Bibliografie tematiche / Electric utilities – history

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Electric utilities – history"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 29 luglio 2024
Ultima modifica: 30 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Electric utilities – history"

1

Lanciotti, Norma Silvana. "Ciclos de vida en empresas de servicios públicos. Las compañías norteamericanas y británicas de electricidad en Argentina, 1887–1950". Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 26, n. 3 (2008): 403–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610900000409.

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AbstractDuring the first half of the 20th century, most electric utilities were owned by foreign companies in Latin America as well as in Argentina, where the electric system was managed by firms of different nationalities and types. After comparing the trajectories of the firms, the article explores the causes of the unsuccessful performance of the electric utilities managed by British and American companies in Argentina. The results show that the life-cycles of electric utility companies greatly diverged according to their style of management and financing, the entry into the market, and the level of capitalization and technology applied to electrical networks.
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Kahle, Trish. "Electric Discipline: Gendering Power and Defining Work in Electric Power Systems". Labor 21, n. 1 (1 marzo 2024): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15476715-10948947.

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Abstract In the 1970s, energy conservation was a household idea, but it was also a form of labor discipline. This article shows how one utility, the Pennsylvania Power & Light Company (PP&L), used energy conservation to discipline unwaged workers in the home, upending decades of home economics research that sought to substitute electric energy for human energy in housework. To effectively deploy this strategy, PP&L drew on utilities’ well-established understanding of women's unwaged work in the home as central to balancing the rhythms of power demand. By exploring this history, this article also argues that by adopting a more expansive understanding of labor in energy systems—which I term “energy work”—we can better understand the interrelationship of labor, gender, and power in the operation of energy systems and more fully incorporate the history of unwaged workers into the history of energy.
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Emmons, William M. "Franklin D. Roosevelt, Electric Utilities, and the Power of Competition". Journal of Economic History 53, n. 4 (dicembre 1993): 880–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700051354.

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Historical verdicts on the economic effects of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal have been decidedly mixed. This article examines the New Deal's impact on the electric utility industry. In contrast to Roosevelt's cartel-like policies toward other sectors, his approach to the electric utilities involved the infusion of various forms of direct and indirect competition. Statistical evidence and econometric analysis suggest that Roosevelt's procompetitive strategy produced superior outcomes relative to traditional “natural monopoly” approaches to electric utility regulation.
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NEUFELD, JOHN L. "Corruption, Quasi-Rents, and the Regulation of Electric Utilities". Journal of Economic History 68, n. 4 (dicembre 2008): 1059–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050708000818.

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Was the adoption of state utility regulation the result of a negative-sum competition among special interest groups vying for the monopoly rents created by regulation or a positive-sum elimination of corruption arising from appropriable quasi-rents? Previous empirical studies of the adoption of regulation have assumed the former. Using discrete hazard analysis, this study considers the latter and finds the data more consistent with the positive-sum protection of quasi-rents than the negative-sum creation and appropriation of monopoly rents.
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Downs, Matthew L. "John L. Neufeld. Selling Power: Economics, Policy, and Electric Utilities before 1940." American Historical Review 123, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2018): 1322–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhy067.

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Ferreira, Vitor Hugo, Rubens Lucian da Silva Correa, Angelo Cesar Colombini, Márcio Zamboti Fortes, Flávio Luis de Mello, Fernando Carvalho Cid de Araujo e Natanael Rodrigues Pereira. "Big Data Analytics for Spatio-Temporal Service Orders Demand Forecasting in Electric Distribution Utilities". Energies 14, n. 23 (30 novembre 2021): 7991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14237991.

