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Bibliografie tematiche / Elastic optical systems

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Elastic optical systems"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 1 giugno 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Elastic optical systems":

1

Díaz-de-Anda, A., J. Flores, L. Gutiérrez, R. A. Méndez-Sánchez, G. Monsivais e A. Morales. "Emergence of acoustic and optical bands in elastic systems". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 134, n. 6 (dicembre 2013): 4393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4828822.

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2

Giamarchi, T., R. Chitra e P. Le Doussal. "Disordered elastic systems and electronic crystals". Journal de Physique IV 12, n. 9 (novembre 2002): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20020415.

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Electrons can crystallize to form a Wigner crystal. This crystallization is particularly effective in two dimensions. The effect of disorder on such electronic crystals can be taken into account using the same techniques and concepts, in particular the notion of Bragg glass phase, than the one developed to tackle classical disordered elastic systems. We analyze the properties of such a disordered Wigner crystal and discuss the physical consequences, both for the thermodynamics (compressibility etc.) and for the transport properties. This approach allows a good description of the optical conductivity and in particular to obtain correctly the density and field dependence of the pinning frequency. Relevance to experimental systems is discussed.

3

Magerramov, Vagif Ali, e Mehman Huseyn Hasanov. "DYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF ELASTIC PLATE OPTICAL SWITCH DRIVES". SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 6, n. 3 (2020): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2020-6-2-20-23.

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The methods and means of improving the efficiency and the parameters of the dynamic parameters of the elastic plate of the optical commutator drive using advanced information and telecommunication technologies are analyzed. The bandwidth of optical communication networks based on systems with flat spring-loaded optical drive switch rods is investigated. On the basis of the study, the dynamic parameters of the elastic plate of the optical commutator drive are proposed a structural-functional scheme of a system with flat spring-loaded plates and linear algebraic equations for the dynamics of an elastic plate with the aid of which the equation for small oscillations of a rod near a rectilinear position is compiled. The equations of dynamics of systems with flat spring-loaded optical drive switch rods are considered and determined. On the basis of the system-technical analysis, a general integral of the spring deflection equation is determined. With the help of the solution, the equation for the dynamics of an elastic plate obtained a mathematical expression of the displacement of the upper end of the rod vertically of the spring-loaded drive system of the optical commutator.

4

Salamatov, E. I. "Elastic-energy propagation in mesoscopic systems". physica status solidi (b) 250, n. 9 (10 luglio 2013): 1932–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201349036.

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5

Syms, R. R. A. "Principles of free-space optical microelectromechanical systems". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 222, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2008): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes662.

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Optical microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) combine miniature optical components with precision fixtures, elastic suspensions, and microactuators, and allow complex functionality at low cost. However, the effect of the bounded nature of the beams propagating through the system on design is profound. The current paper reviews the fundamental consequences. Using a Gaussian beam formulation, models of guided modes in gradient index media, bounded beams and imaging components are constructed. Propagation algorithms are described. The alignment tolerances for common component trains such as fibre-to-fibre and beam-to-fibre connections are derived, limits on the curvature of reflecting surfaces are established, the scaling laws of free-space optical MEMS are presented and the effect of beam size on filter performance is clarified. Examples such as variable optical attenuators, optical cross-connect switches, filters and tunable lasers are discussed.

6

Kuma, S. G., e M. M. Woldemariam. "First principle study of structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of Pb0.5Sn0.5TiO3 and Pb0.5Sn0.5Ti0.5(Zr0.5)O3". Condensed Matter Physics 24, n. 1 (marzo 2021): 13702. http://dx.doi.org/10.5488/cmp.24.13702.

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The structural, electronic, elastic and optical properties of tetragonal (P4mm) phase of Pb0.5Sn0.5TiO3 (PSTO) and Pb0.5Sn0.5Ti0.5(Zr0.5)O3 (PSTZO) are examined by first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) using the pseudo-potential plane wave (PP-PW) scheme in the frame of generalized gradient approximation (GGA). We have calculated the ground state properties such as equlibrium lattice constants, volume, bulk modulus and its pressure derivative. From elastic constants, mechanical parameters such as anisotropy factor, elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio are obtained from the Voigt-Reuss-Hill average approximation. Rather than their averages, the directional dependence of elastic modulus, and Poisson's ratio are modelled and visualized in the light of the elastic properties of both systems. In addition, some novel results, such as Debye temperatures, and sound velocities are obtained. Moreover, we have presented the results of the electronic band structure, densities of states and charge densities. These results were in favourable agreement with the existing theoretical data. The optical dielectric function and energy loss spectrum of both systems are also computed. Born effective charge (BEC) of each atoms for both systems is computed from functional perturbation theory (DFPT). Finally, the spontaneous polarization is also determined from modern theory of polarization to be 0.8662 C/m2 (PSTO) and 1.0824 C/m2 (PSTZO).

