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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Electron transport"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 30 luglio 2024

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1

BROWN, S. R., e M. G. HAINES. "Transport in partially degenerate, magnetized plasmas. Part 2. Numerical calculation of transport coefficients". Journal of Plasma Physics 62, n. 2 (agosto 1999): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377899007746.

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The modified Fokker–Planck collision operator for partially degenerate electrons was derived in an earlier paper [J. Plasma Phys.58, 577 (1997)]. This is now employed to study linear electron transport for a partially degenerate, magnetized plasma. Because polynomial expansions can yield incorrect transport coefficients owing to lack of resolution of the small fraction of low-energy unmagnetized electrons, a numerical discrete-ordinate scheme is employed. The inclusion of electron–electron collisions advances the model beyond that of Lee and More, and in the classical limit agrees with the results of Epperlein and Haines.

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2

Romero, Chris, e James Choun. "The Electron Transport Chain". American Biology Teacher 76, n. 7 (1 settembre 2014): 456–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2014.76.7.7.

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This activity provides students an interactive demonstration of the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis during aerobic respiration. Students use simple, everyday objects as hydrogen ions and electrons and play the roles of the various proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane to show how this specific process in cellular respiration produces ATP. The activity works best as a supplement after you have already discussed the electron transport chain in lecture but can be used prior to instruction to help students visualize the processes that occur. This demonstration was designed for general college biology for majors at a community college, but it could be used in any introductory college-level or advanced placement biology course.

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3

Helser, Terry L. "Electron Transport Wordsearch". Journal of Chemical Education 80, n. 4 (aprile 2003): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed080p419.

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4

Cheng, Na, Feng Chen, Colm Durkan, Nan Wang, Yuanyuan He e Jianwei Zhao. "Electron transport behavior of quinoidal heteroacene-based junctions: effective electron-transport pathways and quantum interference". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, n. 45 (2018): 28860–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp05901b.

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Due to the additional p-electrons of the S/O atom, the electron transport behavior of heteroacenes is regulated through quantum interference, showing a significant diversity of the current–voltage curves.

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5

Salvat-Pujol, Francesc, Harald O. Jeschke e Roser Valentí. "Simulation of electron transport during electron-beam-induced deposition of nanostructures". Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 4 (22 novembre 2013): 781–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.4.89.

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We present a numerical investigation of energy and charge distributions during electron-beam-induced growth of tungsten nanostructures on SiO2 substrates by using a Monte Carlo simulation of the electron transport. This study gives a quantitative insight into the deposition of energy and charge in the substrate and in the already existing metallic nanostructures in the presence of the electron beam. We analyze electron trajectories, inelastic mean free paths, and the distribution of backscattered electrons in different compositions and at different depths of the deposit. We find that, while in the early stages of the nanostructure growth a significant fraction of electron trajectories still interacts with the substrate, when the nanostructure becomes thicker the transport takes place almost exclusively in the nanostructure. In particular, a larger deposit density leads to enhanced electron backscattering. This work shows how mesoscopic radiation-transport techniques can contribute to a model that addresses the multi-scale nature of the electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID) process. Furthermore, similar simulations can help to understand the role that is played by backscattered electrons and emitted secondary electrons in the change of structural properties of nanostructured materials during post-growth electron-beam treatments.

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6

Davydov, Alexandr S., e Ivan I. Ukrainskii. "Electron states and electron transport in quasi-one-dimensional molecular systems". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, n. 7 (1 luglio 1985): 1899–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-314.

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It is shown that the concept of electron pairs may be introduced in conducting quasi-one-dimensional systems with electron delocalization such as (CH)x and the stacks of molecule-donors and acceptors of electrons TMTSF, TTT, TCNQ, etc. The introduction of pairing proves to be useful and electronic structure and electronic processes can be easily visualized. The two causative factors in the appearance of pairs in a many-electron system with repulsion are pointed out. The first one is the electron Fermi-statistics that does not allow a spatial region to be occupied by more than two electrons. The second one is the interaction of electrons with a soft lattice. The first of these factors is important at large and intermediate electron densities ρ ≥ 1, the second one dominates at [Formula: see text]. The kink-type excitation parameters in (CH)x are considered with a non-linear potential obtained in an electron-pair approach for the many-electron wave function of (CH)x.

