Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Electronic white cane"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Electronic white cane":
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Dernayka, Aya, Michel-Ange Amorim, Roger Leroux, Lucas Bogaert e René Farcy. "Tom Pouce III, an Electronic White Cane for Blind People: Ability to Detect Obstacles and Mobility Performances". Sensors 21, n. 20 (15 ottobre 2021): 6854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21206854.
Abstract (sommario):
We present a protocol for evaluating the efficiency of an electronic white cane for improving the mobility of blind people. The electronic cane used during the test is the Tom Pouce III, made of LIDAR sensors (light detection and ranging) with tactile feedback. The protocol comprises two parts. The first part, the “detection test”, evaluates the efficiency of the sensors in the Tom Pouce III for detecting the obstacles found in everyday life (thin and large poles, apertures) under different environmental conditions (darkness, sun light, rain). The second part of the test, the “mobility test”, compares the ability of blind participants to cross a 25 m path by avoiding obstacles with the simple white cane and the electronic cane. The 12 blind participants had between 2 and 20 years of experience of everyday usage of Tom Pouce devices. The results show a significant improvement in the capacity to avoid obstacles with the electronic cane relative to the simple white cane, and there was no speed difference. There was no correlation between the results and the years of experience of the users.
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A. Mousse, Mikaël. "Visually Impaired People Monitoring in a Smart Home using Electronic White Cane". International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 14, n. 03 (30 giugno 2022): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcsit.2022.14308.
Abstract (sommario):
The monitoring of visually impaired people is important in order to help them to travel safely. Then, many research works implement some travel aids. The proposed techniques are mostly based on the use of a white cane. This work introduces an electronic white cane based on sensors' technology. The proposed electronic cane helps its user to detect obstacles within two meters on the ground or in height. Once the obstacle is detected, the system sends vocal instructions via a Bluetooth headset to alert the person concerned. The ultrasonic and infrared sensors have been mounted on the white cane in order to provide it with the necessary intelligence. A raspberry pi performs the processing of the data. The proposed system also suggests using a mobile application to track the visually impaired in real-time. This application has a function that allows you to trace the visual patient's route. This is important to detect the possible cause of damage to patients during their travels. We use Python as programming language for electronic devices. The mobile application is Android. Though, the WEB application is a REST API developed using Python and NodeJs. The system is implemented and tested. The result shows the efficacity of the proposed system.
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Khan, Izaz, Shah Khusro e Irfan Ullah. "Technology-assisted white cane: evaluation and future directions". PeerJ 6 (10 dicembre 2018): e6058. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6058.
Abstract (sommario):
Background Several technology-assisted aids are available to help blind and visually impaired people perform their daily activities. The current research uses the state-of-the-art technology to enhance the utility of traditional navigational aids to produce solutions that are more reliable. In this regard, a white cane is no exception, which is supplemented with the existing technologies to design Electronic Travel Aids (ETAs), Electronic Orientation Aids (EOAs), and Position Locator Devices (PLDs). Although several review articles uncover the strengths and limitations of research contributions that extend traditional navigational aids, we find no review article that covers research contributions on a technology-assisted white cane. The authors attempt to fill this literature gap by reviewing the most relevant research articles published during 2010–2017 with the common objective of enhancing the utility of white cane with the existing technology. Methods The authors have collected the relevant literature published during 2010–17 by searching and browsing all the major digital libraries and publishers’ websites. The inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied to select the research articles that are relevant to the topic of this review article, and all other irrelevant papers were excluded. Among the 577 (534 through database searching and 43 through other sources) initially screened papers, the authors collected 228 full-text articles, which after applying exclusion/inclusion criteria resulted in 36 papers that were included in the evaluation, comparison, and discussion. This also includes research articles of commercially available aids published before the specified range. Results The findings show that the research trend is shifting towards developing a technology-assisted white cane solution that is applicable in both indoor and outdoor environments to aid blind users in navigation. In this regard, exploiting smartphones to develop low-cost and user-friendly navigation solution is among the best research opportunities to explore. In addition, the authors contribute a theoretical evaluation framework to compare and evaluate the state-of-the-art solutions, identify research trends and future directions. Discussion Researchers have been in the quest to find out ways of enhancing the utility of white cane using existing technology. However, for a more reliable enhancement, the design should have user-centric characteristics. It should be portable, reliable, trust-worthy, lightweight, less costly, less power hungry, and require minimal training with special emphasis on its ergonomics and social acceptance. Smartphones, which are the ubiquitous and general-purpose portable devices, should be considered to exploit its capabilities in making technology-assisted white cane smarter and reliable.
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HANAWA, Akinari, e Takashi KANAMARU. "J027022 Construction of an Electronic White Cane System for the Blind with Smartphone". Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2012 (2012): _J027022–1—_J027022–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2012._j027022-1.
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Singh, Bhupendra, e Monit Kapoor. "Assistive cane for visually impaired persons for uneven surface detection with orientation restraint sensing". Sensor Review 40, n. 6 (13 novembre 2020): 687–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-04-2020-0097.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose The reduced ability of eyes to see clearly even with the use of glasses is known as the state of visual impairment. Among the many challenges faced, outdoor travel is one of them requiring to travel through surfaces, which has potholes and bumps. Design/methodology/approach The depth of the pothole and height of the bump is also conveyed to the user through different vibration pattern of various intensity. With available electronic travel aids, the visually impaired persons are still more inclined to rely on their white cane than carrying additional equipment for obstacle avoidance. In the system, all the components can be attached to the white cane, requiring no additional device to carry. Findings Upon experimentation with different obstacle types, the system obtained a 24.88% higher score in comparison to normal walking cane. A comparison with the state of the art available systems is also provided. Originality/value Moreover, the accuracy of the assistive cane can be heavily degraded if the cane is not properly held by the user. To restrict the user to hold the cane in only required orientation an alignment sensing switch is also proposed, which is missing in the current available literature.
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O’Brien, Emily E., Aaron A. Mohtar, Laura E. Diment e Karen J. Reynolds. "A Detachable Electronic Device for Use With a Long White Cane to Assist With Mobility". Assistive Technology 26, n. 4 (2 ottobre 2014): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10400435.2014.926468.
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Pallejà, Tomàs, Marcel Tresanchez, Mercè Teixidó e Jordi Palacin. "Bioinspired Electronic White Cane Implementation Based on a LIDAR, a Tri-Axial Accelerometer and a Tactile Belt". Sensors 10, n. 12 (10 dicembre 2010): 11322–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s101211322.
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Kamarulbaharin, Z. A., e N. Rahmat. "Influence of Acoustical Absorbing Material on the Obstacle Detection Angle of an Ultrasonic Sensor". Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (settembre 2013): 988–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.988.
