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Carr, C. J. "Electronic Surveillance of the Pharmacology-Toxicology Literature". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 21, n. 2 (aprile 1995): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rtph.1995.1028.
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NELLIS, MIKE. "SURVEILLANCE, REHABILITATION, AND ELECTRONIC MONITORING: GETTING THE ISSUES CLEAR". Criminology Public Policy 5, n. 1 (febbraio 2006): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2006.00104.x.
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Aliabadi, Ali, Abbas Sheikhtaheri e Hossein Ansari. "Electronic health record–based disease surveillance systems: A systematic literature review on challenges and solutions". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 27, n. 12 (14 settembre 2020): 1977–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa186.
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Abstract Objective Disease surveillance systems are expanding using electronic health records (EHRs). However, there are many challenges in this regard. In the present study, the solutions and challenges of implementing EHR-based disease surveillance systems (EHR-DS) have been reviewed. Materials and Methods We searched the related keywords in ProQuest, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus. Then, we assessed and selected articles using the inclusion and exclusion criteria and, finally, classified the identified solutions and challenges. Results Finally, 50 studies were included, and 52 unique solutions and 47 challenges were organized into 6 main themes (policy and regulatory, technical, management, standardization, financial, and data quality). The results indicate that due to the multifaceted nature of the challenges, the implementation of EHR-DS is not low cost and easy to implement and requires a variety of interventions. On the one hand, the most common challenges include the need to invest significant time and resources; the poor data quality in EHRs; difficulty in analyzing, cleaning, and accessing unstructured data; data privacy and security; and the lack of interoperability standards. On the other hand, the most common solutions are the use of natural language processing and machine learning algorithms for unstructured data; the use of appropriate technical solutions for data retrieval, extraction, identification, and visualization; the collaboration of health and clinical departments to access data; standardizing EHR content for public health; and using a unique health identifier for individuals. Conclusions EHR systems have an important role in modernizing disease surveillance systems. However, there are many problems and challenges facing the development and implementation of EHR-DS that need to be appropriately addressed.
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Cosmides, G. J. "Electronic Surveillance of the Pharmacology-Toxicology Literature: The Need for Controlled Vocabularies and Registry Systems". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 21, n. 2 (aprile 1995): 208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rtph.1995.1029.
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Boulanger, Virginie, Étienne Poirier, Anne MacLaurin e Caroline Quach. "Divergences between healthcare-associated infection administrative data and active surveillance data in Canada". Canada Communicable Disease Report 48, n. 1 (26 gennaio 2022): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v48i01a02.
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Background: Although Canada has both a national active surveillance system and administrative data for the passive surveillance of healthcare-associated infections (HAI), both have identified strengths and weaknesses in their data collection and reporting. Active and passive surveillance work independently, resulting in results that diverge at times. To understand the divergences between administrative health data and active surveillance data, a scoping review was performed. Method: Medline, Embase and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature along with grey literature were searched for studies in English and French that evaluated the use of administrative data, alone or in comparison with traditional surveillance, in Canada between 1995 and November 2, 2020. After extracting relevant information from selected articles, a descriptive summary of findings was provided with suggestions for the improvement of surveillance systems to optimize the overall data quality. Results: Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria, including twelve observational studies and four systematic reviews. Studies showed that using a single source of administrative data was not accurate for HAI surveillance when compared with traditional active surveillance; however, combining different sources of data or combining administrative with active surveillance data improved accuracy. Electronic surveillance systems can also enhance surveillance by improving the ability to detect potential HAIs. Conclusion: Although active surveillance of HAIs produced the most accurate results and remains the gold-standard, the integration between active and passive surveillance data can be optimized. Administrative data can be used to enhance traditional active surveillance. Future studies are needed to evaluate the feasibility and benefits of potential solutions presented for the use of administrative data for HAI surveillance and reporting in Canada.
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Carpenter, Christine. "Privacy and Proportionality: Examining Mass Electronic Surveillance under Article 8 and the Fourth Amendment". International and Comparative Law Review 20, n. 1 (1 giugno 2020): 27–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/iclr-2020-0002.
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Summary An individual citizen’s right to privacy has found extensive protection in the modern democratic state. However, with the increase of technological innovation and new kinds of threats, democratic states must grapple with balancing a problem that can never be wholly solved—governments seeking to create the optimal degree of security inevitably conflicts with citizens’ optimal degree of privacy. This article examines one vehicle through which governments have prioritized national security at the expense of individual privacy: mass electronic surveillance. Employing the case study method, this article compares three cases where mass electronic surveillance measures were challenged before the European Court of Human Rights under Article 8 against four cases where such measures were challenged in the U.S. judicial system under the Fourth Amendment. This article seeks to determine how the treatment of privacy infringements created by mass electronic surveillance differs when examined in these two different privacy regimes. I argue the Strasbourg Court’s use of what is known in the literature as the “proportionality analysis” provoked by Article 8(2) allows for more substantial protections of privacy rights in Europe than under the Fourth Amendment in the U.S..
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Nishnianidze, Anri. "Surveillance in the Digital Age". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 20, n. 37 (20 febbraio 2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p1.
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Purpose: As technology advances, electronic devices have become ubiquitous among individuals of all backgrounds. From mobile phones to computing devices, people rely on these tools on a daily basis for both personal and professional purposes. The presented research seeks to investigate the extent to which individuals are being monitored in the digital realm and identify solutions to safeguard citizens from the threat of mass surveillance.
Findings: In the modern era, it is common for people to utilize various devices for a multitude of purposes, such as search engines and social networks. However, many are unaware that the information they share online is not always erased from cyberspace. This study aims to shed light on how this data is obtained and utilized and the potential risks humanity faces if privacy is not safeguarded in the digital age.
Research limitations/implications: The objective of this research is to thoroughly examine the current scientific literature, studies, and articles regarding the perils of surveillance in the digital era. The paper aims to highlight the challenges associated with combating surveillance. In the concluding section of the analysis, a concise set of recommendations will be provided, which are crucial to uphold in order to safeguard individuals' constitutional rights in the face of the potential ramifications of streamlined surveillance.
Originality/value: In today's digital age, it has become almost universal for people to communicate through electronic devices in cyberspace, whether for work or personal purposes. Unfortunately, this environment is often not secure, and automated surveillance models can be used to acquire people's data without their knowledge or consent. This raises serious concerns about privacy and the protection of fundamental human rights. That is why it is essential to conduct research that sheds light on the means of surveillance and explores ways to fight against it.
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Rose, G. W., V. R. Roth, K. N. Suh, M. Taljaard, C. Van Walraven e A. J. Forster. "USE OF AN ELECTRONIC DATA WAREHOUSE TO ENHANCE CARDIAC SURGICAL SITE SURVEILLANCE AT A LARGE CANADIAN CENTRE". Clinical & Investigative Medicine 31, n. 4 (1 agosto 2008): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v31i4.4824.
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Background/Purpose: Surgical site infection surveillance to determineincidence is a key infection control activity. Case detection is labour-intensive, therefore most infection control programs use manual or simple electronic mechanisms to “trigger” chart review. However, such “trigger” mechanisms are also labour-intensive, and often of poor specificity. Our objective is to develop a complex trigger mechanism using data from an electronic data warehouse, to improve specificity of surveillance of surgical site infection compared to current trigger mechanisms. Methods: We will derive an electronic trigger tool for cardiac surgical site infection surveillance using a nested case-control design, among a cohort of all patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, cardiac valve repairor replacement, or heart transplant at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute, from July 1 2004 to June 30 2007. We will perform a systematic literature review to identify potential trigger factors to include in the model, then construct the trigger tool by backwards stepwise logistic regression. The best-fit model will be used to calculate the probability of surgical site infection. We will select the threshold probability to use in surveillance by visual inspection of receiver-operator-characteristic curves. The accuracy of this electronic trigger mechanism will be compared to pre-existing manual and simple electronic mechanisms using relative true positive ratios and relative false positive ratios. Results/Conclusions: We have selected 200 cases of surgical site infection and 541 controls from among 3744 procedures performed during the study period. As of the date ofthis abstract we are still undertaking the systematic review.
