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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Electrocaloric refrigeration"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 1 giugno 2024

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1

Barr, J. A., T. Nishimatsu e S. P. Beckman. "Computational modeling the electrocaloric effect for solid-state refrigeration". MRS Proceedings 1543 (2013): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.920.

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ABSTRACTThe electrocaloric effect holds promise for possible application in refrigeration technologies. There is much interest in this subject and experimental studies have shown the possibility for creating materials with a modest sized electrocaloric response. However, theoretical studies lag behind the experimental effort due to the lack of computational methods to accurately study the finite temperature response. Here the freely distributed feram, an effective Hamiltonian molecular dynamics method, is demonstrated for predicting the electrocaloric response of BaTiO3.

2

Kumar, Raju, Ashish Kumar e Satyendra Singh. "Large electrocaloric response and energy storage study in environmentally friendly (1 − x)K0.5Na0.5NbO3–xLaNbO3 nanocrystalline ceramics". Sustainable Energy & Fuels 2, n. 12 (2018): 2698–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8se00276b.

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An electrocaloric material with a negative and positive electrocaloric effect (ECE) is identified to be a high potential candidate for solid-state refrigeration technology due to a changing dipolar entropy under a varying electric field.

3

Aprea, C., A. Greco, A. Maiorino e C. Masselli. "Electrocaloric refrigeration: an innovative, emerging, eco-friendly refrigeration technique". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 796 (gennaio 2017): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/796/1/012019.

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4

Ou, Yun, Chihou Lei e Dongliang Shan. "Electrocaloric Effect in Different Oriented BaZr0.15Ti0.85O3 Single Crystals". Materials 15, n. 19 (10 ottobre 2022): 7018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15197018.

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The electrocaloric effect of ferroelectrics is promising for new solid-state refrigeration. However, the current research on the electrocaloric effect of bulk ferroelectrics mainly focuses on (001) orientation. Thus, we studied the electrocaloric effect of BaZr0.15Ti0.85O3 single crystals with different orientations through the nonlinear thermodynamic approach and entropy analysis. The results show that the dipolar entropy of (111)-oriented BaZr0.15Ti0.85O3 single crystals exhibits a greater change after applying an external electric field, compared with (001)- and (110)-orientations, and the (001)-oriented electrocaloric responses are consistent with experimental observations. The (111)-oriented BaZr0.15Ti0.85O3 single crystals have a more significant electrocaloric response, resulting in a broader work temperature range with a large electrocaloric effect. These insights offer an alternative way to enhance the electrocaloric response of ferroelectric single crystals.

5

Guo, Mengyao, Ming Wu, Weiwei Gao, Buwei Sun e Xiaojie Lou. "Giant negative electrocaloric effect in antiferroelectric PbZrO3 thin films in an ultra-low temperature range". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, n. 3 (2019): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc05108a.

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6

Lu, Sheng-Guo, e Qiming Zhang. "Electrocaloric Materials for Solid-State Refrigeration". Advanced Materials 21, n. 19 (18 maggio 2009): 1983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200802902.

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7

Peng, Biaolin, Qi Zhang, Bai Gang, Glenn J. T. Leighton, Christopher Shaw, Steven J. Milne, Bingsuo Zou, Wenhong Sun, Haitao Huang e Zhonglin Wang. "Phase-transition induced giant negative electrocaloric effect in a lead-free relaxor ferroelectric thin film". Energy & Environmental Science 12, n. 5 (2019): 1708–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ee00269c.

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8

Hirasawa, Shigeki, Tsuyoshi Kawanami e Katsuaki Shirai. "Electrocaloric Refrigeration using Multi-Layers of Electrocaloric Material Films and Thermal Switches". Heat Transfer Engineering 39, n. 12 (13 settembre 2017): 1091–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2017.1358490.

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9

Suchaneck, G., e G. Gerlach. "Materials and device concepts for electrocaloric refrigeration". Physica Scripta 90, n. 9 (13 agosto 2015): 094020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/90/9/094020.

