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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Elasticity of substitution"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 3 marzo 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Elasticity of substitution"

Soper, C. S. "THE ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION". Economic Record 41, n. 96 (28 giugno 2008): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1965.tb03100.x.

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Kang, Kichun. "Substitution Elasticity and Gains from Trade Variety in South Korea". Journal of Korea Trade 26, n. 7 (30 novembre 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35611/jkt.2022.26.7.1.

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Headley, J. C. "Elasticity of Substitution: Some Confusion". Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 30, n. 1 (13 novembre 2008): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7976.1982.tb01966.x.

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Miyagiwa, Kaz, e Chris Papageorgiou. "Endogenous aggregate elasticity of substitution". Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 31, n. 9 (settembre 2007): 2899–919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2006.06.009.

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Growiec, Jakub, e Jakub Mućk. "ISOELASTIC ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS". Macroeconomic Dynamics 24, n. 7 (28 febbraio 2019): 1597–634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100518000950.

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We generalize the normalized constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function by allowing the elasticity of substitution to vary isoelastically with (i) the relative factor share, (ii) the marginal rate of substitution, (iii) the capital–labor ratio, (iv) the capital share, (v) the capital’s rate of return, or (vi) the capital–output ratio. Ensuing isoelastic elasticity of substitution (IEES) functions have intuitively and analytically desirable properties, for example, self-duality. Empirically, for the post-war US economy we robustly reject the CES specification in favor of the IEES alternative. Assuming the IEES production structure we find that the capital–labor elasticity of substitution has remained around 0.8–0.9 from 1948 to the 1980s, followed by a period of secular decline.

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Nakamura, Hideki, e Masakatsu Nakamura. "CONSTANT-ELASTICITY-OF-SUBSTITUTION PRODUCTION FUNCTION". Macroeconomic Dynamics 12, n. 5 (novembre 2008): 694–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100508070302.

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We consider endogenous changes of inputs from labor to capital in the production of intermediate goods, i.e., a form of mechanization. We derive complementary relationships between capital accumulation and mechanization by assuming a Cobb–Douglas production function for the production of final goods from intermediate goods. A constant-elasticity-of-substitution production function in which the elasticity of substitution exceeds unity can be endogenously derived as the envelope of Cobb–Douglas production functions when the efficiency of inputs is assumed in a specific form. The difficulty of mechanization represents the elasticity of substitution.

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McManus, Walter S. "Aggregation and “The” Elasticity of Substitution". American Economist 32, n. 2 (ottobre 1988): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/056943458803200206.

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Semieniuk, Gregor. "Piketty’s Elasticity of Substitution: A Critique". Review of Political Economy 29, n. 1 (2 gennaio 2017): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09538259.2016.1244916.

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Blackorby, Charles, Daniel Primont e R. Robert Russell. "The Morishima gross elasticity of substitution". Journal of Productivity Analysis 28, n. 3 (30 maggio 2007): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11123-007-0053-7.

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Reynolds, Douglas B. "Entropy and diminishing elasticity of substitution". Resources Policy 25, n. 1 (marzo 1999): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4207(99)00007-0.

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Tesi sul tema "Elasticity of substitution"

Cundy, Lance Deloyce. "Essays on the elasticity of intertemporal substitution". Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6090.

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This dissertation estimates the elasticity of intertemporal substitution (EIS) of consumption using the Nielsen Consumer Panel. The Nielsen Consumer Panel is built from transactional data that follows households in the United States and their grocery purchases from 2004 to 2014. Because of the transactional nature of the dataset, there is a low source of measurement error in consumption, and aggregation bias can be minimized. Due to changes in the economy during this timeframe, the data is examined for structural breaks. The data suggests evidence for two structural changes in the U.S. economy leading to three regimes. The first regime, 2004 to 2006, was a period of economic expansion, while the second regime, 2007 and 2008, was a period of recession. Lastly, during the third regime, 2009 to 2014, the economy exhibited quantitative easing. Chapter 1 introduces the EIS and provides an overview of the literature. In Chapter 2, the EIS is estimated for each regime using expected utility with linearized Epstein-Zin preferences and by the use of fixed effects and instrumental variables. In order to estimate the EIS, consumption is aggregated weekly, and consumption growth is measured over a four-week time period in order to match four-week Treasury bills. This study adds to the literature by examining individual EIS during different periods of economic activity. With a more complete dataset that has less measurement error and aggregation bias than the existing literature, this study gives evidence of a small and negative EIS during a period of expansion, a small and positive EIS during a period of recession, and a large and positive EIS during quantitative easing. Lastly, Chapter 3 extends Chapter 2 by assuming quantile utility preferences instead of the expected utility framework. The quantile EIS is estimated by the use of a smooth instrumental variables method of moments estimator. Estimates give evidence of heterogeneity of the EIS in the periods of expansion and quantitative easing. These quantile results can be used to inform the theory behind the EIS and quantile models of rational behavior.