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Back, Luani, Joao Luiz Kovaleski e Pedro Paulo Andrade Junior. "Technological Surveillance As A Tool For Information Management: A Literature Review". IEEE Latin America Transactions 13, n. 10 (ottobre 2015): 3505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2015.7387261.
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Vermeer, Yvette, Paul Higgs e Georgina Charlesworth. "What do we require from surveillance technology? A review of the needs of people with dementia and informal caregivers". Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering 6 (gennaio 2019): 205566831986951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055668319869517.
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Introduction Dementia has become a major global concern and surveillance technology might provide support for informal caregivers and people with dementia. However, the needs of caregivers and people with dementia for surveillance technology have not been reviewed. Method A scoping literature review was used to identify the needs of caregivers and/or people with dementia towards surveillance technology. Electronic database searching was undertaken on LexisNexis, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing, Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Assistive Technology database, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies were synthesized by theme. Results Twenty-eight eligible studies were identified, with the majority reporting the needs of caregivers rather than people with dementia. The predominant themes for caregivers were location accuracy, and increasing the safety of the person with dementia. People with dementia wanted simple useful technology that fits within their capacity and existing routines. Conclusions The needs of people with dementia must be considered when designing surveillance products. Studies have mostly focused on caregivers and discount ST product requirements. Further work is required to establish effective use of surveillance technology in dementia care. Therefore, further research should cross analyze these results by examining both the needs of caregivers, and people with dementia.
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PADGETT, KATHY G., WILLIAM D. BALES e THOMAS G. BLOMBERG. "UNDER SURVEILLANCE: AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF THE EFFECTIVENESS AND CONSEQUENCES OF ELECTRONIC MONITORING". Criminology Public Policy 5, n. 1 (febbraio 2006): 61–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2006.00102.x.
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Bhatia, Monish. "Racial surveillance and the mental health impacts of electronic monitoring on migrants". Race & Class 62, n. 3 (gennaio 2021): 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396820963485.
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Since the late 1990s, the government has used outsourced electronic monitoring (also known as tagging) in England and Wales for criminal sentencing and punishment. Under the Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants) Act 2004, s36, the use of this technology extended to immigration controls, and individuals deemed as ‘high risk’ of harm, reoffending or absconding can be fitted with an ankle device and subjected to curfew. The tagging of migrants is not authorised by the criminal court and therefore not considered a punitive sanction. It is managed by the immigration system and treated as an administrative matter. Nevertheless, people who are tagged experience it as imprisonment and punishment. Drawing on data from an eighteen-month ethnographic research project, this article examines the impact of electronic monitoring on people seeking asylum, who completed their sentences for immigration offences. It uncovers the psychological effects and mental health impacts of such technologies of control. The article sheds light on how tagging is experienced by racialised minorities, and adds to the literature on migration, surveillance studies, state racism and violence.
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Oberin, Madalene, Skye Badger, Céline Faverjon, Angus Cameron e Melanie Bannister-Tyrrell. "Electronic information systems for One Health surveillance of antimicrobial resistance: a systematic scoping review". BMJ Global Health 7, n. 1 (gennaio 2022): e007388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007388.
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IntroductionElectronic information systems (EIS) that implement a ‘One Health’ approach by integrating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data across the human, animal and environmental health sectors, have been identified as a global priority. However, evidence on the availability, technical capacities and effectiveness of such EIS is scarce.MethodsThrough a qualitative synthesis of evidence, this systematic scoping review aims to: identify EIS for AMR surveillance that operate across human, animal and environmental health sectors; describe their technical characteristics and capabilities; and assess whether there is evidence for the effectiveness of the various EIS for AMR surveillance. Studies and reports between 1 January 2000 and 21 July 2021 from peer-reviewed and grey literature in the English language were included.Results26 studies and reports were included in the final review, of which 27 EIS were described. None of the EIS integrated AMR data in a One Health approach across all three sectors. While there was a lack of evidence of thorough evaluations of the effectiveness of the identified EIS, several surveillance system effectiveness indicators were reported for most EIS. Standardised reporting of the effectiveness of EIS is recommended for future publications. The capabilities of the EIS varied in their technical design features, in terms of usability, data display tools and desired outputs. EIS that included interactive features, and geospatial maps are increasingly relevant for future trends in AMR data analytics.ConclusionNo EIS for AMR surveillance was identified that was designed to integrate a broad range of AMR data from humans, animals and the environment, representing a major gap in global efforts to implement One Health approaches to address AMR.
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Bush, Sarah Sunn, e Lauren Prather. "Do electronic devices in face-to-face interviews change survey behavior? Evidence from a developing country". Research & Politics 6, n. 2 (aprile 2019): 205316801984464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053168019844645.
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A large literature shows that survey mode and survey technologies significantly affect item non-response and response distributions. Yet as researchers increasingly conduct surveys in the developing world, little attention has been devoted to understanding how new technologies—such as the use of electronic devices in face-to-face interviews—produce bias there. We hypothesize that using electronic devices instead of pen and paper can affect survey behavior via two pathways: a wealth effect and a surveillance effect. To test the hypotheses, we use data from a two-wave panel survey fielded in Tunisia. We investigate whether responses collected in Wave 1 with pen and paper changed when some individuals were interviewed in Wave 2 by interviewers using tablet computers. Consistent with the wealth effect hypothesis, more than half of the lowest income respondents reported a higher income in the second wave when interviewers used tablets. Conversely, we find little evidence that concerns about surveillance changed survey behavior.
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Abrantes de Oliveira, Fernanda, Ingrid Emanuelly Nogueira Ramalho, Marla Rodrigues Sarmento, Letícia Gabriel Furtado de Abrantes e Danielle Rocha Silva. "The role of health surveillance in the face of self-medication in the context of Covid-19: A literature reviewha". REVISTA INTERDISCIPLINAR E DO MEIO AMBIENTE (RIMA) 6, n. 1 (11 aprile 2024): e251. http://dx.doi.org/10.52664/rima.v6.n1.2024.e251.
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The politicization of the disease led to misinformation and the use of unproven treatments, such as the “COVID Kit”. The National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) took important measures, including management and planning, health risk control, regulation, monitoring of suspected and confirmed cases, as well as information, communication and health education. Therefore, the general objective of this research is to demonstrate how the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) acted in the face of self-medication in the context of COVID-19. To this end, a literature review was carried out over the last five years on self-medication, pandemics, health surveillance, using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Manuals from the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization Inclusion criteria were adopted, such as articles published in Portuguese or English, primary studies and literature reviews, while studies that did not meet the general objective of the work and publications prior to 2019 were excluded. Regarding the results, ANVISA played an important role in the control and regulation of medicines during the pandemic, classifying chloroquine as a special control medicine and carrying out more than 30 thousand inspections to ensure compliance with clinical protocols to combat the disease. Finally, the pandemic brought challenges for health surveillance professionals, in order to contain the spread of the coronavirus, especially regarding the inappropriate use of medicines and other products subject to health assessment.
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Rebinsky, Reid, Laura N. Anderson e Jason D. Morgenstern. "Identifying non-traditional electronic datasets for population-level surveillance and prevention of cardiometabolic diseases: a scoping review protocol". BMJ Open 11, n. 8 (agosto 2021): e053485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053485.
