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1
Auxier, Tawni. "Empire of Dirt." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2009. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1087.
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2
Desplancques, Sophie. "L'institution du trésor de l'Ancien Empire au début du Nouvel Empire." Lille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL3A006.
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3
Qin, Haiying. "Empire de Chine, empire de signes. L'oeuvre poétique de Victor Segalen." Toulouse 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU20002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L'oeuvre poétique de Victor Segalen fait un très large usage de la culture chinoise sur le plan référentiel comme sur le plan textuel. La thèse procede à une étude des cinq recueils poétiques de Segalen(Stèles, Peintures, équipée,odes et thibet) dans une perspective chinoise non pour réduire l'oeuvre à la Chine mais pour se servir de la Chine comme un mode de lecture possible de Segalen. L'étude se déroule en deux temps. La première partie est une lecture référentielle. La référence renvoie aussi bien aux éléments de la culture chinoise (histoire, littérature, philosophie) qu'au monde intérieur du poète(son refus de dieu, son rêve nietzcheen, sa vision mystique du monde, sa quête de l'être absolu). Et la symbolique de l'oeuvre se dégage justement de la confrontation de ces deux références. La deuxième partie est une lecture structurelle, Toujours en rapport avec la Chine. Elle prend la Chine comme un empire de signes, de formes. Ces formes chinoises, notamment écriture, stèle, peinture, sont originalement exploitées par Segalen dans la construction de son oeuvre. Cette partie examine d'abord les réflexions du poète sur l'écriture chinoise (en tant que signes isolés, en tant que texte, et en tant que calligraphie) et une certaine poétique qu'il en tire. Elle étudie ensuite respectivement les deux oeuvres maîtresses de Segalen en les prenant chacune comme un ensemble structure et en accentuant chacune leur singularité structurelle : Intertextualité dans Stèles (entre le livre Stèles et la stèle de pierre, entre les poèmes stèles et leurs épigraphes chinoises) et construction spatiale dans peinture (ses spatialitès signifiées - contenu des textes- peintures et peintures-objets, et sa spatialite signifiante - l'espace du texte)<br>This thesis studies the poetic works of victor segalen in their relationship with chinese culture. The first part is a reading of reference. It refers to china's history, literature and philosophy, il refers also to the personal world of th poet (his refusal of god, his mystic conception of the world, his quest of the absolute). The second part is a reading of structure, it is always in keeping with china. For china is also an empire of forms. Of forms. Some of chinese forms have been exploited in an original way by th work of segalen : ideographic writing, stela, peinting. This part examines segalen's reflections on the chinese writing and the poetics he draws from this writing. Then it studies especially two important works of segalen, steles and peintures by accentuating each their singularity : intertextuality in steles, spatial construction in peintures
4
Qin, Haiying. "Empire de Chine, empire de signes l'oeuvre poétique de Victor Segalen /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605712h.
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5
Driscoll, Mark W. "Erotic empire, grotesque empire work and text in Japan's imperial modernism /." online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 2000. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?9953667.
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6
Steel, C. E. W. "Cicero, rhetoric, and empire." Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2001. http://www.myilibrary.com?id=44675.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Originally presented as the author's D. Phil thesis, Corpus Christi College Oxford, 1995-1998.<br>Title from e-book title screen (viewed July 27, 2006). Available through MyiLibrary. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. [234]-245) and index.
7
Steel, Catherine Elizabeth Wannan. "Cicero, rhetoric and Empire /." Oxford : Oxford university press, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38845630g.
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8
Goldstein, Matthew Mulligan. "Theosophy, culture, and empire /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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9
Glaze, Judy M. "Inland empire wildlife bingo." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/843.
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10
Kaplony, Andreas. "Konstantinopel und Damaskus : Gesandtschaften und Verträge zwischen Kaisern und Kalifen 639-750 : Untersuchungen zum Gewohnheits-Völkerrecht und zur interkulturellen Diplomatie /." Berlin : K. Schwarz, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37105252h.
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11
Chasin, Stephanie. "Citizens of empire Jews in the service of the British Empire, 1906-1940 /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1690289521&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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12
Elmayer, Abdulhafid Fadil. "Tripolitania under the Roman Empire." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425735.
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13
Payne, Geoffrey. "Cheltenham College : school for Empire." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424543.
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14
Grant, Benjamin John. "Burton / empire : strategies of appropriation." Thesis, University of Kent, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429786.