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10

Du, Hongliang, Yunfei Chang, Chunwang Li, Qingyuan Hu, Jing Pang, Yuan Sun, Florian Weyland, Nikola Novak e Li Jin. "Ultrahigh room temperature electrocaloric response in lead-free bulk ceramicsviatape casting". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, n. 23 (2019): 6860–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc01407a.

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An ultrahigh room temperature adiabatic temperature change (∼1.6 K) was realized in a BaTiO₃-based bulk ceramic prepared by the tape casting technique, which makes a giant step-forward for electrocaloric refrigeration.

11

Kumar, Ajeet, Atul Thakre, Dae-Yong Jeong e Jungho Ryu. "Prospects and challenges of the electrocaloric phenomenon in ferroelectric ceramics". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, n. 23 (2019): 6836–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc01525f.

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Abstract (sommario):

The electrocaloric effect (ECE), which refers to changes in the temperature of a material when an electric field is applied to or removed from the material, is one of the key phenomena of future highly efficient solid-state refrigeration devices.

12

Lilley, Drew, e Ravi Prasher. "Ionocaloric refrigeration cycle". Science 378, n. 6626 (23 dicembre 2022): 1344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade1696.

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Developing high-efficiency cooling with safe, low–global warming potential refrigerants is a grand challenge for tackling climate change. Caloric effect–based cooling technologies, such as magneto- or electrocaloric refrigeration, are promising but often require large applied fields for a relatively low coefficient of performance and adiabatic temperature change. We propose using the ionocaloric effect and the accompanying thermodynamic cycle as a caloric-based, all–condensed-phase cooling technology. Theoretical and experimental results show higher adiabatic temperature change and entropy change per unit mass and volume compared with other caloric effects under low applied field strengths. We demonstrated the viability of a practical system using an ionocaloric Stirling refrigeration cycle. Our experimental results show a coefficient of performance of 30% relative to Carnot and a temperature lift as high as 25°C using a voltage strength of ~0.22 volts.

13

Valant, Matjaz. "Electrocaloric materials for future solid-state refrigeration technologies". Progress in Materials Science 57, n. 6 (luglio 2012): 980–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2012.02.001.

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14

Zhang, Guangzu, Qi Li, Haiming Gu, Shenglin Jiang, Kuo Han, Matthew R. Gadinski, Md Amanul Haque, Qiming Zhang e Qing Wang. "Ferroelectric Polymer Nanocomposites for Room-Temperature Electrocaloric Refrigeration". Advanced Materials 27, n. 8 (7 gennaio 2015): 1450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201404591.

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15

He, Jizhou, Jincan Chen, Yinghui Zhou e Jin T. Wang. "Regenerative characteristics of electrocaloric Stirling or Ericsson refrigeration cycles". Energy Conversion and Management 43, n. 17 (novembre 2002): 2319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-8904(01)00183-2.

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16

Liu, Ningtao, Ruihong Liang, Guangzu Zhang, Zhiyong Zhou, Shiguang Yan, Xiaobing Li e Xianlin Dong. "Colossal negative electrocaloric effects in lead-free bismuth ferrite-based bulk ferroelectric perovskite for solid-state refrigeration". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, n. 39 (2018): 10415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc04125c.

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17

Wang, Fang, Ming-Ding Li, Jun Peng Ma, Xiao-Liang Wang e Qun-Dong Shen. "Enhancing the thermal conductivity in electrocaloric polymers by structural orientation for collaborative thermal management". Applied Physics Letters 122, n. 14 (3 aprile 2023): 143904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0144660.