Abstract (sommario):
Navigation aid is important for the visually impaired person to travel safely. A white cane is normally used to detect obstacles in the persons path but it is limited in its detecting ability as it can only detect obstacles around the length of the cane and is unable to detect moving or overhanging objects. Many types of navigational aids are being developed using ultrasonic sensors to assist the visually impaired to detect obstacles and they are known as Electronic Travel Aids. This paper is focused on studying the influence of acoustical absorbing material on the obstacle detection angle of an ultrasonic sensor. Results showed that a tube lined with acoustical absorbing material attached to the sensor is able to narrow the detection angle for more precise obstacle detection.
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Tobita, Kazuteru, Katsuyuki Sagayama, Mayuko Mori e Ayako Tabuchi. "Structure and Examination of the Guidance Robot LIGHBOT for Visually Impaired and Elderly People". Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 30, n. 1 (20 febbraio 2018): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2018.p0086.
Abstract (sommario):
We developed a robot that can guide visually impaired people and elderly people as they walk around in large hospitals. In relation to this, a previous report described the structure of a guidance robot and the comparison of its use with that of a white cane. It was shown that with the use of the robot, participants could move more easily, safely, and confidently than with a white cane. However, to solve the problems encountered with the use of the previous robot, a new guidance robot was fabricated. This paper describes the structure of the new robot and the results of the demonstration examination of the robot in the Kanagawa Rehabilitation Center. The robot navigates to reach a destination set by using the touch panel, whereas velocity depends on the force exerted by the user on the robot. The questionnaire answered by the participants were evaluated using the system usability scale, which showed that the acceptability range of the robot is “Acceptable” and its usability is high.
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Lupu, Robert-Gabriel, Oana Mitruț, Andrei Stan, Florina Ungureanu, Kyriaki Kalimeri e Alin Moldoveanu. "Cognitive and Affective Assessment of Navigation and Mobility Tasks for the Visually Impaired via Electroencephalography and Behavioral Signals". Sensors 20, n. 20 (15 ottobre 2020): 5821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205821.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper presented the assessment of cognitive load (as an effective real-time index of task difficulty) and the level of brain activation during an experiment in which eight visually impaired subjects performed two types of tasks while using the white cane and the Sound of Vision assistive device with three types of sensory input—audio, haptic, and multimodal (audio and haptic simultaneously). The first task was to identify object properties and the second to navigate and avoid obstacles in both the virtual environment and real-world settings. The results showed that the haptic stimuli were less intuitive than the audio ones and that the navigation with the Sound of Vision device increased cognitive load and working memory. Visual cortex asymmetry was lower in the case of multimodal stimulation than in the case of separate stimulation (audio or haptic). There was no correlation between visual cortical activity and the number of collisions during navigation, regardless of the type of navigation or sensory input. The visual cortex was activated when using the device, but only for the late-blind users. For all the subjects, the navigation with the Sound of Vision device induced a low negative valence, in contrast with the white cane navigation.
Tesi sul tema "Electronic white cane":
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Ahlmark, Daniel Innala. "The Development of a Virtual White Cane Using a Haptic Interface". Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, EISLAB, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-16944.
Abstract (sommario):
For millions of visually impaired individuals worldwide, independent navigation is a major challenge. The white cane can be used to avoid obstacles close-by, but it does not aid in navigation as it is difficult to get a large-scale view of the environment. Technological aids have been developed, notably ones based on GPS, but they have not been widely adopted. This thesis approaches the problem from different perspectives. Firstly, current navigation aids are examined from a user-interaction perspective, leading to some design guidelines on how to present spatial information non-visually. Secondly, a prototype of a new navigation aid (the Virtual White Cane) is proposed, and a field trial with visually impaired participants is described. The idea behind the Virtual White Cane is to utilise the intuitive way humans avoid obstacles by touch, and specifically to leverage the experience white cane users already have. This is accomplished by scanning the environment with a laser rangefinder, and presenting the range information using a haptic interface. The regular white cane is easy to use because it behaves like an extended arm, and so does the Virtual White Cane, albeit working at a much greater distance than the regular cane. A field trial with six experienced white cane users was conducted to assess the feasibility of this kind of interaction. The participants carried out a trial procedure where they traversed a prepared environment using the Virtual White Cane. They did not receive extensive training prior to the trial, the point being that if the Virtual White Cane behaves like a regular one, it should be quick to learn for a white cane user. The results show that spatial information can be feasibly conveyed using a haptic interface. This is demonstrated by the ease with which the field trial participants familiarised themselves with the system, notably adopting a similar usage pattern. In interviews that were conducted following the trial procedures, the participants expressed interest in the idea and thought that being a white cane user helped them use the Virtual White Cane. Despite knowing how to operate the system, the participants found locating objects to be difficult. An extended training period would likely have made this easier, but this problem could also be lessened by understanding what model parameters (such as the length of the virtual cane) should be used.Godkänd; 2014; 20140227 (danahl); Nedanstående person kommer att hålla licentiatseminarium för avläggande av teknologie licentiatexamen. Namn: Daniel Innala Ahlmark Ämne: Industriell elektronik/Industrial Electronics Uppsats: The Development of a Virtual White Cane Using a Haptic Interface Examinator: Professor emeritus Kalevi Hyyppä, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Docent Charlotte Magnusson, Certec, Institutionen för designvetenskaper, Lunds tekniska högskola Tid: Fredag den 4 april 2014 kl 14.00 Plats: A109, Luleå tekniska universitet För Tekniska fakultetsnämnden
Seende rullstol
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Thomas, Duane J. "Racist white stereotypes and physician race : factors influencing black health care related responses /". Electronic version (PDF), 2005. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2005/thomasd/duanethomas.pdf.
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Maxwell, Karen Elizabeth. "Designing the Plane While Flying It: A Case Study on Nursing Faculty Development during Academic Electronic Health Records Integration in a Small Liberal Arts College". PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1930.
Abstract (sommario):
The expectation of graduating nurses today is to be knowledgeable and responsive to rapidly changing technology in the health care environment. Although federal mandates, Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations, and nursing program accreditation initiatives are pushing an "informatics" healthcare agenda by promoting the implementation of electronic health record (EHR) systems by 2014 in all healthcare facilities, very few US nursing schools provide students with access and training in, EHR systems. In addition, nursing faculty may not have a clear understanding of healthcare informatics; the use of information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision-making. Nursing education must address faculty issues related to this innovative paradigm in order to keep pace and participate as co-creators of relevant informatics technology curriculum that prepares graduates for real life workforce.
Understanding the challenges, concerns, and successes in implementing informatics may help nurse educators as they develop curriculum and teach in this environment. This case study explores and describes, with nursing faculty of a small liberal arts college, faculty knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) as they participate in an action research framed curriculum development program for informatics academic EHR (AEHR) integration. The research question:What is the experience of nursing educators and nursing faculty members involved in the integration of an AEHR project framed in the Learning by Developing model at a small liberal arts college school of nursing?
Significant insights as participants in the study influenced nurse educators' ideas regarding collaborative curricular design, meaningful assignments, and the importance of feedback.
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Ross, Nicole Kristine. "Doing Good While Going Public: Ramping Up the ExactTarget Foundation Amidst the IPO Process (Q1 2012)". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3222.