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15
Martinet, Émilie. "L'administration provinciale à l'Ancien Empire." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040247.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’augmentation des publications concernant les sites provinciaux datés de l’Ancien Empire, qu’il s’agisse d'ouvrages consacrés à des découvertes récentes ou d’éditions plus approfondies de nécropoles connues depuis longtemps, a accru la documentation relative aux élites provinciales et au système administratif provincial de cette époque. Il était donc nécessaire de proposer une nouvelle reconstitution des structures administratives provinciales et de la hiérarchisation des élites provinciales de l’Ancien Empire. Si l'outil prosopographique reste crucial pour ces thématiques, nos objectifs n'ont pu être atteints qu'en effectuant une analyse croisée de la totalité des sources relatives au sujet, qu'il s'agisse de sources inscrites, iconographiques ou archéologiques, royales ou privées, ainsi qu'en adoptant une approche globale qui dépasse largement le cadre d'une étude prosopographique. Dans le chapitre 1, nous avons analysé chacune des catégories de fonctionnaires ayant eu une autorité supra-provinciale, afin de déterminer leurs différentes compétences et leur sphère d'influence. Nous avons aussi mis en évidence les temps forts de la présence de l’administration royale en province, ainsi que les modalités de son intervention selon les dynasties. Dans le chapitre 2, nous avons étudié l'évolution du statut des responsables des provinces au cours de l'Ancien Empire (les administrateurs temporaires de nome, les proto-nomarques et les nomarques). Dans le chapitre 3, pour analyser les rouages de l’administration provinciale, nous avons choisi de nous concentrer sur les titres des fonctionnaires intermédiaires et subalternes qui se rencontrent les plus fréquemment en province et dont certaines sources, comme les décrets et les empreintes de sceaux, ainsi que la documentation hiératique, attestent leur emploi dans un contexte administratif et contribuent à préciser les modalités d'exercice de ces charges. Dans le chapitre 4, nous avons proposé une typologie des différentes structures administratives provinciales. Nous avons élaboré une liste de 22 critères qui nous ont permis de regrouper les provinces en plusieurs catégories en fonction de caractéristiques dominantes et communes à celles-ci. Trois principales catégories ont été mises en évidence : 1) les provinces qui présentaient d’importantes interactions avec le pouvoir central, 2) les provinces dans lesquelles le temple local occupait une place prépondérante, alors que les institutions centrales y étaient moins présentes, et 3) les provinces caractérisées par une organisation plus mixte, et dont les élites locales présentaient un degré d’intégration moins important à la structure administrative du royaume. Enfin, nous avons démontré, pour la VIe dynastie, l'existence d'une circulation du pouvoir entre certaines provinces sélectionnées par la monarchie et qui ont eu un rôle important dans l'administration de la Haute-Égypte, comme le suggère la présence de certains bureaux déconcentrés. Les élites de ces centres régionaux d'importance ont une influence sur plusieurs provinces et ont permis à la monarchie de pouvoir maintenir la stabilité de l'État et le contrôle d'une partie des ressources locales<br>This study aims at improving our understanding of the provincial administrative structures in the Old Kingdom. The analysis of the titles provides some information about the careers of the provincial officials and the hierarchical relationships in the provinces. The cross analysis of all the data allows to reconstitute the organisation of the provincial administration and its changes during the Old Kingdom. Moreover, despite attempts to standardise the administrative system by the royal power under the Sixth dynasty, the provincial administrative structures were diverse, according to the status of the province in the administration, as well as local factors
16
MAIA, WALESKA SOUTO. "FREI CANECA: THE FREEDOM EMPIRE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=15312@1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>A dissertação analisa, no período de formação do Império do Brasil como
corpo político autônomo, em meados de 1821 a 1825, o caráter polissêmico da
linguagem política e a disputa em torno desses significados. O foco do estudo
encontra-se no projeto político do carmelita Frei Joaquim do Amor Divino Rabelo
Caneca, sinalizando a crítica feita pelo autor ao Imperador e à Corte, sua
interlocução junto aos federalistas pernambucanos, e, ainda, a singularidade
referente aos seus questionamentos e seu horizonte de expectativas. A partir dos
principais escritos políticos de Frei Caneca são recuperados, primeiramente, as
experiências que influenciaram o pensamento do autor, suas redes de
sociabilidade e a influência de sua formação. Em um segundo momento, a
dissertação volta-se para o olhar de Frei Caneca para os debates
constitucionalistas, travados na província pernambucana e os conflitos políticos
traçados pelo carmelita ao defender princípios envoltos nos conceitos de: Estado,
Nação, Pátria e Cidadão. Por fim, analisa-se a aproximação entre o conceito de
liberdade de Frei Caneca e a concepção do conceito feita pelos humanistas
renascentistas.<br>The essay analyzes, the period of formation of Brazil´s Empire as an
autonomous politic party, during 1821 to 1825, the diversified character of the
politics language and the dispute about their meanings. The focus of the study is
in the politic project of the carmelita Frei Joaquim do Amor Divino Rabelo
Caneca, signalizing the critics made by the author to the Emperor and the Court,
his communication toward the federalists pernambucanos and also the singularity
referring to his questionings and his horizon of expectations. From the main
political writings of Frei Caneca are recouped, first, the experiences that
influenciated the thoughts of the author, his nets of sociability and the influence of
his formation At a second moment the essay turns to Frei Caneca´s thoughts
toward the constitutionalists debates, occurred in the pernambucana province and
the politic conflicts traced by the Carmelita when defending principles in regard
of the concepts of: State, Nation, Native, land and Citizen Finally, I analyze the
approach between the concepts of freedom of Frei Caneca and the conception
made for the humanists of renaissance.
17
MacArthur-Seal, Daniel-Joseph. "Britain's Levantine empire, 1914-1923." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283963.
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18
Sarper, Zeynep Selen. "Logistics in the Inland Empire." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2397.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Inland Empire offers many advantages for business. This project documents how the Inland Empire is a suitable area to start and grow a business due to its reasonable space and labor costs, educated work force, infrastructure advantages and easy accessibility to freeways, ports, railroads and airports.
19
Heinzelmann, Tobias. "Heiliger Kampf oder Landesverteidigung ? : die Diskussion um die Einführung der allgemeinen Militärpflicht im Osmanischen Reich 1826-1856 /." Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39234189d.
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20
Moreau, Odile. "L'Empire ottoman à l'âge des réformes : les hommes et les idées du "Nouvel ordre" militaire, 1826-1914 /." Istanbul (Turquie) : Paris : Institut français d'études anatoliennes ; Maisonneuve & Larose, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41004386z.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Histoire--Paris 4, 1997. Titre de soutenance : Entre innovation et tradition, une lecture du réformisme ottoman à travers l'outil militaire, du congrès de Berlin à la Première guerre mondiale, 1878-1909.<br>Bibliogr. p. 323-379. Notes bibliogr. Glossaire. Index.