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IntroductionCardiometabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, obesity and diabetes, are leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Modern advances in population-level disease surveillance are necessary and may inform novel opportunities for precision public health approaches to disease prevention. Electronic data sources, such as social media and consumer rewards points systems, have expanded dramatically in recent decades. These non-traditional datasets may enhance traditional clinical and public health datasets and inform cardiometabolic disease surveillance and population health interventions. However, the scope of non-traditional electronic datasets and their use for cardiometabolic disease surveillance and population health interventions has not been previously reviewed. The primary objective of this review is to describe the scope of non-traditional electronic datasets, and how they are being used for cardiometabolic disease surveillance and to inform interventions. The secondary objective is to describe the methods, such as machine learning and natural language processing, that have been applied to leverage these datasets.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a scoping review following recommended methodology. Search terms will be based on the three central concepts of non-traditional electronic datasets, cardiometabolic diseases and population health. We will search EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library peer-reviewed databases and will also conduct a grey literature search. Articles published from 2000 to present will be independently screened by two reviewers for inclusion at abstract and full-text stages, and conflicts will be resolved by a separate reviewer. We will report this data as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics approval is required for this protocol and scoping review, as data will be used only from published studies with appropriate ethics approval. Results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed publication.
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Teixeira, Eduardo, Beatriz Araujo, Victor Costa, Samuel Mafra e Felipe Figueiredo. "Literature Review on Ship Localization, Classification, and Detection Methods Based on Optical Sensors and Neural Networks". Sensors 22, n. 18 (12 settembre 2022): 6879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186879.
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Object detection is a common application within the computer vision area. Its tasks include the classic challenges of object localization and classification. As a consequence, object detection is a challenging task. Furthermore, this technique is crucial for maritime applications since situational awareness can bring various benefits to surveillance systems. The literature presents various models to improve automatic target recognition and tracking capabilities that can be applied to and leverage maritime surveillance systems. Therefore, this paper reviews the available models focused on localization, classification, and detection. Moreover, it analyzes several works that apply the discussed models to the maritime surveillance scenario. Finally, it highlights the main opportunities and challenges, encouraging new research in this area.
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Russo, P. L., R. Z. Shaban, D. Macbeth, A. Carter e B. G. Mitchell. "Impact of electronic healthcare-associated infection surveillance software on infection prevention resources: a systematic review of the literature". Journal of Hospital Infection 99, n. 1 (maggio 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2017.09.002.
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Birnbaum, David. "Computers in Hospital Epidemiology Practice". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 9, n. 2 (febbraio 1988): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/645790.
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Beyond a potential role in infection surveillance, computers offer epidemiologists several important and unique potentials. Epidemiologists deal with complex interrelationships when interpreting or contributing information in the biomedical literature. Annals of Internal Medicine recently published a series dealing with the general problem of information management. The commentary that follows examines one area in which computers can be applied to our advantage-electronic exchange of information-and presents a practical example of using database searches.
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Williams, F., A. Oke e I. Zachary. "Public health delivery in the information age: the role of informatics and technology". Perspectives in Public Health 139, n. 5 (13 febbraio 2019): 236–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757913918802308.
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Aim: Public health systems have embraced health informatics and information technology as a potential transformational tool to improve real-time surveillance systems, communication, and sharing of information among various agencies. Global pandemic outbreaks like Zika and Ebola were quickly controlled due to electronic surveillance systems enabling efficient information access and exchange. However, there is the need for a more robust technology to enhance adequate epidemic forecasting, data sharing, and effective communication. The purpose of this review was to examine the use of informatics and information technology tools and its impact on public health delivery. Method: Investigators searched six electronic databases. These were MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Complete, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, COMPENDEX, Scopus, and Academic Search Premier from January 2000 to 31 March 2016. Results: A total of 60 articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. These studies were organized into three areas as (1) definition of the term public health informatics; (2) type of public health surveillance systems and implications for public health; and (3) electronic surveillance systems functionality, capability, training, and challenges. Our analysis revealed that due to the growing expectations to provide real-time response and population-centered evidence-based public health in this information-driven age there has been a surge in informatics and information technology adoption. Education and training programs are now available to equip public health students and professionals with skills in public health informatics. However, obstacles including interoperability, data standardization, privacy, and technology transfer persist. Conclusion: Re-engineering the delivery of public health is necessary to meet the demands of the 21st century and beyond. To meet this expectation, public health must invest in workforce development and capacity through education and training in informatics.
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Way, J., P. Cistulli e Y. Bin. "P156 Global sleep health surveillance of adults: A scoping review". SLEEP Advances 2, Supplement_1 (1 ottobre 2021): A72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab014.196.
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Abstract Introduction The monitoring of sleep health is an emerging but globally under-recognised public health opportunity to help address poor health and social outcomes in the general population. This scoping review aims to identify the existing national surveillance systems monitoring sleep health and to describe the sleep indicators used in the questionnaires. Methods We systematically searched the grey and peer-reviewed literature for cross-sectional national health surveys that included measurement of the sleep of adults aged 18+. Countries screened were the 194 Member States of the World Health Organization (WHO). Searches included 1) targeted searches of the websites of national and international health agencies and statistics departments, 2) customised internet search, and 3) search of electronic databases (PubMed and EMBASE). Progress to date Searches of targeted websites and the internet have been completed. Preliminary analysis shows that 49 (25%) countries have national surveys that include at least one sleep health-related question. Breakdown by the WHO defined regions reveal the European Region (45%) with the highest sleep health surveillance and the African Region (6%) with the lowest. An electronic database search is currently being conducted. Intended outcome and impact This scoping review will provide an overview of the current status of global sleep health surveillance including how sleep is measured in population health surveys. The results will raise awareness about the need to monitor sleep at a national level to improve health and social outcomes.
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Lippert, Randy, e Kevin Walby. "Municipal Corporate Security and the Intensification of Urban Surveillance". Surveillance & Society 9, n. 3 (27 marzo 2012): 310–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v9i3.4285.
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This article explores the surveillance work of municipal corporate security (MCS) units in Canadian cities. Drawing on analysis of freedom of information requests, we document the introduction of new and modified surveillance technologies through MCS. These units engage in surveillance of City employees and citizens on municipal lands and in municipal buildings. Although some technologies deployed by MCS (such as electronic access cards and badges) appear mundane, we demonstrate how MCS units are repurposing, enhancing, and recombining these technologies with existing forms in ways that have been described as the intensification of surveillance. While recent attention in the surveillance studies and urban studies literatures has been rightfully placed on private auspices and provision of externally directed urban surveillance, our analysis of MCS activities suggests that scholars should continue to focus on public auspices and provision of security and internally directed surveillance too. What defines the intensification of urban surveillance therefore may be less a privatized and technologically advanced character and more a resolute comfort with a constantly mutating amalgam of public/private, human/technological, and external/internal forms and foci.
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Sarles, Samantha Emma, Edward C. Hensel e Risa J. Robinson. "Surveillance of U.S. Corporate Filings Provides a Proactive Approach to Inform Tobacco Regulatory Research Strategy". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 6 (16 marzo 2021): 3067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063067.