Libri sul tema "Electronic white cane":
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T, Kiesmüller, e Bayerische Motoren Werke, a cura di. Arbeitsstrukturierung in typischen Bürobereichen eines Industriebetriebes (ASTEX): Praktische Lösungsansätze bei technisch-organisatorischen Veränderungen aus einem Pilotprojekt. Bremerhaven: Wirtschaftsverlag NW, 1987.
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Kuhn, Will, e Ethan Hein. Electronic Music School. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190076634.001.0001.
Abstract (sommario):
This book is a practical blueprint for teachers who want to begin teaching project-based music technology, production, and songwriting to secondary and college-age students. It aims to inspire teachers to expand beyond the usual ensemble offerings and to create a culture of unique creativity at their schools. The approach primarily draws upon the authors’ experiences developing and implementing the music technology program at Lebanon (Ohio) High School, one of the nation’s largest secondary-level programs, and courses at New York University and Montclair State University. While the lesson templates can be used with any hardware and software setup, the popular digital audio workstation Ableton Live is used for specific examples and screenshots.
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Ruskin, Keith J., e Ori Gottlieb. Anesthesia Information Management Systems (AIMS) for the OOOR Setting. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190495756.003.0008.
Abstract (sommario):
Anesthesia information management systems (AIMS) offer significant benefits to an anesthesiologist who practices beyond the operating room. AIMS systems have the potential to improve patient care because they deliver a customized, legible anesthesia record while storing the patient’s physiologic data in an easily searchable database. An electronic workflow allows the anesthesiologist to focus on patient care while facilitating tasks such as quality assurance, compliance, research, and billing.
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SALIM, Dr GULRUKH. BUSINESS COMMUNICATION. KAAV PUBLICATIONS, DELHI, INDIA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/9789391842321.2022.tb.
Abstract (sommario):
This book is Emotional intelligence comes with motivation, and motivation is result of good communication, effective communication cycle starts from sender of the message to and delivered to receiver which gives feedback, medium is important in case of communication, air, Electronic medium all multimedia facets can be used in communication. The words in communication should be put like pearls in necklace, The words should smell like roses in banquets with their aesthetic essence. Words spoken once cannot be taken back so be cautions while your speak.
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Weinel, Jonathan. Abstractions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190671181.003.0009.
Abstract (sommario):
The concluding chapter of Inner Sound: Altered States of Consciousness in Electronic Music and Audio-Visual Media consolidates the main arguments of the book. The journey taken is recapitulated, from shamanic rituals to psychedelic rock shows and raves; and from outdoor electroacoustic concerts to synaesthetic films and hallucinatory video games. Across these examples, similar underlying principles can be identified, revealing a continuity from ancient shamanism to modern ‘technoshamanism’. Yet while some imperatives have remained consistent, the technologies have evolved, yielding ever-more accurate and sophisticated representations of altered states in electronic music and audio-visual media. This finds us on the brink of ‘Altered States of Consciousness Simulations’, which replicate the sensory experience of altered states using immersive technologies such as fulldomes and virtual reality headsets. Looking forwards, the possible uses and ethical implications of these simulations are explored, at the frontiers of electronic music and art.
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Lattman, Eaton E., Thomas D. Grant e Edward H. Snell. Pushing the Envelope. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199670871.003.0014.
Abstract (sommario):
Direct electron density determination from SAXS data opens up new opportunities. The ability to model density at high resolution and the implicit direct estimation of solvent terms such as the hydration shell may enable high-resolution wide angle scattering data to be used to calculate density when combined with additional structural information. Other diffraction methods that do not measure three-dimensional intensities, such as fiber diffraction, may also be able to take advantage of iterative structure factor retrieval. While the ability to reconstruct electron density ab initio is a major breakthrough in the field of solution scattering, the potential of the technique has yet to be fully uncovered. Additional structural information from techniques such as crystallography, NMR, and electron microscopy and density modification procedures can now be integrated to perform advanced modeling of the electron density function at high resolution, pushing the boundaries of solution scattering further than ever before.
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Fogelman, Patricia Maani, e Janine A. Gerringer. Withdrawal of Cardiology Technology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190204709.003.0011.
Abstract (sommario):
The care of the cardiac patient requires exquisite assessment including history, physical examinations, and diagnostic data in order to make differential diagnoses and formulate individualized treatment plans. Interventions include education about lifestyle modifications, the introduction and titration of cardiac medications, and referral for more advanced treatments such as vasoactive or inotropic medications, cardiovascular implantable electronic devices, and ventricular assist devices. Often, patients decide to discontinue these therapies. Standardized protocols for withdrawal of life-sustaining respiratory therapies provide structured guidance, reduce variation in practice, and improve satisfaction of families and healthcare providers. This chapter reviews such therapies and the process for cessation while simultaneously attending to symptom management.
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Chenoweth, Juneal M., a cura di. American Reference Books Annual. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400611674.
Abstract (sommario):
Read professional, fair reviews by practicing academic, public, and school librarians and subject-area specialists that will enable you to make the best choices from among the latest reference resources. This newest edition of American Reference Books Annual (ARBA) provides librarians with insightful, critical reviews of print and electronic reference resources released or updated in 2017-2018, as well as some from 2019 that were received in time for review in the publication. By using this invaluable guide to consider both the positive and negative aspects of each resource, librarians can make informed decisions about which new reference resources are most appropriate for their collections and their patrons' needs. Collection development librarians who are working with limited budgets as is the case in practically every library today will be able to maximize the benefit from their monetary resources by selecting what they need most for their collection, while bypassing materials that bring limited value to their specific environment.
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Miller, Toby. The Art of Waste. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039362.003.0006.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter addresses macrolevel environmental and resource questions that underpin the critical study of media infrastructures. It examines the “art of waste” and brings a discussion of e-waste. Electronic or e-waste artists use the freedom of art to demand secure labor and a sustainable environment. They translate scientific and activist ideas and found or invented materials, encouraging people to think of the imminent, not just the past and present. This engages popular culture in an avant-garde way that can feed back into the everyday and in turn be made sense of by public-interest intermediaries as well as opportunistic commerce. Ultimately, e-waste artists' creative reuse of waste as art challenges the upgrade society's culture of built-in obsolescence, while the curating of such work by museums can be part of a wider commitment against e-waste.
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Hegarty, Paul. Noise Music. Bloomsbury Academic, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501382826.