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This paper presents a big data analytics-based model developed for electric distribution utilities aiming to forecast the demand of service orders (SOs) on a spatio-temporal basis. Being fed by robust history and location data from a database provided by an energy utility that is using this innovative system, the algorithm automatically forecasts the number of SOs that will need to be executed in each location in several time steps (hourly, monthly and yearly basis). The forecasted emergency SOs demand, which is related to energy outages, are stochastically distributed, projecting the impacted consumers and its individual interruption indexes. This spatio-temporal forecasting is the main input for a web-based platform for optimal bases allocation, field team sizing and scheduling implemented in the eleven distribution utilities of Energisa group in Brazil.
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Neufeld, John L. "Price Discrimination and the Adoption of the Electricity Demand Charge". Journal of Economic History 47, n. 3 (settembre 1987): 693–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700049068.

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Between 1905 and 1915, as state price regulation became widespread, electric utilities in the United States faced severe competition. The primary source of electricity for industry then was not utilities but self-generation by the user in an “isolated plant.” The demand-charge rate structure first became widespread during this period. The demand-charge rate structure has been interpreted as a misapplication of the peak-load pricing principle, a view which has made its popularity a puzzle. Instead it was adopted as a sophisticated mechanism which institutionalized profit-maximizing price discrimination given the competition from isolated plants.
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Saes, Alexandre Macchione. "Modernizing Electric Utilities in Brazil: National vs. Foreign Capital, 1889–1930". Business History Review 87, n. 2 (2013): 229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680513000445.

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Signs of improvement in the early twentieth-century Brazilian economy enabled a process of urban renewal. One of the most visible features of Brazilian urban modernization was street and house lighting, as well as electricity for tramways and industry. Conflicts between the Canadian company Light and the Brazilian firm CBEE over the supply of urban electricity to Brazil's main economic centers—Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Salvador—mirror the contradictions in the country's capitalist formation during the first decades of the twentieth century. From an emerging market view, and through political debates, this article addresses the development of electric utilities in major Brazilian cities.
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Dewar, Kenneth C. "Private Electrical Utilities and Municipal Ownership in Ontario,1891-1900". Urban History Review 12, n. 1 (23 ottobre 2013): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1018994ar.

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In June, 1897, the electrical utility companies of Ontario launched their first organized offensive against municipal ownership. Their objective was to secure an amendment to the Ontario Municipal Act that would protect the vested interests of local utilities and perhaps slow the reform movement then gathering momentum throughout the province. Two years later, they achieved success in the form of the so-called "Conmee Clauses", requiring municipalities to buy out privately owned local electrical and gas utilities before inaugurating their own systems. The industry united behind the campaign only with difficulty. Its spokesmen expressed a view of the role of the state at once flexible in its conception of the limits of government regulation, and fixed in its perception of government's responsibility to protect fundamental business interests. In the short term, opponents of the legislation were unable to prevent its passage; in the long term, this dispute was but one episode in the conflict over municipal ownership which culminated in the establishment of the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario.
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Sevilla, Laura Lizondo. "Mies's Opaque Cube: The Electric Utilities Pavilion at the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 76, n. 2 (1 giugno 2017): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2017.76.2.197.

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Mies's Opaque Cube: The Electric Utilities Pavilion at the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition focuses on the dramatic, opaque, white cube-shaped building designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe for the German electricity industry's display at the exposition. Like many emblematic projects of modern architecture, the pavilion was created for a temporary exhibition and is known only through the photographic and graphic documentation of the era. Mies used the Electricity Supply Company Pavilion to experiment with a variety of ideas, including the use of photo murals and a new expression of structure and space, that featured in his later buildings. Through archival research, Laura Lizondo Sevilla has reconstructed this pavilion, the original plans for which no longer exist, and her article reinterprets the building's contribution to Mies's subsequent architecture.
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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Electric utilities – history"

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Evans, Thomas Edward 1947. "The corporatisation of a bureaucracy : the State Electricity Commission of Victoria 1982 to 1992". Monash University, Faculty of Business and Economics, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8379.

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Moore, Kevin L. "Lighting Up the Darkness: Electrification in Ohio, 1879-1945". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1363379469.

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Nönnig, Constanze. "Die Rolle kommunaler Elektrizitätsversorgungsunternehmen im Zentrum einer kooperativen Aufgabenerledigung zwischen Staat und Privatwirtschaft im Bereich der örtlichen Elektrizitätsversorgung". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-82205.