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The popularity of electronic cigarettes in the United States and around the world has led to a startling rise in youth nicotine use. The Juul® e-cigarette was introduced in the U.S. market in 2015 and had captured approximately 13% of the U.S. market by 2017. Unlike many other contemporary electronic cigarette companies, the founders behind the Juul® e-cigarette approached their product launch like a traditional high-tech start-up company, not like a tobacco company. This article presents a case study of Juul’s corporate and product development history in the context of US regulatory actions. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the value of government-curated archives as leading indicators which can (a) provide insight into emergent technologies and (b) inform emergent regulatory science research questions. A variety of sources were used to gather data about the Juul® e-cigarette and the corporations that surround it. Sources included government agencies, published academic literature, non-profit organizations, corporate and retail websites, and the popular press. Data were disambiguated, authenticated, and categorized prior to being placed on a timeline of events. A timeline of four significant milestones, nineteen corporate filings and events, twelve US regulatory actions, sixty-four patent applications, eighty-seven trademark applications, twenty-three design patents and thirty-two utility patents related to Juul Labs and its associates is presented, spanning the years 2004 through 2020. This work demonstrates the probative value of findings from patent, trademark, and SEC filing literature in establishing a premise for emergent regulatory science research questions which may not yet be supported by traditional archival research literature. The methods presented here can be used to identify key aspects of emerging technologies before products actually enter the market; this shifting policy formulation and problem identification from a paradigm of being reactive in favor of becoming proactive. Such a proactive approach may permit anticipatory regulatory science research and ultimately shorten the elapsed time between market technology innovation and regulatory response.
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Russo, Philip L., Ramon Z. Shaban, Deborough MacBeth, Abigail Carter e Brett G. Mitchell. "The impact of electronic surveillance systems for healthcare associated infections on infection prevention resources: A systematic review of the literature". Infection, Disease & Health 22 (novembre 2017): S17—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idh.2017.09.072.
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Gamache, Roland, Hadi Kharrazi e Jonathan Weiner. "Public and Population Health Informatics: The Bridging of Big Data to Benefit Communities". Yearbook of Medical Informatics 27, n. 01 (agosto 2018): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1667081.
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Objective: To summarize the recent public and population health informatics literature with a focus on the synergistic “bridging” of electronic data to benefit communities and other populations. Methods: The review was primarily driven by a search of the literature from July 1, 2016 to September 30, 2017. The search included articles indexed in PubMed using subject headings with (MeSH) keywords “public health informatics” and “social determinants of health”. The “social determinants of health” search was refined to include articles that contained the keywords “public health”, “population health” or “surveillance”. Results: Several categories were observed in the review focusing on public health's socio-technical infrastructure: evaluation of surveillance practices, surveillance methods, interoperable health information infrastructure, mobile health, social media, and population health. Common trends discussing socio-technical infrastructure included big data platforms, social determinants of health, geographical information systems, novel data sources, and new visualization techniques. A common thread connected these categories of workforce, governance, and sustainability: using clinical resources and data to bridge public and population health. Conclusions: Both medical care providers and public health agencies are increasingly using informatics and big data tools to create and share digital information. The intent of this “bridging” is to proactively identify, monitor, and improve a range of medical, environmental, and social factors relevant to the health of communities. These efforts show a significant growth in a range of population health-centric information exchange and analytics activities.
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Knuth, Alan G., e Pedro C. Hallal. "Temporal Trends in Physical Activity: A Systematic Review". Journal of Physical Activity and Health 6, n. 5 (settembre 2009): 548–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.6.5.548.
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Background:In spite of all accumulated scientific knowledge on the benefits of physical activity (PA) for health, high rates of sedentary lifestyle are still observed worldwide. The aim of this study was to systematically review articles on temporal trends of PA and fitness, with emphasis on differences between children/adolescents and adults.Methods:An electronic search at the Medline/PubMed database was carried out using the following combination of keywords: temporal trends or trends or surveillance or monitoring and PA or exercise or physical fitness or motor activity or sedentary or fitness.Results:By using this strategy, 23,088 manuscripts were detected. After examination, 41 articles fulfilled all inclusion criteria, and were, therefore, included. The data currently available in the literature for adults shows that leisure-time activity levels tend to be increasing over time, while occupational-related PA is decreasing over time. Youth PA seems to be decreasing over time, including a lower level of activity in physical education classes. As a consequence, fitness levels are also declining.Conclusion:PA surveillance must be strongly encouraged in all settings and age groups. Special attention must be paid to low and middle-income countries, where PA surveillance is virtually inexistent.
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Zhang, Naixin, Lila Marshall, Sarah Thappa, Alexandra Morell, Alexandra Samborski, Richard Moore e MaryAnn Wilbur. "Patient Surveillance Adherence After Treatment for Endometrial Cancer". O&G Open 1, n. 2 (30 maggio 2024): 010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/og9.0000000000000010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BACKGROUND: To assess factors that may affect patients' adherence to recommended surveillance after treatment for endometrial cancer. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of all patients undergoing primary treatment for endometrial cancer from January 1, 2010, to December 30, 2017, at a tertiary referral center. Patients were included for analysis if there was sufficient information in the electronic medical records. Patient demographic information, cancer characteristics, and surveillance adherence data were collected. The median inflation-adjusted income was calculated from the patients' ZIP codes and U.S. Census data. The primary outcome assessed was adherence to surveillance, defined as two or more visits per 12 months in individuals at low risk and four or more visits per 12 months in individuals at high risk, consistent with recommended guidelines. RESULTS: During the study period, 870 patients were included for analysis. The mean age at diagnosis and body mass index (BMI) of the entire cohort were 63.4 years and 35.8, respectively. Overall, 761 patients (87.5%) were adherent to the recommended surveillance guidelines. Patients who were not adherent to recommended surveillance lived significantly farther from the cancer center (39.2 miles vs 20.7 miles, P=.026) and had a significantly lower median inflation-adjusted income ($74,015 vs $80,435, P=.027). CONCLUSION: Increased distance to a tertiary care center and lower median income were significantly associated with decreased adherence to recommended surveillance guidelines. This is consistent with current literature on increased distance traveled as a proxy for worse survival in gynecologic malignancies, as well as worse endometrial cancer outcomes in patients of lower socioeconomic status. This highlights an area of disparity that needs improvement and warrants further investigation.
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Barker, Christopher M. "Models and Surveillance Systems to Detect and Predict West Nile Virus Outbreaks". Journal of Medical Entomology 56, n. 6 (24 settembre 2019): 1508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz150.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Over the past 20 yr, many models have been developed to predict risk for West Nile virus (WNV; Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) disease in the human population. These models have aided our understanding of the meteorological and land-use variables that drive spatial and temporal patterns of human disease risk. During the same period, electronic data systems have been adopted by surveillance programs across much of the United States, including a growing interest in integrated data services that preserve the autonomy and attribution of credit to originating agencies but facilitate data sharing, analysis, and visualization at local, state, and national scales. At present, nearly all predictive models have been limited to the scientific literature, with few having been implemented for use by public-health and vector-control decision makers. The current article considers the development of models for spatial patterns, early warning, and early detection of WNV over the last 20 yr and considers some possible paths toward increasing the utility of these models for guiding interventions.
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Indiparambil, Jijo James. "WORK (CYBER) BULLYİNG, POWER IMBALANCES AND VİCTİMİZATİON: A REVİEW ON PANOPTİC METAPHOR AND EMPLOYEE SURVEİLLANCE İN INDİAN WORKPLACES". IEDSR Association 6, n. 14 (26 luglio 2021): 140–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.276.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The dominant interpretation of electronic surveillance in the workplace focusing mainly on the invasion of privacy does not give sufficient explanation of its various and nuanced underpinnings and other adverse effects. Likewise, harassment or bullying in the workplace has been at the forefront of major concerns of organizations and employees for several decades and is currently more prevalent and opaque. Combining these two factors and through a methodical revisit of the metaphor of the Panopticon, this paper aims to examine its relevance for the analysis of modern electronic surveillance used in the workplace, and sparks discussion around the issue of workplace bullying and the consequent control mechanism, power imbalances and victimization, with a special focus and application on Indian scenario. This research exposes the unfair and unjustifiable victimization of workplace bullying by going beyond Foucault’s concept of “disciplinary society,” according to which persons are “normalized” by their categorical locations, as well as beyond Deleuze’s argument of “society of control,” where people are forced to live in circumscribed parameters. It is an exploratory research that follows an analytic research methodology of theoretical analysis (literature reviews) and critical discourse analysis. Persistent victimization is relayed as a co-existent phenomenon of workplace bullying.