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Endowing bulk electrocaloric polymers with excellent thermal conductivity is a superior solution to the high-efficient and precise management of tremendous heat from high-power-density electronic devices. Semi-crystalline polymer P(VDF-TrFE-CFE), i.e., poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene), has a predominant amorphous phase of randomly entangled chains and abundant interface, leading to localized behavior in phonon heat conduction and thereby low thermal conductivity. To enhance the thermal transport performance, electrocaloric polymer films were mechanically stretched or fabricated by electrospun to achieve highly aligned molecular chains. Chain orientation brought about a 2.4- and 1.6-times increase in the thermal diffusion coefficient of the stretched and electrospun films, respectively. Interestingly, after mechanical stretching, the thermal conductivity of the film was increased by a factor of two. In contrast, the electrospun film had a slightly lower thermal conductivity than that of the unoriented one. A remarkable discrepancy in the electrocaloric properties was observed, where the stretched polymer film reached a much higher adiabatic temperature change under an applied electric field than that of the electrospun film. Our strategy provides a perspective on designing a promising thermal management system through the integration of active refrigeration and passive heat dissipation in bulk electrocaloric polymers.

18

Ma, Jianxing. "Study on Electric Card Effect of Lead-free Piezoelectric Ceramics". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 27 (27 dicembre 2022): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v27i.3769.

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The electrocaloric effect of ferroelectric materials can be used for refrigeration. This new method has the advantage of high efficiency, environmental protection and lower cost. Its variable size can satisfy the cooling requirements of different devices. However, it still exist some problems of lead-free ferroelectric ceramics refrigeration: its refrigeration temperature is less than 1 K; refrigeration temperature range is narrow; working temperature is either too high or too low. Sodium bismuth titanate (Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3, NBT) material stands out and becomes the most promising candidate to replace lead-based materials. Properties of NBT almost meet the test requirements. Near depolarization temperature, this material shows ferroelectric/antiferroelectric phase transition, which brings a larger change in electric heating temperature. In this paper, electric card effect, lead-free piezoelectric ceramic materials and the BNT-xST ceramics were introduced in detail. Among these materials, BNT-xST is considered to be a promising material due to its excellent ferroelectric property and large electromechanical coupling coefficient.

19

Sinyavsky, Y. V., N. D. Pashkov, Y. M. Gorovoy, G. E. Lugansky e L. Shebanov. "The optical ferroelectric ceramic as working body for electrocaloric refrigeration". Ferroelectrics 90, n. 1 (febbraio 1989): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150198908211296.

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20

Shi, Junye, Qiang Li, Tianyuan Gao, Donglin Han, Yuanyuan Li, Jiangping Chen e Xiaoshi Qian. "Numerical evaluation of a kilowatt-level rotary electrocaloric refrigeration system". International Journal of Refrigeration 121 (gennaio 2021): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2020.09.011.

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21

Ožbolt, M., A. Kitanovski, J. Tušek e A. Poredoš. "Electrocaloric refrigeration: Thermodynamics, state of the art and future perspectives". International Journal of Refrigeration 40 (aprile 2014): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2013.11.007.

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22

Valant, Matjaz. "ChemInform Abstract: Electrocaloric Materials for Future Solid-State Refrigeration Technologies". ChemInform 44, n. 36 (15 agosto 2013): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201336190.

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23

Niu, Xiang, Xiaodong Jian, Xianyi Chen, Haoxuan Li, Wei Liang, Yingbang Yao, Tao Tao, Bo Liang e Sheng-Guo Lu. "Enhanced electrocaloric effect at room temperature in Mn2+ doped lead-free (BaSr)TiO3 ceramics via a direct measurement". Journal of Advanced Ceramics 10, n. 3 (15 aprile 2021): 482–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40145-020-0450-1.

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Abstract(Ba1−xSrx)(MnyTi1−y)O3 (BSMT) ceramics with x = 35, 40 mol% and y = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 mol% were prepared using a conventional solid-state reaction approach. The dielectric and ferroelectric properties were characterized using impedance analysis and polarization-electric field (P–E) hysteresis loop measurements, respectively. The adiabatic temperature drop was directly measured using a thermocouple when the applied electric field was removed. The results indicate that high permittivity and low dielectric losses were obtained by doping 0.1–0.4 mol% of manganese ions in (BaSr)TiO3 (BST) specimens. A maximum electrocaloric effect (ECE) of 2.75 K in temperature change with electrocaloric strength of 0.55 K·(MV/m)−1 was directly obtained at ∼21 °C and 50 kV/cm in Ba0.6Sr0.4Mn0.001Ti0.999O3 sample, offering a promising ECE material for practical refrigeration devices working at room temperature.