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Gegenstand der Dissertation ist die Verantwortung der Kommunen für die Versorgung der örtlichen Bevölkerung mit Elektrizität: Woraus kann sie hergeleitet werden, welche Konsequenzen ergeben sich aus ihr für die Kommunen und welche Bedeutung kommt hierbei der Kooperation mit der Privatwirtschaft zu? Die in drei Teile gegliederte Arbeit befasst sich in ihrem ersten Teil mit den allgemeinen Grundlagen und der Entwicklung kommunaler Elektrizitätsversorgungsunternehmen. Im zweiten Teil geht es um die gesetzlichen Zielvorgaben in der Elektrizitätswirtschaft und die kommunale Verantwortung für ihr Erreichen. Der dritte Teil schließlich befasst sich mit den Voraussetzungen kooperativer Staatstätigkeit und dem Potenzial der Anwendung von Kooperationsmodellen im Bereich der örtlichen Elektrizitätsversorgung
The dissertation ist focused on the responsibility of municipalities to supply local populations with electricity: Where can it be derived from, what consequences for municipalities arise from it and what role does the cooperation with private sector have in this context? The thesis is divided into three parts; the first part deals with the basic principles and the development of municipal electric utilities. The second part focuses on both statutory normative targets in the electricity supply industry and the municipality's responsibility to achieve them. Finally, the third part discusses the preconditions of cooperative government activity and the potential of cooperation models for application to local power supply
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Nönnig, Constanze. "Die Rolle kommunaler Elektrizitätsversorgungsunternehmen im Zentrum einer kooperativen Aufgabenerledigung zwischen Staat und Privatwirtschaft im Bereich der örtlichen Elektrizitätsversorgung". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsverlag der Technischen Universität Chemnitz, 2011. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A19647.

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Abstract (sommario):
Gegenstand der Dissertation ist die Verantwortung der Kommunen für die Versorgung der örtlichen Bevölkerung mit Elektrizität: Woraus kann sie hergeleitet werden, welche Konsequenzen ergeben sich aus ihr für die Kommunen und welche Bedeutung kommt hierbei der Kooperation mit der Privatwirtschaft zu? Die in drei Teile gegliederte Arbeit befasst sich in ihrem ersten Teil mit den allgemeinen Grundlagen und der Entwicklung kommunaler Elektrizitätsversorgungsunternehmen. Im zweiten Teil geht es um die gesetzlichen Zielvorgaben in der Elektrizitätswirtschaft und die kommunale Verantwortung für ihr Erreichen. Der dritte Teil schließlich befasst sich mit den Voraussetzungen kooperativer Staatstätigkeit und dem Potenzial der Anwendung von Kooperationsmodellen im Bereich der örtlichen Elektrizitätsversorgung.
The dissertation ist focused on the responsibility of municipalities to supply local populations with electricity: Where can it be derived from, what consequences for municipalities arise from it and what role does the cooperation with private sector have in this context? The thesis is divided into three parts; the first part deals with the basic principles and the development of municipal electric utilities. The second part focuses on both statutory normative targets in the electricity supply industry and the municipality's responsibility to achieve them. Finally, the third part discusses the preconditions of cooperative government activity and the potential of cooperation models for application to local power supply.
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AUBANELL, JUBANY Anna Maria. "La industria electrica y la electrificacion de la industria en Madrid entre 1890 y 1935". Doctoral thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5717.

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Defence date: 7 May 2001
Examining board: Albert Carreras Odriozola, Universitat Pompeu Fabra ; Peter Hertner, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, (supervisor) ; Jordi Malaquer de Motes Bernet, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, (supervisor) ; Jaime Reis, Instituto Universitario Europeo
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Libri sul tema "Electric utilities – history"

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Troy, Alan A. Louisiana electric utilities. Baton Rouge, La: Technology Assessment Division, Louisiana Dept. of Natural Resources, 1994.