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Jung, Jione. "Understanding the compas model assumptions, structure, and elasticity of substitution /". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004225.

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Zamparelli, Luca. "Five essays on Neoclassical and Neo-Schumpeterian growth theory". Doctoral thesis, La Sapienza, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/916889.

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Gamlath, Sharmila. "Essays on variable elasticity of substitution, economic growth, and human capital outcomes". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/97976/1/Sharmila_Gamlath_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis uses alternative approaches to the modelling of technology and preferences to examine several macroeconomic issues. The diverse explorations carried out in the thesis make a novel contribution to the macroeconomics literature by providing interesting insights into the underlying factors that determine the manner in which growth, inequality, and political economy outcomes evolve in an economy over time. The results show that the degree of substitutability between resources in an economy is a major determinant of long-run economic outcomes, and hence carry some important implications for government policies relating to economic growth and human capital accumulation.

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Wilson, Gregory Arthur. "Labor Substitution in U.S. Manufacturing". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31108.

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This paper presents a translog model designed to estimate the elasticity of substitution between capital, non-production workers, and production workers using U.S. manufacturing data for the period 1988 to 1997. The elasticity of substitution estimates derived from the translog model suggest that production workers and capital are substitutes, as well as non-production and production workers. Although the estimates do not provide conclusive evidence regarding the degree of substitutability between non-production workers and capital, they do indicate that the degree of substitutability between production workers and capital is greater than it is between non-production workers and capital.
Master of Arts

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Mao, Qi. "The elasticity of substitution for US energy price changes between 1947 and 2010". Thesis, Kingston University, 2017. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/41957/.

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Since energy price changes have been studies by much literature, this thesis tries to discuss it through the elasticity of substitution. More importantly, this thesis finds that the substitution effect itself cannot completely interpret the phenomenon of energy price changes. This is based on the results of the estimation of the AES, the MES and the CES, as well as some previous studies' results of negative substitution elasticities. This thesis adopts VECM, ADL and panel data as methodologies. Different data is also colelcted and analyzed. Most of the AES estimates are negative and the CES estimation shows many negative elasticities as well. The estimated elasticities from the MES and the Panel dta CES are positive. Out positive elasticities from the MES may are consistent with the previous literature that finds the MES estimation method is better than AES. The negative elasticities of susbtitution as the substitution effects are usually followed by income effects. Based on literature view, if income effects are involved in the energy price changes between energy exporting and importing countries, it may lead to new policy making and application. In addition, there are some other findings: (1) an application approach is used to test the cointegration when variables include I(0), I(1) and share variables. This approach is different from Pesaran, Shin and Smith's (2001) ARDL method which is involved I(0) and I(1) variables. However, in the application, the data being used covers share variables. Share variables sum to unity so they have collinearity. New procedures (ADL) are adopted to solve the problem of collinearity in econometric application. This then allows to analyze I(0), I(1) and share variables together in the model. This is one of our contributions in econometric VECM application. (2) By the literature review in Chapter 4, it's found that the elasticities of substitution vary from economies. Since some economies do not share free flow of capital, labor or energy, their substitution elasticities cannot be estimated as a whole. The different sustitution elasticities in each country show that, when selecting the data, we may refer to a region or a country with a common free flow market for capital, labor and energy. (3) Different data is used in the application. Previous literature uses the data of the UK or other countries to analyze the Allen's elasticity of substitution (AES), or the US data in the period different from that in this study, or uses the familiar data but in technology forecasting. Importantly, the empirical analysis uses the US data to test the Allen's elasticity of substitution (AES) and the constant elasticity of substitution (CES), in order to explore negative estimates of the substitution elasticity.

