Tesi sul tema "Élite (sciences sociales) – Bengale – 19e siècle"
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Le, Bricquer Kevin. "Mobilités sociales traditionnelles au sein de l’élite anglicisée des Bhadralok : renégociations de caste menées par les Kayastha au Bengale, 1793-1885". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0143.
Testo completoIn 1765, the seizure of the Dewani of Bengal by the East India Company marked the implementation of a new system of governance that took various forms. This was based on certain elements of the old Mughal regime and relied on the participation of Indian elites, as was the case with the Permanent Settlement (1793) which made the zamindar, traditionally a rent farmer under the Mughal system, into true landowners. Thus freed from their attachment to the land, these rural elites emigrated massively to Calcutta where they prospered as intermediaries between the British power and the local population. There, they had access to unprecedented opportunities that enabled them to differentiate themselves from the rest of the local population by acquiring a knowledge of English, enriching themselves through British-sponsored activities and adopting behaviours inspired by English customs. In the early nineteenth century, these individuals, mainly from the Brahmin, Baidya and Kayastha jatis, began to emerge as a new Bengali elite known as the Bhadralok.While this new elite is hugely visible in the social, cultural and political spectrum of the contemporary Bengali scene, the dominant historiographical models have focused largely on its anglicisation to the detriment of other aspects of its activities, and even less on how it interacted with the traditional hierarchies of Hindu society. Indeed, studying them through the prism of modernism and relying mainly on colonial sources, historians describe the Bhadralok as a monolithic entity made up of high-caste individuals whose identity was defined solely by their anglicisation and who thus used their caste status to legitimise their class status. Thus, using this prism to interpret the sources only captures a part of the Bhadralok’s behaviour. However, by also consulting local sources produced largely in Bengali, we observed that the Bengali Kayasthas, also members of the Bhadralok, were considered to be Satsudras and therefore did not belong to the upper castes. We wondered how their belonging to the Bhadralok interacted with this lower caste status and noted that their new-found Bhadralok status enabled them to renegotiate their place within the caste hierarchy. To investigate this further, I re-read a range of sources, including colonial sources such as official administrative documents, contemporary scientific productions, censuses and judicial sources, as well as local Bengali sources such as literary sources, religious treatises and genealogies, for signs of caste renegotiations led by Kayasthas belonging to the Bhadraloks.I have thus shown that the Kayasthas first seized opportunities to project a high-caste status, then sought to legitimise that status by constructing scriptural evidence of their membership to the Ksatriya varna, and finally obtained its recognition by the Bengali population through the equivalent of caste judgements such as the decennial censuses and verdicts handed down by the British courts at the turn of the twentieth century – shortly after the period under consideration in this thesis. This thesis is thus a plea to reconsider established knowledge about the Bhadralok by resituating their behaviour in the singular context of nineteenth-century Bengali society, and thereby provide a better understanding of it
Rǎdulescu, Mihai Sorin. "L' élite libérale roumaine (1866-1900)". Paris, INALCO, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INAL0017.
Testo completoPhilippo, Hervé. "Fortunes, trajectoires et modes de vie des notables lillois (vers 1780 - vers 1830) : étude socioculturelle et statistique des noblesses et bourgeoisies de Lille à partir des déclarations de mutation après décès et des archives notariales". Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL30012.
Testo completoThe purpose of this work is to examine the make-up of estates (the process of accumulating wealth), the observation of family strategies (rationales for investment) as well as the individual trajectories of the Lille inhabitants. It is a matter of setting into relief the lifestyles and thought processes of the old families and of the new man and women who will have served as the link between the Old Regime before 1789 and the revolutionary period up to Louis-Philippe's accession to the throne. The whole of the population transferring property upon their demise have been registered at the Wills and Probate Department which makes it possible to create a data base ; the resort to notarial resources cannot be avoided if one is to ascertain the origins and the development of fortunes - the share of legacies and of savings proper, the way of life of the élite as well
Ben, Achour Mohamed El Aziz. "Catégories de la société tunisoise dans la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle : les élites musulmanes". Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040197.