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7

RIDLEY, B. K., e N. A. ZAKHLENIUK. "TRANSPORT IN A POLARIZATION-INDUCED 2D ELECTRON GAS". International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 11, n. 02 (giugno 2001): 479–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156401000927.

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AlGaN/GaN structures constitute a new class of 2D systems in that a large population of electrons can be produced without doping as a result of spontaneous and strain-induced polarization. Electron transport can, in principle, be mediated solely by phonon scattering and, for the first time, it is possible to realistically envisage the formation of a drifted Maxwellian or Fermi-Dirac distribution in hot-electron transport. We first describe a simple model that relates electron density in a heterostructure to barrier width and then explore electron-electron (e-e) energy and momentum exchange in some depth. We then illustrate the novel hot-electron transport properties that can arise when only phonon and e-e scattering are present. These include S-type NDR, electron cooling and squeezed electrons.

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8

VITKALOV, SERGEY, JING QIAO ZHANG, A. A. BYKOV e A. I. TOROPOV. "NONLINEAR TRANSPORT OF 2D ELECTRONS IN MAGNETIC FIELD". International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, n. 12n13 (20 maggio 2009): 2689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209062190.

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Electric field induced, spectacular reduction of longitudinal resistivity of two dimensional electrons placed in strong magnetic field is studied in broad range of temperatures. The data are in good agreement with theory, considering the strong nonlinearity of the resistivity as result of non-uniform spectral diffusion of 2D electrons induced by the electric field. Comparison with the theory gives inelastic scattering time τin of the 2D electrons. In temperature range T = 2 - 20 K for overlapping Landau levels, the inelastic scattering rate 1/τin is found to be proportional to T2, indicating dominant contribution of the electron-electron interaction to the inelastic electron relaxation. At strong magnetic field, at which Landau levels are well separated, the inelastic scattering rate is proportional to T3 at high temperatures. We suggest the electron-phonon scattering as the dominant mechanism of the inelastic electron relaxation in this regime. At low temperature and separated Landau levels an additional regime of the inelastic electron relaxation is observed: τin ~ T-1.26.

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9

Wang, Ji Fen, e Hua Qing Xie. "Theoretical Investigation on Electron Transport and the Effect on Thermal Transport in Graphene Ribbon". Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (aprile 2014): 622–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.622.

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The density functional theory (DFT) and nonequilibrium Green’s function methods to study the micro-structure, transmission pathways and the current density of graphene ribbon (GR). The thermal transport properties were calculated by the properties of electron transport using the classical function. The results showed that structure has strong effect on the electron transmission pathway of GR. In one side defect GR, the electron transmits mainly through the defect-free side. It shows that the more defect in GR, the more heat transferred by the electrons.

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10

ZHOU, BIN, e SHUN-QING SHEN. "SPIN TRANSVERSE FORCE AND QUANTUM TRANSVERSE TRANSPORT". International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, n. 01n02 (20 gennaio 2008): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208046074.

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We present a brief review on spin transverse force, which exerts on the spin as the electron is moving in an electric field. This force, analogue to the Lorentz force on electron charge, is perpendicular to the electric field and spin current carried by the electron. The force stems from the spin-orbit coupling of electrons as a relativistic quantum effect, and could be used to understand the Zitterbewegung of electron wave packet and the quantum transverse transport of electron in a heuristic way.

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11

Fuerst, E. Patrick, e Michael A. Norman. "Interactions of Herbicides with Photosynthetic Electron Transport". Weed Science 39, n. 3 (settembre 1991): 458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500073227.