21
Knapman, Gareth, and gareth_knapman@hotmail com. "Barbarian Nations in a Civilizing Empire: Naturalizing the Nation within the British Empire 1770-1870." RMIT University. Global Studies, Social Science and Planning, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081029.123025.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the emergence of the nation in the British Empire in the process of thinking about empire, economy and biology during the late-Enlightenment and the nineteenth century. A key aspect of this, Knapman argues, was concern over the dialectic of civilization and order as it related to the barbarian and the savage. The notion of the barbarian grounded the European nations in time and therefore constructing a sense of origin and particularism. Equally the savage and the barbarian placed non-European cultures in time. The thesis draws on a range of writers from eighteenth and nineteenth centuries such as Adam Smith, Edward Gibbon, David Hume, Thomas Malthus, John Stuart Mill, Charles Darwin, James Cowles Prichard, Robert Knox and many other lesser-known figures. This is related to an examination of the nation in British representations of Southeast Asia, including colonial officials such as Stamford Raffles, John Crawfurd, and James Brooke who produced encyclopaedic accounts of their experiences in Asia. The thesis argues that while the complex grammar of the British Empire divided the world into spheres of civilisation and barbarism, it retained a special place for barbarians within the core and thus allowed for the naturalisation of nations within the context of an empire of civilizing others.
22
Underwood, Jonathan Allen. "From empire to Empire: Benjamin Disraeli and the formalization of the British Imperial Social Structure." NCSU, 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11042006-221836/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Throughout the last century British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli?s influence and reputation as an imperialist has been praised, demonized, and denied. Though always a target of considerable political criticism, Disraeli?s advancement and, some might even say, invention of British imperial nationalism was celebrated by contemporary politicians, academics, and the general population who considered him ?inextricably entwined? with the notion of empire. However, twentieth century historiography largely downplayed and discounted Disraeli?s influence on late nineteenth century imperial British expansion by focusing not on imperialism as an ideology, but as a phenomenon of economics and power; aligning its genesis with the Industrial Revolution, and the socio-economic theories of Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and John Atkinson Hobson. But, since the publication of Edward Said?s Orientalism in 1978, which reevaluated the cultural and social relationships between the East and the West, Disraeli?s impact on Britain?s colonial century has yet again come to the forefront of imperial British historiography. Disraeli?s rhetoric and political acumen regarding Britain?s eastern empire directly (through the proclamation of Victoria?s title Empress of India in 1876) and indirectly (through his assertion of Conservative Principles at the Crystal Palace in 1872) established a significant hierarchical social structure and consciousness that still pervades British culture today.
23
Jones, Chris. "Eclipse or empire? : perceptions of the western empire and its rulers in late medieval France /." Turnhout : Brepols, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410869188.
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24
Davis, AE. "The Empire at war: British and Indian perceptions of empire in the First World War." Thesis, Honours thesis, University of Tasmania, 2008. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/9195/1/The_Empire_at_War%2C_complete_copy.doc.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis discusses the relationship between the British and Indian soldiers in World War One. The first two chapters discuss the British officers. Chapter One shows how British commanding officers viewed the Indian soliders. Chapter Two shows how some lower-ranking British officers, due to combat experience and proximity to the Indian soldiers, changed their perceptions of people from India and the British empire. Chapter Three discusses the reaction of the Indian soldiers to combat in the trenches of the Western Front.
25
GUILLO, THIERRY. "Antibes sous le directoire, le consulat et l'empire." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE2010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette monographie d'antibes sous le directoire et la france napoleonienne, dresse le portrait d'une petite commune provencale. Ses habitants, bien que citadins, sont nombreux a vivre de la terre. Les agriculteurs, d'abord. Les bourgeois ensuite, de part leurs investissements fonciers : la vente des biens nationaux et communaux illustre bien cette appropriation. Mais tous ces investissements se font au detriment des echanges, alors que le commerce antibois doit affronter de reels obstacles. Antibes, c'est aussi une ville de garnison dont la presence pose des problemes a la population. La ville, en outre, supporte mal le fardeau de la guerre et ses consequences desastreuses, notamment pour son port. Cette commune, donc a la fois terrienne et militaire, est geree par une bourgeoisie peu audacieuse, aux principes remontant a l'ancien regime.
26
Cornish, Rory Thomas. "A Vision of Empire : the development of British opinion regarding the American Colonial Empire 1730-1770." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1987. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349793/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
British colonial thinking was already well developed before the Stamp Act crisis of 1765-6 and this work traces the evolution of such thought from a period of relative neglect through a period of virtual renaissance in the 1750s to the formation of the North Ministry. Based upon both private and public opinion, the analysis concludes that the vision of Empire developed by 1770 was, in essence, the mercantile conceptualism which first encouraged the birth of Empire itself. Thus the work illustrates the strong degree of continuity in British colonial thinking, while at the same time, it provides a basis from which to interpret later British responses to the final crisis of Empire. Colonial theory did not exist in a political vacuum divorced from action, expediency or interest. The successive agencies which aided an awareness of colonial problems - the Board of Trade, the colonial expert, the Seven Years War, the Canada-Guadeloupe debate and the Stamp Act crisis are investigated in a series of interlinked chapters. The advocates of all interests constantly justified their relative positions through an appeal to history, precedent and preconception. This prevented any real progress in British attitudes towards Empire. Paradoxically, as British opinion became more concerned with the Empire its vision had little to do with colonial actualities. In short, even colonial expert opinion was illusory.
27
Cheang, I. Ian. "Deconstruction of the Disney Princess Empire." Thesis, University of Macau, 2006. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1874212.