Testo completoThis research which tries to deal with social history, endeavors to present the different Muslim classes of the Tunis society belonging to the notability whether through their social, political positions or through their leading activities in the urban trade and production. The structures and frameworks of these classes (namely the urban framework, living conditions, relations, alliances, revenues, private patrimonies and waqfs, traditional and modern urban institutions, religious, ones), all these are seen within their evolutionary movement with regard to the deep changes due to the economic and political conjunctures of the 2nd half of the 19th century (namely the European penetration and the creation of the protectorat system). The relationships of these Muslim elites with the political power and with other social categories of Tunis (whether Muslim or not) are also taken up. Having both used private and unpublished records as well as public ones, this research endeavors to focus, through the study of its elites, on an urban and Muslim society, that of Tunis, on the eve of the 20th century
Guzmán, Pérez Moisés. "L' occident du Mexique et l'indépendance : sociabilité, révolution et nation : 1780-1821". Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010558.
Testo completoTurc, Sylvain. "Les élites grenobloises de 1760 à 1848 : recherches sur un groupe social en transition". Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/turc_s.
Testo completoIf Grenoble's modern high society is now better known thanks to the work of Maurice Virieux, of Clarisse Coulomb, of Pierre Léon and of Robert Chagny, no one has yet attempted to measure persistance of the dominate groups under the Old Regime in the capital of the Alps during the first half of the nineteenth century, or the impact and social implication in Grenoble of the French Revolution wich completely disrupted France's social structures during this time. Can one say that a new high society was born in Grenoble at the twilight of absolutism ? What were the origins of Grenoble's contemporay high-thinking society ? Slow to appear, the changes which affected the dominate groups at the time of Stendhal materialize in three stages and concern three generations of notables. From 1760 to 1788, the various aristocratic groups in Grenoble appear rich, powerful, - at least on a provincial scale - influent, and they dominate local society in spite of a relative distance of Parisian circles of power and decision. The fall and the breakdown of the Old Regime, and the disappearance of the parliament of Grenoble, supreme court of appeal for the province of Dauphiné, then the radicalisation of the French Revolution after 1790 weaken nobility, but does not destroy it : this allows the aristocracy of the Enlightenment to benefit from Napoleonic stabilisation and the Bourbon restoration. At the same time, the revolutions of 1789 and 1830, then the final disappearance of the nobility of Grenoble as from 1820 offer unique opportunities of social mobility to the Old Regime middle-class families. These merchants, these landowners, these barristers and lawyers, these magistrates, all contemporary of Henri Beyle and the Champollion brothers, rise to the gouvernement's positions at the head of the city of Grenoble, which then stepped in the romantic atmosphere. In fact, thus, they take adavantage at the recent transitions. Our research tries to explain the birth of modernity in the city of Grenoble during the first half of the nineteenth century : a modernity which rose out of the soil of the Old Regime, but of which we are the distant heirs
Goujon, Bertrand. "Entre cosmopolitisme, insertions nationales et ancrages locaux, l'aristocratie au XIXe siècle : la Maison d'Arenberg (1820-1919)". Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/goujon_b.
Testo completoGrandcoing, Philippe. "Les demeures de la distinction : le phénomène châtelain dans le département de la Haute-Vienne au XIXe siècle". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010593.
Testo completoThis work proposes to study the manor phenomenon in the Haute-Vienne departement between 1789 and 1914. The analysis of theoretical and descriptive discourses and the evolution of the corpus of mansions thus designated have shaped a new figure of the manor. This one has become distinct from the former seignorial structure. Towards 1900 this term designates an heterogeneous set of dwellings that are often of recent origin (a manor in two appeared during the period). This resistance to and adaptation on the manor model result from the development of the holiday in the countryside and the status of people getting their income from the land in the bourgeoisie. Old families and upstarts asserted their status as worthies in that way. It is also the fruit of the emotional enhancement of the mansion in the nobility. This appeal for the mansion was at its peak between 1860 and 1880. Afterwards it declined because of the emergence of the villa. But if the mansion remained a very prized type of dweling it is because it is both an element of social distinction for the one who lives in it and an index of social otherness for those living around it. The laying-out of the dwelling and its surrounllings being of the a mediocre quality and social inequalities little marked. However the mansion does not seem here to be the catalyst for social antagonisms. The owners of mansions have really gone through a decline in their political, social and economic influence. Gradually, their residences have become simple special places, the quality of their architecture setting them apart
Bayraktar, Uğur. "Yurtluk-Ocakliks : land, Politics of Notables, and Society in Ottoman Kurdistan, 1820-1890". Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0173.