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The two primary sites of herbicide action in photosynthetic electron transport are the inhibition of photosystem II (PS II) electron transport and diversion of electron flow through photosystem I (PS I). PS II electron transport inhibitors bind to the D1 protein of the PS II reaction center, thus blocking electron transfer to plastoquinone. Inhibition of PS II electron transport prevents the conversion of absorbed light energy into electrochemical energy and results in the production of triplet chlorophyll and singlet oxygen which induce the peroxidation of membrane lipids. PS I electron acceptors probably accept electrons from the iron-sulfur protein, Fa/Fb. The free radical form of the herbicide leads to the production of hydroxyl radicals which cause the peroxidation of lipids. Herbicide-induced lipid peroxidation destroys membrane integrity, leading to cellular disorganization and phototoxicity.

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12

Syngayivska, G. "Elecron transport in crossed electric and magnetic fields under the condition of the electron streaming in GaN". Semiconductor physics, quantum electronics and optoelectronics 18, n. 1 (25 marzo 2015): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo18.01.079.

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13

Bratus, O. L. "Electron transport through nanocomposite SiO2(Si) films containing Si nanocrystals". Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 19, n. 1 (8 aprile 2016): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo19.01.009.

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14

Spinelli, Jessica B., Paul C. Rosen, Hans-Georg Sprenger, Anna M. Puszynska, Jessica L. Mann, Julian M. Roessler, Andrew L. Cangelosi et al. "Fumarate is a terminal electron acceptor in the mammalian electron transport chain". Science 374, n. 6572 (3 dicembre 2021): 1227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abi7495.

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Reversing the chain The mitochondrial electron transport chain is a major part of cellular metabolism and plays key roles in both cellular respiration and the synthesis of critical metabolites. Typically, electrons flow through the electron transport chain in a specific direction, ending up with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Spinelli et al . characterized an alternative path of electron flow through the transport chain, ending with fumarate as the electron acceptor (see the Perspective by Baksh and Finley). This pathway operates under conditions of limited oxygen availability, and the authors have confirmed its activity in vivo in a mouse model, observing that the propensity to use this pathway varied between organs. —YN

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15

COLLAZO, RAMON, RAOUL SCHLESSER e ZLATKO SITAR. "HIGH FIELD TRANSPORT IN AlN". International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 14, n. 01 (marzo 2004): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156404002284.

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The energy distribution of electrons transported through intrinsic AlN was directly measured as a function of applied field and AlN film thickness. The electron energy distribution featured kinetic energies higher than that of completely thermalized electrons. Transport through films thicker than 95 nm at an applied field between 200 kV/cm and 350 kV/cm occurred as steady-state hot electron transport following a Maxwellian energy distribution with a characteristic carrier temperature. At higher fields (470 kV/cm), intervalley scattering was evidenced by a multi-component energy distribution featuring a second peak at the energy position of the first satellite valley. Velocity overshoot was observed in films thinner than 95 nm and at fields greater than 510 kV/cm. In this case, a symmetric energy distribution centered at an energy above the conduction band minimum was measured, indicating that the drift component of the electron velocity was on the order of the "thermal" component. A transient transport length of less than 80 nm was deduced from these observations.

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16

KIM, K. W., V. A. KOCHELAP, V. N. SOKOLOV e S. M. KOMIRENKO. "QUASI-BALLISTIC AND OVERSHOOT TRANSPORT IN GROUP III-NITRIDES". International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 14, n. 01 (marzo 2004): 127–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156404002272.

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We analyze steady-state and transient electron transport in the group III-nitride materials at high and ultra-high electric fields for different electron concentration regimes. At high electron concentrations where the electron distribution function assumes a shifted Maxwellian, we investigate different time-dependent transient transport regimes through the phase-plane anyalysis. Unexpected electron heating pattern is observed during the velocity overshoot process with a moderate electron temperature near the peak velocity followed by rapid increase in the deceleration period. For short nitride diodes, space-charge limited transport is considered by taking into account the self-consistent field. In this case, the overshoot is weaker and the electron heating in the region of the peak velocity is greater than that found for time-dependent problem. The transient processes are extended to sufficiently larger distances as well. When the electron concentration is small, we propose a model which accounts the main features of injected electrons in a short device with high fields. The electron velocity distribution over the device is found as a function of the field. It is demonstrated that in high fields the electrons are characterized by the extreme distribution function with the population inversion.