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28
Grant, David John Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "The mythological state and its empire." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Law, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26140.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
legitimate because it is not the persistence of a secularised theological concept. Although it reoccupied mirror-image pre-Enlightenment questions, say regarding absolutism, it is not first concerned with such categories as ???sovereignty, raison d???etat, will, decision, friend-enemy??? but with ???contract, consent, liberty, law and rights???. However, in Work on Myth, he proposes that man is, and has always been, a maker of mythological magnitudes, of which there can be argued to be an archetypal form. These magnitudes are so fearsome as to allow man to convert his existential fear into fear of an entity the fate of which he can gradually bring into his own hands. In this way, there is the promise of the elimination of existential fear and of the experience of sympathetic conditions of existence. Blumenberg does not address political issues, such as the nature of the State. However, if the State can be shown to be such a magnitude and therefore a political realisation of such an archetype, then it is mythological and so is not modern, even if it is legitimate. It then needs to be criticised to allow the introduction of a radical notion of Enlightenment. The effect of such criticisms would be the replacement of the notions of fear and sympathy with that of self-responsibility as the first interest of the State. Selfresponsibility would need to be promoted progressively. It would require a reconfigured State the prime purpose of which is the promotion of respect and self-reliance of individuals. Its first concern would therefore not be the elimination of fear, which would be understood as unable to be eliminated, nor the creation by it of sympathetic conditions of existence, which would be better a matter for properly prepared and supported, selfreliant individuals. The debate then would be around this axis, where contingency is accepted and managed, not the mythological axis of liberalism and republicanism which has dominated modern political theory since Hobbes. This thesis is first an exploration of the viability of the mythological idea of the State, whether the State is a political realisation of the archetypal myth. It does this through an examination of such thinkers in the political tradition as Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Kant, Rawls and Pettit. The conclusion of this examination is, in sum, that the idea of the State since Hobbes has been, and remains, mythological since it shows all the key characteristics of a mythological entity and the arguments for it have mythological presumptions. It is still first concerned with the fear/sympathy nexus and the debates of the political tradition from Hobbes to Pettit have been carried out around that axis. Further, this is argued to be an arrangement which promotes dominant interests rather than widespread participation of non-autonomous, self-responsible individuals. But if this notion of the State as a progressively refined and dispersed mythological entity is viable, it cannot have existed only in the minds of those in the political theoretical tradition. We should expect to see evidence of it in the beliefs and practices of individual men and women. It must have been not just a political realisation of the mythological State as an idea, but an embodied notion. This thesis is also an exploration of the evidence for that embodiment. It does this by looking at Elias??? analysis of the civilising process in the Middle Ages, at Foucault???s analysis of the emergence and proliferation of the disciplines and the art of government from the 17th century and at the dispersal of the myth through cultural imperialism in the 18th century. The conclusions of these analyses are reinforced by the social ontology of Wittgenstein. Further argument for this embodiment is presented regarding both the common notion of citizenship and the perception of other cultures, that each manifest mythological characteristics. Such embodied practices can be seen as strategies promoted through the State by dominant interests, the purpose of which are the claims to generally eliminate fear and create sympathetic conditions of existence. This embodiment reinforces the initial argument that the idea of the State did emerge and has been established and gradually refined as mythological. In essence and in large part, this is a genealogy of post-Hobbesian political society as mythological. That is, as the political realisation of the archetypal mythological form and its embodiment in the material practice of individuals. The explanatory value of this way of perceiving the State is then demonstrated by its application to the complex conditions of the destruction of traditional Aboriginal culture by the colonising and civilising British, that is the dispersal of the mythological State as empire. From this, it is argued that the mythological understanding of the State is more illuminating that other approaches.
29
Kocak, A. "The Ottoman Empire and archaeological digs." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525625.
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30
Wilkinson, Sam. "Republicanism in the early Roman empire." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531289.
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31
Ryan, James. "Photography, geography and Empire, 1840-1914." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262032.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis considers the relationships between photography and geography in the wider context of British imperialism, c. 1840-1914. It distisses reproductions of sixty photographs. Chapter one situates this research within current theoretical debates concerning the histories of photography, geography and British imperialism. It also discusses the sources used, and provides a detailed outline of the thesis. Chapter two considers the photographic representation of landscape on geographical expeditions, particularly scientific expeditions in central Africa and the travels of commercial photographers in northern India. Chapter three focuses on the role of photography within military campaigns. A detailed discussion of the Abyssinian campaign (1867-8) reveals how photography and geography were associated in imperial campaigning. Chapter four traces the language and imagery of 'photographic-hunting'. A discussion of practices of hunting, exploration and conservation, particularly in Africa, shows how photography was a means of representing the imperial domination of the natural world. Chapter five explores the photographic survey and classification of 'racial types'. It situates the associated uses of photography in anthropology and geography within the context of Victorian scientific ideas on race, both within the empire and in Britain itself. Chapter six discusses the relationship between the representation of racial 'types' abroad and the social 'others' of Victorian London. It presents a case study of the work of the professional photographer John Thomson, placing his work in China and London in the context of his ethnological and geographical interests. Chapter seven explores Halford Mackinder's work with the Colonial Office Visual Instruction Committee, 1902-1911. It shows how photography was used to promote an imperial vision of geography, but raises also questions as to its ultimate impact. Chapter eight provides a conclusion which argues that photography was central to the construction of imaginative geographies of empire in the period 1840-1914 and suggests that, through photography, such geographies continue to be reproduced today
32
Lo, Francis Richard. "Orientalism, empire and revolution, 1785-1810." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360534.
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33
Worth, Timothy Victor. "G.A. Henty : empire, nationhood and character." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408747.