Testo completoThis dissertation examines the transformation of yurtluk-ocaklik and hukumet lands in Ottoman Kurdistan during the nineteenth century. Since these lands provided their possessors with political and economic privileges, this study also sheds light on the transformation of Kurdish emirs as yurtluk-ocaklik and hukumet holders in their provincial setting. The Tanzimat period contravened the political and economic concessions associated with yurtluk-ocaklik lands. Following the case of yurtluk-ocaklik and hukumet lands possessed by Zirki emirs in northeastern Diyarbekir, this dissertation offers contested concept(s) of property related with these lands and their fates after the Land Code of 1858. As the latter is usually associated with the genesis of modern private property in the Ottoman context, this dissertation contemplates contrasting perceptions with regards to private property beyond the definitions dictated by the Ottoman government. By doing so, this stud} scrutinizes the making of yurtluk-ocaklik and hukumet lands as private property at the interstices of Zirki emirs and the Ottoman government. Demonstrating the complication underlying the making process, it also shows the process was not a straightforward one but rather included many participants with their own agendas. This study scrutinizes the changing notions of politics provincial notables in Ottoman Diyarbekir. With commercialisation of agriculture in the Ottoman realm from the middle of the century onwards, this dissertation attempts to show how land possession was related with economic-cum-political power throughout the nineteenth century in Ottoman Kurdistan
Diatsentos, Petros. "La question de la langue dans les milieux des savants grecs au XIXe siècle : projets linguistiques et reformes". Paris, EHESS, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600005.
Testo completoThis thesis examines how the vision for 'the reform of modern Greek, which is also called the purist project was conceived in the second half of the nineteenth century. The aim is to highlight those factors that led the purist language (katharevousa) to its failure in the new century. This research focuses primarily on the consolidation (especially during the years 1850-1880), of an ideology that supports and legitimates the position of an archaic variety of modern Greek (katharevousa) as a national language. Moreover, our target is to study, in this specific ideological context, the formation of linguistic projects and strategies which aim to accomplish the process of building a national language. These projects involve a series of representations concerning the idea thal scholars have of the target language, its setting and its diffusion, the time perspective of the reform and the role of social actors, or even the place that is reserved for vernacular language in This process. We have observed that the perception of history of the Greek language and its role in society, described in the second part of this thesis, has implications for how to define the target language, the direction of the reform and the prioritization of its objectives. The interest of this research also focuses on the expectations and attitudes of the well read elite class vis à vis the stale, in areas where political power is involved, as well as where it remains in the background. Finally, we have outlined the framework from which the Demoticist movement emerges, at the end of the nineteenth century
Tort, Olivier. "L'impossible unité : la droite française sous la Restauration (1814-1830)". Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040180.
Testo completoThis work presents a history of the French Right and of its divisions under the Bourbon Restoration. Firstly, this Right has been precisely characterized, by identifying the lexical expressions which are referred to it, and by quantifying it on national, regional and local scales. Then different facets of the man of the Right have been defined, like social positions, vision of commitment, psychology and relationships with the others. The dysfunctions of royalist organisation have also been analyzed on all the levels, until in the media sphere. Lastly, we have listed ideological divisions, which explain mutual dissensions: visions of international relations, appropriate answers for economic modernity, concretization of the moral and religious values were the three selected angles of incidence, to understand in all their extent the internal dissensions of this French Right
Américi, Laurence. "La caisse d'épargne des Bouches du Rhône au XIXe siècle : un outil financier au service de l'intervention sociale". Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10121.
Testo completoCharle, Christophe. "Intellectuels et élites en France : 1880-1900". Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010515.
Testo completoDaurel-Güell, Marie. "Le destin d'une lignée catalane illustre : Juan Güell y Ferrer, et sa famille". Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20110.