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17

Qiu, T. Q., e C. L. Tien. "Heat Transfer Mechanisms During Short-Pulse Laser Heating of Metals". Journal of Heat Transfer 115, n. 4 (1 novembre 1993): 835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2911377.

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This work studies heat transfer mechanisms during ultrafast laser heating of metals from a microscopic point of view. The heating process is composed of three processes: the deposition of radiation energy on electrons, the transport of energy by electrons, and the heating of the material lattice through electron-lattice interactions. The Boltzmann transport equation is used to model the transport of electrons and electron-lattice interactions. The scattering term of the Boltzmann equation is evaluated from quantum mechanical considerations, which shows the different contributions of the elastic and inelastic electron-lattice scattering processes on energy transport. By solving the Boltzmann equation, a hyperbolic two-step radiation heating model is rigorously established. It reveals the hyperbolic nature of energy flux carried by electrons and the nonequilibrium between electrons and the lattice during fast heating processes. Predictions from the current model agree with available experimental data during subpicosecond laser heating.

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18

KAYA, İSMET İ. "NONEQUILIBRIUM TRANSPORT AND THE BERNOULLI EFFECT OF ELECTRONS IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GAS". Modern Physics Letters B 27, n. 04 (17 gennaio 2013): 1330001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984913300019.

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Nonequilibrium transport of charged carriers in a two-dimensional electron gas is summarized from an experimental point of view. The transport regime in which the electron–electron interactions are enhanced at high bias leads to a range of striking effects in a two-dimensional electron gas. This regime of transport is quite different than the ballistic transport in which particles propagate coherently with no intercarrier energy transfer and the diffusive transport in which the momentum of the electron system is lost with the involvement of the phonons. Quite a few hydrodynamic phenomena observed in classical gasses have the electrical analogs in the current flow. When intercarrier scattering events dominate the transport, the momentum sharing via narrow angle scattering among the hot and cold electrons lead to negative resistance and electron pumping which can be viewed as the analog of the Bernoulli–Venturi effect observed classical gasses. The recent experimental findings and the background work in the field are reviewed.

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19

Menegozzi, R., P. G. Reinhard e M. Schulz. "Electron transport in ballistic electron emission microscopy". Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing 66, n. 7 (1 marzo 1998): S897—S900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390051263.

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20

Schulz, Werner W., e Philip B. Allen. "Transport in metals with electron-electron scattering". Physical Review B 52, n. 11 (15 settembre 1995): 7994–8001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.52.7994.

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21

Arnold, D., K. Hess e G. J. Iafrate. "Electron transport in heterostructure hot‐electron diodes". Applied Physics Letters 53, n. 5 (agosto 1988): 373–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99898.

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22

Stefanou, Antonios-Dimitrios, e Xanthippi Zianni. "The Effect of Width-Mismatch of Modulated Nanowaveguides on the Thermoelectric Efficiency". Micromachines 14, n. 10 (7 ottobre 2023): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14101912.

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Width-modulated nanowaveguides are promising for thermoelectric efficiency enhancement because electron and phonon transport properties can be geometrically tuned for improved performance. The shape of the modulation profile drastically affects the transport properties. Optimization of the width modulation for simultaneous maximum thermoelectric transport and minimum thermal transport is challenging because of the interconnected electron and phonon transport properties. We addressed this problem by analysing the effect of each characteristic dimension of a single rectangular modulation unit on electron and phonon transport. We identified distinct behaviours for electrons and phonons. We reveal that whereas phonon thermal conductance decreases with increasing width-mismatch, the electron thermoelectric power factor shows a non-monotonic dependence. It is pointed out that optimal width-mismatch that maximizes thermoelectric efficiency is mainly determined by electron transport and should be identified by maximizing the thermoelectric power. Our work points to a new strategy of optimizing geometry-modulated metamaterials for maximum thermoelectric efficiency.