Abstract (sommario):
Noise/Music looks at the phenomenon of noise in music, from experimental music of the early 20th century to the Japanese noise music and glitch electronica of today. It situates different musics in their cultural and historical context, and analyses them in terms of cultural aesthetics. Paul Hegarty argues that noise is a judgement about sound, that what was noise can become acceptable as music, and that in many ways the idea of noise is similar to the idea of the avant-garde. While it provides an excellent historical overview, the book's main concern is in the noise music that has emerged since the mid 1970s, whether through industrial music, punk, free jazz, or the purer noise of someone like Merzbow. The book progresses seamlessly from discussions of John Cage, Erik Satie, and Pauline Oliveros through to bands like Throbbing Gristle and the Boredoms. Sharp and erudite, and underpinned throughout by the ideas of thinkers like Adorno and Deleuze, Noise/Music is the perfect primer for anyone interested in the louder side of experimental music.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Electronic white cane":
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Koti, Abhishek, Akhil Khare e Pallavi Khare. "An Electronic DIGI White Cane for the Visually-Impaired Personnel". In Proceedings of Eighth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, 581–89. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3043-2_46.
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Walker, Josiah, Nakul Bajaj, Braden L. Crimmins e J. Alex Halderman. "Logic and Accuracy Testing: A Fifty-State Review". In Electronic Voting, 157–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15911-4_10.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractPre-election logic and accuracy (L$$ { \& }$$ & A) testing is a process in which election officials validate the behavior of voting equipment by casting a known set of test ballots and confirming the expected results. Ideally, such testing can serve to detect certain forms of human error or fraud and help bolster voter confidence. We present the first detailed analysis of L$$ { \& }$$ & A testing practices across the United States. We find that while all states require L$$ { \& }$$ & A testing before every election, their implementations vary dramatically in scope, transparency, and rigorousness. We summarize each state’s requirements and score them according to uniform criteria. We also highlight best practices and flag opportunities for improvement, in hopes of encouraging broader adoption of more effective L$$ { \& }$$ & A processes.
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Ek, Alexander, Philip B. Stark, Peter J. Stuckey e Damjan Vukcevic. "Adaptively Weighted Audits of Instant-Runoff Voting Elections: AWAIRE". In Electronic Voting, 35–51. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43756-4_3.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractAn election audit is risk-limiting if the audit limits (to a pre-specified threshold) the chance that an erroneous electoral outcome will be certified. Extant methods for auditing instant-runoff voting (IRV) elections are either not risk-limiting or require cast vote records (CVRs), the voting system’s electronic record of the votes on each ballot. CVRs are not always available, for instance, in jurisdictions that tabulate IRV contests manually.We develop an RLA method (AWAIRE) that uses adaptively weighted averages of test supermartingales to efficiently audit IRV elections when CVRs are not available. The adaptive weighting ‘learns’ an efficient set of hypotheses to test to confirm the election outcome. When accurate CVRs are available, AWAIRE can use them to increase the efficiency to match the performance of existing methods that require CVRs.We provide an open-source prototype implementation that can handle elections with up to six candidates. Simulations using data from real elections show that AWAIRE is likely to be efficient in practice. We discuss how to extend the computational approach to handle elections with more candidates.Adaptively weighted averages of test supermartingales are a general tool, useful beyond election audits to test collections of hypotheses sequentially while rigorously controlling the familywise error rate.
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Gjøsteen, Kristian, Thomas Haines e Morten Rotvold Solberg. "Coercion Mitigation for Voting Systems with Trackers: A Selene Case Study". In Electronic Voting, 69–86. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43756-4_5.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractAn interesting approach to achieving verifiability in voting systems is to make use of tracking numbers. This gives voters a simple way of verifying that their ballot was counted: they can simply look up their ballot/tracker pair on a public bulletin board. It is crucial to understand how trackers affect other security properties, in particular privacy. However, existing privacy definitions are not designed to accommodate tracker-based voting systems. Furthermore, the addition of trackers increases the threat of coercion. There does however exist techniques to mitigate the coercion threat. While the term coercion mitigation has been used in the literature when describing voting systems such as Selene, no formal definition of coercion mitigation seems to exist. In this paper we formally define what coercion mitigation means for tracker-based voting systems. We model Selene in our framework and we prove that Selene provides coercion mitigation, in addition to privacy and verifiability.
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Müller, Johannes, e Tomasz Truderung. "CAISED: A Protocol for Cast-as-Intended Verifiability with a Second Device". In Electronic Voting, 123–39. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43756-4_8.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractNumerous approaches for cast-as-intended verifiability have been proposed in the literature on electronic voting, balancing practical aspects and security guarantees in different ways. One of the well-established methods involves the use of a second device that allows voters to audit their submitted ballots. This approach offers several benefits, including support for flexible ballot and election types and an intuitive user experience. Moreover, solutions based on this approach are generally adaptable to a range of existing voting protocols, rather than being restricted to a particular election scheme. This approach has been successfully implemented in real-life elections, such as in Estonia [18].In this work, we improve the existing solutions for cast-as-intended verifiability based on the use of a second device. We propose a solution that preserves the advantageous practical properties outlined above, while providing stronger security guarantees. Our method does not increase the risk of vote selling compared to the underlying voting protocol to be augmented, and it requires only comparatively weak trust assumptions to achieve this. It can be combined with various voting protocols, including commitment-based systems that provide everlasting privacy.Overall, our work offers a new option to strengthen cast-as-intended and end-to-end verifiability for real-world Internet elections.
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Buldas, Ahto, Dirk Draheim e Märt Saarepera. "Secure and Efficient Implementation of Electronic Money". In Future Data and Security Engineering. Big Data, Security and Privacy, Smart City and Industry 4.0 Applications, 34–51. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8069-5_3.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractDuring the last years, central banks have discussed possible use of central bank digital currencies (CBDC) – electronic cash. Besides the financial and economic factors also the security and scalability of technical implementation of CBDC have been studied. Blockchain technology provides high level of security independent of the technical infrastructure and enables central banks to outsource most of the CBDC operations to the private sector while still having full control over the total amount of CBDC in circulation. Scalability of blockchain solutions depends on the possibility of decomposing (sharding) the blockchain. Electronic money and payments can be represented and organized in several ways, including accounts, bills/coins, and also unspent transaction outputs (UTXOs). We show how the representation of money and payments influences the existence of secure and decomposable blockchain implementations of electronic money. We show that the bill money scheme can be securely and efficiently implemented as sharded blockchains.
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Livramento da Silva, Renato Fonseca, e Alejandro Rafael Garcia Ramirez. "Contribution to Mobility and Orientation Teaching Programs". In Handbook of Research on ICTs for Human-Centered Healthcare and Social Care Services, 670–86. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3986-7.ch035.
Abstract (sommario):
The long cane widely used by blind people in their daily locomotion works as an extension of tactile sense. However, it does not supply the need to read elements located above the waistline, commonly found in urban centers, and which represent physical constraints. Those constraints, such as pay phones, awnings, dumps, and others may cause accidents, transmitting insecurity. This chapter describes the assistive technology project named Electronic Long Cane, which has been developed as a mobility aid for blind or visual impaired people in open urban spaces. The approach includes an ergonomic design along with embedded electronics placed inside the grip of a traditional long cane. The device, through haptics, warns of obstacles above the waistline, avoiding potential collisions, therefore leading to better surrounding perception and safer locomotion. There is a discussion upfront on the efforts towards improvement of the interaction between visually impaired people and the urban environment through experimental methods. The related evaluation was carried out by voluntary blind people along with experts on mobility techniques. A detailed analysis of touch technique, which is the basis for consequent design of white cane, is also presented.