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Knoblach, Michael, e Fabian Stöckl. "What determines the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor? A literature review". Technische Universität Dresden, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32679.

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This paper reviews the status quo of the empirical and theoretical literature on the determinants of the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor. Our focus is on the two-input constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function. By example of the U.S., we highlight the distinctive heterogeneity in empirical estimates of σ at both the aggregate and industrial level and discuss potential methodological explanations for this variation. The main part of this survey then focuses on the determinants of σ. We first review several approaches to the microfoundation of production functions, especially the CES production function. Second, we outline the construction of an aggregate elasticity of substitution (AES) in a multi-sectoral framework and investigate its dependence on underlying sectoral elasticities. Third, we discuss the influence of the institutional framework on the determination of σ. The concluding section of this review identifies a number of potential empirical and theoretical avenues for future research. Overall, we demonstrate that the effective elasticity of substitution (EES), which is typically estimated in empirical studies, is generally not an immutable deep parameter but depends on a multitude of technological, non-technological and institutional determinants.

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Miller, Noah James. "Estimating elasticities of input substitution using data envelopment analysis". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27656.

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Master of Science
Agricultural Economics
Jason S. Bergtold
The use of elasticities of substitution between inputs has become the standard method for addressing the effect of a change in the mix of input used for production from a technological or cost standpoint. (Chambers 1988) A researcher that wants to estimate this elasticity, or some other comparative static, typically would do so using parametric production or cost function (e.g. translog or normalized quadratic) with panel data. For a study with only cross-sectional data, the construction of such a function may be problematic. Using a dual approach, a nonparametric alternative in such a situation may be the use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Cooper et al. (2000) provided a methodology for estimating elasticities of substitution for the technical production problem using DEA. To our knowledge, this has not been extended to the cost efficiency problem, which would be equivalent to estimating Allen partial or Morishima elasticities of substitution between inputs using a cost function (or cost minimization framework). The purpose of this thesis is to show how elasticities of substitution can be derived and estimated for the technical production and cost (overall economic) efficiency DEA under variable returns to scale. In addition, an empirical example using Kansas Farm Management Association (KFMA) data is presented to illustrate the estimation of these elasticities. The results showed that input substitutability is relatively limited at the enterprise level

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Baskurt, Ozge. "Financial Dollarization And Currency Substitution In Turkey". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606172/index.pdf.

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This study aims to investigate currency substitution and financial dollarization in Turkey. The extend of dollarization in Turkey appears to be very high according to both the conventional currency substitution and the recently developed financial dollarization measures. This has serious policy implications as a source of financial fragility through currency/maturity mismatches and balance sheet effects. The empirical part of this study contained an investigation of the long run relationships between the variables in a system containing currency substitution ratio, expected exchange rate change and rates of return on domestic and foreign currency denominated assets. The results of the Johansen cointegration analysis based on quarterly data for the 1987-2004 period appeared not to be strongly supporting the General Portfolio Balance Model (GPBM). The theoretical part of this study suggests that the GPBM can be reduced to the Sequential Portfolio Balance Model (SPBM) under the uncovered interest parity (UIP) hypothesis. Consequently, the GPBM may be misleading under UIP. The Johansen cointegration results suggested the validity of the UIP for the Turkish data. The estimation of the SPBM suggested that there is a long-run relationship between currency substitution and expected exchange rate change in Turkey. The elasticity of currency substitution appeared to be high but consistent with those estimated for other high inflation developing countries. The results further supported the presence of a ratchet/hysteresis effect proxied by a trend variable. All these results are consistent with the argument that currency substitution and financial dollarization are important especially in high inflation countries.

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Knoblach, Michael, Martin Rößler e Patrick Zwerschke. "The Elasticity of Factor Substitution Between Capital and Labor in the U.S. Economy: A Meta-Regression Analysis". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-210681.