24

Vopson, Melvin M., Yuri K. Fetisov e Ian Hepburn. "Solid-State Heating Using the Multicaloric Effect in Multiferroics". Magnetochemistry 7, n. 12 (24 novembre 2021): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7120154.

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The multicaloric effect is defined as the adiabatic reversible temperature change in multiferroic materials induced by the application of an external electric or magnetic field, and it was first theoretically proposed in 2012. The multicaloric effects in multiferroics, as well as other similar caloric effects in single ferroics, such as magnetocaloric, elastocaloric, barocaloric, and electrocaloric, have been the focus of much research due to their potential commercialization in solid-state refrigeration. In this short communication article, we examine the thermodynamics of the multicaloric effect for solid-state heating applications. A possible thermodynamic multicaloric heating cycle is proposed and then implemented to estimate the solid-state heating effect for a known electrocaloric system. This work offers a path to implementing caloric and multicaloric effects to efficient heating systems, and we offer a theoretical estimate of the upper limit of the temperature change achievable in a multicaloric cooling or heating effect.

25

Wang, Yunda, Ziyang Zhang, Tomoyasu Usui, Michael Benedict, Sakyo Hirose, Joseph Lee, Jamie Kalb e David Schwartz. "A high-performance solid-state electrocaloric cooling system". Science 370, n. 6512 (1 ottobre 2020): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aba2648.

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Electrocaloric (EC) cooling is an emerging technology that has broad potential to disrupt conventional air conditioning and refrigeration as well as electronics cooling applications. EC coolers can be highly efficient, solid state, and compact; have few moving parts; and contain no environmentally harmful or combustible refrigerants. We report a scalable, high-performance system architecture, demonstrated in a device that uses PbSc0.5Ta0.5O3 EC multilayer ceramic capacitors fabricated in a manufacturing-compatible process. We obtained a system temperature span of 5.2°C and a maximum heat flux of 135 milliwatts per square centimeter. This measured heat flux is more than four times higher than other EC cooling demonstrations, and the temperature lift is among the highest for EC systems that use ceramic multilayer capacitors.

26

Qian, Xiaoshi. "Pumping into a cool future: electrocaloric materials for zero-carbon refrigeration". Frontiers in Energy 16, n. 1 (febbraio 2022): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11708-022-0820-1.

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27

Aprea, Ciro, Adriana Greco, Angelo Maiorino e Claudia Masselli. "A comparison between electrocaloric and magnetocaloric materials for solid state refrigeration". International Journal of Heat and Technology 35, n. 1 (30 marzo 2017): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.350130.

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28

Bradeško, A., Đ. Juričić, M. Santo Zarnik, B. Malič, Z. Kutnjak e T. Rojac. "Coupling of the electrocaloric and electromechanical effects for solid-state refrigeration". Applied Physics Letters 109, n. 14 (3 ottobre 2016): 143508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4964124.

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29

Hamad, Mahmoud A. "Electrocaloric properties of Zr-modified Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 polycrystalline ceramics". Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 03, n. 04 (ottobre 2013): 1350029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x1350029x.

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In this work, electrocaloric properties of Pb ( Mg 1/3 Zr 2x/3 Nb 2(1-x)/3) O 3-x/3 polycrystalline ceramics for different stoichiometric compositions have been investigated. The results show that largest changes (ΔT) are in range of 1.07 to 4.84 K in 10 kV cm-1 electric field change. These values are significantly large, and are comparable with values of other lead-containing ceramics under the same or larger electric field shift. The conclusion is that these materials are excellent candidates for working materials in refrigeration and liquefaction devices in a wide temperature range.

30

Si, Mengwei, Atanu K. Saha, Pai-Ying Liao, Shengjie Gao, Sabine M. Neumayer, Jie Jian, Jingkai Qin et al. "Room-Temperature Electrocaloric Effect in Layered Ferroelectric CuInP2S6 for Solid-State Refrigeration". ACS Nano 13, n. 8 (2 agosto 2019): 8760–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b01491.