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Stallings, Patricia. Serving the Southeast: A history of the Southeastern Power Administration 1990-2010. [Elberton, Ga.]: Distributed by US Department of Energy, Southeastern Power Administration, 2012.

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Wuan Shi gong dian gong si dian li zhi bian wei hui. Wuan dian li zhi (1957-2007): Wu an power history (1957-2007). [Wuan Shi: Wuan Shi gong dian gong si dian li zhi bian wei hui, 2007.

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Centro da Memória da Eletricidade no Brasil., a cura di. Energia elétrica no Brasil: Breve histórico 1880-2001 = Electric energy in Brazil : succincty history. Rio de Janeiro: O Centro, 2001.

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China). Dian li ju Yidu Xian (Hubei Sheng. Yidu dian li zhi (1926-1985). Place of publication not identified]: [Publisher not identified], 1988.

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McCarty, Jim. Bigger isn't always better: The history of Howard Electric Cooperative, 1936-2006. Virginia Beach, VA: Donning Company Publishers, 2006.

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Ross, John R. Salem Electric: Against the odds! Portland [Or.]: Carolina Pacific Pub., 1991.

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Swinger, Patricia. People helping people since 1945: The history of Gascosage Electric Cooperative. Virginia Beach: Donning Company Publishers, 2011.

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Śarma, Gajānana. Beḷakāyitu Karnāṭaka: Karnāṭakadalli vidyucchaktiya ugama mattu vikāsa. Heggōḍu, Sāgara, Karnāṭaka: Akṣara Prakāśana, 2003.

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Crotzer, Josh P. Power for progress: A history of Broad River Electric Cooperative. Virginia Beach, VA: The Donning Company Publishers, 2015.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Electric utilities – history"

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"A Brief History of the Electric Utilities Industry". In Fisher Investments on Utilities, 19–38. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119200451.ch2.

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"A History of the Electric Power Industry". In Understanding Electric Utilities and De-Regulation, 71–102. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420028263.ch3.

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Stokes, Leah Cardamore. "An Institutional History of Electricity Politics and Climate Inaction". In Short Circuiting Policy, 68–107. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190074258.003.0003.

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Chapter 3, examines the historical roots of the current conflict over the electricity system. Electric utilities have long held a privileged position in energy policy, controlling state regulatory bodies for most of the twentieth century. Early regulatory decisions surrounding electricity ownership and pricing structures paved the way for contemporary conflicts over renewable energy policies. Notably, utilities used their power to shape policy and technology to their advantage in three ways: they resisted innovation, they shaped the rate structure in ways that exacerbated environmental harms, and they denied the climate crisis and other environmental problems. Taking a historical view, we can see that the electricity system developed the way it did—with large, fossil fuel plants and expensive, privately owned, and poorly maintained electric grids—because it served the interests of these powerful private utilities. This chapter shows how utilities’ delay and denial have undermined progress on climate change.
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Hausman, William J., e John L. Neufeld. "US Foreign Direct Investment in Electric Utilities in the 1920s". In The Free Standing Company in the World Economy, 361–90. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198290322.003.0023.

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Abstract Considerable attention has been devoted to ‘researching the determinants of the growth of multinational enterprise over the last century ‘. Yet much more attention has been devoted to manufacturing, trading, and banking than to public utilities. This is certainly the case for US foreign investment in electric utilities, which has been a relatively neglected topic in the history of multinational enterprise. This is unfortunate for a number of reasons: (1) direct investment in electric utilities comprised a substantial component of US foreign direct investment in the period under study here; (2) these foreign investments were related, albeit indirectly, to an event of momentous significance in US economic history, the stock market boom and crash of the late 1920s; and (3) direct investment in electric utilities has again become a topic of discussion and action in the industry because of political and structural changes in the 1990s both in the USA and abroad. The purposes of this chapter are to establish the quantitative importance of US foreign direct investment in electric utilities, which was especially vigorous in the last half of the 1920s, to identify the businesses that made these investments, and to discuss the structure of these multinational businesses, including the extent to which they could be described as ‘freestanding companies ‘.
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Andersson, Curt. "Sweden: A Case of Lighter or Tighter Telecommunications Regulation?" In Regulation of Network Utilities, 121–40. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199244157.003.0006.