7

Markowski, Marcin. "Heuristic algorithms for joint optimization of unicast and anycast traffic in elastic optical network–based large–scale computing systems". International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 27, n. 3 (1 settembre 2017): 605–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amcs-2017-0043.

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AbstractIn recent years elastic optical networks have been perceived as a prospective choice for future optical networks due to better adjustment and utilization of optical resources than is the case with traditional wavelength division multiplexing networks. In the paper we investigate the elastic architecture as the communication network for distributed data centers. We address the problems of optimization of routing and spectrum assignment for large-scale computing systems based on an elastic optical architecture; particularly, we concentrate on anycast user to data center traffic optimization. We assume that computational resources of data centers are limited. For this offline problems we formulate the integer linear programming model and propose a few heuristics, including a meta-heuristic algorithm based on a tabu search method. We report computational results, presenting the quality of approximate solutions and efficiency of the proposed heuristics, and we also analyze and compare some data center allocation scenarios.

8

Wen, T. D., E. Anastassakis e L. P. Xu. "Multilayer Systems Driven by Elastic Standing Waves". Physica Status Solidi (a) 154, n. 2 (16 aprile 1996): 635–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2211540217.

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9

Mousa, Zainab H., e Fatima M. Hussain. "Effect of Coupling Channel on Elastic Scattering for 6He+208Pb, 7Be+58Ni and 7Li+59Co Systems". NeuroQuantology 20, n. 2 (1 aprile 2022): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.2.nq22078.

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Effects of coupling channel on elastic scattering have been studied using the nuclear potential Woods-Saxon (WS) for 6He+208Pb, 7Be+58Ni and 7Li+59Co systems. The Continuum-discretized coupled-channels CDCC method have been used to employed no coupled and coupled-channels (CC) calculations for unstable projectiles. Cross-sections of elastic scattering were extracted from the optical potential fits, to achieve the optimum comparability between the theoretical estimates of dσel/dσR and empirical values for the systems reviewed. The breakup process at near Coulomb barrier energies play essential role in the results of cross section as a function of angle and energy in addition to the distribution of the barrier.

10

Díaz-de-Anda, A., K. Volke-Sepúlveda, J. Flores, C. Sánchez-Pérez e L. Gutiérrez. "Study of coupled resonators in analogous wave systems: Mechanical, elastic, and optical". American Journal of Physics 83, n. 12 (dicembre 2015): 1012–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4932391.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Elastic optical systems":

1

Thiessen, Christian. "Resilient routing and spectrum assignment in Elastic Optical Networks under Dynamic Traffic". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-155684.