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Guo, Dongzhi, Jinsheng Gao, Ying-Ju Yu, Suresh Santhanam, Andrew Slippey, Gary K. Fedder, Alan J. H. McGaughey e Shi-Chune Yao. "Design and modeling of a fluid-based micro-scale electrocaloric refrigeration system". International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 72 (maggio 2014): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.01.043.

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32

Ma, Yingze, Tongqing Yang e Yuanbo Li. "A micro solid-state refrigeration prototype device based on the electrocaloric effect". Materials Letters 341 (giugno 2023): 134263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2023.134263.

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Boni, Georgia A., Lucian D. Filip, Cristian Radu, Cristina Chirila, Iuliana Pasuk, Mihaela Botea, Ioana Pintilie e Lucian Pintilie. "Indirect Evaluation of the Electrocaloric Effect in PbZrTiO3 (20/80)-Based Epitaxial Thin Film Structures". Electronic Materials 3, n. 4 (1 novembre 2022): 344–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat3040028.

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Abstract (sommario):

Electrocaloric effect is the adiabatic temperature change in a dielectric material when an electric field is applied or removed, and it can be considered as an alternative refrigeration method. Materials with ferroelectric order exhibit large temperature variations in the vicinity of a phase transition, while antiferroelectrics and relaxors may exhibit a negative electrocaloric effect. In this study, the temperature variation in polarization was investigated for epitaxial ferroelectric thin film structures based on PbZrTiO3 materials in simple or complex multilayered structures. We propose the intriguing possibility of a giant negative electrocaloric effect (ΔT = −3.7 K at room temperature and ΔT = −5.5 K at 370 K) in a simple epitaxial Pb(ZrTi)O3 capacitor. Furthermore, it was shown that abnormal temperature variation in polarization is dependent on the non-FE component introduced in a multilayered structure. No significant variation in polarization with temperature was obtained for PZT/STON multilayered structures around room temperature. However, for PZT/BST or PZT/Nb2O5 multilayers, an abnormal temperature variation in polarization was revealed, which was similar to a simple PZT layer. The giant and negative ∆T values were attributed to internal fields and defects formed due to the large depolarization fields when the high polarization of the FE component was not fully compensated either by the electrodes or by the interface with an insulator layer. The presented results make Pb(ZrTi)O3-based structures promising for cooling applications operating near room temperature.

34

Trček, Maja, Marta Lavrič, George Cordoyiannis, Boštjan Zalar, Brigita Rožič, Samo Kralj, Vassilios Tzitzios, George Nounesis e Zdravko Kutnjak. "Electrocaloric and elastocaloric effects in soft materials". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, n. 2074 (13 agosto 2016): 20150301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0301.

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Materials with large caloric effect have the promise of realizing solid-state refrigeration which has potential to be more efficient and environmentally friendly compared with current cooling technologies. Recently, the focus of caloric effects investigations has shifted towards soft materials. An overview of recent direct measurements of the large electrocaloric effect (ECE) in a composite mixture of a liquid crystal and nanoparticles (NPs) and large elastocaloric (eC) effect in main-chain liquid crystal elastomers is given. In mixtures of 12CB liquid crystal with functionalized CdSSe NPs, an ECE exceeding 5 K was found in the vicinity of the isotropic to smectic A phase transition. It is shown that the NPs smear the isotropic to smectic coexistence range in which a large ECE is observed due to latent heat enhancement. NPs acting as traps for ions reduce the moving-ion density and consequently the Joule heating. Direct eC measurements indicate that the significant eC response can be found in main-chain liquid crystalline elastomers, but at a fraction of the stress field in contrast to other eC materials. Both soft materials could play a significant role as active cooling elements or parts of thermal diodes in development of new cooling devices. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Taking the temperature of phase transitions in cool materials’.

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Ismail, Mubarak, Metkel Yebiyo e Issa Chaer. "A Review of Recent Advances in Emerging Alternative Heating and Cooling Technologies". Energies 14, n. 2 (19 gennaio 2021): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020502.

