HR devices to monitor free-range animals. The estimation of O2 uptake (VO2) of animals from their HR has to be based upon a consistent relationship between HR and VO2. The question as to whether, or to what extent, feeding level, environmental conditions and reproductive state affect such a relationship is still unanswered. Studies on the basic physiology of O2 mobilization (in USA) and field and feedlot-based investigations (in Israel) covered a , variety of conditions in order to investigate the possibilities of using HR to estimate EE. In USA the physiological studies conducted using animals with implanted flow probes, show that: I) although stroke volume decreases during intense exercise, VO2 per one heart beat per kgBW0.75 (O2 Pulse, O2P) actually increases and measurement of EE by HR and constant O2P may underestimate VO2unless the slope of the regression relating to heart rate and VO2 is also determined, 2) alterations in VO2 associated with the level of feeding and the effects of feeding itself have no effect on O2P, 3) both pregnancy and lactation may increase blood volume, especially lactation; but they have no effect on O2P, 4) ambient temperature in the range of 15 to 25°C in the resting animal has no effect on O2P, and 5) severe heat stress, induced by exercise, elevates body temperature to a sufficient extent that 14% of cardiac output may be required to dissipate the heat generated by exercise rather than for O2 transport. However, this is an unusual situation and its affect on EE estimation in a freely grazing animal, especially when heart rate is monitored over several days, is minor. In Israel three experiments were carried out in the hot summer to define changes in O2P attributable to changes in the time of day or In the heat load. The animals used were lambs and young calves in the growing phase and highly yielding dairy cows. In the growing animals the time of day, or the heat load, affected HR and VO2, but had no effect on O2P. On the other hand, the O2P measured in lactating cows was affected by the heat load; this is similar to the finding in the USA study of sheep. Energy balance trials were conducted to compare MEI recovery by the retained energy (RE) and by EE as measured by HR and O2P. The trial hypothesis was that if HR reliably estimated EE, the MEI proportion to (EE+RE) would not be significantly different from 1.0. Beef cows along a year of their reproductive cycle and growing lambs were used. The MEI recoveries of both trials were not significantly different from 1.0, 1.062+0.026 and 0.957+0.024 respectively. The cows' reproductive state did not affect the O2P, which is similar to the finding in the USA study. Pasture ME content and animal variables such as HR, VO2, O2P and EE of cows on grazing and in confinement were measured throughout three years under twenty-nine combinations of herbage quality and cows' reproductive state. In twelve grazing states, individual faecal output (FO) was measured and MEI was calculated. Regression analyses of the EE and RE dependent on MEI were highly significant (P<0.001). The predicted values of EE at zero intake (78 kcal/kgBW0.75), were similar to those estimated by NRC (1984). The EE at maintenance condition of the grazing cows (EE=MEI, 125 kcal/kgBW0.75) which are in the range of 96.1 to 125.5 as presented by NRC (1996 pp 6-7) for beef cows. Average daily HR and EE were significantly increased by lactation, P<0.001 and P<0.02 respectively. Grazing ME significantly increased HR and EE, P<0.001 and P<0.00l respectively. In contradiction to the finding in confined ewes and cows, the O2P of the grazing cows was significantly affected by the combined treatments (P<0.00l ); this effect was significantly related to the diet ME (P<0.00l ) and consequently to the MEI (P<0.03). Grazing significantly increased O2P compared to confinement. So, when EE of grazing animals during a certain season of the year is estimated using the HR method, the O2P must be re measured whenever grazing ME changes. A high correlation (R2>0.96) of group average EE and of HR dependency on MEI was also found in confined cows, which were fed six different diets and in growing lambs on three diets. In conclusion, the studies conducted in USA and in Israel investigated in depth the physiological mechanisms of cardiovascular and O2 mobilization, and went on to investigate a wide variety of ruminant species, ages, reproductive states, diets ME, time of intake and time of day, and compared these variables under grazing and confinement conditions. From these combined studies we can conclude that EE can be determined from HR measurements during several days, multiplied by O2P measured over a short period of time (10-15 min). The study showed that RE could be determined during the growing phase without slaughtering. In the near future the development microelectronic devices will enable wide use of the HR method to determine EE and energy balance. It will open new scopes of physiological and agricultural research with minimizes strain on animals. The method also has a high potential as a tool for herd management.