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Transparent Elastic Optical Networks (EON) are seen as a promising solution for future optical transport networks to keep up with internet traffic growth, as they allow provisioning connections with different bandwidth requirements in an efficient way. To achieve high spectrum efficiency in these networks, making good Routing, Modulation and Spectrum Assignment (RMLSA) decisions is essential. Since fiber cuts are common, resiliency against single-link failures is another important topic. This can be provided efficiently through shared-path protection (SPP), which in turn complicates the RMLSA problem. Existing routing, modulation and spectrum assignment algorithms for SPP focus on the two-step approach, where primary paths are selected independently of their backup path options. However, selecting a different primary path can allow for a better backup path with higher shareability of backup resources if primary and backup path pairs are considered together. Previous studies on SPP in EONs mostly consider the static traffic scenario. Under a dynamic traffic scenario, where unpredictable connection re-quests arrive and terminate over time, fragmentation of spectral resources has a significant impact on the network performance. In this thesis, a new algorithm is proposed for SPP in EONs against single-link failures where primary and backup path pairs are selected jointly, thereby minimizing fragmentation and maximizing shareability which leads to better network performance in terms of blocking probability. Unlike existing algorithms, the primary and backup path and spectrum are decided simultaneously from a set of candidate path pairs and the spectrum assignment is done using a hybrid cost metric. The metric is a weighted combination of existing metrics that integrates fragmentation and shareability into a multi-objective function. Using network traffic simulations in two reference networks, the effect of the different cost functions on the algorithm’s behavior is explored and an optimal set of weights is determined. With this parameterization, traffic simulations in a scaled-down sample US network topology with load values of 190-240 Erlang, corresponding to blocking probabilities of 0.1% to 1%, show an average improvement over the reference algorithm of 79% in blocking probability, 6.9% in shareability and 5.9% in spectrum fragmentation. It is also shown that most of this improvement is caused by joint primary-backup path assignments. The hybrid cost function reduces blocking by a further 10%.
Transparenta Elastiska Optiska Nätverk (EON) ses som en lovande lösning för framtida optiska transportnät för att hänga med Internettrafikens tillväxt, eftersom de möjliggör att tillhandahålla förbindelser med olika krav på bandbredd på ett effektivt sätt. För att uppnå hög spektrumeffektivitet i dessa nätverk är det viktigt att fatta bra beslut vad avser routing, modulering och spektrumtilldelning (Routing, Modulation Level and Spectrum Assignment, RMLSA). Eftersom fiberavbrott är vanliga, så är tåligheten mot enstaka länkfel et annat viktigt ämne. Detta kan ske effektivt genom att skydda gemensamma reservvägar (Shared Path Protection, SPP), vilket dock försvårar RMLSA-problemet. Befintliga routing, modulering och spektrumtilldelningsalgoritmer för SPP fokuserar på strategier i två steg, där först de primära vägarna väljs oberoende av deras backupalternativ. Att välja en annan primär väg, kan dock möjliggöra en bättre reservväg med bättre delning av backupresurser om i stället par av primära och sekundära vägar bedöms tillsammans. Tidigare studier på SPP i EONs anser främst statiska trafikscenarier. I ett dynamiskt trafikscenario, där oförutsägbara anslutningsbegäranden inkommer och avslutas över tiden, så kommer fragmenteringen av spektrala resurser ha en betydande inverkan på nätverkets prestanda. I denna avhandling föreslås en ny algoritm för SPP i EONs för hantering av enskilda länkfel, där par av primära och sekundära vägar väljs gemensamt, vilket minimerar fragmentering och maximerar delning vilket leder till bättre nätverksprestanda i form av minskat blockering. Till skillnad från befintliga algoritmer beslutas den primära och sekundära vägen och spektrum samtidigt från en uppsättning av par av kandidatvägar och spektrumtilldelningen görs med en hybrid-kostnadsfunktion. Funktionen är en viktad kombination av befintliga mått som integrerar fragmentering och delning till en multi-objektiv målfunktion. Med användning av nätverkstrafiksimuleringar i två referensnätverk studeras effekten av olika kostnadsfunktioner på algoritmens beteende och en optimal uppsättning av vikter bestäms. Med dessa parametrar, trafiksimuleringar i en reducerad US-nätverkstopologi med belastningsvärden på 190-240 Erlang, motsvarande blockeringssannolikheter på 0,1 - 1%, visar en genomsnittlig förbättring under referensalgoritmen på 79% i blockeringens sannolikhet, 6.9% i delning och 5,9% i fragmentering. Det visas också att det mesta av denna förbättring beror på det samtidiga tilldelning av primära och reservlänkar. Hybridkostnadsfunktionen minskar blockeringen med ytterligare 10%.

2

Nadal, Reixats Laia. "Design and implementation of low complexity adaptive optical OFDM systems for software-defined transmission in elastic optical networks". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284714.