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The heating and cooling industry underpins everything we do, e.g., manufacturing, commercial and residential applications. Many of these applications invariably use mechanical refrigeration technologies, consequently contributing significantly to the environmental impacts of the refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pump (RACHP) industry both through direct and indirect emissions of CO2. To reduce these emissions, research and development worldwide aim to improve the performance of conventional systems and the development of new refrigeration technologies of potentially much lower environmental impacts. As we transition to a low carbon economy, there are sizable environmental and economic benefits from developing and using efficient, innovative, low carbon heating and cooling technologies that reduce energy use and carbon emissions. This paper provides an up-to-date and comprehensive critical review and evaluation of recent advances in emerging alternative heating and cooling technologies that have the potential to reduce the environmental impacts of refrigeration in the RACHP sector. The paper highlights the basic working principle of operation, its main applications, the challenges and opportunities in penetrating the market. The paper also highlights further research and development needed to accelerate the development and adoption of these alternative refrigeration technologies by the sector. Most of the technologies reviewed have a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 3–4, except electrocaloric technology which is less ready compared to its counterparts with a TRL of 1–2 at this stage. Furthermore, most technologies have capacities ranging between a few kilowatts to a maximum of 7 kW with a coefficient of performance COP between 1 and 10 reported in the literature.

36

Li, Qiang, Feihong Du, Donglin Han e XiaoShi Qian. "Highly efficient electrocaloric device based on composite materials with excellent heat transfer performance". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2491, n. 1 (1 aprile 2023): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2491/1/012016.

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Abstract Electrocaloric (EC) cooling technology is known for its efficiency and simplicity of the electricity-driving method. However, there still are many challenges and problems, i.e., the poor heat transfer of EC materials (polymers), and the limited electrocaloric temperature change, which result in the limited cooling efficiency and/or cooling power of the EC cooling prototypes. The lack of EC device with high cooling performance poses challenging obstacles for the industrial deployment of the EC cooling technology. In this work, we demonstrated that the fabrication of P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) nanocomposites with BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (BZT) particles is an efficient way to improve the heat transfer of EC materials without compromising EC capability. In order to valid the positive effect of developing the EC device rather than provide a pure material study, we developed a solid-fluid coupling EC cooling machine numerically. The introduction of BZT composites allows EC refrigeration devices to exhibit a good COP while maintaining a relatively high total cooling power (>150 W) when the temperature span is 10 K. Therefore, the composites exhibit great potential of ECE for future cooling applications.

37

Zhang, Yalong, Jie Chen, Huiyu Dan, Mudassar Maraj, Biaolin Peng e Wenhong Sun. "Energy Storage and Electrocaloric Cooling Performance of Advanced Dielectrics". Molecules 26, n. 2 (18 gennaio 2021): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020481.

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Dielectric capacitors are widely used in pulse power systems, electric vehicles, aerospace, and defense technology as they are crucial for electronic components. Compact, lightweight, and diversified designs of electronic components are prerequisites for dielectric capacitors. Additionally, wide temperature stability and high energy storage density are equally important for dielectric materials. Ferroelectric materials, as special (spontaneously polarized) dielectric materials, show great potential in the field of pulse power capacitors having high dielectric breakdown strength, high polarization, low-temperature dependence and high energy storage density. The first part of this review briefly introduces dielectric materials and their energy storage performance. The second part elaborates performance characteristics of various ferroelectric materials in energy storage and refrigeration based on electrocaloric effect and briefly shed light on advantages and disadvantages of various common ferroelectric materials. Especially, we summarize the polarization effects of underlying substrates (such as GaN and Si) on the performance characteristics of ferroelectric materials. Finally, the review will be concluded with an outlook, discussing current challenges in the field of dielectric materials and prospective opportunities to assess their future progress.

38

Li, Qiang, Junye Shi, Donglin Han, Feihong Du, Jiangping Chen e Xiaoshi Qian. "Concept design and numerical evaluation of a highly efficient rotary electrocaloric refrigeration device". Applied Thermal Engineering 190 (maggio 2021): 116806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116806.