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34
Foster, Russell David. "Tabulae imperii Europaei : mapping European empire." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2317.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the unclear political nature of the European Union and current academic theories on how to understand and classify the EU. Placing the EU in the macrohistorical context from which it emerged, the project first critiques competing definitions of “empire” before examining the etymological and philosophical genealogy of imperium. It then uses textual analysis to trace how evolving interpretations of imperium and “empire” have influenced European historiography and political philosophy. This analysis demonstrates that “empire” is not a descriptive taxonomy but a normative discourse, expressing an imagination of power, legitimacy and sole sovereignty, used to validate the inherent inequality and manifest destiny of an imagined European community. This discourse must be publicly expressed in order to have validity, and it is most effectively conveyed in visual language. The study demonstrates that of the many forms of visual language, by far the most powerful is cartography. But while maps represent the world rather than reflect it, map-readers ascribe to maps an authority that is rarely questioned, accepting maps’ portrayals as truthful. Having established and justified a methodology based in semiotics and semantics, the project moves into an analytical focus by semiotically deconstructing the most publicly-accessible EU maps in print and virtual form and on Euro currency. These analyses demonstrate that EU maps intersect with EU iconography and inadvertently construct an imagined community defined by the discourse of empire. Such maps show the Union not as it is but as it should be – the sole sovereign of European civilisation, with supreme power, exclusive legitimacy, a manifest destiny to unite the Europeans, and inhabited by an imagined community whose imagined history partly masks an inherent, yet acknowledged, inequality. This dissertation concludes that the EU is not a sui generis construct but instead embodies a familiar historical discourse – the European Union as Empire. Unless specified, all images have been digitally photographed by the author from the cited books or copied from the cited websites, in accordance with the Copyright Licensing Act (2006) of UUK/SCOP Higher Education institutions. All websites referenced in the text were last accessed on the date of binding, 1st October 2013. Any errors of fact or interpretation remain the author’s own.
35
Willson, Flora. "Operatic futures in Second Empire Paris." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/operatic-futures-in-second-empire-paris(d87419af-cd1c-4ae5-a2fd-569a20fb2c15).html.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
My dissertation focuses on Paris during the latter decade of Napoleon III’s Second Empire (1852-1870). It concentrates particularly on the status of opera in the period, placing contemporary operatic discourse and practice within a cultural and political landscape marked by both identification with the past and fascination with the future. While opera continued to be a central part of Paris’s social life and its self-image as the pre-eminent modern metropolis, the period offers the first sustained evidence of operatic canon-formation, with increasing numbers of old works revived. In part because such revivals were often believed to be replacing new commissions, the emerging canon provoked much discussion. Responding to this debate, I ask how opera’s turns to the past in the 1860s related to the period’s preoccupation with the idea of ‘progress’: my enquiry thus aims to contribute to existing scholarship on mid-century musical historicism while also tracing how operatic practices related to contemporary cultural and technological change. After a brief introduction, the dissertation focuses on four moments: the 1859 revival of Gluck’s Orphée, a significant step in the transition towards the operatic ‘imaginary museum’ of the future; three concerts conducted by Richard Wagner in 1860 to showcase his ‘musique de l’avenir’, heard as an explicit instance of operatic soothsaying; the 1867 premiere of Verdi’s Don Carlos, a work whose mixed reception bears witness to changing modes of operatic listening; and commentary surrounding the Parisian funeral celebrations of Meyerbeer in May 1864 and Rossini in November 1868, occasions that foregrounded numerous anxieties about what was to come after the demise of two deeply symbolic figures – one embodying opera’s glorious past, the other believed to have held the key to its future.
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Mairat, Jerome. "The coinage of the Gallic Empire." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:58eb4e43-a6d5-4e93-adeb-f374b9749a7f.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis presents a new systematic arrangement of the coinage of the Gallic Empire as the basis for a revised edition of Roman Imperial Coinage. The coinage of all denominations, gold, silver and bronze, are unified into a single structure of issues. In 260, Postumus revolted against the Roman emperor Gallienus and took control of the Gauls. The chronology of his reign and of his successors is reviewed. The short reign of Domitianus II is interpreted as a revolt against the elevation of Tetricus. A rearrangement of Tetricus’s coinage supported by the epigraphic evidence proves that the elevation of Tetricus II to the Caesarship must be redated from 273 to 272. The location of the mints is discussed. Conclusive hoard evidence proves that the main mint was located at Trier, and not at Cologne. The study of iconography implies that choices were not necessarily made by the imperial authorities, but that more freedom was given to engravers than is usually assumed. The use of earlier coins as an iconographic repertoire strongly suggests that earlier coins were brought to the mint to be melted down. Metrological analyses of gold coins of the Gallic emperors show for the first time that silver was deliberately added to the alloy, following a practice introduced by Valerian and continued by Gallienus. The debasement of the ‘silver’ coinage is studied in parallel with its contemporary evolution within the Central Empire. Coin circulation is used in order to determine the frontiers of the Gallic Empire. It is demonstrated that the Gallic Empire reached its apogee between 262 and 265, ruling over Britain, the Gauls, Hispania and Raetia. The nature of the Gallic Empire is discussed. It is argued that this ‘Empire’ should not be viewed as a form of separatism, as often claimed, but as the unintended result of a status quo following Postumus’s acclamation and the long postponement of a final confrontation against the emperor of Rome.