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Due to the increasing global IP traffic and the exponential growing demand for broadband services, optical networks are experimenting significant changes. Advanced modulation formats are being implemented at the Digital Signal Processing (DSP) level as key enablers for high data rate transmission. Whereas in the network layer, flexi Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (DWDM) grids are being investigated in order to efficiently use the optical spectrum according to the traffic demand. Enabling these capabilities makes high data rate transmission more feasible. Hence, introducing flexibility in the system is one of the main goals of this thesis. Furthermore, minimizing the cost and enhancing the Spectral Efficiency (SE) of the system are two crucial issues to consider in the transceiver design. This dissertation investigates the use of Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (O-OFDM) based either on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) or the Fast Hartley Transform (FHT) and flexi-grid technology to allow high data rate transmission over the fiber. Different cost-effective solutions for Elastic Optical Networks (EON) are provided. On the one hand, Direct Detection (DD) systems are investigated and proposed to cope with present and future traffic demand. After an introduction to the principles of OFDM and its application in optical systems, the main problems of such modulation is introduced. In particular, Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is presented as a limitation in OFDM systems, as well as clipping and quantization noise. Hence, PAPR reduction techniques are proposed to mitigate these impairments. Additionally, Low Complexity (LC) PAPR reduction techniques based on the FHT have also been presented with a simplified DSP. On the other hand, loading schemes have also been introduced in the analyzed system to combat Chromatic Dispersion (CD) when transmitting over the optical link. Moreover, thanks to Bit Loading (BL) and Power Loading (PL), flexible and software-defined transceivers can be implemented maximizing the spectral efficiency by adapting the data rate to the current demand and the actual network conditions. Specifically, OFDM symbols are created by mapping the different subcarriers with different modulation formats according to the channel profile. Experimental validation of the proposed flexible transceivers is also provided in this dissertation. The benefits of including loading capabilities in the design, such as enabling high data rate and software-defined transmission, are highlighted.
Degut al creixement del tràfic IP i de la demanda de serveis de banda ampla, les xarxes òptiques estan experimentant canvis significatius. Els formats avançats de modulació, implementats a nivell de processat del senyal digital, habiliten la transmissió a alta velocitat. Mentre que a la capa de xarxa, l'espectre òptic es dividit en ranures flexibles ocupant l'ample de banda necessari segons la demanda de tràfic. La transmissió a alta velocitat és fa més tangible un cop habilitades totes aquestes funcionalitats. D'aquesta manera un dels principals objectius d'aquesta tesis es introduir flexibilitat al sistema. A demés, minimitzar el cost i maximitzar l'eficiència espectral del sistema són també dos aspectes crucials a considerar en el disseny del transmissor i receptor. Aquesta tesis investiga l'ús de la tecnologia Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) basada en la transformada de Fourier (FFT) i la de Hartley (FHT) per tal de dissenyar un sistema flexible i capaç de transmetre a alta velocitat a través de la fibra òptica. Per tant, es proposen diferent solucions de baix cost vàlides per a utilitzar en xarxes òptiques elàstiques. En primer lloc, s'investiguen i es proposen sistemes basats en detecció directa per tal de suportar la present i futura demanda. Després d'una introducció dels principis d' OFDM i la seva aplicació als sistemes òptics, s'introdueixen alguns dels problemes d'aquesta modulació. En particular, es presenten el Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) i els sorolls de clipping i de quantizació com a limitació dels sistemes OFDM. S'analitzen tècniques de reducció de PAPR per tal de reduir l'impacte d'aquests impediments. També es proposen tècniques de baixa complexitat per a reduir el PAPR basades en la FHT. Finalment, s'utilitzen algoritmes d'assignació de bits i de potència, Bit Loading (BL) i Power Loading (PL), per tal de combatre la dispersió cromàtica quan es transmet pel canal òptic. Amb la implementació dels algoritmes de BL i PL, es poden dissenyar transmissors i receptors flexibles adaptant la velocitat a la demanda del moment i a les actuals condicions de la xarxa. En particular, els símbols OFDM es creen mapejant cada portadora amb un format de modulació diferent segons el perfil del canal. El sistema és validat experimentalment mostrant les prestacions i els beneficis d'incloure flexibilitat per tal de facilitar la transmissió a alta velocitat i cobrir les necessitats de l'Internet del futur
Debido al crecimiento del tráfico IP y de la demanda de servicios de banda ancha, las redes ópticas están experimentando cambios significativos. Los formatos avanzados de modulación, implementados a nivel de procesado de la señal digital, habilitan la transmisión a alta velocidad. Mientras que en la capa de red, el espectro óptico se divide en ranuras flexibles ocupando el ancho de banda necesario según la demanda de tráfico. La transmisión a alta velocidad es más tangible una vez habilitadas todas estas funcionalidades. De este modo uno de los principales objetivos de esta tesis es introducir flexibilidad en el sistema. Además, minimizar el coste y maximizar la eficiencia espectral del sistema son también dos aspectos cruciales a considerar en el diseño del transmisor y receptor. Esta tesis investiga el uso de la tecnologia Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) basada en la transformada de Fourier (FFT) y en la de Hartley (FHT) con tal de diseñar un sistema flexible y capaz de transmitir a alta velocidad a través de la fibra óptica. Por lo tanto, se proponen distintas soluciones de bajo coste válidas para utilizar en redes ópticas elásticas. En primer lugar, se investigan y se proponen sistemas basados en detección directa con tal de soportar la presente y futura demanda. Después de una introducción de los principios de OFDM y su aplicación en los sistemas ópticos, se introduce el principal problema de esta modulación. En particular se presentan el Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) y los ruidos de clipping y cuantización como limitaciones de los sistemas OFDM. Se analizan técnicas de reducción de PAPR con tal de reducir el impacto de estos impedimentos. También se proponen técnicas de baja complejidad para reducir el PAPR basadas en la FHT. Finalmente, se utilizan algoritmos de asignación de bits y potencia, Bit Loading (BL) y Power Loading (PL), con tal de combatir la dispersión cromática cuando se transmite por el canal óptico. Con la implementación de los algoritmos de BL y PL, se pueden diseñar transmisores y receptores flexibles adaptando la velocidad a la demanda del momento y a las actuales condiciones de la red. En particular, los símbolos OFDM se crean mapeando cada portadora con un formato de modulaci_on distinto según el perfil del canal. El sistema se valida experimentalmente mostrando las prestaciones y los beneficios de incluir flexibilidad con tal de facilitar la transmisión a alta velocidad y cubrir las necesidades de Internet del futuro.