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Abstract Sweden was one of the early countries to introduce new telecommunications (telecoms) regulation, opening up to competition formally in 1993. This transition had a history of more than a decade during which business users, politicians, and the internal EEC debate played the roles of change agents. Business users were partly looking at the low US tariffs in comparison with practices elsewhere; but there was also an emerging need within multinational firms to take more detailed control of their telecoms systems. This was the case not least in the automotive industry, where electronic trading and just-in time delivery of parts were becoming crucial to the main business. In consequence, Volvo was one of the most active advocates of a more flexible system. Through the European Round Table of Industrialists, liberalization became a key issue also in discussions with the European Commission, which in its 1987 Green Paper drew up a framework for telecommunications as a competitive industry. The political interest in Sweden turned out to be spread across the field from conservatives and liberals to the social democrats, who were in power at the time when reforms were first envisaged.
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"Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment". In Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment, a cura di Amanda K. Hill. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874080.ch48.

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<em>Abstract</em>.-This paper presents a case study of a collaborative, watershed approach among hydroelectric utilities and natural resource agencies to restore diadromous fish stocks in the Santee River basin, a large Atlantic coast river. The basin once supported large populations of diadromous fish prior to the era of dam construction. A series of hydroelectric dams now block fish spawning migrations from the majority of the Santee River basin. Three of these hydroelectric projects are currently at various stages of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's relicensing process for non-federal hydroelectric dam projects. South Carolina Electric & Gas and Duke Energy Carolinas LLC, in concert with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, and the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, have developed the Santee River Basin Accord to address diadromous fish restoration in the basin. The Santee River Basin Accord utilizes a watershed approach to prioritize the Santee River basin's subbasins and determine the subbasin with the greatest potential for successful passage, spawning, and recruitment of diadromous fish. The process used water quality and quantity, spawning habitat, historic occurrence, quantity of riverine habitat, and the number of dams that fish must pass to access these habitats as the prioritization criteria. Based on these criteria, the Broad River subbasin was chosen as the priority subbasin. The Santee River Basin Accord will fund a 10-year restoration program for this subbasin that includes a hatchery-based restoration program, scientific studies, monitoring, and fish passage at dams that currently impeded spawning migrations. This watershed approach represents a collaborative and innovative method in the southeastern United States to manage and restore diadromous fish populations within a large river basin.
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Atti di convegni sul tema "Electric utilities – history"

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Higuchi, Makoto. "Comparison of Environmental Fatigue Evaluation Methods in LWR Water". In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61087.

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Many studies on the environmental fatigue of structural materials in LWR (Light Water Reactor) water have been carried out over the past 30 years. Early environmental fatigue tests were mainly carried out in Japan in the 1980s, and these results were reported to the ASME in 1988. After that, O. Chopra and W. Shack of ANL (Argonne National Laboratory) also carried out similar fatigue tests and reported that their data corresponded well to Japanese data. In the US, the PVRC (Pressure Vessel Research Council) started the CLEE Committee (Cyclic Life and Environmental Effect, Chair: Sumio Yukawa) for developing the environmental fatigue evaluation method in LWR water under the request from the ASME in 1991. This committee continued for 13 years and closed in 2004 after publishing the final report as WRC (Welding Research Council) Bulletin 487. After 1990 in Japan, the EFD Project (1993–1995) and the EFT Project (1994–2006) were carried out under the collaboration of electric utilities, plant vendors and government. A large number of environmental fatigue data have been generated in these projects, and these were offered to the US through the CLEE Committee. Based on Japanese and US fatigue data, environmental fatigue evaluation methods have been established in both countries that assess the effects of some parameters on fatigue life reduction in LWR water environments. This paper introduces the history of studies on the environmental fatigue in LWR water and the contributions of Sumio Yukawa to these activities. After that, the comparison of three major methods of environmental fatigue evaluation such as PVRC, JSME and MJREG/CR-6909 are reported.
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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Electric utilities – history"