Testo completoJuan Güell y Ferrer was one of the pioneers of the catalan textile industry in the 19th century. On his father's side, son of a fabric merchant and grandson and great-grandson of peasants, working first as labourers and later as farmers, Juan Güell y Ferrer was born in torredembarra (tarragon), a coastal town near the capital of this province on march 3rd, 1800. The definition of Juan Güell y Ferrer's family origins has been the object of much controversy among researchers. 250 years after the marriage of juan's great- grandparents, an individual questioned the authenticity of the entries in the 1731 torredembarra marriage registry. As the public life of Juan Güell y Ferrer has been documented by numerous authors, historians, economists, and sociologists, the object of this work is to focus on the private man in order to determine his predecessors and descendants. This study is first oriented toward his great-grandparents, natives on one side from alcover (tarragon), an interior town near the capital of the province, and on the other side from torredembarra. In order to determine which guells were related to Juan Güell y Ferrer all families bearing this patronymic and having lived in the above mentioned towns from 1550 on have been broken down and their genealogies (ref. Appendix) represent a digest of this research. Next, this study examines the descendants of Juan Güell y Ferrer down to his great-grandchildren who were born in barcelona at the beginning of the 20th century, and where juan had chosen to reside and was twice married after his return from the caribbean around 1840
Burguin, Pascal. "Une ville et ses élites au XIXe siècle : Rennes (1815-1914) : économie, société, identité". Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20048.
Testo completoThe elite of Rennes is analysed from three standpoints - as economic agents, guardians of social order and as a corps in charge of the picture of the urban economy - one of the sources of bourgeois supremacy and a precondition of Rennes'desire to establish an identity for itself - and identifying the elite by using the tools of quantitative social history and to contemporary representation, this criss-cross history of the city and its elite attempts to reconstitute the construction process of an urban identity for Rennes in the 19th century. Rennes, an administrative as well as a landed city, dedicated to the agricultural industry and commodity trading, invariably managed in the 19th century by bourgeois liberals originating from manufacturing and trading forged itself the collective identity of a scholarly and moderate city, able to curb its decline and to re-conquer, through science and arts, its status of a provincial capital but also capable of overcoming its passed and future divisions by gathering around the consensual figurehead of its former mayor, Leperdit. The past, transformed into collective memory, was the principal instrument of this drive towards a strong identity and, in the political arena, the "mémoire bleue" imposed itself as the official memory of the city - a composite memory combining liberalism and Christianity, localism and patriotism, which erased all trace of the "mémoire blanche" upheld by a gradually declining nobility
Hillairet, Aurore. "Les élites culturelles dans les sociétés artistiques et littéraires à La Rochelle au XIXe siècle". La Rochelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LAROF028.
Testo completoBetween 1800 and 1914, three generations follow one another the head of the artistic and literary companies founded with La Rochelle. The first, heritage of the XVIIIe century, is maintained during all the first third of the XIXe century. It's relieved from the 1815's by the rising younger generation which impose its domination until the 1870's. It's assisted from the 1850's by the third generation which controls the artistic and literary culture until the first world war. This last one is not in rupture with its elder: ever if the women have their place now, their recruitment is very similar. These men by their actions in the learned societies animate the cultural life rochelaise by organizing temporary demonstrations: artistic cultural equipments: museums of painting and archeology, library, theatre, or of leisures like the sea bathings. The city changes under their actions by the rise of statues to the famous children of the country, the renaming of the streets or the restoration and the safeguard of the built inheritance. These men take an active share with the development of the artistic and literary fields in the hope to leave a trace in the memory of their fellow-citizens. However all fell into the lapse of memory. The purpose oh our work is to make them leave the shade
Bernard, Agnès. "L'éducation des élites en Autriche : les lycées catholiques viennois de 1848 à 1938, entre résistances et adaptations". Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082290.
Testo completoUntil the middle of the 19th century, Austrian secondary education was taken care of by the Catholic orders in colleges (Gymnasien) and focused on ancient languages. 1848 is the beginning of a new modern education policy in which this teaching is taken care of by non-religious colleges. This work analyses the way through which Viennese Catholic colleges face these difficulties and studies the changes the latter cause in the formation of the upper layers of the population. The analysis and gets organized according to three perspectives: the status issue, the nature of recruitment, the specificity of the teaching given there. This work shows that the studied Viennese Catholic colleges were able to maintain a quantitatively marginal but qualitatively important position within the Austrian society. It underlines the complexity of these institutions and throws the light on the various issues of this era
Gautier, Gérard. "Domination, institution, et identité : le mouvement Taiping et la Chine du XIXème siècle". Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00676281.