3

Hussein, Ali Abdulsattar. "Photonic Integrated Circuits Utilizing Nano-Electromechanical Systems on Silicon-on-Insulator Platform for Software Defined Networking in Elastic Optical Networks: New Insights Into Phased Array Systems, Tunable WDM, and Cascaded FIR and IIR Architectures". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39592.

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Optical communications systems operate at the limits of their margins to respond to increasing capacity demands. Some of the signal processing functions required must soon operate at speeds beyond electronic implementation. Optical signal processors are fundamentally analog which requires precise control of the operating state. Programmable optical components are consequently essential. The thesis explores and elucidates the properties of meshes of generalized Mach-Zehnder interferometers (GMZIs) amenable to silicon (Si) photonics integration that are based on multimode interference couplers with programmability achieved via voltage controlled phase-shift elements within the interferometer arms to perform a variety of finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR) signal processing functions. The thesis presents a novel class of integrated photonic phased array systems with a single-stage, multistage, and feedback architectures. The designed photonic integrated systems utilize nano-electromechanical-system (NEMS) operated phase shifters of cascaded free suspended slot waveguides that are compact and require a small amount of power to operate. The structure of the integrated photonic phased array switch (IPPAS) elements is organized such that it brings the NEMS-operated phase shifters to the exterior sides of the construction; facilitating electrical connection. The transition slot couplers used to interconnect the phase shifters to the rest of the silicon structure are designed to enable biasing one of the silicon beams of each phase shifter from an electrode located at the side of the phase shifter. The other silicon beam of each phase shifter is biased through the rest of the silicon structure of the fabric, which is taken as a ground. Phased array processors of 2×2 and 4×4 multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) ports are conveniently designed within reasonable footprints native to the current fabrication technologies. The response of the single-stage 4×4 broadband IPPAS element is determined, and its phase synthesis states required for single-throw, double-throw and broadcast routing operations are predicted. The transmission responses of the single-stage wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) processors of 2×2 and 4×4 MIMO ports are simulated. The wavelength steering capability of the transmission interferograms by applying progressive phase shifts through the array of NEMS-operated phase shift elements of the single-stage 4×4 WDM (de)multiplexer is demonstrated. The advantages of cascading broadband and WDM phased array sections are articulated through several study cases. Five different cascaded phased array architectures are trialed for the construction of non-blocking 4×4 IPPAS broadband switches that are essential elements in the construction of universal photonic processors. A cascaded 2×2 WDM (de)multiplexer that can set the bandwidth of the (de)multiplexed cyclic channels into a binary number of programmable values is demonstrated. The envelope and wavelength modulations of the transmission responses utilizing a cascaded forward structure of three 2×2 sections that can be utilized for the (de)multiplexing of different bandwidth channels are demonstrated providing individual wavelength steering capability of the narrowband and wideband channels and the individual wavelength steering capability of the slow envelope and wavelength modulating functions. Innovative universal 2×2 and 4×4 cascaded phased array processors of advanced high-order architectures that can function as both non-blocking broadband routers and tunable WDM (de)multiplexers with spectrum steering and bandwidth control of the (de)multiplexed demands are introduced. The multimode interference (MMI) coupler is utilized for the construction of several IIR feedback photonic processors. Tunable photonic feedback processors have the advantage of using less number of MMI couplers compared to their counterparts of FIR forward-path processors saving on the footprint and loss merits. A passive feedback 2×2 (de)multiplexer made of a 4×4 MMI coupler and two loopback paths is proposed. The inclusion of an imbalance in the lengths of the loopback paths of the same symmetrical feedback (de)multiplexer is demonstrated to achieve wavelength modulation of the (de)multiplexed transmission responses that are useful for the (de)multiplexing of different bandwidth channels. Several newly introduced IIR feedback architectures are demonstrated to function similarly as their counterparts of FIR forward-path processors as binary bandwidth variable (de)multiplexers, envelope and wavelength modulation (de)multiplexers, and universal feedback processors. The investigation provided in this thesis is also supported with dynamic zero-pole evolution analysis in the complex plane of analysis of the studied FIR and IIR photonic processors to enhance understanding the principle of operation. This research expands the prospective for constructing innovative silicon-on-insulator (SOI) based optical processors for applications in modern optical communication systems and programmable elastic optical networks (EONs).