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Oldcorn, Megan Lowena. "Falmouth and the British Maritime Empire." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2014. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/13354/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Cornish port of Falmouth was an important base within an ever-expanding British empire. From here, people, letters, goods and information travelled back and forth from Cornwall to the rest of the world. This thesis investigates the extent to which Falmouth was a significant part of Britain’s maritime empire during the period 1800-1850, looking specifically at four areas of interest. First, it argues that Falmouth’s Packet Service played a significant role in intelligence gathering during the Napoleonic Wars, victory in which led to major expansion of the British empire. Second, that the town developed Cornwall’s mining expertise to the extent that it could be exported to new colonies, or become instrumental in spreading the influence of informal empire. Third, that the import of plant specimens from the colonies had a direct effect on class-based hierarchies of power in and around the town. And finally, that contact between the British and foreigners in and from the port led to renegotiations of identity based on race that were inextricably tied into colonialism. The role of Cornwall in the dialogue between Britain and its colonies, and the importance of Falmouth as a port within the British empire, have previously been neglected in academic study, with attention given to larger metropolitan locations such as Liverpool and Southampton. This thesis continues work exploring imperialism within one specific locality, shifting in focus from the urban to the rural. In doing this, a diversity of written and archival sources are used to discuss how several elements of empire came together in one place. The work demonstrates that Falmouth was a site clearly affected by colonialism, and was to a certain extent influential within it due to its maritime significance.
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Poncier, Anthony. "Les procureurs généraux du Second Empire." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100088.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette prosopographie des procureurs généraux sous le Second Empire cherche à comprendre comment la défense des droits et de l'intérêt public transforme de façon significative le parquet en instrument politique et le rôle qu'il joue dans le système mis en place par Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte. Ce travail montre à travers une étude sociale comment Napoléon III a su gagner à sa cause une nouvelle classe moyenne qu'il a mise à la tête des cours d'appel, où elle a intégré les représentations de la société judiciaire. Attachés au nouveau gouvernement, les procureurs généraux se font les propagandistes du régime et cherchent à protéger ce dernier face à ses opposants. Ils mènent également une analyse sociétale des populations afin de mieux les contrôler, dans le dessein de promouvoir les valeurs morales qu'ils défendent au-delà de tout régime, révélant ainsi une interaction entre l'idéologie judiciaire l'idéologie bonapartiste. C'est dans cette relation bijective entre les procureurs généraux et le Second Empire que cette recherche étudie les pratiques du parquet<br>The aim of this prosopography concerning the general attorneys of the Second Empire is to try to understand how the protection of rights and public interest significantly changes public prosecution into a political device, as it changes role it has in the system established by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte. This study shows how Napoléon the third managed to gain the support of a new middle-class, which he set as leader of the courts of appeal, where it has integrated the representation of judicial society. Devoted to the new government, the general attorneys turn themselves into the propagandists of the regime and try to protect it from its opponents. They also work on a social analysis of the populations in order to control them better and aim at the promotion of the moral values which they defend beyond any regime, revealing in this way, and interaction between the judicial ideology and the bonapartist ideology. .
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Ladegaillerie, Valérie. "L'institution préfectorale sous le Second Empire." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10035.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le coup d'État du deux décembre 1851 impose à la France un régime dictatorial et ouvre une ère exceptionnelle de croissance économique et de prospérité : il jettera les bases de l'économie nouvelle et fera naître de nouveaux problèmes économiques et sociaux qu'il faudra bien résoudre. La littérature et le journalisme du 19e siècle nous ont légué une image négative des préfets de Napoléon III : en réalité, seuls les aspects violents et coercitifs ont été retenus. Mais avec Haussmann : le "bâtisseur" ou Chevremont : le "préfet social", on est bien loin de l'image traditionnelle évoquée du préfet "à poigne". De fait, l'institution préfectorale du Second Empire s'inscrira dans une continuité fonctionnelle et temporelle et connaîtra une évolution profonde qui amènera le pouvoir politique à prendre à compte un certain nombre de facteurs et à accepter une conception novatrice de la fonction et des hommes qui l'assument, car déjà apparaît en filigrane la notion de corps préfectoral et l'exigence d'une reconnaissance. Dès lors, la fonction préfectoral prendra une dimension nouvelle et préfigurera la fonction préfectorale contemporaine. Si l'ordre public et le contrôle de l'opinion publique reste une priorité pour le préfet, sa fonction économique et sociale s'affirme. Le représentant de l'État, omniprésent sur la scène publique, plus manager d'autoritaire se vra non seulement de mobiliser et stimuler les énergies, mais aussi de communiquer car il demeure pour tous, dans le département qu'il administre un interlocuteur privilégié et son action, pour être efficace, dépendra nécessairement du degré de coopération des autres fonctionnaires jaloux de leurs prérogatives et des relations qu'il entretiendra avec les notables locaux dont le soutien constitue une des conditions essentielles pour une politique efficace d'animation dans le département.
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Eden, Jeffrey Eric. "Slavery and Empire in Central Asia." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493418.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation is the first major study of a slave trade that captured up to one million slaves along the Russian and Iranian frontiers over the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries alone. Slaves served as farm-workers, herdsmen, craftsmen, soldiers, concubines, and even, in rare cases, as high-ranking officials in the region between the Caspian Sea and westernmost China. Most of these slaves were Shīʿites who were captured by Sunni Turkmens and sold in Central Asian cities and towns. Despite the Central Asian slave trade’s impressive dimensions, and the prominent role of slaves in the region’s history, the topic remains largely unstudied by historians of the region and of the broader Islamic world. Drawing on unpublished autobiographical sources and eyewitness accounts, I argue that slaves’ resistance and resourcefulness helped to define the contours of the slave labor system and played a key, unacknowledged role in their emancipation.
While previous studies of slavery in the Muslim world have emphasized the role of colonial governments in fostering abolition, I argue that slaves in Central Asia, by fomenting the largest slave uprising in the region’s history, triggered the abolition of slavery in the region as a whole.<br>Inner Asian and Altaic Studies
41
Mills, Sophie. "Theseus, tragedy and the Athenian empire /." Oxford (GB) : Clarendon press, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370548774.