Testo completoReinhart, Claudie. "Les Reinhart, une famille protestante du négoce du coton et du café du Havre, 1852-1962". Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040080.
Testo completoNative from the swiss town of Winterthur, in the Zurich canton, the Reinhart went in the middle of the XIXth century to pratice cotton trade in Le Havre. Developong that activity, adding the coffee one, the Reinhart turn the Maison Louis Reinhart in a limited company, la Société d'Importation et de Commission, devoting all time to their work, to make it one of the first commercial firms in the city, adding an active participation in the trade organiations as well in cotton as in coffee. An important place is devoted to one of them, Jean Reinhart, because of his presency as President of labour's Employers, member of the Chamber of Commerce, and too short President of the Le Havre's Harbour. The study of the Reinhart family confirms his belonging to the protestant bourgeoisie, and his implication of some of them in the freemasonry, the Rotary or as consular representation of countries as Rumania or Persia
Malgras, Philip. "L'union fait la force : la bonne famille en ses réseaux. L'ascension prodigieuse des Cibiel, du colportage à la haute finance (1754-1914). Théorie de l'acteur stratégique appliquée à l'Histoire de la famille". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL021.
Testo completoThe present thesis aims at determining the origins and forces of the social climbing of the French family Cibiel, between 1754 and 1914, through four generations. Within these 160 years, the family rose from local peddling to international trade and finance. Starting from textile trading in the Southwest of France, the Cibiels gradually built a financial and industrial empire which stretched over all the fields impacted by the Industrial Revolution — transports, mining, metallurgy, urban modernizing —, and accumulated a considerable estate. The analysis of this gradual transformation enables the understanding of the strategies and logics implemented by the various "players" of the family. They forged synergistic common games and individual games to conquer a major economic and socio-political power within elite networks. Their social climbing hinges on an unusual family network, that developed itself through a counters approach, similar to the Rothschilds network. The network analysis and the sociology of organizations methodologies have been used, particularly the "strategic player" theory of Michel Crozier and Erhard Friedberg, to study the Cibiels’ dynamics. They support the assessment of what makes unity a strength. The emergence of a "key player" at each of the first three generations plays a leading role in the family collective. With the break introduced by an intrafamilial "confrontational strategy" at the last generation came the end of the prodigious "good fortune" of the Cibiel family and of its singular success story
Delbos, Jean-Brieux. "Les électeurs censitaires parisiens des années 1840 et leur devenir : richesse, inégalités, mobilités économique et géographique". Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0112.
Testo completoThis economic history dissertation aims to analyse quantitatively the links between wealth and economic and geographic mobility in France from the 1840s to the 1880s through the study of franchised Parisian voters of the 1840s. To do so, an original dataset has been built by matching different sources so as to follow the multiple trajectories of the individuals who belong to this particularly rich and politically important group over time. Short-term individual mobility is observed by matching individuals across electoral lists from the last years of the July Monarchy. Long-term mobility is revealed by exploiting the Parisian tables of successions and absences (TSA). These contain information about the wealth at death of individuals. Both in the short- and long-run, economic and geographic mobility proves to be considerable, raising serious questions about the long-held idea of a close and stable elite group. Parisian franchised voters appear to be an instant class, with a large heterogeneity that was continuously renewed under the effect of powerful economic mechanisms that have been highlighted in a series of econometric regressions. Beyond the franchised electorate, the group of the wealthy individuals who appear in the Parisian TSA shows the massive extent of mobility in the 19th century: only half of these individuals were on the 1845 franchise lists considered at the national level. Taken as a whole, our results lead to renew the debate about the elites and wealth
Tremblay, Alex. "La mixité culturelle au sein des élites québécoises au XIXe siècle : l'exemple de la famille Marchand, 1791-1900". Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30572/30572.pdf.
Testo completoVencent, Hélène. "Les élèves officiers de marine à la fin du Premier Empire et leur destin". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040091.