4

Pham, Van Quan. "Cloud-native optical network automation platforms". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAS005.

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La gestion et le contrôle des communications optiques se transforment pour intégrer de nouvelles fonctionnalités telles que la gestion de réseau basée sur l'intention, l'automatisation du contrôle en boucle fermée et l'orchestration multipartite. Ces fonctionnalités sont motivées par les nouvelles exigences de connectivité entre les centres de données (datacenters) pour permettre le déploiement de futures générations de services telles que les applications au-delà de la 5G (Beyond 5G or B5G) et 6G offertes à la périphérie des réseaux optiques. La prochaine génération d'architectures de gestion et de contrôle des réseaux optiques comportera des principes de mise en réseau définie par logiciel (SDN) en relation avec la désagrégation des futurs systèmes optiques. Les contrôleurs et gestionnaires de réseaux optiques actuels sont intrinsèquement propriétaires et sont donc limités en termes d'ouverture, d'évolutivité et de flexibilité. Cette thèse de doctorat étudie et propose des architectures logicielles disruptives avec : (i) leurs fonctions de contrôle pour les systèmes optiques et (ii) leurs fonctions de gestion pour les services de connexion optique des réseaux optiques ouverts désagrégés. Après avoir presenté les architectures SDN dans le contexte et les contraintes des réseaux de commutation et de transmission optiques, la thèse explique les défis techniques des réseaux optiques actuels évoluant vers le contrôle des réseaux optiques partiellement désagrégés comme première étape de transition; et vers le contrôle des réseaux optiques entièrement désagrégés comme étape ultime. La nouvelles plates-formes logicielles d'automatisation des réseaux optiques avec leurs fonctions de contrôle basées sur des micro-services sont décrites de manière pragmatique en tenant compte des logiciels libres ainsi que de plusieurs forums de standardisation définissant leurs langages, leurs modèles de données et leurs protocoles pour les équipements, la topologie du réseau et les services de communication. Ensuite, la thèse décrit comment les fonctions de contrôle sont conçues comme des fonctions de réseau virtualisées permettant une intégration et un développement continus des plateformes de réseaux optiques natives en nuage (Cloud). Les fonctions de calcul de chemins de canal optique automatisées conçues comme des services sont d'abord abordées. Ces services de calcul de chemin de canal optique sont décrits en expliquant comment les contraintes de routage définies par l'évolution des fonctionnalités des systèmes optiques peuvent être intégrées dans les moteurs de calcul de chemin (PCE). Plusieurs algorithmes PCE pour le routage des canaux optiques et l'allocation sur la grille spectral sont présentés et leurs performances sont comparées en termes d'allocation bonne ou éventuellement optimale sur le spectre optique. A la suite des concepts de fonctions de calcul de chemin de canaux optiques automatisées en conçues comme des services , la thèse propose des fonctions de défragmentation automatisée des canaux optiques conçues comme des services pour réarranger les placements des canaux optiques afin d’obtenir une meilleure et éventuellement optimale utilisation de la grille de spectre optique pour gagner des ressources. A partir des évaluations de ces différentes fonctions de contrôle optique basées sur des conteneurs, plusieurs scénarios d'automatisation du contrôle des canaux optiques sont décrits pour prouver leurs concepts en utilisant un banc réseau dans un laboratoire, et pour démontrer les applications potentielles des VNF optiques. Enfin, la thèse conclut sur la synthèse de ces travaux de recherche et les défis futurs pour rendre le contrôle et la gestion des réseaux optiques plus unifiés et rationalisés afin de permettre aux communications optiques d'être conçues et d'être un atout conçues comme des services de connectivité pour les services de future génération
Optical communication management and control are transforming to integrate new capabilities such as intent-based network management, closed-loop control automation, and multi-stakeholder orchestration. These capabilities are driven by the new connectivity requirements between data centers to enable future generations of services: Beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G applications offered at the edges of optical networks. The next generation of optical network management and control architectures will entail Software-Defined Networking (SDN) principles for the disaggregation of future optical systems. The current optical network controllers and managers are intrinsically proprietary and, consequently, restricted in openness, scalability, and flexibility. This Ph.D. thesis investigates and proposes breakthrough software architectures with: (i) their control functions for the optical systems and (ii) their management functions for optical connection services of Open Disaggregated Optical Networks. After explaining SDN architectures in the context and the constraints of optical switching and transmission networks, the thesis explains the challenges of current optical networks to transition towards the control of Partially Disaggregated Optical Networks as a first step and the control of Fully Disaggregated Optical Networks as the ultimate step. Novel software-defined optical network automation platforms with control functions based on micro-services are described pragmatically, considering open-source software frameworks and several open forums providing their languages and their data models. Their protocols are being developed for devices, network topology, and communication services. Next, the thesis described how control functions are designed as cloud-native network functions (CNF), enabling continuous integration and continuous development of cloud-native optical networking platforms. Automated optical channel path computation functions as services a re first addressed. These optical channel path computation services are described by explaining how the routing constraints defined by the evolutions of optical system capabilities can be integrated into the path computation engines (PCE). Several PCE algorithms for optical channel routing and spectrum allocation are presented, and their performances are compared in terms of reasonable or possibly optimal spectrum allocation.Subsequent to the concepts of automated optical channel path computation functions as services, the thesis proposes automated optical channel defragmentation functions as services to re-arrange the placements of optical channels for better and possibly optimal use of the spectrum grid to gain resources.From the evaluations of these different container-based optical control functions, several optical channel control automation scenarios are described to prove their concepts using a network bench in a lab and demonstrate the potential applications of optical CNFs.Finally, the thesis concludes with the synthesis of these research works and the future challenges to make the control and the management of optical networks more unified and streamlined to enable optical communications to be designed and an asset as connectivity services for future generation services