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39

Sun, Zhimin, Qing-Ming Wang e William S. Slaughter. "A solid-state refrigeration based on electrocaloric effect: Device and its analytical model". Journal of Applied Physics 124, n. 6 (14 agosto 2018): 064503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5035079.

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40

Shi, Junye, Donglin Han, Zichao Li, Lu Yang, Sheng-Guo Lu, Zhifeng Zhong, Jiangping Chen, Q. M. Zhang e Xiaoshi Qian. "Electrocaloric Cooling Materials and Devices for Zero-Global-Warming-Potential, High-Efficiency Refrigeration". Joule 3, n. 5 (maggio 2019): 1200–1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2019.03.021.

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41

Sinyavsky, Yu V., G. E. Lugansky e N. D. Pashkov. "Electrocaloric refrigeration: Investigation of a model and prognosis of mass and efficiency indexes". Cryogenics 32 (gennaio 1992): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(92)90102-g.

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42

Patel, Satyanarayan, e Manish Kumar. "Electrocaloric properties of Sr and Sn doped BCZT lead-free ceramics". European Physical Journal Applied Physics 91, n. 2 (agosto 2020): 20905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020200165.

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Abstract (sommario):

In the present work, the electrocaloric (EC) effect in lead-free Sr and Sn doped (Ba0.85Ca0.075Sr0.075)(Zr0.1Ti0.88Sn0.02)O3 ceramic prepared by solid-state method has been investigated. The phase purity and pure perovskite phase formation with Sr and Sn doping is confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The adiabatic temperature change ΔT (due to the EC effect), entropy change (ΔS) and refrigeration capacity (RC) are estimated under various electric fields. The maximum peak values of ΔT, ΔS and RC are found as 1.5 K, 1.8 J/kg.K and 2.75 J/kg, respectively under the applied electric field of 33 kV/cm at 305 K. It is also observed that the ΔT, ΔS and RC decreases with an increase in applied temperature. Moreover, the estimated values of EC properties are significantly high which indicates that fabrication of Sr and Sn doped lead-free ceramics can be advantageous for EC applications.

43

Patel, Satyanarayan, Aditya Chauhan e Rahul Vaish. "Large‐Temperature‐Invariant and Electrocaloric Performance of Modified Barium Titanate for Solid‐State Refrigeration". Energy Technology 4, n. 9 (13 luglio 2016): 1097–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ente.201600103.

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44

Bai, Yang, Xi Han, Kai Ding e Lijie Qiao. "Electrocaloric Refrigeration Cycles with Large Cooling Capacity in Barium Titanate Ceramics Near Room Temperature". Energy Technology 5, n. 5 (27 dicembre 2016): 703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ente.201600456.

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45

Bondarev, V. S., I. N. Flerov, M. V. Gorev, E. I. Pogoreltsev, M. S. Molokeev, E. A. Mikhaleva, A. V. Shabanov e A. V. Es’kov. "Influence of thermal conditions on the electrocaloric effect in a multilayer capacitor based on doped BaTiO3". Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 07, n. 06 (dicembre 2017): 1750041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x17500412.

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Abstract (sommario):

We present the results of studies of thermal expansion, heat capacity, permittivity, polarization and the influence of different thermal conditions on the intensive electrocaloric effect (ECE), [Formula: see text], in a commercial multilayer capacitor based on doped BaTiO3. Investigations in a wide temperature range revealed one anomaly in the behavior of the physical properties at about 290[Formula: see text]K characteristic for the relaxors. Direct measurements showed a high reversibility of ECE under equilibrium thermal conditions. Good agreement was found between the values of [Formula: see text] determined by direct and indirect measurements at the electric field up to 15.4[Formula: see text]kV/cm. Quasi-isothermal conditions lead, firstly, to decrease of large [Formula: see text]0.94[Formula: see text]K obtained in adiabatic conditions under [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kV/cm to 0.87[Formula: see text]K, and, secondly, the appearance of a difference between the values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] determined when the electric field is applied and removed. Using this phenomenon and changing the frequency of the periodic electric field, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kV/cm, the effect of cooling was obtained equal to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]K. The results obtained are useful for further development of the electrocaloric refrigeration technique without thermal switches.