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Dickey, Sabrina L., e Ciara J. Grayson. "The Quality of Life among Men Receiving Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer: An Integrative Review". Healthcare 7, n. 1 (22 gennaio 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7010014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Prostate cancer is very common among men in the United States. The current literature on active surveillance (AS) suggests that it is a promising treatment option for men with low-risk prostate cancer. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a thorough integrative review regarding the effects of AS on the quality of life (QoL) of men with prostate cancer. Utilizing a methodological strategy, electronic databases were reviewed for empirical articles during the time frame of January 2006 to December 2016. A total of 37 articles met the inclusion criteria wherein 20 focused on the QoL among men only receiving AS and 16 reported QoL among men undergoing AS and other forms of treatment for prostate cancer. The review highlights the purpose, common instruments, race and ethnicity, and strengths and limitations of each article. The majority of articles indicated low levels of anxiety and depression and decreased incidences of bladder, bowel and sexual functioning among men undergoing AS in comparison to men who received other treatment modalities. The results indicated that additional research is needed to determine the QoL among men receiving AS on a longitudinal basis. The results support previous literature that indicated the positive impact of AS on low-risk prostate cancer.
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Frampton, Jessica R., e Jesse Fox. "Monitoring, Creeping, or Surveillance? A Synthesis of Online Social Information Seeking Concepts". Review of Communication Research 9 (2021): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12840/issn.2255-4165.025.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Affordances of Internet sites and Internet-based applications make personal information about romantic partners, friends, family members, and strangers easy to obtain. People use various techniques to find information about others, capitalizing on online affordances by using search engines to find relevant websites and databases; scouring the target’s social media or social networking site presence; accessing information about the target via their links or network association with others on social media; or asking questions or crowdsourcing information through online channels. Researchers have coined an assortment of terms to describe online social information seeking behaviors, such as interpersonal electronic surveillance, social surveillance, monitoring, patient-targeted Googling, cybervetting, websleuthing, human flesh search, lateral surveillance, Facebook surveillance, and Facebook stalking. Although considerable research has examined these behaviors, there has been little effort to clarify the concepts themselves. As a result, the literature is currently full of inconsistent and overlapping conceptualizations. To synthesize these concepts for future research, this review examines 73 online social information seeking concepts extracted from 186 articles. Specifically, the concepts are reviewed in light of their scope; the information seeker or target of information seeking (e.g., romantic partners, parents, children, employees, criminals); motives for information seeking (e.g., uncertainty, threat, curiosity); and the intensity of the behavior. Recommendations are provided for future research, such as employing clear conceptualizations and incorporating affordances. Finally, we offer a decision tree that researchers can use to help select appropriate terms to use in their work moving forward.
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Noskov, A. K., E. V. Kovalev, G. V. Karpushchenko, O. S. Chemisova, O. F. Kretenchuk, M. V. Poleeva, O. A. Noskovа, Е. I. Glushchenko, T. I. Tverdokhlebova e A. R. Kvasov. "The Rostov-on-Don Anti-Plague Institute and it’s 90 years of scientific and practical cooperations". Medical Herald of the South of Russia 15, n. 2 (15 giugno 2024): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21886/2219-8075-2024-15-2-135-141.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective: to form a brief overview of data on the interactions of the Rostov-on-Don Anti-plague Research Institute with the other state institutions ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological population wellbeing.Materials and methods: analysis of archive materials and literature sources from databases and electronic libraries such as E-library, CyberLeninka, etc.Results: We have described the main directions of the interactions of the Rostov-on-Don Anti-plague Research Institute with the institutions of Rospotrebnadzor (Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing) and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, that have been directed on realization of collaborative studies, planning of cooperative publications, organizing and conducting advisory, methodological and practical assistance. Special attention has been paid to the activities that bring together specialists from both research and educational institutions and practical health-care in the Rostov region.Conclusion: Coordinated actions of specialists from the Rostov-on-Don Anti Plague Research Institute with the bodies and organizations of Rospotrebnadzor, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on improvement of epidemiological surveillance, diagnostics and prevention of infectious diseases allow us to carry out effective surveillance of especially dangerous infections and to promote improvement of professional level of profile specialists.
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Gibbs, Anita, e Denise King. "The Electronic Ball and Chain? The Operation and Impact of Home Detention with Electronic Monitoring in New Zealand". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 36, n. 1 (aprile 2003): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.36.1.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In New Zealand, Amendment No. 9 (1999) of the Criminal Justice Act 1985 introduced Home Detention Orders as an early release from prison option, implemented on the 1st October 1999. The orders, with electronic monitoring,were available to convicted offenders who had not committed serious offences and who were sentenced to, or serving, varying lengths of imprisonment.The purpose of the new scheme was to ease the transition of prison inmates back into the community. It was also hoped that home detention would result in a reduction in overall time spent in prison, as well as addressing offending behaviour through the intensive supervision and programs accompanying the home confinement. After reviewing the literature on home detention, and outlining the development and operation of home detention in New Zealand, we will discuss research undertaken by the authors during 2001. The research aimed to ascertain the impact of home detention on offenders, and their families, and to explore the views of other stakeholders, for example, probation officers and prison board members.We interviewed 21 offenders, 21 sponsors, 6 probation officers, 2 security staff and observed over 20 members of district prison boards. Eleven key findings were identified: including factors of suitability, impacts on behaviour and relationships, gender issues and the effectiveness of home detention.We conclude with a brief discussion of the implications of the research: the need to support families and sponsors, ongoing ethical and legal issues, and the acceptance of surveillance as the norm in New Zealand.
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Vijayan, Vishnu, Anirban Mallick e Jahnavi Dande. "Headgear in prevention of sports related concussion- A literature review across various sports". IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences 7, n. 3 (15 settembre 2021): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2021.033.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Sports related concussion (SRC) remains a challenge for sports physicians to identify because of varied presentation and lack of diagnostic tool. Keeping in mind its long term effect various sports bodies introduced different preventive strategies to reduce incidence of SRC. Commercial headgear is currently being used by players of all ages and skill levels in certain sports to protect themselves from heading and direct impact, even though the protective effect on concussion has not been conclusively demonstrated and limited research has been done. Electronic databases and grey literatures were used to search the evidence using Medical Subject Headings sports headgear, concussion, helmet, cricket, soccer, American Football, boxing for the available research studies from 1990 up to April 2020. The wide variety of prospective surveillance as well as lab studies made the case even more confusing as the simulation model may not actually replicate the on field scenario. Moreover the type and component of the headgear need to be subjected based on sports specific demand. Hence this literature review is aimed at available evidences in different sports to find any consensus between use of headgear and prevention of SRC.