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Magee, David Patrick. "Optimal arbitrary time-delay filtering to minimize vibration in elastic manipulator systems". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15891.

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Raddo, Thiago Roberto. "Next generation access networks: flexible OCDMA systems and cost-effective chaotic VCSEL sources for secure communications". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18155/tde-31082017-093005/.

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The significant advances in fiber-optic technology have broadened the optical network\'s reach into end-user business premises and even homes, allowing new services and technologies to be delivered to the customers. The next wave of innovation will certainly generate numerous opportunities provided by the widespread popularity of emerging solutions and applications such as tactile Internet, telemedicine and real time 3-D content generation, making them part of everyday life. Nevertheless, to support such an unprecedented and insatiable demand of data traffic, higher capacity and security, flexible bandwidth allocation and cost-efficiency have become crucial requirements for technologies candidate for future optical access networks. To this aim, optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) technology is considered as a prospective candidate, particularly due to features like asynchronous transmissions, flexible as well as conscious bandwidth resource distribution and support to differentiated services at the physical layer, to name but a few. In this context, this thesis proposes new mathematical formalisms for bit error rate, packet throughput and packet delay to assess the performance of flexible OCDMA networks capable of providing multiservice multirate transmissions according to users\' requirements. The proposed analytical formalisms do not require the knowledge a priori of the users\' code sequences, which means that the network performance can be addressed in a simple and straightforward manner using the code parameters only. In addition, the developed analytical formalisms account for a general number of distinct users\' classes as well as general probability of interference among users. Hence, these formalisms can be successfully applied for performance evaluation of flexible OCDMA networks not only under any number of users\' classes in a network, but also for most spreading codes with good correlation properties. The packet throughput expression is derived assuming Poisson, binomial and Markov chain approaches for the composite packet arrivals with the latter defined as benchmark. Then, it is shown via numerical simulation the Poisson-based expression is not appropriate for a reliable throughput estimate when compared to the benchmark (Markov) results. The binomial-based throughput equation, by its turn, provides results as accurate as the benchmark. In addition, the binomial-based throughput is numerically more convenient and computationally more efficient than the Markov chain approach, whereas the Markov-based one is computationally expensive, particularly if the number of users is large. The bit error rate (BER) expressions are derived considering gaussian and binomial distributions for the multiple-access interference and it is shown via numerical simulations that accurate performance of flexible OCDMA networks is only obtained with the binomial-based BER expression. This thesis also proposes and investigates a network architecture for Internet protocol traffic over flexible OCDMA with support to multiservice multirate transmissions, which is independent of the employed spreading code and does not require any new optical processing technology. In addition, the network performance assumes users transmitting asynchronously using receptors based on intensity-modulation direct-detection schemes. Numerical simulations shown that the proposed network performs well when its users are defined with high-weight code or when the channel utilization is low. The BER and packet throughput performance of an OCDMA network that provides multirate transmissions via multicode technique with two codes assigned to each single user is also addressed. Numerical results show that this technique outperforms classical techniques based on multilength code. Finally, this thesis addresses a new breakthrough technology that might lead to higher levels of security at the physical layer of optical networks. This technology consists in the generation of deterministic chaos from a commercial