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23

Sivan, U., P. M. Solomon e H. Shtrikman. "Coupled electron-hole transport". Physical Review Letters 68, n. 8 (24 febbraio 1992): 1196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.68.1196.

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24

Anraku, Yasuhiro. "Bacterial Electron Transport Chains". Annual Review of Biochemistry 57, n. 1 (giugno 1988): 101–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.57.070188.000533.

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25

Callen, J. D. "Paleoclassical electron heat transport". Nuclear Fusion 45, n. 9 (25 agosto 2005): 1120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/45/9/012.

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26

Morozov, S. V., K. S. Novoselov e A. K. Geim. "Electron transport in graphene". Physics-Uspekhi 51, n. 7 (31 luglio 2008): 744–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu2008v051n07abeh006575.

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27

Meng, Hua, e Chao-Yang Wang. "Electron Transport in PEFCs". Journal of The Electrochemical Society 151, n. 3 (2004): A358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1641036.

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28

Ryter, F., Y. Camenen, J. C. DeBoo, F. Imbeaux, P. Mantica, G. Regnoli, C. Sozzi et al. "Electron heat transport studies". Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 48, n. 12B (14 novembre 2006): B453—B463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/48/12b/s43.

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29

Yamaguchi, H., H. Okamoto, S. Miyashita, M. Ueki e Y. Hirayama. "Micromechanical Quantum Electron Transport". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 38 (10 maggio 2006): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/38/1/037.

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Tyutnev, A. P., V. S. Saenko, A. D. Zhadov e E. A. Krouk. "Electron Transport in Polyethyleneterephthalate". Polymer Science, Series A 62, n. 3 (maggio 2020): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965545x20030165.

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Cornely, Kathleen. "The electron transport game". Biochemical Education 27, n. 2 (aprile 1999): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0307-4412(99)00264-2.

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Conde, J. P., D. S. Shen, V. Chu e S. Wagner. "Electron transport in superlattices". Superlattices and Microstructures 6, n. 1 (gennaio 1989): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-6036(89)90084-0.

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Ruda, H. E., e B. Lai. "Electron transport in ZnS". Journal of Applied Physics 68, n. 4 (15 agosto 1990): 1714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346599.

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Glassford, Keith M., e James R. Chelikowsky. "Electron transport properties inRuO2rutile". Physical Review B 49, n. 11 (15 marzo 1994): 7107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.49.7107.

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Zhengming, Luo, e Anders Brahme. "High-energy electron transport". Physical Review B 46, n. 24 (15 dicembre 1992): 15739–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.46.15739.

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Lee, Y. P., K. W. Kim, J. Y. Rhee, Y. V. Kudryavtsev, V. V. Nemoshkalenko e V. G. Prokhorov. "Electron transport properties of". European Physical Journal B 15, n. 3 (2000): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510051146.

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Cameron, Joseph, e Peter J. Skabara. "Organic electron transport materials". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 20 (28 marzo 2024): 672–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.20.60.

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Sun, Chieh-Tze, I.-Hao Chan, Po-Ching Kao e Sheng-Yuan Chu. "Electron Injection and Transport Mechanisms of an Electron Transport Layer in OLEDs". Journal of The Electrochemical Society 158, n. 12 (2011): H1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.070112jes.

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CHIEN, L. H., A. SERGEEV, N. VAGIDOV e V. MITIN. "HOT-ELECTRON TRANSPORT IN QUANTUM-DOT PHOTODETECTORS". International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 18, n. 04 (dicembre 2008): 1013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156408005965.

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Employing Monte-Carlo simulations we investigate effects of an electric field on electron kinetics and transport in quantum-dot structures with potential barriers created around dots via intentional or unintentional doping. Results of our simulations demonstrate that the photoelectron capture is substantially enhanced in strong electric fields and this process has an exponential character. Detailed analysis shows that effects of the electric field on electron capture in the structures with barriers are not sensitive to the redistribution of electrons between valleys and these effects are not related to an increase of drift velocity. Most data find adequate explanation in the model of hot-electron transport in the potential relief of quantum dots. Electron kinetics controllable by potential barriers and an electric field may provide significant improvements in the photoconductive gain, detectivity, and responsivity of photodetectors.