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Patrone, Renato, Nunzio Velotti, Stefania Masone, Alessandra Conzo, Luigi Flagiello, Chiara Cacciatore, Marco Filardo et al. "Management of Low-Risk Thyroid Cancers: Is Active Surveillance a Valid Option? A Systematic Review of the Literature". Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, n. 16 (13 agosto 2021): 3569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163569.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, representing 2.9% of all new cancers in the United States. It has an excellent prognosis, with a five-year relative survival rate of 98.3%.Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas (DTCs) are the most diagnosed thyroid tumors and are characterized by a slow growth rate and indolent course. For years, the only approach to treatment was thyroidectomy. Active surveillance (AS) has recently emerged as an alternative approach; it involves regular observation aimed at recognizing the minority of patients who will clinically progress and would likely benefit from rescue surgery. To better clarify the indications for active surveillance for low-risk thyroid cancers, we reviewed the current management of low-risk DTCs with a systematic search performed according to a PRISMA flowchart in electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE) for studies published before May 2021. Fourteen publications were included for final analysis, with a total number of 4830 patients under AS. A total of 451/4830 (9.4%) patients experienced an increase in maximum diameter by >3 mm; 609/4830 (12.6%) patients underwent delayed surgery after AS; metastatic spread to cervical lymph nodes was present in 88/4213 (2.1%) patients; 4/3589 (0.1%) patients had metastatic disease outside of cervical lymph nodes. Finally, no subject had a documented mortality due to thyroid cancer during AS. Currently, the American Thyroid Association guidelines do not support AS as the first-line treatment in patients with PMC; however, they consider AS to be an effective alternative, particularly in patients with high surgical risk or poor life expectancy due to comorbid conditions. Thus, AS could be an alternative to immediate surgery for patients with very-low-risk tumors showing no cytologic evidence of aggressive disease, for high-risk surgical candidates, for those with concurrent comorbidities requiring urgent intervention, and for patients with a relatively short life expectancy.
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Aldayri, Amnah, e Waleed Albattah. "Taxonomy of Anomaly Detection Techniques in Crowd Scenes". Sensors 22, n. 16 (14 agosto 2022): 6080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166080.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With the widespread use of closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance systems in public areas, crowd anomaly detection has become an increasingly critical aspect of the intelligent video surveillance system. It requires workforce and continuous attention to decide on the captured event, which is hard to perform by individuals. The available literature on human action detection includes various approaches to detect abnormal crowd behavior, which is articulated as an outlier detection problem. This paper presents a detailed review of the recent development of anomaly detection methods from the perspectives of computer vision on different available datasets. A new taxonomic organization of existing works in crowd analysis and anomaly detection has been introduced. A summarization of existing reviews and datasets related to anomaly detection has been listed. It covers an overview of different crowd concepts, including mass gathering events analysis and challenges, types of anomalies, and surveillance systems. Additionally, research trends and future work prospects have been analyzed.
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Berrueta, Mabel, Ariel Bardach, Agustin Ciaponni, Xu Xiong, Andy Stergachis, Sabra Zaraa e Pierre Buekens. "Maternal and neonatal data collection systems in low- and middle-income countries: scoping review protocol". Gates Open Research 4 (5 febbraio 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13106.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Pregnant women and neonates represent one of the most vulnerable groups, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A recent analysis reported that most vaccine pharmacovigilance systems in LMICs consist of spontaneous (passive) adverse event reporting. Thus, LMICs need effective active surveillance approaches, such as pregnancy registries. We intend to identify currently active maternal and neonatal data collection systems in LMICs, with the potential to inform active safety electronic surveillance for novel vaccines using standardized definitions. Methods: A scoping review will be conducted based on established methodology. Multiple databases of indexed and grey literature will be searched with a specific focus on existing electronic and paper-electronic systems in LMICs that collect continuous, prospective, and individual-level data from antenatal care, delivery, neonatal care (up to 28 days), and postpartum (up to 42 days) at the facility and community level, at the national and district level, and at large hospitals. Also, experts will be contacted to identify unpublished information on relevant data collection systems. General and specific descriptions of Health Information Systems (HIS) extracted from the different sources will be combined and duplicated HIS will be removed, producing a list of unique statements. We will present a final list of Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health systems considered flexible enough to be updated with necessary improvements to detect, assess and respond to safety concerns during the introduction of vaccines and other maternal health interventions. Selected experts will participate in an in-person consultation meeting to select up to three systems to be further explored in situ. Results and knowledge gaps will be synthesized after expert consultation.
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Umstattd, Lauren A., e C. W. David Chang. "Pediatric Oral Electrical Burns". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 155, n. 1 (5 aprile 2016): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599816640477.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objectives To investigate the epidemiology of emergency department visits for pediatric patients presenting with electrical burns to the mouth. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis of a national database. Setting National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Database. Subjects and Methods The Consumer Product Safety Commission’s National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was used to derive a national weighted estimate of emergency department visits for oral electrical burns and was queried for each patient’s age, sex, race, local of incidence, disposition, and related consumer product. Results There were an estimated 1042 emergency department visits for pediatric oral electrical burns from 1997 to 2012, or an average of approximately 65.1 cases per year. A total of 59.6% of patients were male. Nearly half of emergency department visits involved patients <3 years of age, and more than three-fourths of emergency department visits involved patients <5 years of age. A total of 77.2% of patients were examined, treated, and released from the emergency department, while 19.2% were admitted to the hospital. Most injuries involved electrical outlets or receptacles (10.8%), extension cords (18.5%), and electrical wires (21.5%). Conclusion Earlier incidence estimates of pediatric oral electrical burns varied substantially within the literature and varied from small case reports to single-year studies. Our multiyear data analysis provides evidence of decreasing annual incidence when compared with historical estimates for a common but potentially morbid injury among the pediatric population.
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Finch, Caroline F., e Carolyn Staines. "Guidance for sports injury surveillance: the 20-year influence of the Australian Sports Injury Data Dictionary". Injury Prevention 24, n. 5 (27 dicembre 2017): 372–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042580.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BackgroundInjury prevention requires information about how, why, where and when injuries occur. The Australian Sports Injury Data Dictionary (ASIDD) was developed to guide sports injury data collection and reporting. Sports Medicine Australia (SMA) disseminated associated data collection forms and an online tool to practitioners and the sports community. This paper assesses the long-term value, usefulness and relevance of the ASIDD and SMA tools.MethodsA systematic search strategy identified both peer-reviewed and grey literature that used the ASIDD and/or the SMA tools, during 1997–2016. A text-based search was conducted within 10 electronic databases, as well as a Google Image search for the SMA tools. Documents were categorised according to ASIDD use as: (1) collected injury data; (2) informed data coding; (3) developed an injury data collection tool and/or (4) reference only.ResultsOf the 36 peer-reviewed articles, 83% directly referred to ASIDD and 17% mentioned SMA tools. ASIDD was mainly used for data coding (42%), reference (36%), data collection (17%) or resource development (14%). In contrast, 86% of 66 grey literature sources referenced, used or modified the SMA data collection forms.ConclusionsThe ASIDD boasts a long history of use and relevance. Its ongoing use by practitioners has been facilitated by the ready availability of specific data collection forms by SMA for them to apply to directly their settings. Injury prevention practitioners can be strongly engaged in injury surveillance activities when formal guidance is supported by user-friendly tools directly relevant to their settings and practice.
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Contardo, Paolo, Paolo Sernani, Selene Tomassini, Nicola Falcionelli, Milena Martarelli, Paolo Castellini e Aldo Franco Dragoni. "FRMDB: Face Recognition Using Multiple Points of View". Sensors 23, n. 4 (9 febbraio 2023): 1939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041939.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Although face recognition technology is currently integrated into industrial applications, it has open challenges, such as verification and identification from arbitrary poses. Specifically, there is a lack of research about face recognition in surveillance videos using, as reference images, mugshots taken from multiple Points of View (POVs) in addition to the frontal picture and the right profile traditionally collected by national police forces. To start filling this gap and tackling the scarcity of databases devoted to the study of this problem, we present the Face Recognition from Mugshots Database (FRMDB). It includes 28 mugshots and 5 surveillance videos taken from different angles for 39 distinct subjects. The FRMDB is intended to analyze the impact of using mugshots taken from multiple points of view on face recognition on the frames of the surveillance videos. To validate the FRMDB and provide a first benchmark on it, we ran accuracy tests using two CNNs, namely VGG16 and ResNet50, pre-trained on the VGGFace and VGGFace2 datasets for the extraction of face image features. We compared the results to those obtained from a dataset from the related literature, the Surveillance Cameras Face Database (SCFace). In addition to showing the features of the proposed database, the results highlight that the subset of mugshots composed of the frontal picture and the right profile scores the lowest accuracy result among those tested. Therefore, additional research is suggested to understand the ideal number of mugshots for face recognition on frames from surveillance videos.