8
Siddesh, G. M., K. G. Srinivasa, Siddharth Kaushik, S. V. Varun, Vidhatri Subramanyam e Vinay M. Patil. "Internet of Things (IOT) Solution for Increasing the Quality of Life of Physically Challenged People". In Securing the Internet of Things, 999–1011. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9866-4.ch044.
Abstract (sommario):
Visually Impaired (VI) people generally face difficulties during their pedestrian commute, when forced on to side-walks cluttered with vendors, animals and other obstacles. No single system can comprehensively cover all of their mobility needs. The proposed system intends to provide smart electronic aid for the VI which is appropriate to complement their white cane using the principles of the IoT. It detects any low-lying obstacles on its course and alerts the user to them and also uses Global Positioning System (GPS) technology which is a component of any smart phone, to pinpoint the VI's location when necessary. A feedback system, which is essentially a simple auditory circuit, which alarms the user of any obstacle, and informs priory designated guardians about the VI's current whereabouts, done by transmitting the coordinates of VI to a registered mobile number fed into an Android Application.
9
Weller, Mark T., e Nigel A. Young. "Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy". In Characterisation Methods in Inorganic Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780199654413.003.0009.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter focuses on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, which is also known as electron spin resonance (ESR), and, more rarely, electron magnetic resonance (EMR) spectroscopy. EPR spectroscopy is a useful technique for characterizing compounds that contain unpaired electrons (paramagnetic species), such as materials containing the d- and f-block elements and main-group compounds that exist as radicals. It provides molecular structural information about the species present and can give a very detailed insight into the electronic structure. However, the key limitation of EPR spectroscopy is that the species under investigation must contain at least one unpaired electron. While there are numerous stable transition metal compounds with unpaired electrons, these are much less common in organic and main-group chemistry.
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Dyall, Kenneth G., e Knut Faegri. "Properties of Relativistic Mean-Field Theory". In Introduction to Relativistic Quantum Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195140866.003.0013.
Abstract (sommario):
We have previously seen how the Dirac equation for one particle requires some rather special consideration and interpretation in order to arrive at a form that is able to treat electrons and positrons on an equal footing. These problems persist also when we go to systems with more than one electron. One might think that the extension to several electrons should not introduce dramatic changes. After all, we noted that even the one-electron problem must be viewed as a many-electron (and -positron) system in order to arrive at a consistent description. The problem with introducing more electrons is that electron–electron interactions that were previously small—for the one-electron case typically arising from vacuum polarization and self-interaction—now occur to the same order as the kinetic energy and the interaction with the potential. So while a perturbative approach such as QED can use the solutions of the one-electron Dirac equations as a very good starting approximation to a more accurate description of the full system, the same would not work for a system with more electrons because it would mean neglecting interactions of the same magnitude as the zeroth-order energy. For applications to quantum chemistry, the treatment of the entire electron–electron interaction as a perturbation would be hopelessly impractical, as it is even in manyelectron relativistic atomic structure calculations. The technique for dealing with this problem is well known from nonrelativistic calculations on many-electron systems. One-particle basis sets are developed by considering the behavior of the single electron in the mean field of all the other electrons, and while this neglects a smaller part of the interaction energy, the electron correlation, it provides a suitable starting point for further variational or perturbational treatments to recover more of the electron–electron interaction. It is only natural to pursue the same approach for the relativistic case. Thus one may proceed to construct a mean-field method that can be used as a basis for the perturbation theory of QED.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Electronic white cane":
1
Niitsu, Yoshihiro, Saki Itoh, Shinya Kitahara, Hiroya Minami e Michio Shimomura. "Walking support by dangerous obstacles notification using an electronic white cane". In 2012 18th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apcc.2012.6388191.
2
Halim, Suharsono, Finna Handafiah, Ria Aprilliyani e Arief Udhiarto. "Electronic white cane with GPS radar-based concept as blind mobility enhancement without distance limitation". In 2ND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING’S RECENT PROGRESS IN BIOMATERIALS, DRUGS DEVELOPMENT, AND MEDICAL DEVICES: Proceedings of the International Symposium of Biomedical Engineering (ISBE) 2017. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5023994.
3
Morrison, Robert, Thomas Lord, Emily Esko, Lauren Gillmeister, Christine Kazlauskas, Derek Kamper e Jennifer Kang-Mieler. "Design of a Novel Electronic Travel Aid to Assist Visually Impaired Individuals Navigate Their Environment". In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80352.
Abstract (sommario):
Worldwide there are over 160 million people with severe visual impairment, as defined by visual acuity poorer than 20/200.1 A prominent concern for visually impaired individuals is their limited navigational abilities due to insufficient sensory information about their surrounding environment which results in difficulty with navigating new or complex environments. In these situations, they often have to rely on the assistance of others to help them reach their destination. Furthermore, even when the visually impaired individuals are familiar with the area, they are not always aware of non-stationary obstacles, such as cars or people. Two commonly used solutions currently available to help visually impaired individuals navigate their surroundings are the white cane and guide dogs. The white cane is useful for alerting its users to obstacles closer than 1.5 m, but it does not provide any information about the environment beyond that scope. Guide dogs are in unfortunately limited supply and can cost upwards of $42,000 to train.2 To address this challenge, multiple groups have examined more technologically advanced solutions to help visually impaired individuals. However, these devices have some major limitations, such as complicated display modalities and non-intuitive sensory representation of environmental information. The major goal of this proposal is to develop a new electronic travel aid (ETA) that will help visually impaired individuals navigate their environment more easily by using a novel method of directly displaying the location of obstacles up to 4 m away on the user’s torso with a grid of small vibrational devices called tactors. This device is intended to be used with a traditional white cane that can detect objects very close to the user and terrain changes, such as a step in a stairwell.
4
Zantou, Pamely, Mikael A. Mousse e Béthel C. A. R. K Atohoun. "An Intelligent based System for Blind People Monitoring in a Smart Home". In 9th International Conference on Signal, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SPPR 2020). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2020.101910.
Abstract (sommario):
Visually impaired people need help to travel safely. To make this possible, many travel aids have been designed. Among them, the cane which is considered as a symbol of visual deficiency in the whole world. In this work, we build an electronic white cane using sensors' technology. This intelligent cane detects obstacles within 2m on the ground or in height, and sends vocal instructions via a Bluetooth headset. We have also built a mobile application to track in real time the visually impaired and a WEB application to control the access to the mobile one. We use ultrasound, IR sensors and a raspberry pi to process data. We use Python as programming language for electronic devices. The mobile application is Android. Though, the WEB application is a REST API developed using Python and Java Script.
5
Uemura, Wataru, e Takato Hayama. "A white cane mounted with infrared sensors to detect automatic doors". In 2015 IEEE 5th International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Berlin (ICCE-Berlin). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icce-berlin.2015.7391330.