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Sakagami, H., K. Okada, Y. Kaseda, T. Taguchi e T. Johzaki. "Collisional effects on fast electron generation and transport in fast ignition". Laser and Particle Beams 30, n. 2 (9 marzo 2012): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034611000887.

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AbstractAs the binary collision process requires much more computation time, a statistical electron-electron collision model based on modified Langevin equation is developed to reduce it. This collision model and a simple electron-ion scattering model are installed into one-dimensional PIC code, and collisional effects on fast electron generation and transport in fast ignition are investigated. In the collisional case, initially thermal electrons are heated up to a few hundred keV due to direct energy transfer by electron-electron collision, and they are also heated up to MeV by Joule heating induced by electron-ion scattering. Thus the number of low energy component of fast electrons increase than that in the collisionless case.

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REGISTER, LEONARD F., WANQIANG CHEN, XIN ZHENG e MICHAEL STROSCIO. "CARRIER CAPTURE AND TRANSPORT WITHIN TUNNEL INJECTION LASERS: A QUANTUM TRANSPORT ANALYSIS". International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 12, n. 04 (dicembre 2002): 1135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156402001952.

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Hot electron distributions within the active region of quantum well lasers lead to gain suppression, reduced quantum efficiency, and increased diffusion capacitance, greater low-frequency roll-off and high-frequency chirp. Recently, "tunnel injection lasers" have been developed to minimize electron heating within the active quantum well region by direct injection of cool electrons from the separate confinement region into the lasing subband(s) through a tunneling barrier. Tunnel injection lasers, however, also present a rich physics of transport and scattering, and a correspondingly rich set of challenges to simulation and device optimization. In this work, some of the fundamental physics of carrier capture and transport that should be addressed for optimization of such lasers is elucidated using Schrödinger Equation Monte Carlo (SEMC) based quantum transport simulation. In the process, qualitative limitations of the Golden-Rule of scattering in this application are pointed out by comparison. Specifically, a Golden-Rule-based analysis of the carrier injection into the active region of the ideal tunnel injection laser would suggest approximately uniform injection of electrons among the nominally degenerate quantum well states from the separate confinement region states. However, such an analysis ignores (via a random-phase approximation among the final states) the basic real-space transport requirement that injected carriers still must pass through the wells sequentially, coherently or otherwise, with an associated attenuation of the injected current into each subsequent well due to electron-hole recombination in the prior well. Transport among the wells then can be either thermionic, or, of theoretically increasing importance for low temperature carriers, via tunneling. Coherent resonant tunneling between wells, however, is sensitive to the potential drops between wells that split the energies of the lasing subbands and (further) localozes the electron states to individual wells. In this work such transport issues are elucidated using Schrödinger Equation Monte Carlo (SEMC) based quantum transport simulation.

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Salvat-Pujol, Francesc, Roser Valentí e Wolfgang S. Werner. "Surface excitations in the modelling of electron transport for electron-beam-induced deposition experiments". Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (3 giugno 2015): 1260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.129.

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The aim of the present overview article is to raise awareness of an essential aspect that is usually not accounted for in the modelling of electron transport for focused-electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID) of nanostructures: Surface excitations are on the one hand responsible for a sizeable fraction of the intensity in reflection-electron-energy-loss spectra for primary electron energies of up to a few kiloelectronvolts and, on the other hand, they play a key role in the emission of secondary electrons from solids, regardless of the primary energy. In this overview work we present a general perspective of recent works on the subject of surface excitations and on low-energy electron transport, highlighting the most relevant aspects for the modelling of electron transport in FEBID simulations.