Testo completo
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Sheena, Sarah. "Shakespeare and England's Empire, 1780-1800." Thesis, University of York, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1145/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis is a study of Shakespeare and imperialism in England between 1780 and 1800. Chapters investigate landscape art and empire in the Boydell gallery, death and imperial subjectivity, gender and form in appropriations of Shakespeare by women artists and writers, caricatures that reference Shakespeare during these years, the use made of Shakespeare by prominent individuals to formulate their identities in the context of empire and the debates on the Quebec Bill in London’s parliament in May 1791. The thesis is primarily concerned to explore how gothic forms and representations were integrated into the history of Britain’s relationship to its empire; to assess the use of Shakespeare in academy painting and in forms such as engraving, graphic satire, relief sculpture and in writing. The study also emphasises affect: fear of imperial identities, the danger of overseas life, terror, nostalgia, affection in connection to the nation and its spaces, the increasingly imperial reach of relations with revolutionary France during these years, and pleasurable diversion in reappropriations of the plays in varying arenas.
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Ghosh, Guruprasad. "Subjugated history: Empire, education, and espionage." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539791815.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
For more than five decades the British government suppressed the work of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in India during 1941--1946. The SOE was a secret body engaged in sabotage, subversive activities, and black propaganda in enemy, enemy controlled, and neutral countries during the Second World War. Through the perspective of subalternity, this study reconstructs the career of Shottyendro K. Ghosh, an Indian member of the Indian Civil Service, a tiny administrative elite, overwhelmingly British in composition that was responsible for overseeing all government activity in British India. Ghosh became a quisling and leader of a fierce guerilla force for the SOE during World War II in order to protect his homeland from Japan's imperial conquests. Much of Ghosh's life continues to be an untold story. This study also examines the current World War II curriculum at a flagship university in Bengal, India, where much of the SOE operations were based, to evaluate the state of curricular affairs, the level of familiarity and scholarly activity amongst active historians and to learn to what extent SOE operations in India is included in the World War II curriculum that is taught to undergraduate history students at this institution. The contextual framework for this examination is nested in the sociology of knowledge. This study will illuminate both a precise historical moment and the ways it has been narrated in academic discourse. In doing so, it will fill a gap in Indian history.
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Kamel, Rachael. "Thinking Beyond Identity, Nationalism, and Empire." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/373744.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Religion<br>Ph.D.<br>This project explores how and why an Americanized form of Zionism became an effective movement in American Jewish life. In the quest for a just and lasting resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, most scholarly attention has been focused on the state (and people) of Israel and the people of Palestine, and their efforts to resolve the conflict that has held them in its grip over the past century. As a result, we have focused too little attention on the role of support for U.S. nationalism in the American Jewish community in sustaining the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. I argue likewise that a critical juncture in this process occurred in the early twentieth century, as the United States emerged as an international power. American Jewish support for Zionism overlaps in many ways with Progressivism. Many of the early leaders of Americanized Zionism, such as Horace M. Kallen and Justice Louis Brandeis, began their careers as Progressive reformers and brought their ideas about social and political action with them into the Zionist movement. Brandeis in particular played a critical role in making Zionism acceptable to American Jews, in no small part by asserting that the Zionism he advocated was required no commitment to emigration. As this Americanized version of Zionism has become normalized in American Jewish life, the principle of Jewish sovereignty has become widely understood among American Jews to be an essential guarantor of Jewish safety. To understand the roots and implications of this stance, I explore the genealogy of the idea of sovereignty, as well as the binary opposition of “Arabs” and “Jews” in Euro-American thought. Americanized Zionism, I conclude, is less a product of Jewish ethnicity or religion than enactment of a commitment to U.S. nationalism as a fundamental aspect of American Jewish identity.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Werba, Nicolas. "La législation sociale du Second Empire." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D071.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse a pour titre la législation sociale du Second Empire. Depuis la dichotomie imposée par Ernest Lavisse, ce régime est traditionnellement divisé en deux périodes : une autoritaire et une libérale. Un tel changement de cap est généralement expliqué par la perte des soutiens traditionnels du régime. Tentant de séduire l'électorat ouvrier, le gouvernement aurait alors décidé de se lancer dans une législation sociale plus ambitieuse. Un tel schéma voit donc dans l'accélération des mesures sociales de la deuxième moitié du règne, une simple réponse circonstanciée à un contexte politique défavorable ; la législation sociale du Second Empire laissant dès lors peu de place à une cohérence d'ensemble. Il ressort de cette étude que Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte s’est, dès ses premiers écrits de jeunesse, penché sur la question sociale. Ses solutions en la matière tenant en deux principes essentiels : l’ordre et le progrès. En favorisant la prospérité et le développement économique, la stabilité était considérée par le futur Empereur comme le premier remède aux difficultés des classes laborieuses. L’ordre retrouvé, Napoléon III souhaitait ensuite l’adoption de mesures sociales plus ambitieuses.Ainsi, loin d’être guidée par des contraintes extérieures, la législation sociale du Second Empire s’inscrit en réalité dans une logique définie dès l’origine du régime, formant dès lors un ensemble cohérent<br>This thesis is entitled social legislation of the Second Empire. Since the dichotomy imposed by Ernest Lavisse, the Second Empire is traditionally divided into two periods : an authoritarian and a liberal. Such a change of direction is usually explained by the loss of the traditional support of the regime. Trying to seduce the working electorate, the government then decided to launch into a more ambitious social legislation. Such a scheme considers the acceleration of the social measures of the second half of the reign as a simple detailed answer to an unfavorable political context; social legislation of the Second Empire leaves little to overall consistency.It is precisely such a presentation that this thesis wished to question. For that, it proposed to redraw the history of the social legislation of the regime, from its origins to the last projects of power interrupted by the Franco-Prussian War.Well, this study underlines that Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, from his earliest youthful writings, turned his attention to the social question. His solutions in this area are based on two essential principles : order and progress. By promoting prosperity and economic development, stability was considered by the future Emperor as the first remedy for the difficulties of the working classes. The order regained, Napoleon III then wanted the adoption of more ambitious social measures.Thus, far from being guided by external constraints, social legislation of the Second Empire is actually part of a logic defined from the origins of the regime, forming a coherent whole
46
Maxson, Brian Jeffrey. "Review of Venice: An Intimate Empire." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5457.