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Haddad, J., L. A. Horta Nogueira, Germano Lambert-Torres e L. E. Borges da Silva. Energy Efficiency and Smart Grids for Low Carbon and Green Growth in Brazil: Knowledge Sharing Forum on Development Experiences: Comparative Experiences of Korea and Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, giugno 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007001.

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The Brazilian continental dimensions and diversified natural resources are proportional to the challenges to develop its infrastructure sustainably and supply proper public services to more than 200 million inhabitants. Energy consumption has doubled since 1990, fostered by economic growth and the expansion of middle class. In this context, promote energy efficiency, in a broad sense, is urgent and rational. Brazil has a relatively long history in promoting energy efficiency at final user level. A landmark of this process is the Brazilian Labeling Program, launched in 1984, as direct consequence of high prices of energy at that time. This program was coordinated by the National Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality, which sets standards for evaluation, ranks the performance of energy equipment and imposes a classificatory labeling to inform consumers, with a label similar to other countries. The National Electricity Conservation Program was created in 1985 by MME and is executed by ELETROBRÁS. The energy saving induced by this program in 2013 is equivalent to 2.1% of the total electric energy consumption in the period, corresponding to the annual energy consumption of about 5 million Brazilian households. In 2001, Federal Law 10,295, also known as the Energy Efficiency Law, was approved to reinforce those energy efficiency programs, allowing the Brazilian government to establish Minimum Energy Performance Standards for appliances and energy equipment, prohibiting the commercialization of low efficiency models and promoting the progressive withdrawal of low-efficiency models. According to the National Energy Plan 2030, up to 15.5 GW of electricity generation could be saved as a result of energy efficiency in the next 20 years. The Smart Grids, adopting modern technologies in electricity distribution has been proposed in Brazil improve the quality provided in the low voltage service, reduce losses, and reduce operating costs, among others. Several regulations related to this subject, dealing with grid connection for distributed small-scale generation, the establishment of the 'hourly tariff', with the regulation of the use of PLC; and with the compulsory use of Geographic Information System. Currently, dozens pilot projects on Smart Grids are underway in the country. Two projects are presented in detail: CEMIG and AES Eletropaulo, two Brazilian power utilities.
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Bray, Jonathan, Ross Boulanger, Misko Cubrinovski, Kohji Tokimatsu, Steven Kramer, Thomas O'Rourke, Ellen Rathje, Russell Green, Peter Robertson e Christine Beyzaei. U.S.—New Zealand— Japan International Workshop, Liquefaction-Induced Ground Movement Effects, University of California, Berkeley, California, 2-4 November 2016. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, marzo 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/gzzx9906.