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Tang, Bofeng, Haihong Che, Gary P. Zank e Vladimir I. Kolobov. "Suprathermal Electron Transport and Electron Beam Formation in the Solar Corona". Astrophysical Journal 954, n. 1 (22 agosto 2023): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace7be.

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Abstract Electron beams that are commonly observed in the corona were discovered to be associated with solar flares. These “coronal” electron beams are found ≥300 Mm above the acceleration region and have velocities ranging from 0.1c up to 0.6c. However, the mechanism for producing these beams remains unclear. In this paper, we use kinetic transport theory to investigate how isotropic suprathermal energetic electrons escaping from the acceleration region of flares are transported upwardly along the magnetic field lines of flares to develop coronal electron beams. We find that magnetic focusing can suppress the diffusion of Coulomb collisions and background turbulence and sharply collimate the suprathermal electron distribution into beams with the observed velocity within the observed distance. A higher bulk velocity is produced if energetic electrons have harder energy spectra or travel along a more rapidly expanding coronal magnetic field. By modeling the observed velocity and location distributions of coronal electron beams, we predict that the temperature of acceleration regions ranges from 5 × 106 to 2 × 107 K. Our model also indicates that the acceleration region may have a boundary where the temperature abruptly decreases so that the electron beam velocity can become more than triple (even up to 10 times) the background thermal velocity and produce the coronal type III radio bursts.

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44

McKee, C. B., e John M. J. Madey. "Electron beam control using experimentally measured transport matrices". Laser and Particle Beams 12, n. 1 (marzo 1994): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600007205.

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Free electron lasers (FELs) place very stringent requirements on the quality of electron beams. Present techniques for commissioning and operating electron accelerators may not be optimized to produce the high brightness beams needed. Therefore, it is proposed to minimize the beamline errors in electron accelerator transport systems by minimizing the deviations between the experimentally measured and design transport matrices of each beamline section. The transport matrix for each section is measured using evoked responses. In addition, the transverse phase space of the beam is reconstructed by measuring the spatial distribution of the electrons at a number of different betatron phases and applying tomographic techniques developed for medical imaging.

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Wang, Zan, Lei Quan e Yi Wu Ruan. "Simulation of Electron Transport in Silicon using Monte Carlo Method". Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (luglio 2011): 871–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.871.

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A Monte Carlo method is employed to investigate the properties of electron transport with considerations of electron-phonon scattering including intervalley scattering and intravalley scattering. Under different electric fields, the coupling relations between electrons and phonons are studied, and the behaviors of absorbing and releasing phonons from electrons are also analyzed. The results show the scattering events of absorbing phonons from electrons decrease with the increasing simulation time. At the same temperature, the mean free path of electron increases initially and then decreases with the increasing electric field intensity, and finally approaches an asymptotic value.

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Ghosh, Krishnendu, e Uttam Singisetti. "Theory of High Field Transport in β-Ga2O3". International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 28, n. 01n02 (marzo 2019): 1940008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156419400081.

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We present a comprehensive review of high-field transport properties in an emerging and trending ultra-widebandgap semiconductor β-Ga2O3. The focus is on the theoretical understanding of the microscopic mechanisms that control the dynamics of farfrom-equilibrium electrons. A manifold of density functional calculations and Boltzmann theory based transport formalism unravels the behavior of the electron distribution under a varied range of external electric fields. The key high-field transport properties that govern electronic device performance, like velocity and ionization co-efficients, are enlightened in detail with physical insights. Anisotropies in the above transport co-efficients are probed from the microscopic investigation of bandstructure, electron-phonon interactions, and electron-electron interactions.

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Gulala Muhammad Faraj. "Analysis of the electron energy distribution function and its transport coefficient in SF6-CO2 applied gas mixtuers". Journal of Wasit for Science and Medicine 9, n. 3 (26 dicembre 2022): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/jwsm.318.