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Yip, Y. L. "Unlocking the Potential of Electronic Health Records for Translational Research". Yearbook of Medical Informatics 21, n. 01 (agosto 2012): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1639444.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
SummaryTo review current excellent research and trend in the field of bioinformatics and translational informatics with direct application in the medical domain.Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2012.Six excellent articles were selected in this Yearbook’s section on Bioinformatics and Translational Informatics. They exemplify current key advances in the use of patient information for translational research and health surveillance. First, two proof-of-concept studies demonstrated the cross-institutional and -geographic use of Electronic Health Records (EHR) for clinical trial subjects identification and drug safety signals detection. These reports pave ways to global large-scale population monitoring. Second, there is further evidence on the importance of coupling phenotypic information in EHR with genotypic information (either in biobank or in gene association studies) for new biomedical knowledge discovery. Third, patient data gathered via social media and self-reporting was found to be comparable to existent data and less labor intensive. This alternative means could potentially overcome data collection challenge in cohort and prospective studies. Finally, it can be noted that metagenomic studies are gaining momentum in bioinformatics and system-level analysis of human microbiome sheds important light on certain human diseases.The current literature showed that the traditional bench to bedside translational research is increasing being complemented by the reverse approach, in which bedside information can be used to provide novel biomedical insights.
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Kume, Wilson, Augusto Cesar Barreto Rocha, Dimas José Lasmar e Manoel Carlos de Oliveira Júnior. "Innovation management in biotechnology: from the lab to the market: the entrepreneur's challenges". Concilium 23, n. 10 (27 maggio 2023): 76–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-1360-23k55.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The objective of this investigation is to identify the barriers faced by biotechnology startups in Brazil, related to lifespan, legislation, maturity stage, among others, by literature review, analyzing the obstacles faced by these companies to take the research from the laboratory to the market from the point of view of innovation management. As a method of confirming the barriers to the entrepreneur identified by the theory, an online non-parametric survey was conducted between October and December 2022, through electronic forms, considering a non-probabilistic sampling. The results obtained reinforce the literature. It was realized that entrepreneurship plays an important role, requires discipline and training, partnerships and cooperation are also necessary throughout the process. The benefits of the Legal Framework for Innovation bring researchers closer to institutions, providing the use of laboratories, as provided by law. The regulatory processes with the agencies: National Health Surveillance Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply and National Technical Commission on Biosafety need to reduce bureaucracy, facilitation, and clarification.
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Khan, Sardar Waqar, Qasim Hafeez, Muhammad Irfan Khalid, Roobaea Alroobaea, Saddam Hussain, Jawaid Iqbal, Jasem Almotiri e Syed Sajid Ullah. "Anomaly Detection in Traffic Surveillance Videos Using Deep Learning". Sensors 22, n. 17 (31 agosto 2022): 6563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176563.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the recent past, a huge number of cameras have been placed in a variety of public and private areas for the purposes of surveillance, the monitoring of abnormal human actions, and traffic surveillance. The detection and recognition of abnormal activity in a real-world environment is a big challenge, as there can be many types of alarming and abnormal activities, such as theft, violence, and accidents. This research deals with accidents in traffic videos. In the modern world, video traffic surveillance cameras (VTSS) are used for traffic surveillance and monitoring. As the population is increasing drastically, the likelihood of accidents is also increasing. The VTSS is used to detect abnormal events or incidents regarding traffic on different roads and highways, such as traffic jams, traffic congestion, and vehicle accidents. Mostly in accidents, people are helpless and some die due to the unavailability of emergency treatment on long highways and those places that are far from cities. This research proposes a methodology for detecting accidents automatically through surveillance videos. A review of the literature suggests that convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which are a specialized deep learning approach pioneered to work with grid-like data, are effective in image and video analysis. This research uses CNNs to find anomalies (accidents) from videos captured by the VTSS and implement a rolling prediction algorithm to achieve high accuracy. In the training of the CNN model, a vehicle accident image dataset (VAID), composed of images with anomalies, was constructed and used. For testing the proposed methodology, the trained CNN model was checked on multiple videos, and the results were collected and analyzed. The results of this research show the successful detection of traffic accident events with an accuracy of 82% in the traffic surveillance system videos.
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Wedri, Ni Made, I. Putu Wawan Narendra Putra, I. DPG Putra Yasa, IGA Ari Rasdini e I. Made Mertha. "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic". Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ) 3, n. 2 (18 maggio 2023): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53713/nhsj.v3i2.233.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A pandemic that is so sudden and travels so quickly and surely in all parts of the world has an impact on an emergency. A fast, precise, effective, and efficient handling of a pandemic is urgently needed. This literature review aims to present the latest treatments for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic based on the results of related studies from 2019-2020. Using 8 databases (Pubmed.gov, Medscape.com, Sciencedrect.com, Google Scholar, Nejm.org, ResearchGate, Garuda Portal, and Thelancet.com) data were searched between 2004 and 2020 in the form of research journals, articles, literature reviews, and handbooks discussing Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Keywords: Coronavirus, Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19 to search electronic databases. Journals, articles, literature reviews, and handbooks that are found in accordance with the keywords are then screened and viewed as abstract/full text. Management in the form of basic protection, carrying out surveillance and isolation activities, using personal protective equipment, especially for medical personnel, increasing self-immunity, and controlling comorbid diseases must be carried out to prevent further spread because currently, several antiviral drugs and vaccines are being tested for their effectiveness.
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Grothen, Andrew E., Bethany Tennant, Catherine Wang, Andrea Torres, Bonny Bloodgood Sheppard, Glenn Abastillas, Marina Matatova, Jeremy L. Warner e Donna R. Rivera. "Application of Artificial Intelligence Methods to Pharmacy Data for Cancer Surveillance and Epidemiology Research: A Systematic Review". JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, n. 4 (novembre 2020): 1051–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.20.00101.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
PURPOSE The implementation and utilization of electronic health records is generating a large volume and variety of data, which are difficult to process using traditional techniques. However, these data could help answer important questions in cancer surveillance and epidemiology research. Artificial intelligence (AI) data processing methods are capable of evaluating large volumes of data, yet current literature on their use in this context of pharmacy informatics is not well characterized. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted to evaluate relevant publications within four domains (cancer, pharmacy, AI methods, population science) across PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library and included all publications indexed between July 17, 2008, and December 31, 2018. The search returned 3,271 publications, which were evaluated for inclusion. RESULTS There were 36 studies that met criteria for full-text abstraction. Of those, only 45% specifically identified the pharmacy data source, and 55% specified drug agents or drug classes. Multiple AI methods were used; 25% used machine learning (ML), 67% used natural language processing (NLP), and 8% combined ML and NLP. CONCLUSION This review demonstrates that the application of AI data methods for pharmacy informatics and cancer epidemiology research is expanding. However, the data sources and representations are often missing, challenging study replicability. In addition, there is no consistent format for reporting results, and one of the preferred metrics, F-score, is often missing. There is a resultant need for greater transparency of original data sources and performance of AI methods with pharmacy data to improve the translation of these results into meaningful outcomes.