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The elasticity of factor substitution between capital and labor is a crucial parameter in many economic fields. However, despite extensive research, there is no agreement on its value. Utilizing 738 estimates from 41 studies published between 1961 and 2016, this paper provides the first meta-regression analysis of capital-labor substitution elasticities for the U.S. economy. We show that heterogeneity in reported estimates is driven by the choice of estimation equations, the modeling of technological dynamics, and data characteristics. Based on the underlying meta-regression sample and a "best practice" specification, we estimate a long-run elasticity in the range of 0.6 to 0.7. For all estimated elasticities the hypothesis of a Cobb-Douglas production function is rejected.

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Libri sul tema "Elasticity of substitution"

Bodenstein, Martin. Trade elasticity of substitution and equilibrium dynamics. Washington, D.C: Federal Reserve Board, 2008.

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Gruber, Jonathan. A tax-based estimate of the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Vissing-Jorgensen, Annette. Limited asset market participation and the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.

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McDaniel, Christine A. A discussion on Armington trade substitution elasticities. Washington, DC: Office of Economics, U.S. International Trade Commission, 2002.

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Patterson, K. D. The intertemporal elasticity of substitution in consumption in the US and the UK. Reading: University of Reading, Department of Economics, 1992.

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Young, Alwyn. Paasche vs. Laspeyres: The elasticity of substitution and bias in measures of TFP growth. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.

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Griffith, Daniel A. Simulating K=3 Christaller central place structures: An algorithm using a constant elasticity of substitution consumption function. [Ann Arbor, MI]: Institute of Mathematical Geography, Michigan Document Services, 1989.

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Abrego, Lisandro. Demand side considerations and the trade and wages debate. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.

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Qian, Ying. Application of flexible functional forms to substitutability among metals in U.S. industries. Washington, DC: International Commodity Markets, International Economics Dept., World Bank, 1990.

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Bairam, Erkin. Technical progress, elasticity of substitution and returns to scale in branches of Soviet industry: Some new empirical evidence using Soviet republic data, 1961-74. Hull: University of Hull, 1986.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Elasticity of substitution"

Helm, D. R. "Elasticity of Substitution". In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 3581–83. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_468.

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Helm, D. R. "Elasticity of Substitution". In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–3. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_468-1.

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Helm, D. R. "Elasticity of Substitution". In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–3. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_468-2.

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Bliss, Christopher. "Elasticity of Intertemporal Substitution". In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 3577–81. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_2560.

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Bliss, Christopher. "Elasticity of Intertemporal Substitution". In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–6. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2560-1.

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Gapinski, James H., e T. Krishna Kumar. "On Estimating the Elasticity of Factor Substitution by Nonlinear Least Squares". In Advanced Studies in Theoretical and Applied Econometrics, 157–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3677-5_9.

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Ogaki, Masao, e Andrew Atkeson. "Rate of Time Preference, Intertemporal Elasticity of Substitution, and Level of Wealth". In Behavioral Interactions, Markets, and Economic Dynamics, 229–47. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55501-8_8.

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Muellbauer, John. "Estimating the intertemporal elasticity of substitution for consumption from household budget data". In International Studies in Economics and Econometrics, 45–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3591-4_4.

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Zhang, Chengjie, Sheng Zheng e Yuzhe Wu. "Elasticity of Substitution Between Capital and Land in Housing Market, the Case of Xi’an, China". In Lecture Notes in Operations Research, 859–70. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5256-2_67.

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Kosheleva, Olga, Vladik Kreinovich e Thongchai Dumrongpokaphan. "How to Explain Ubiquity of Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) Production and Utility Functions Without Explicitly Postulating CES". In Robustness in Econometrics, 89–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50742-2_6.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Elasticity of substitution"

Buari, T. A., Festus Olutoge e G. M. Ayininuola. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF SELF CONSOLIDATING HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETES (SCHPCS) INCORPORATING GSA AS SCM". In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/aktq7222.