46

Hirasawa, Shigeki. "Thermal Performance of Electrocaloric Refrigeration using Thermal Switches of Fluid Motion and Changing Contact Conductance". American Journal of Physics and Applications 4, n. 5 (2016): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20160405.12.

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47

Li, Junjie, Jianting Li, Hong-Hui Wu, Shiqiang Qin, Xiaopo Su, Yu Wang, Xiaojie Lou et al. "Giant Electrocaloric Effect and Ultrahigh Refrigeration Efficiency in Antiferroelectric Ceramics by Morphotropic Phase Boundary Design". ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, n. 40 (14 settembre 2020): 45005–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c13734.

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48

Lu, Yu-Chen, Junyi Yu, Jingyu Huang, Shuhui Yu, Xierong Zeng, Rong Sun e Ching-Ping Wong. "Enhanced electrocaloric effect for refrigeration in lead-free polymer composite films with an optimal filler loading". Applied Physics Letters 114, n. 23 (10 giugno 2019): 233901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5093968.

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49

Brück, Ekkes, Hargen Yibole e Lian Zhang. "A universal metric for ferroic energy materials". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, n. 2074 (13 agosto 2016): 20150303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0303.

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Abstract (sommario):

After almost 20 years of intensive research on magnetocaloric effects near room temperature, magnetic refrigeration with first-order magnetocaloric materials has come close to real-life applications. Many materials have been discussed as potential candidates to be used in multicaloric devices. However, phase transitions in ferroic materials are often hysteretic and a metric is needed to estimate the detrimental effects of this hysteresis. We propose the coefficient of refrigerant performance, which compares the net work in a reversible cycle with the positive work on the refrigerant, as a universal metric for ferroic materials. Here, we concentrate on examples from magnetocaloric materials and only consider one barocaloric experiment. This is mainly due to lack of data on electrocaloric materials. It appears that adjusting the field-induced transitions and the hysteresis effects can minimize the losses in first-order materials. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Taking the temperature of phase transitions in cool materials’.

50

Zhang, Xingru, Yinan Xiao, Beining Du, Yueming Li, Yuandong Wu, Liyuan Sheng e Wenchang Tan. "Improved Non-Piezoelectric Electric Properties Based on La Modulated Ferroelectric-Ergodic Relaxor Transition in (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-Ba(Ti, Zr)O3 Ceramics". Materials 14, n. 21 (5 novembre 2021): 6666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216666.

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Abstract (sommario):

The characteristic transition from ferroelectric (FE) to ergodic relaxor (ER) state in (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BNT) based lead-free ceramics provides an efficient approach to bring a highly ordered phase back to a disordered one. It would be rational to utilize this transition to improve relevant non-piezoelectric properties based on domain decomposition. In this work, different La contents were introduced to 0.93(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.07Ba(Ti0.945Zr0.055)O3 ceramics (BNT-BZT-xLa) to induce evolution of ergodic degree. The results reveal that with increasing La content, both the FE-ER transition temperature TF-R and depolarization temperature Td shift towards room temperature, implying a deepened ergodic degree. By modulation of ergodic degree, thermally stimulated depolarization current experiment shows a higher current density peak, and corresponding pyroelectric coefficient increases from 2.46 to 2.81 μC/(cm2∙°C) at Td. For refrigeration, the indirect measurement demonstrates the ΔT maximum increases from 1.1 K to 1.4 K, indicating an enhanced electrocaloric effect. Moreover, the optimized energy storage effect is observed after La doping. With appearance of “slimmer” P-E loops, both calculated recoverable energy storage density Wrec and storage efficiency η increase to 0.23 J/cm3 and 22.8%, respectively. These results denote La doping conduces to the improvement of non-piezoelectric properties of BNT-based ceramics in a certain range. Therefore, La doping should be an adopted modification strategy for lead-free ceramics used in areas like refrigerator and pulse capacitors.