6
Yablonovitch, E. "Photonic band structure: observation of an energy gap for light in 3-D periodic dielectric structures". In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.fw6.
Abstract (sommario):
By analogy to electron waves in a crystal, light waves in a 3-D periodic dielectric structure should be described by band theory. Recently, the idea of photonic band structure1 has been introduced. This means that the concepts of reciprocal space, Brillouin zones, dispersion relations, Bloch wave functions, Van Hove singularities, etc. must now be applied to optical waves. If the depth of index of refraction modulation is sufficient, a photonic band gap can exist. This is an energy band in which optical modes, spontaneous emission, and zero point fluctuations are all absent. Therefore, inhibited spontaneous emission can now begin to play a role in a semiconductors and solid-state electronics. It makes sense then to speak of photonic band structure and of a photonic reciprocal space, which has a Brillouin zone ~1000 times smaller than the Brillouin zone of the electrons. If the dielectric constant is periodically modulated in all three dimensions, it is possible to have a photonic band gap which overlaps the electronic band edge and for spontaneous electron-hole recombination to be rigorously forbidden. Indeed the photonic band gap is essentially ideal since the dielectric response can be real and dissipationless. It is interesting that the most natural real space structure for the optical medium is face centered cubic (fee), which is also the most famous atomic arrangement in crystals. The comparison between electronic and photonic band structure is revealing: (a) The underlying dispersion relation for electrons is parabolic, while that for photons is linear. (b) The angular momentum of electrons is 1/2, but the scalar wave approximation is frequently made; in contrast, photons have spin 1 and the vector wave character will likely play a major role in the band structure. (c) The band theory of electrons is only an approximation due to electron-electron repulsion, while photonic band theory is essentially exact since photon interactions are negligible.
7
Villarreal, Ezekiel, Nicolas Horny e Heng Ban. "Direct Measurement of Thermal Boundary Resistance Reduction Due to Electron Carriers by Photothermal Radiometery". In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73000.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract A thermal boundary resistance occurs between any two surfaces that are not in perfect contact with each other. It is well predicted that this thermal resistance decreases as heat carriers, typically phonons or electrons, cross the contact surface. While phonon transport and electron transport are well documented in a number of conditions, direct measurement of the electron contribution to thermal boundary resistance across micro layers has not been shown. Understanding the effect of electrons on the heat transfer of thin layer is very important in understanding the thermal behavior of micro- and nano-electronics, which has impact on both the life and the reliability of electronics. This paper presents an experimental test on the heat transfer as electrons cross the boundary of an n-doped Schottky Diode. Photothermal Radiometry (PTR) measurements were then taken to determine the thermal boundary resistance. Measurements were made on the same diode in both the open and closed state. The obtained open and closed fit parameters were then compared with each other to determine the reduction in thermal boundary resistance. It was found that the thermal boundary resistance of the diode in its opened state was 8.4 K m /GW; while the thermal boundary resistance was 6.4 K m /GW when the Schottky diode was closed with current of 100 mA. This represents a reduction in the thermal boundary resistance of approximately 24% for the case where the electrons were crossing the boundary. This result confirms experimentally that the electron heat transport effectively reduces the thermal resistance across boundaries.
8
Hubbard, William A. "Mapping Conductivity and Electric Field in an AlGaAs HEMT with STEM EBIC". In ISTFA 2023. ASM International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2023p0384.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The operation of modern semiconductor components often relies on nanoscale electronic features emerging from complicated device architectures with finely tuned composition. While the physical structure of these devices may be straightforward to image, the resulting electronic characteristics are invisible to most high-resolution imaging techniques. Here we present electron beam-induced (EBIC) imaging in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) as a high-resolution imaging technique with electronic-based contrast for characterizing complex semiconductor devices. Here, as an example case, we discuss the preparation and imaging of a STEM EBIC-compatible cross section extracted from a commercial AlGaAs high electron-mobility transistor (HEMT). The device exhibits low surface leakage, as measured via electrical testing and STEM EBIC conductivity contrast. The EBIC signal in the active layer of the device is mostly confined to the InGaAs channel, indicating that the electronic structure is largely preserved following sample preparation.
9
Saeta, P. N., J. K. Wang, Y. Siegal, N. Bloembergen e E. Mazur. "Femtosecond, Electronically-Induced Disordering of GaAs". In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1992.mc8.
Abstract (sommario):
Picosecond laser pulse experiments on semiconductors show that a thermal melting model can explain the behavior of these materials when irradiated with such pulses.1 This model assumes that energy is quickly transferred from the electrons excited by the laser pulse to the lattice through phonon emission. The lattice then heats up to the melting temperature and undergoes a phase transition to the liquid phase. However, the thermal model breaks down if the energy of the laser pulse is deposited into the electronic system on a time scale which is short compared to the electron-lattice energy relaxation time, as in the case of femtosecond laser pulses exciting semiconductors with relaxation times of a few picoseconds.2 In this case, the bond breaking which occurs through excitation of valence electrons to the conduction band can lead directly to ionic disordering while the lattice is still cold.3 Experiments performed on silicon with femtosecond laser pulses indeed suggest disordering of a cold lattice.4 We have performed a series of measurements on GaAs using 160-fs pulses which show that above a threshold pump fluence of 0.1 J/cm2, the material undergoes an ultrafast transition to a disordered, metallic phase in less than 0.5 ps.
10
Ayyaswamy, Ashok Kumar, Srujanbabu Sridharala, Mohamed B. Trabia, Brendan O’Toole, Qunli Liu e Mostafiz Chowdhury. "Characterization of Electronic Board Material Properties Under Impact Loading". In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41610.
Abstract (sommario):
On-board electronics in advanced military apparatus are often subjected to severe ballistic shocks and vibrations. Safeguarding on-board electronic sensors from such transient shocks due to ballistic impact is of concern. While several studies document material characteristics of electronic boards under quasi-static and low impacts, few researchers addressed the behavior of these boards under severe impact loading. This paper presents the results of testing electronic boards under different strain rates to assess the effects of strain rates on modulus of elasticity of the boards. The results are used to suggest material models that can be used in finite element codes to accurately describe the behavior of these boards under impact loading.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Electronic white cane":
1
Humpage, Sarah D. Benefits and Costs of Electronic Medical Records: The Experience of Mexico's Social Security Institute. Inter-American Development Bank, giugno 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008829.
Abstract (sommario):
Electronic medical record (EMR) systems are increasingly used in developing countries to improve quality of care while increasing efficiency. There is little systematic evidence, however, regarding EMRs' benefits and costs. This case study documents the implementation and use of an EMR system at the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS). Three EMR systems are now in operation for primary care, outpatient and inpatient hospital care. The evidence suggests that the primary care system has improved efficiency of care delivery and human resources management, and may have decreased incidence of fraud. The hospital systems, however, have lower coverage and are less popular among staff. The greater success of the primary care system may be due to greater investment, a participatory development process, an open workplace culture, and software appropriately tailored to the workflow. Moving forward, efforts should be made to exploit data housed in EMRs for medical and policy research.