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This experimental work evaluates the relationship between compressive strength and modulus of Elasticity of self-consolidating High performance concrete (SCHPC) containing high volume of Groundnut Shell Ash (GSA) up to 40% substitution as SCM. A total of 210 specimens of the GSA blended SCHPCs comprising 105 cubes (100 x100 mm) and 105 cylinders (150x300 mm) were cured in water for 7,14,28 ,56, 92,120 and 180 days hydration periods and the compressive strength and Modulus of elasticity determined. The linear relationships were studied with regression analysis. The findings revealed that all the mixes met the Modulus of Elasticity values requirement of 18,000N/mm2 to 42,000N/mm2 and the compressive results show that three substitution levels of 0%, 10% and 20% attained the proposed design strength (40-130 Mpa) and also satisfied the requirement for self-consolidating and high strength concretes. In conclusion, 0%-20% GSA substitutions (SCHPCA0-SCHPCA20) indicated a strong linear relationship with regressions values obtained varies between 0.842 and 0.954 for the two variables. Addition of GSA as SCM has improved the mechanical properties of SCHPC and creates a strong relationship between the compressive strength and Modulus of Elasticity.

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Shi, Guo-Jun, e Mao-Lin Cheng. "Application of An Extended Constant Elasticity of Substitution Production Function Model". In Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Conference on Management, Economics and Social Development (ICMESD 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmesd-19.2019.9.

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Szomolányi, Karol, Martin Lukáčik e Adriana Lukáčiková. "ESTIMATE OF THE ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION IN SLOVAK ECONOMY – A FREQUENCY FILTER SUR MODEL". In 10th Economics & Finance Conference, Rome. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/efc.2018.010.035.

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Puspita, Fitri Maya, Melisa Ulina, Evi Yuliza e Sisca Octarina. "Mathematical model of information service pricing scheme based on utility functions of constant elasticity of substitution". In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0096035.

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"The Elasticity of Capital - Land Substitution in the Housing Construction Sector of a Rapidly Urbanized City: Case Study of Ankara". In 10th European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2003. ERES, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2003_150.

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Muhodir, Sabih. "An Experimental Study On Concrete Containing Nano And/Or Micro Silica". In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.140.

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The effect of using Portland cement, nano silica (NS) and /or micro silica on the mechanical and physical properties of concretes containing fine aggregate only is investigated. Two groups divided into five series each have been designed and tested. The first group was containing the nano-silica only, while the second group contained different ratios of nano silica and a constant content of 8 % of silica fume (SF) (by weight) as partial replacement of cement. Water cementations ratio (w/c) of all mixtures was constant and equal to 0.22. The cement content in all series was 800 kg/m3. Commercially available nano silica (NS) was used in the mixture for the partial substitution of cement at ratios of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2 and 3% by weight. It was found that the addition of nano –silica is significantly enhance compressive, tensile and modulus of elasticity of concrete. From the test results obtained it has been noted that the mix containing 2 % possess significantly improved mechanical properties, furthermore, the group samples of concrete containing binary cementations nano-silica and silica fume showed better results than concrete containing nano silica only.

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Zaleska, Martina, Milena Pavlikova, Adam Pivak e Zbysek Pavlik. "THERMAL INSULATION REPAIR LIME PLASTER WITH PERLITE - FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS AND SALT CRYSTALLIZATION RESISTANCE". In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/6.1/s26.27.

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The aim of the presented work was to develop and evaluate the novel thermal insulation plaster intended for repair and renovation application. The thermal parameters of the reference lime plaster were enhanced with the substitution of 50 vol. % of silica sand with expanded perlite. The hardened plasters were characterized by their specific density, bulk density, total open porosity, compressive strength, flexural strength, and dynamic modulus of elasticity. The thermal conductivity and the volumetric heat capacity were investigated as well. As the studied plasters should find use in repair of salt-laden masonry, the specific attention was paid to the assessment of their durability in terms of resistance to salt damage. Plasters were subjected to the accelerated laboratory salt crystallization test that consisted of ten wetting/drying cycles, where the used salt was sodium chloride. For comparison, the same process was performed with distilled water. The salt crystallization resistance was evaluated using the photographical observations and the measurement of the residual compressive strength. The results obtained showed that the use of expanded perlite allows the development of the lightweight repair plaster with sufficient mechanical parameters and improved thermal insulation properties. Moreover, the high porosity of lime-perlite plaster has contributed to its great durability against salt crystallization.