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The Boltzmann transport equation is used to calculate the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) and the transport coefficient in pure sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and pure Carbon dioxide (CO2) and their mixtures. The electron swarm parameters are evaluated in the range of These parameters namely are: The Diffusion coefficient of electrons and mean electron energy. The motion of electrons in plasma gas (SF6) and mixing it with (CO2) under an applied uniform electric field is simulated by using the numerical solution ofBoltzmann's transport equation technique. The numerical solutions are utilized within the international computer code kinema-Elendif and written in Fortran 77 language software. The calculated distribution function is found to be remarked non-Maxwillian that has energy variations which reflect the import electron-molecule energy exchange processes.

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48

Bjerg, Jesper T., Henricus T. S. Boschker, Steffen Larsen, David Berry, Markus Schmid, Diego Millo, Paula Tataru et al. "Long-distance electron transport in individual, living cable bacteria". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, n. 22 (7 maggio 2018): 5786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800367115.

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Electron transport within living cells is essential for energy conservation in all respiring and photosynthetic organisms. While a few bacteria transport electrons over micrometer distances to their surroundings, filaments of cable bacteria are hypothesized to conduct electric currents over centimeter distances. We used resonance Raman microscopy to analyze cytochrome redox states in living cable bacteria. Cable-bacteria filaments were placed in microscope chambers with sulfide as electron source and oxygen as electron sink at opposite ends. Along individual filaments a gradient in cytochrome redox potential was detected, which immediately broke down upon removal of oxygen or laser cutting of the filaments. Without access to oxygen, a rapid shift toward more reduced cytochromes was observed, as electrons were no longer drained from the filament but accumulated in the cellular cytochromes. These results provide direct evidence for long-distance electron transport in living multicellular bacteria.

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49

Hasenburg, Franziska H., Kun-Han Lin, Bas van der Zee, Paul W. M. Blom, Denis Andrienko e Gert-Jan A. H. Wetzelaer. "Ambipolar charge transport in a non-fullerene acceptor". APL Materials 11, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2023): 021105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0137073.

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Abstract (sommario):

Charge transport is one of the key factors in the operation of organic solar cells. Here, we investigate the electron and hole transport in the non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) IT-4F, by a combination of space-charge-limited current measurements and multiscale molecular simulations. The electron and hole mobilities are fairly balanced, amounting to 2.9 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 for electrons and 2.0 × 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1 for holes. Orientational ordering and electronic couplings facilitate a better charge-percolating network for electrons than for holes, while ambipolarity itself is due to sufficiently high electron affinity and low ionization energy typical for narrow-gap NFAs. Our findings provide a molecular-level understanding of the balanced hole and electron transport in an archetypical NFA, which may play a key role in exciton diffusion and photogenerated hole transfer in organic solar cells.

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50

Musset, S., E. P. Kontar e N. Vilmer. "Diffusive transport of energetic electrons in the solar corona: X-ray and radio diagnostics". Astronomy & Astrophysics 610 (febbraio 2018): A6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731514.

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Context. Imaging spectroscopy in X-rays with RHESSI provides the possibility to investigate the spatial evolution of X-ray emitting electron distribution and therefore, to study transport effects on energetic electrons during solar flares. Aims. We study the energy dependence of the scattering mean free path of energetic electrons in the solar corona. Methods. We used imaging spectroscopy with RHESSI to study the evolution of energetic electrons distribution in various parts of the magnetic loop during the 2004 May 21 flare. We compared these observations with the radio observations of the gyrosynchrotron radiation of the same flare and with the predictions of a diffusive transport model. Results. X-ray analysis shows a trapping of energetic electrons in the corona and a spectral hardening of the energetic electron distribution between the top of the loop and the footpoints. Coronal trapping of electrons is stronger for radio-emitting electrons than for X-ray-emitting electrons. These observations can be explained by a diffusive transport model. Conclusions. We show that the combination of X-ray and radio diagnostics is a powerful tool to study electron transport in the solar corona in different energy domains. We show that the diffusive transport model can explain our observations, and in the range 25–500 keV, the scattering mean free path of electrons decreases with electron energy. We can estimate for the first time the scattering mean free path dependence on energy in the corona.

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