2
Maxwell, Karen. Designing the Plane While Flying It: A Case Study on Nursing Faculty Development during Academic Electronic Health Records Integration in a Small Liberal Arts College. Portland State University Library, gennaio 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1929.
3
Jung, Seyoung, Ho-young Lee, Haeun Lee, Ilha Yune, Da Som Me Park, Luis Tejerina e Donghyun Kang. The Digital Transformation of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Inter-American Development Bank, marzo 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005682.
Abstract (sommario):
This case study underscores the significance of digitalization in healthcare, exemplified by Korea's successful integration of electronic health record (EHR) systems, which has markedly enhanced clinical services quality and efficiency. Focusing on the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH), a leading national multispecialty academic medical center in Korea, the case study details the hospital's journey towards digitalization through the implementation of its interoperable EHR system, BESTCare. Through focus group interviews with field-deployed staff, the study reveals the critical factors for successful digital transformation in hospital management, including leadership investment decisions and the engagement of end-users from the outset. The gradual yet significant benefits of digital transformation, such as cost efficiency and clinical quality improvements, are highlighted, along with the adaptability of digital tools in crisis situations like the COVID-19 pandemic. The study concludes with the documented impacts of BESTCare and other digital tools on care quality and efficiency, suggesting that similar digital transformation efforts in Latin America and the Caribbean could lead to significant health outcomes improvements while maintaining current healthcare spending levels.
4
Schnabel, Filipina, e Danielle Aldridge. Effectiveness of EHR-Depression Screening Among Adult Diabetics in an Urban Primary Care Clinic. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, aprile 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0003.
Abstract (sommario):
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) and depression are important comorbid conditions that can lead to more serious health outcomes. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) supports routine screening for depression as part of standard diabetes management. The PHQ2 and PHQ9 questionnaires are good diagnostic screening tools used for major depressive disorders in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). This quality improvement study aims to compare the rate of depression screening, treatment, and referral to behavioral health in adult patients with DM2 pre and post-integration of depression screening tools into the electronic health record (EHR). Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review on patients aged 18 years and above with a diagnosis of DM2 and no initial diagnosis of depression or other mental illnesses. Chart reviews included those from 2018 or prior for before integration data and 2020 to present for after integration. Sixty subjects were randomly selected from a pool of 33,695 patients in the clinic with DM2 from the year 2013-2021. Thirty of the patients were prior to the integration of depression screening tools PHQ2 and PHQ9 into the EHR, while the other half were post-integration. The study population ranged from 18-83 years old. Results All subjects (100%) were screened using PHQ2 before integration and after integration. Twenty percent of patients screened had a positive PHQ2 among subjects before integration, while 10% had a positive PHQ2 after integration. Twenty percent of patients were screened with a PHQ9 pre-integration which accounted for 100% of those subjects with a positive PHQ2. However, of the 10% of patients with a positive PHQ2 post-integration, only 6.7 % of subjects were screened, which means not all patients with a positive PHQ2 were adequately screened post-integration. Interestingly, 10% of patients were treated with antidepressants before integration, while none were treated with medications in the post-integration group. There were no referrals made to the behavior team in either group. Conclusion There is no difference between the prevalence of depression screening before or after integration of depression screening tools in the EHR. The study noted that there is a decrease in the treatment using antidepressants after integration. However, other undetermined conditions could have influenced this. Furthermore, not all patients with positive PHQ2 in the after-integration group were screened with PHQ9. The authors are unsure if the integration of the depression screens influenced this change. In both groups, there is no difference between referrals to the behavior team. Implications to Nursing Practice This quality improvement study shows that providers are good at screening their DM2 patients for depression whether the screening tools were incorporated in the EHR or not. However, future studies regarding providers, support staff, and patient convenience relating to accessibility and availability of the tool should be made. Additional issues to consider are documentation reliability, hours of work to scan documents in the chart, risk of documentation getting lost, and the use of paper that requires shredding to comply with privacy.
5
Stott, Alexander, Caitlin Callaghan, Douglas Punt e Tyler Elliott. Cold impacts on vehicle electrical systems : developing a baseline for cold testing military vehicles. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), settembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47594.
Abstract (sommario):
Low temperatures can significantly affect vehicle operation. While many of the effects, like increased fluid viscosity and decreased battery capacity, are well documented, the impacts on the electrical system as a whole are not. The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of tempera-ture on the electrical systems of select military vehicles and to develop a baseline for future testing. A High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), a Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck (HEMTT), and a four-person diesel Polaris MRZR D4 were subjected to 15°C, 0°C, and −15°C temperatures while the loads on the battery and alternator were monitored. The HMMWV and MRZR were able to start on the first try for all tests. They both showed a slight increase in vehicle load current draw from the alternator as temperatures decreased. Future testing with more iterations and at lower temperatures will help identify clearer trends and improve testing procedures. As the Army becomes more reliant on electronic systems, it is becoming increasingly important that we understand how various climates will impact them.
6
Kira, Beatriz, Rutendo Tavengerwei e Valary Mumbo. Points à examiner à l'approche des négociations de Phase II de la ZLECAf: enjeux de la politique commerciale numérique dans quatre pays d'Afrique subsaharienne. Digital Pathways at Oxford, marzo 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2022/01.
Abstract (sommario):
Realities such as the COVID-19 pandemic have expedited the move to online operations, highlighting the undeniable fact that the world is continuing to go digital. This emphasises the need for policymakers to regulate in a manner that allows them to harness digital trade benefits while also avoiding associated risk. However, given that digital trade remains unco-ordinated globally, with countries adopting different approaches to policy issues, national regulatory divergence on the matter continues, placing limits on the benefits that countries can obtain from digital trade. Given these disparities, ahead of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Phase II Negotiations, African countries have been considering the best way to harmonise regulations on issues related to digital trade. To do this effectively, AfCFTA members need to identify where divergencies exist in their domestic regulatory systems. This will allow AfCFTA members to determine where harmonisation is possible, as well as what is needed to achieve such harmonisation. This report analyses the domestic regulations and policies of four focus countries – South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya and Senegal – comparing their regulatory approaches to five policy issues: i) regulation of online transactions; ii) cross-border data flows, data localisation, and personal data protection; iii) access to source code and technology transfer; iv) intermediary liability; and v) customs duties on electronic transmissions. The study highlights where divergencies exist in adopted approaches, indicating the need for the four countries – and AfCFTA members in general – to carefully consider the implications of the divergences, and determine where it is possible and beneficial to harmonise approaches. This was intended to encourage AfCFTA member states to take ownership of these issues and reflect on the reforms needed. As seen in Table 1 below, the study shows that the four countries diverge on most of the five policy issues. There are differences in how all four countries regulate online transactions – that is, e-signatures and online consumer protection. Nigeria was the only country out of the four to recognise all types of e-signatures as legally equivalent. Kenya and Senegal only recognise specific e-signatures, which are either issued or validated by a recognised institution, while South Africa adopts a mixed approach, where it recognises all e-signatures as legally valid, but provides higher evidentiary weight to certain types of e-signatures. Only South Africa and Senegal have specific regulations relating to online consumer protection, while Nigeria and Kenya do not have any clear rules. With regards to cross border data flows, data localisation, and personal data protection, the study shows that all four focus countries have regulations that consist of elements borrowed from the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In particular, this was regarding the need for the data subject's consent, and also the adequacy requirement. Interestingly, the study also shows that South Africa, Kenya and Nigeria also adopt data localisation measures, although at different levels of strictness. South Africa’s data localisation laws are mostly imposed on data that is considered critical – which is then required to be processed within South African borders – while Nigeria requires all data to be processed and stored locally, using local servers. Kenya imposes data localisation measures that are mostly linked to its priority for data privacy. Out of the four focus countries, Senegal is the only country that does not impose any data localisation laws. Although the study shows that all four countries share a position on customs duties on electronic transmissions, it is also interesting to note that none of the four countries currently have domestic regulations or policies on the subject. The report concludes by highlighting that, as the AfCFTA Phase II Negotiations aim to arrive at harmonisation and to improve intra-African trade and international trade, AfCFTA members should reflect on their national policies and domestic regulations to determine where harmonisation is needed, and whether AfCFTA is the right platform for achieving this efficiently.