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Ottnad, Thomas, Henrik Lüßmann e Tim C. Lueth. "A Simple Flexible Plate for Usage as Force Sensor Element With Constant Stiffness". In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63571.

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Control of pressure is one of the most decisive parameters influencing the quality and reproducibility of products when dealing with plastics producing techniques such as injection molding, extrusion, and related techniques. For that purpose different types of pressure sensors for specific tasks come into action. Different tasks can be different working pressure ranges, static or dynamic pressure, working temperatures and requirements concerning the environment. Therefore different types of pressure sensors are commonly used which most often transform mechanical deformation into electrical signals and these in turn are converted into the value of pressure. This in turn can mean extensive effort for installation and insulation of the pressure sensors. An approach to design a pressure sensor based solely on its mechanical deformation is basic idea of the present work. The pressure sensor consists of a flexible element which is in fact a thin plate with a ram on its outer side and can be clamped easily at any desired area on a melt channel. When being applied to pressure the working pressure causes a deflection of the flexible element. Measuring this deflection and knowing the mechanical behavior of the flexible element allows the calculation of the value of pressure. To get to know to the mechanical behavior, especially the stiffness, of the flexible element a test rig was designed and refined. In the test rig as substitution of the pressure variable but defined load can be applied using a piezo-electrical actuator with integrated position sensor. Measuring the applied force using a force sensor and measuring the resulting deflection of the flexible element using a length gauge allows to calculate the stiffness of the flexible element. Regarding the flexible element as Kirchhoff plate a constant stiffness is expected and this could be proven taking measurements. When taking a look at the deflection of the piezo-electrical actuator and the flexible element there is a difference due to the elasticity of the test rig itself. When determining the stiffness of the test rig a non-constant stiffness was detected which was not expected. Reason for that is the non-constant stiffness of the used force sensor though stated other by the manufacturer. This could be proven substituting the force sensor with the flexible element. With that the flexible element showed to be appropriate to be used as force sensor with a constant stiffness.

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Bratton, Tom. "A COUPLED PETROPHYSICAL AND GEOMECHANICAL WORKFLOW TO INTERPRET DIPOLE SONIC VELOCITIES FOR IN-SITU STRESS". In 2021 SPWLA 62nd Annual Logging Symposium Online. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2021-0116.

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Petrophysicists often find sonic velocities difficult to interpret, especially when choosing values for the mineral and fluid endpoints. This difficulty is always caused by stress sensitive formations where dipole sonic velocities vary with stress, even when the petrophysical properties are constant. The goal of this coupled workflow is to quantify the compositional influences of porosity, mineralogy, and fluids, while isolating and quantifying the geomechanical influence of stress. I first estimate the petrophysical properties using a standard multi-mineral petrophysical solver void of sonic inputs. This allows one to independently observe and quantify variations in both compressional and shear velocities with variations in petrophysical properties. I then normalize the sonic velocities to an idealized formation having compositional properties constant with depth by applying both matrix and fluid substitution algorithms. If these normalized velocities are constant with depth, then the formations are insensitive to stress, and I apply the standard petrophysical workflow using the measured sonic inputs. In addition, the standard geomechanical workflow that assumes linear elasticity is appropriate to estimate the in-situ stresses. However, if the normalized velocities vary with depth, the formations are sensitive to stress, which requires modifications to both the standard petrophysical and geomechanical workflows. Specifically, one must quantify and remove the velocity variations due to stress or else misinterpret velocity changes due to stress for changes in petrophysical properties. For formations sensitive to stress, I quantify the stress sensitivity by using the observed change in normalized velocity with depth with an estimate of the change in stress with depth. I then compute a second velocity normalization that quantifies and removes the acoustical sensitivity to stress in favor of a constant reference stress. I can now more accurately quantify the petrophysical properties by including the stress normalized velocities in the multi-mineral petrophysical solver. At this point in the workflow, there are two methods for quantifying the in-situ horizontal stress. The first method uses the velocities normalized to the constant reference stress to compute the dynamic elastic moduli. These dynamic elastic moduli are now appropriate to input into the standard geomechanical workflow. The second method uses the velocities normalized for the changing petrophysical properties, together with the stress sensitivity coefficients, to directly invert the velocities for the in-situ horizontal stresses. A comparison between the two methods supplies a consistency check. I emphasize both methods require in-situ horizontal stress calibration data for correct results. To clearly illustrate the workflow, this paper specifies the mathematical formulations with example calculations. This coupled workflow is novel because it highlights and clarifies improper assumptions while acknowledging the rock physics of stress sensitive formations. In the process, it improves the accuracy of both the derived petrophysical properties and geomechanical stresses.