Testo completoThe Navy « Écoles spéciales » (in Brest and Toulon) were created by a bill on Septembre 27th 1810 by Napoleon and his minister of Navy, Decrès. The revolutionary era had weakened the Naval officers corps ; therefore, this decision fit into the larger education reforms by Napoleon but calls back as well to the traditional schooling of Naval officers. But those schools were shut down during the Restauration : Only one generation of officers benefited from these schools and one third of those officers remained in the Navy. Studying their career shows that, in spite of the Navy being purged during the Restauration, Napoleon’s ambition to create an elite was kept alive by those alumni who managed to stay in the Navy. The second part tackles the key objectives of the Navy as seen through the eyes and actions of these officers. These men stand out through the energy they deploy in scientific endeavours and studies, but also through their service in the military operations of the time. This study shines a light on men who, thanks to their chosen profession, are a bridge between France and oversea territories, and know how to navigate the changing politics of their time, both domestically and overseas. Thanks to their logs and reports, we can also take a closer look at the men under the uniform, studying in a third part their family life, the health aspects of their profession and the relationship those officers have with civilian authorities and their hierarchy
Verney-Carron, Nicole. "Le ruban et le métal : recherches sur les élites économiques de la région stéphanoise au XIXe siècle, 1815-1914". Lyon 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO20054.
Testo completoAt the turn of the XIXth century, Saint-Étienne was a small city of 20. 000 inhabitants specialized in iron, ribbon and arm handicrafts. It had no administrative function and was dominated by a patrician clan of merchant-manufacturers whose ambition was to reach the first rank of nobility. In 1789, they benefited from the sale of the national properties to acquire huge lands which will become the heart of the city and will be highly priced or which will allow to perceive taxes on the subsoil thanks to the coal fields. The trade of ribbon had its peak period between 1815 and 1870. It remained organized according to the principle of the "domestic-system" which is a proto-industrial way of production based on cottage work. Thus, there originated a traditional elite with the textile firm-owners and surrounding professions (silk merchants, agents, bankers, lawyers). Professional men were underrepresented and recruited outside the city. Fortunes were invested in the land and many tradesmen lived on their income. With this oligarchie we could observe the parallel birth of a capitalistic upperclass, a pioneer in the big industry. Heavy metallurgy developed as early as 1815 initiated by ironmasters coming from other regions or countries. They were self made men often of simple origins. Saint-Étienne became the first industrial area of France. Big enterprises were branching out on all directions with a complex law system. They were highly concentrated and integrated. At their head they had members of powerful employers' federations and these men offered a great possibility to move and had different references from the local bourgeoisie. Unlike the others, they used to invest their money in personal estates and industrial activity. Old elites and new ones were fully opposed. Both in their mentality of managers and in the way they administrated workers. The former only provided charity, the latter being paternalist and their economical interests differed too, the former being in favor of free-trade policy, the latter of protectionism. For fear of seeing their land depreciated, the local notables confined the steel-works in the surrounding cities and established a real monopoly on the town council and the chamber of commerce. Traditionally conservative, they were strongly attached to catholicism and after 1880, they became wild enemies of Republic, whereas ironmasters, often protestants or freemasons, defended it
Kermoal, Christian. "Les notables paroissiaux du Trégor : permanences et évolutions : (1770-1850)". Rennes 2, 2000. http://books.openedition.org/pur/17761.
Testo completoThe farmers who acted a local function before 1789 in rural Trégor parishes (diocese of Tréguier, Lower-Brittany, France) accede in a body to the first municipal functions and form then the local revolutionary staff. During the Consulat and the Empire, often later, these same persons or their children are destinated for mayors, assistants, town concillors ; Their interest for the politics date from many years to 1789 and explains itself by a wide participation in local life as parochial estates administrators (church, chapels, brotherhoods, very numerous in Trégor) and as common share managers in parochias assemblies. Time of grievances and time of campaign against domains congeables found the farmers trained for thought and action. A peasant way of the Revolution stands up on an original manner. In 1790, the foundation of municipalities brings nothing new about emancipation ; On the contrary, the outside directives from districts and departments, the episode of the canton municipalities decrease the interest of farmer for local life. Appointments by prefectures are accepted more as an honnor than as an obligation. In Trégor, peasants first in class is wide and dont come into view so clearly. The place they stand forward outcomes from cumulatives individuals factors : family, fortune, lands possessions, employer's status, practise of writing, foreign agffairesActing in a local function appears more as a development of notability : first in the lower classes and dissociating themselves by progressives differences, peasants leadders in Trégor play however a role of notable face to outer world. They contribue so to draw what will be the political plan of this country in the 20th century
Tentoni, Justine. "Entre ville, faubourg et campagne : prosopographie des conseillers municipaux (Lyon et communes fusionnées, 1830-1870)". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2130.