7
Uchitel, Aleksandr D., Ilona V. Batsurovska, Nataliia A. Dotsenko, Olena A. Gorbenko e Nataliia I. Kim. Implementation of future agricultural engineers' training technology in the informational and educational environment. [б. в.], giugno 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4440.
Abstract (sommario):
The article presents the implementation of future agricultural engineers’ training technology in the informational and educational environment. To train future agricultural engineers, it is advisable to form tutorials for the study of each discipline in the conditions of informational and educational environment. Such tutorials are an assistance in mastering both theoretical material and course navigation, where interactive electronic learning tools are presented to perform tasks in the informational and educational environment. Higher education applicants perform such tasks directly in the classroom with the help of gadgets or personal computers. The final grade is formed from the scores obtained in the classroom and the rating of higher education applicants while studying in the informational and educational environment. The outlined approach is able to help in the quality of learning content. The use of interactive audiovisual online tools allows to get acquainted with the theoretical, practical and experimental provisions clearly, it is important for the training of future agricultural engineers. At the end of the experiment, it can be argued that the developed technology increases the level of motivation and self-incentive to work in the informational and educational environment. The application of the presented technology provides an opportunity to combine the educational process in the classroom with learning in the informational and educational environment, forms analytical abilities and competencies in professional activity. The reliability of the obtained results was checked using the λ Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion. It is determined that when using this technology in the educational process, the indicators in the experimental group increased, which displays the effectiveness of training bachelors in agricultural engineering in the conditions of informational and educational environment.
8
Lazonick, William, Philip Moss e Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, maggio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.
Abstract (sommario):
In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.
9
Paez, Kathryn, Rachel Shapiro, Lee Thompson, Erica Shelton, Lucy Savitz, Sarah Mossburg, Susan Baseman e Amy Lin. Health System Panel To Inform and Encourage Use of Evidence Reports: Findings From the Implementation and Evaluation of Two Evidence-Based Tools. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), agosto 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepchealthsystempanel.
Abstract (sommario):
Objectives. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) Program wants learning health systems (LHSs) to use the evidence from its reports to improve patient care. In 2018, to improve uptake of EPC Program findings, the EPC Program developed a project to enhance LHSs’ adoption of evidence to improve the quality and effectiveness of patient care. AHRQ contracted with the American Institutes for Research (AIR) and its partners to convene a panel of senior leaders from 11 LHSs to guide the development of tools to help health systems use findings from EPC evidence reports. The panel’s contributions led to developing, implementing, and evaluating two electronic tools to make the EPC report findings more accessible. AIR evaluated the LHSs’ use of the tools to understand (1) LHSs’ experiences with and impressions of the tools, (2) how well the tools helped them access evidence, and (3) how well the tools addressed barriers to LHS use of the EPC reports and barriers to applying the evidence from the reports. Data sources. (1) Implementation meetings with 6 LHSs; (2) interviews with 27 health system leaders and clinical staff who used the tools; and (3) website utilization metrics. Results. The tools were efficient and useful sources of summarized evidence to (1) inform systems change, (2) educate trainees and clinicians, (3) inform research, and (4) support shared decision making with patients and families. Clinical leaders appreciated the thoroughness and quality of the evidence reviews and view AHRQ as a trusted source of information. Participants found both tools to be valuable and complementary. Participants suggested optimizing the content for mobile device use to facilitate health system uptake of the tools. In addition, they felt it would be helpful to have training resources about tool navigation and interpreting the statistical content in the tools. Conclusions. The evaluation shows that LHSs find the tools to be useful resources for making the EPC Program reports more accessible to health system leaders. The tools have the potential to meet some, but not all, LHS evidence needs, while exposing health system leaders to AHRQ as a resource to help meet their information needs. The ability of the EPC reports to support LHSs in improving the quality of care is limited by the strength and robustness of the evidence, as well as the relevance of the report topics to patient care challenges faced by LHSs.
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Iyer, Ananth V., Samuel Labi, Steven R. Dunlop, Dutt J. Thakkar, Sayak Mishra, Lavanya Krishna Kumar, Runjia Du, Miheeth Gala, Apoorva Banerjee e Gokul Siddharthan. Heavy Fleet and Facilities Optimization. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317365.
Abstract (sommario):
The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) is responsible for timely clearance of snow on state-maintained highways in Indiana as part of its wintertime operations. For this and other maintenance purposes, the state’s subdistricts maintain 101 administrative units spread throughout the state. These units are staffed by personnel, including snow truck drivers and house snow removal trucks and other equipment. INDOT indicated a need to carry out value engineering analysis of the replacement timing of the truck fleet. To address these questions, this study carried out analysis to ascertain the appropriate truck replacement age, that is different across each of the state's three weather-based regions to minimize the truck life cycle cost. INDOT also indicated a need for research guidance in possible revisions to the administrative unit locations and optimal routes to be taken by trucks in each unit in order to reduce deadhead miles. For purposes of optimizing the truck snow routes, the study developed two alternative algorithmic approaches. The first uses mathematical programming to select work packets for trucks while ensuring that snow is cleared at all snow routes and allowing the users to identify optimal route and unit location. The second approach uses network routing concepts, such as the rural postman problem, and allows the user to change the analysis inputs, such as the number of available drivers and so on. The first approach developed using opensolver (an open source tool with excel) and the second approach coded as an electronic tool, are submitted as part of this report. Both approaches can be used by INDOT’s administrative unit managers for decision support regarding the deployment of resources for snow clearing operations and to minimize the associated costs.