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Luna, Elena, Juan San Miguel, Diego Ortego e José Martínez. "Abandoned Object Detection in Video-Surveillance: Survey and Comparison". Sensors 18, n. 12 (5 dicembre 2018): 4290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124290.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
During the last few years, abandoned object detection has emerged as a hot topic in the video-surveillance community. As a consequence, a myriad of systems has been proposed for automatic monitoring of public and private places, while addressing several challenges affecting detection performance. Due to the complexity of these systems, researchers often address independently the different analysis stages such as foreground segmentation, stationary object detection, and abandonment validation. Despite the improvements achieved for each stage, the advances are rarely applied to the full pipeline, and therefore, the impact of each stage of improvement on the overall system performance has not been studied. In this paper, we formalize the framework employed by systems for abandoned object detection and provide an extensive review of state-of-the-art approaches for each stage. We also build a multi-configuration system allowing one to select a range of alternatives for each stage with the objective of determining the combination achieving the best performance. This multi-configuration is made available online to the research community. We perform an extensive evaluation by gathering a heterogeneous dataset from existing data. Such a dataset allows considering multiple and different scenarios, whereas presenting various challenges such as illumination changes, shadows, and a high density of moving objects, unlike existing literature focusing on a few sequences. The experimental results identify the most effective configurations and highlight design choices favoring robustness to errors. Moreover, we validated such an optimal configuration on additional datasets not previously considered. We conclude the paper by discussing open research challenges arising from the experimental comparison.
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Sadeghi, Malihe, Mostafa Langarizadeh, Beheshteh Olang, Hamed Seddighi e Abbas Sheikhtaheri. "A Survey of implementation status of child nutrition surveillance systems, registry systems and information systems: a scoping literature review protocol". BMJ Paediatrics Open 5, n. 1 (agosto 2021): e001164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001164.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
IntroductionChild malnutrition in all forms is known globally as the leading cause of poor health. Planning and solving this challenge require sources that collect data accurately. Nutrition surveillance systems (NSS), nutrition registry systems (NRS) and nutrition information systems (NIS) collect and analyse data on nutrition status. Unfortunately, these systems only exist in a few countries. The methods that these systems use significantly differ and their effectiveness is also scarcely researched. This scoping literature review aimed to conduct a survey on NSS, NRS and NIS that collect data on children’s nutrition at national and international levels, along with their attributes.Methods and analysisThe methods and analyses of this scoping review follow the Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology. This scoping literature review will be conducted in five stages based on this method. (1) The main research question and subquestions are identified. (2) Relevant studies are extracted. In this step, we will search electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science. A manual search will also be performed in Google Scholar, grey literature, and the websites of organisations such as WHO, UNICEF, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Service, International Food Policy Research Institute, Food and Agriculture Organization, Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance, United Nations World Food Programme, and United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition. (3) Extracted studies are separately reviewed by two reviewers based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and eligible studies are then selected. A third reviewer resolves disagreements. (4) A checklist is developed to extract the features. Data of included systems are separately extracted and entered into a checklist by two reviewers. A third reviewer then resolves any disagreement. (5) Data are summarised and analysed and are presented in tables and figures.DiscussionThis scoping literature review provides strong evidence of the status of systems that collect data on the status of child nutrition. This evidence can help select best practices which can be applied to develop future systems. It can also be a positive step towards achieving an integrated system.
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Kinney, Mary V., David Roger Walugembe, Phillip Wanduru, Peter Waiswa e Asha George. "Maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of implementation factors". Health Policy and Planning 36, n. 6 (13 marzo 2021): 955–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response (MPDSR), or any form of maternal and/or perinatal death review or audit, aims to improve health services and pre-empt future maternal and perinatal deaths. With expansion of MPDSR across low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), we conducted a scoping review to identify and describe implementation factors and their interactions. The review adapted an implementation framework with four domains (intervention, individual, inner and outer settings) and three cross-cutting health systems lenses (service delivery, societal and systems). Literature was sourced from six electronic databases, online searches and key experts. Selection criteria included studies from LMIC published in English from 2004 to July 2018 detailing factors influencing implementation of MPDSR, or any related form of MPDSR. After a systematic screening process, data for identified records were extracted and analysed through content and thematic analysis. Of 1027 studies screened, the review focuses on 58 studies from 24 countries, primarily in Africa, that are mainly qualitative or mixed methods. The literature mostly examines implementation factors related to MPDSR as an intervention, and to its inner and outer setting, with less attention to the individuals involved. From a health systems perspective, almost half the literature focuses on the tangible inputs addressed by the service delivery lens, though these are often measured inadequately or through incomparable ways. Though less studied, the societal and health system factors show that people and their relationships, motivations, implementation climate and ability to communicate influence implementation processes; yet their subjective experiences and relationships are inadequately explored. MPDSR implementation contributes to accountability and benefits from a culture of learning, continuous improvement and accountability, but few have studied the complex interplay and change dynamics involved. Better understanding MPDSR will require more research using health policy and systems approaches, including the use of implementation frameworks.
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Savova, G. K., K. C. Kipper-Schuler, J. F. Hurdle e S. M. Meystre. "Extracting Information from Textual Documents in the Electronic Health Record: A Review of Recent Research". Yearbook of Medical Informatics 17, n. 01 (agosto 2008): 128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1638592.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Summary Objectives We examine recent published research on the extraction of information from textual documents in the Electronic Health Record (EHR). Methods Literature review of the research published after 1995, based on PubMed, conference proceedings, and the ACM Digital Library, as well as on relevant publications referenced in papers already included. Results 174 publications were selected and are discussed in this review in terms of methods used, pre-processing of textual documents, contextual features detection and analysis, extraction of information in general, extraction of codes and of information for decision-support and enrichment of the EHR, information extraction for surveillance, research, automated terminology management, and data mining, and de-identification of clinical text. Conclusions Performance of information extraction systems with clinical text has improved since the last systematic review in 1995, but they are still rarely applied outside of the laboratory they have been developed in. Competitive challenges for information extraction from clinical text, along with the availability of annotated clinical text corpora, and further improvements in system performance are important factors to stimulate advances in this field and to increase the acceptance and usage of these systems in concrete clinical and biomedical research contexts.
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May, Sarah B., Thomas P. Giordano e Assaf Gottlieb. "A Phenotyping Algorithm to Identify People With HIV in Electronic Health Record Data (HIV-Phen): Development and Evaluation Study". JMIR Formative Research 5, n. 11 (25 novembre 2021): e28620. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/28620.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background Identification of people with HIV from electronic health record (EHR) data is an essential first step in the study of important HIV outcomes, such as risk assessment. This task has been historically performed via manual chart review, but the increased availability of large clinical data sets has led to the emergence of phenotyping algorithms to automate this process. Existing algorithms for identifying people with HIV rely on a combination of International Classification of Disease codes and laboratory tests or closely mimic clinical testing guidelines for HIV diagnosis. However, we found that existing algorithms in the literature missed a significant proportion of people with HIV in our data. Objective The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate HIV-Phen, an updated criteria-based HIV phenotyping algorithm. Methods We developed an algorithm using HIV-specific laboratory tests and medications and compared it with previously published algorithms in national and local data sets to identify cohorts of people with HIV. Cohort demographics were compared with those reported in the national and local surveillance data. Chart reviews were performed on a subsample of patients from the local database to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the algorithm. Results Our new algorithm identified substantially more people with HIV in both national (up to an 85.75% increase) and local (up to an 83.20% increase) EHR databases than the previously published algorithms. The demographic characteristics of people with HIV identified using our algorithm were similar to those reported in national and local HIV surveillance data. Our algorithm demonstrated improved sensitivity over existing algorithms (98% vs 56%-92%) while maintaining a similar overall accuracy (96% vs 80%-96%). Conclusions We developed and evaluated an updated criteria-based phenotyping algorithm for identifying people with HIV in EHR data that demonstrates improved sensitivity over existing algorithms.