Testo completoThe thesis proposes to apprehend the compositions of the municipal councils of Lyon and its three suburbs (until their amalgam to the city in 1852) between the beginning of the Monarchy of July and the end of the Second Empire. The period, marked both by important economic and social transformations (industrialization linked notably to the Fabrique, emergence of new economic elites) but also by political upheavals (three regimes and two revolutions) is thus a privileged time to observe, by the prism of a local institution, these evolutions. At each modification of regime, there are electoral transformation at the municipal level. The research follows, thanks to the use of the prosopographic method, the personal, family and public paths of the 575 personalities who sit on the municipal councils of Lyon and / or the suburbs. The sources, varied in nature (civil status, notary sources, municipal sources, press ...), allow to draw a typical portrait of this local elite in the heart of the nineteenth century. The specificity of the work lies in the understanding of this group between three interdependent spaces: the city-center (Lyon), the suburbs (Croix-Rousse, Vaise and Guillotière) - hybrid spaces between maintenance of rural practices and rapid settlement of a working class - and the countryside (around Lyon area), in which many councilors are owners and / or exercise political or public responsibilities. The first part of the thesis is about the upheavals of the period from the Trois Glorieuses to the fall of the Second Empire, especially from an electoral point of view: from a named city council (1830-1831) to a council elected by censitaire suffrage (1831-1848) then by universal suffrage (1848-1852) to finally return to a council appointed under prefectural aegis under the Second Empire (1852-1870). From the beginning, it is a question of drawing a global portrait of the municipal councilors and the conditions under which they are appointed. In the second part, we focus on describing more fully the members of the corpus - majority - who belong to the traditional local elites. The results then show a group whose behavior signifies an important conservatism: itineraries are constructed between city and countryside, and wealth and family strategies reveal a dominant and reproducing local elite, the reticular study being as such significant. This bourgeoisie, where classical elites coexist or even merge with the new elites, remains above all active in very localized spheres of domination, around the municipal council, circles and societies, but rarely exceeds the Lyon or Rhone. Finally, in a third part, the thesis proposes to question the issue of the possible renewals in these spaces and moving temporalities: the questions of a "descent of politics towards the masses", (in the expression of M. Agulhon) or a "municipal revolution" (described by J. George), which would begin in 1831 and flourish in 1848, are here re-examined. By the study of second-class municipal councilors and more popular characters, sitting mainly in the suburbs and / or during the Republican parenthesis, the idea of immobile municipal institutions is nuanced. But in Lyon, faced with the rapid recovery of central powers, we finally conclude the failure of municipal renewal, even if political learning is reactivated quickly after Sedan. Finally, the ten chapters that make up this thesis - supplemented by a large volume of annexes - question the local political staff in a period of multiple transformations, between city, suburb and countryside
Vencent, Hélène. "Les élèves officiers de marine à la fin du Premier Empire et leur destin". Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040091.
Testo completoThe Navy « Écoles spéciales » (in Brest and Toulon) were created by a bill on Septembre 27th 1810 by Napoleon and his minister of Navy, Decrès. The revolutionary era had weakened the Naval officers corps ; therefore, this decision fit into the larger education reforms by Napoleon but calls back as well to the traditional schooling of Naval officers. But those schools were shut down during the Restauration : Only one generation of officers benefited from these schools and one third of those officers remained in the Navy. Studying their career shows that, in spite of the Navy being purged during the Restauration, Napoleon’s ambition to create an elite was kept alive by those alumni who managed to stay in the Navy. The second part tackles the key objectives of the Navy as seen through the eyes and actions of these officers. These men stand out through the energy they deploy in scientific endeavours and studies, but also through their service in the military operations of the time. This study shines a light on men who, thanks to their chosen profession, are a bridge between France and oversea territories, and know how to navigate the changing politics of their time, both domestically and overseas. Thanks to their logs and reports, we can also take a closer look at the men under the uniform, studying in a third part their family life, the health aspects of their profession and the relationship those officers have with civilian authorities and their hierarchy
Rouveyrol, Jean-Samuel. "Aux environs de Lyon : les villégiatures de 1830 à 1940". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2022.