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Abstract (sommario):
There is much to learn from the recent New Zealand and Japan earthquakes. These earthquakes produced differing levels of liquefaction-induced ground movements that damaged buildings, bridges, and buried utilities. Along with the often spectacular observations of infrastructure damage, there were many cases where well-built facilities located in areas of liquefaction-induced ground failure were not damaged. Researchers are working on characterizing and learning from these observations of both poor and good performance. The “Liquefaction-Induced Ground Movements Effects” workshop provided an opportunity to take advantage of recent research investments following these earthquake events to develop a path forward for an integrated understanding of how infrastructure performs with various levels of liquefaction. Fifty-five researchers in the field, two-thirds from the U.S. and one-third from New Zealand and Japan, convened in Berkeley, California, in November 2016. The objective of the workshop was to identify research thrusts offering the greatest potential for advancing our capabilities for understanding, evaluating, and mitigating the effects of liquefaction-induced ground movements on structures and lifelines. The workshop also advanced the development of younger researchers by identifying promising research opportunities and approaches, and promoting future collaborations among participants. During the workshop, participants identified five cross-cutting research priorities that need to be addressed to advance our scientific understanding of and engineering procedures for soil liquefaction effects during earthquakes. Accordingly, this report was organized to address five research themes: (1) case history data; (2) integrated site characterization; (3) numerical analysis; (4) challenging soils; and (5) effects and mitigation of liquefaction in the built environment and communities. These research themes provide an integrated approach toward transformative advances in addressing liquefaction hazards worldwide. The archival documentation of liquefaction case history datasets in electronic data repositories for use by the broader research community is critical to accelerating advances in liquefaction research. Many of the available liquefaction case history datasets are not fully documented, published, or shared. Developing and sharing well-documented liquefaction datasets reflect significant research efforts. Therefore, datasets should be published with a permanent DOI, with appropriate citation language for proper acknowledgment in publications that use the data. Integrated site characterization procedures that incorporate qualitative geologic information about the soil deposits at a site and the quantitative information from in situ and laboratory engineering tests of these soils are essential for quantifying and minimizing the uncertainties associated site characterization. Such information is vitally important to help identify potential failure modes and guide in situ testing. At the site scale, one potential way to do this is to use proxies for depositional environments. At the fabric and microstructure scale, the use of multiple in situ tests that induce different levels of strain should be used to characterize soil properties. The development of new in situ testing tools and methods that are more sensitive to soil fabric and microstructure should be continued. The development of robust, validated analytical procedures for evaluating the effects of liquefaction on civil infrastructure persists as a critical research topic. Robust validated analytical procedures would translate into more reliable evaluations of critical civil infrastructure iv performance, support the development of mechanics-based, practice-oriented engineering models, help eliminate suspected biases in our current engineering practices, and facilitate greater integration with structural, hydraulic, and wind engineering analysis capabilities for addressing multi-hazard problems. Effective collaboration across countries and disciplines is essential for developing analytical procedures that are robust across the full spectrum of geologic, infrastructure, and natural hazard loading conditions encountered in practice There are soils that are challenging to characterize, to model, and to evaluate, because their responses differ significantly from those of clean sands: they cannot be sampled and tested effectively using existing procedures, their properties cannot be estimated confidently using existing in situ testing methods, or constitutive models to describe their responses have not yet been developed or validated. Challenging soils include but are not limited to: interbedded soil deposits, intermediate (silty) soils, mine tailings, gravelly soils, crushable soils, aged soils, and cemented soils. New field and laboratory test procedures are required to characterize the responses of these materials to earthquake loadings, physical experiments are required to explore mechanisms, and new soil constitutive models tailored to describe the behavior of such soils are required. Well-documented case histories involving challenging soils where both the poor and good performance of engineered systems are documented are also of high priority. Characterizing and mitigating the effects of liquefaction on the built environment requires understanding its components and interactions as a system, including residential housing, commercial and industrial buildings, public buildings and facilities, and spatially distributed infrastructure, such as electric power, gas and liquid fuel, telecommunication, transportation, water supply, wastewater conveyance/treatment, and flood protection systems. Research to improve the characterization and mitigation of liquefaction effects on the built environment is essential for achieving resiliency. For example, the complex mechanisms of ground deformation caused by liquefaction and building response need to be clarified and the potential bias and dispersion in practice-oriented procedures for quantifying building response to liquefaction need to be quantified. Component-focused and system-performance research on lifeline response to liquefaction is required. Research on component behavior can be advanced by numerical simulations in combination with centrifuge and large-scale soil–structure interaction testing. System response requires advanced network analysis that accounts for the propagation of uncertainty in assessing the effects of liquefaction on large, geographically distributed systems. Lastly, research on liquefaction mitigation strategies, including aspects of ground improvement, structural modification, system health monitoring, and rapid recovery planning, is needed to identify the most effective, cost-efficient, and sustainable measures to improve the response and resiliency of the built environment.
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