Testo completo
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Kitapçı, Bayrı Buket. "Le témoignage des martyrs et des derviches." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010553.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le changement politique, social et culturel vécu entre les XIIIème et XVème siècles en Anatolie et dans les Balkans, constitue le dernier bouleversement important vécu dans le bassin méditerranéen médiéval. Le changement identitaire, entre 1261 et 1453, qu'eurent à connaître les Byzantins vivant sur le territoire de l'ancienne Byzance, appelé Pays de Rum par les sources musulmanes, constitue le thème principal de cette thèse. A. Cette époque, au fur et à mesure des incursions, des pillages, des conquêtes, et des processus de colonisation et de restructuration- qui se succèdent au cours des migrations turco-musulmanes, les frontières des espaces physiques et symboliques déterminant l' identité communautaire des Byzantins furent fortement ébranlées et leur groupe se rétrécit à cause de leur assujettissement, des conversions, et des changements de camp. Pour pouvoir comprendre l'effet de ce rétrécissement de l'identité byzantine, nous avons examiné la terminologie définissant le "soi" et l"'autre" dans les martyria byzantines, les menakibnamés et les narrations épiques produites dans la société turcomusulmane de l'époque. Ce travail tente d'apporter une nouvelle approche et une nouvelle interprétation par rapport à la conviction générale qui considère que le changement socio-culturel s'opère entre des civilisations aux identités scellées, invariables dans le temps et ne se touchant pas.
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ʻAbd, Allāh Wadīʻ Fatḥī. "al-ʻAlāqah al-siyāsīyah bayna Bīzanṭah wa-al-Sharq al-Adná al-Islāmī". Iskandarīyah : Muʼassasat Shabāb al-Jāmiʻah, 1990. http://books.google.com/books?id=zogLAAAAIAAJ.
Testo completo
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Gollannek, Eric Frederick. ""Empire follows art" exchange and the sensory worlds of Empire in Britain and its colonies, 1740-1775 /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 427 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1625773591&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Testo completo
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Jouette, Jean-Cyril. "Magie bénéfique, magie maléfique et divination dans le monde byzantin : VIIIe-XIIe siècles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0169/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette étude a pour but de montrer le rôle et l’importance que pouvaient avoir les différentes formes de magie et de divination dans le monde mésobyzantin du premier iconoclasme à la quatrième croisade de 1204. Elle s’articule autour de deux grands thèmes de recherches complémentaires mais qui proposent toutefois une lecture différente des sources faisant état de ces pratiques à Byzance. Une lecture objective des sources normatives et narratives, complétée par des témoignages archéologiques, nous permet de considérer la place qu’occupaient la magie bénéfique, la magie maléfique et la divination dans la vie quotidienne des Byzantins, et cela en fonction de leurs besoins : popularité des phylactères et des soins magiques, services indécents et immoraux que la magie maléfique proposait, goût prononcé des Byzantins pour un vaste ensemble de divinations. Le deuxième axe de recherche met en exergue l’utilisation de la figure du magicien ou du devin dans des discours de propagande politico-religieuse, aussi bien dans la littérature hagiographique que dans les œuvres historiographiques. La réflexion se concentre d’abord sur le rôle alloué aux sorciers et aux devins dans le travail d’écriture des hagiographes, puis, d’un point de vue plus général, sur la diabolisation dont furent victimes différents hérésiarques qui étaient jugés un peu trop populaires. Enfin ces mêmes mécanismes ont été mis en évidence avec une attention toute particulière à propos de la question de l’iconoclasme, depuis l’histoire officielle iconodoule où les patriarches et empereurs hétérodoxes, victimes d’une violente damnatio memoriae, concentraient sur eux les accusations de sorcellerie<br>This study aims at showing the role and the importance of different kinds of magical and divinatory arts in the middle Byzantine era, from the first iconoclasm up to 1204. It focuses on two main approaches, based on two different readings of the literary evidence.First, using the evidence of normative and narrative sources, along with archaeological artefacts, this work shows the importance, in response to specific needs, of beneficent and maleficent magic and divinatory arts in the everyday life of the Byzantines. The popularity of phylacteries and magical treatments is examined along with the conflicted nature of the relationship which existed between these practices and Byzantine orthodoxy. The different forms of maleficent magic are then explored and the services that they alone could offer. This section concludes with a discussion of Byzantines’ fascination for a great number of unorthodox divinatory arts which, in spite of their illicit nature, continued to be practiced.Second, this study emphasises the role of magicians and soothsayers in the political and religious propaganda. An attempt is first made to demonstrate how some hagiographers employed these useful opponents of saints as tools in their writings. Then, this work seeks to show how some heresiarchs, perhaps deemed too popular, were demonized, in an attempt to put an end to disruptive religious movements. Finally, particular attention is paid to iconoclasm, showing how heterodox emperors such as Leo III and his son Constantine V, and patriarchs such as John the Grammarian, were subjected to a violent damnatio memoriae by iconophile authors, something which could involve accusations of witchcraft