Testo completoFrom the 1830s to the 1940s, staying in one’s country house residence for half of the year at the gates of Lyon is a continuation, during the modern era, of the already existing seasonal migration for the Lyon elite and a large part of the bourgeoisie of the Rhone city, whether living on their private incomes, their skills or their industrial activities. At first, however, the thesis highlights breaks from the previous era: architectural models become richer and more complex, the domains tend to abandon their productive logic while the spring and summer residential area is confronted with rampant urbanization, resulting in the disappearance of summer homes, their size reduction or adaptations within a chic residential suburb in the making. The study then raises the question of the interest for the bourgeoisie to own a summer home among various rural domains. Close to the city and comfortable, the bourgeois country houses reinvent the aristocratic castle life making it more modern and becoming the rural setting of a sociability that is less formal than in the city. Finally, the thesis examines the impact of the summer home owners in their commune of residence in land and property terms as well as economic, political and religious terms. If the large land ownership of the bourgeoisie leads to dispossession of villagers and a rise in land prices, the issue of the bourgeois parasitism is counterbalanced by the number of jobs created locally and the stimulation of crafts and local trade. The hypothetical bourgeois nuisance also seems to be contradicted by the vote in favour of the bourgeois in some villages, even if they do not win unanimous support everywhere
Hachi, Idir. "Histoire sociale de l'insurrection de 1871 et du procès de ses chefs (Constantine, 1873)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0061.
Testo completoStarting with the study of the 1871 trial of the Algerian insurgency leaders judged in 1873 at the Constantine criminal court, this thesis reconstitutes the judicial saga of an uprising that some recognize as the greatest insurrectionary sequence Algeria ever knew in the nineteenth century.The analysis of the rich documentation exhumed from the Overseas Archives of Aix-en-Provence, the Bibliothèque Nationale de France (Paris) and the archives of the tribunal of Constantine could have reinstated the colonized society’s right to speak and to renew the understanding of the 1871 uprising, but it was without counting the complexity of the political challenges which transformed an insurrection trial into a theater, where the civil-military conflict had to be resolved. The first great civil trial of Algeria was going to transform a major insurrection into common law offenses justifying astonishing forms of sentences.In addressing issues related to the causes and actors of the insurgency, the present work Involved in the analysis of the social history of the nineteenth century Algerian elites and their characteristics, through their involvement in the uprising and the investigative questioning of various historical sources and anthropological materials. While the various historiographies attributed to the djouads’ noble elite or the rahmaniyya confraternity the authorship of the revolt, the present thesis endeavored to highlight the anti-colonist matrix of a popular insurrection
Malgras, Philip. "L'union fait la force : la bonne famille en ses réseaux. L'ascension prodigieuse des Cibiel, du colportage à la haute finance (1754-1914). Théorie de l'acteur stratégique appliquée à l'Histoire de la famille". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL021.
Testo completoThe present thesis aims at determining the origins and forces of the social climbing of the French family Cibiel, between 1754 and 1914, through four generations. Within these 160 years, the family rose from local peddling to international trade and finance. Starting from textile trading in the Southwest of France, the Cibiels gradually built a financial and industrial empire which stretched over all the fields impacted by the Industrial Revolution — transports, mining, metallurgy, urban modernizing —, and accumulated a considerable estate. The analysis of this gradual transformation enables the understanding of the strategies and logics implemented by the various "players" of the family. They forged synergistic common games and individual games to conquer a major economic and socio-political power within elite networks. Their social climbing hinges on an unusual family network, that developed itself through a counters approach, similar to the Rothschilds network. The network analysis and the sociology of organizations methodologies have been used, particularly the "strategic player" theory of Michel Crozier and Erhard Friedberg, to study the Cibiels’ dynamics. They support the assessment of what makes unity a strength. The emergence of a "key player" at each of the first three generations plays a leading role in the family collective. With the break introduced by an intrafamilial "confrontational strategy" at the last generation came the end of the prodigious "good fortune" of the Cibiel family and of its singular success story