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Bockeria, Leo A., Gennady I. Kiknadze, Andrei V. Agafonov, Ivan A. Gachechiladze e Alexander Y. Gorodkov. "Application of Tornado-Flow Fundamental Hydrodynamic Theory to the Study of Blood Flow in the Heart and Main Vessels: Design of New Implantable and Accessory Devices for Cardiovascular Surgery". In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87403.

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The study of the hydrodynamic structure of Tornado-like swirling viscous flows has proved that these flows possess a strictly organized laminar structure which can be exhaustively described using the exact solution of nonstationary Navier-Stocks and Continuity equations [6]. The flows of this type belong to the class of quasi-potential self-organizing swirling flows that serve the restoration of equilibrium in nature. These flows are characterized by a high efficiency of medium transportation while the energy losses are minimized. This is manifested in a significant decrease of hydrodynamic resistance and special organization of the boundary layer. Recent studies performed in Bakulev Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery (Moscow, RF) have proved that the structure of blood flow corresponds to the class of Tornado-like swirling flows. This allows modeling the optimum geometry of the surgically reconstructed flow channel of the heart and major arteries in order to exclude excessive flow disturbances. Most currently used substituting implantable devices contacting with the blood do not take into account the peculiar hydrodynamic properties of blood flow in the heart and great vessels. This leads to the formation of undesirable disturbance of the hydrodynamic flow structure, i.e. stagnant or separation zones, which can create conditions for thrombus formation and hyperplasia. Therefore, the exact solution can serve as a basis for the design of implantable devices contacting with blood flow without significant distortion of its structure. The following devices have been proposed. - The aortic valve prosthesis, whose flowing surface has a convergent circular cross-section in the open position. Use of this prosthesis should provide significant reduction in the intensity of anticoagulant therapy after implantation. - Blood vessel prosthesis with radial elasticity and convergent shape in accordance with the replaced section of artery. - Circulatory assist device, whose working chamber contains directing profile on the inner surface corresponding to the Tornado-like flow streamlines. - Hydrodynamic bench for physical modeling of the Tornado-like flow with specified characteristics, allowing testing of implantable devices contacting with blood flow under physiological conditions. The implantable devices for cardiovascular surgery designed on the basis of exact solutions of nonstationary hydrodynamics equations for the Tornado-like swirling flows will be more effective and safe, will reduce the rehabilitation time, and improve the quality of life of patients after surgery.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Elasticity of substitution"

Best, Michael Carlos, James Cloyne, Ethan Ilzetzki e Henrik Kleven. Estimating the Elasticity of Intertemporal Substitution Using Mortgage Notches. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, agosto 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24948.

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Vissing-Jorgensen, Annette. Limited Asset Market Participation and the Elasticity of Intertemporal Substitution. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, aprile 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8896.

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Gruber, Jonathan. A Tax-Based Estimate of the Elasticity of Intertemporal Substitution. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, gennaio 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11945.

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Roy, Joyashree, Alan H. Sanstad, Jayant A. Sathaye e Raman Khaddaria. Substitution and price elasticity estimates using inter-countrypooled data in a translog cost model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/918551.

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Young, Alwyn. Paasche vs. Laspeyres: The Elasticity of Substitution and Bias in Measures of TFP Growth. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, luglio 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6663.

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Nevo, Aviv, e Arlene Wong. The Elasticity of Substitution Between Time and Market Goods: Evidence from the Great Recession. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, luglio 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21318.

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Tohamy, Soumaya M., e J. Wilson Mixon. The Use of Cobb-Douglas and Constant Elasticity of Substitution Utility Functions to Illustrate Consumer Theory. Bristol, UK: The Economics Network, giugno 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.53593/n142a.

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