free-running vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The chaotic dynamics is generated by means of mechanical strains loaded onto an off-the-shelf quantum-well VCSEL using a simple and easily replicable holder. Deterministic chaos is then achieved, for the first time, without any additional complexity of optical feedback, parameter modulation or optical injection. The simplicity of the proposed system, which is based entirely on low-cost and easily available components, opens the way to the widespread use of commercial and free-running VCSEL devices for chaos-based applications. This off-the-shelf and cost-effective optical chaos generator has the potential for not only paving the way towards new security platforms in optical networks like, for example, successfully hiding the user information in an unpredictable, random-like signal against eventual eavesdroppers, but also for influencing emerging chaos applications initially limited or infeasible due to the lack of low-cost solutions. Furthermore, it leads the way to future realization of emerging applications with high-integrability and -scalability such as two-dimensional arrays of chaotic devices comprising hundreds of individual sources to increase requirements for random bit generation, cryptography or large-scale quantum networks.
Os avanços relacionados a tecnologia fotônica ampliaram o alcance das redes de comunicação óptica tanto em instalações de estabelecimentos comerciais quanto em residências, permitindo que novos serviços e tecnologias fossem entregues aos clientes. A próxima onda de inovação certamente gerará inúmeras oportunidades proporcionadas pela popularidade de soluções emergentes e aplicações como a Internet tátil, a telemedicina e a geração de conteúdo 3-D em tempo real, tornando-os parte da vida cotidiana. No entanto, para suportar a crescente demanda de tráfego atual, uma maior capacidade e segurança, alocação flexível de largura de banda e custo-eficiência tornaram-se requisitos cruciais para as tecnologias candidatas a futuras redes de acesso óptico. Para este fim, a tecnologia de acesso múltiplo por divisão de código óptico (OCDMA) é considerada um candidato em potencial, particularmente devido a características como transmissões assíncronas, distribuição flexível de banda larga e suporte a serviços diferenciados na camada física, para citar apenas alguns. Neste contexto, esta tese propõe novos formalismos matemáticos para a taxa de erro de bits, taxa de transferência de pacotes e atraso de pacotes para avaliar o desempenho de redes OCDMA flexíveis capazes de fornecer transmissões em múltiplas qualidades de serviço (QoS) de acordo com as necessidades dos usuários. Os formalismos analíticos propostos não requerem o conhecimento a priori das sequências de código dos usuários, o que significa que o desempenho da rede pode ser abordado de forma simples e direta usando apenas os parâmetros de código. Além disso, os formalismos analíticos desenvolvidos representam um número geral de classes de usuários distintos, bem como a probabilidade geral de interferência entre os usuários. Portanto, esses formalismos podem ser aplicados com sucesso na avaliação de desempenho de redes OCDMA flexíveis não apenas em qualquer número de classes de usuários em uma rede, mas também para a maioria dos códigos de espalhamento com boas propriedades de correlação. A expressão de taxa de transferência de pacotes é derivada assumindo aproximações de Poisson, binomial e de cadeia de Markov para as chegadas de pacotes compostos, com a última definida como benchmark. Em seguida, é mostrado via simulação numérica que a expressão baseada em Poisson não é apropriada para uma estimativa confiável de taxa de transferência quando comparada aos resultados de benchmark (Markov). A equação de taxa de transferência binomial, por sua vez, fornece resultados tão precisos quanto o benchmark. Além disso, a taxa de transferência binomial é numericamente mais conveniente e computacionalmente eficiente quando comparada com abordagem de Markov, enquanto esta última é computacionalmente dispendiosa, particularmente se o número de usuários é grande. As expressões de taxa de erro de bit (BER) são derivadas considerando distribuições gaussianas e binomiais para a interferência de acesso múltiplo e é mostrado por meio de simulações numéricas que o desempenho exato de redes OCDMA flexíveis é obtido somente com a expressão binomial de BER. Esta tese também propõe e investiga uma arquitetura de rede para o tráfego de protocolo de Internet sobre OCDMA flexível com suporte a transmissões de QoS e de múltiplas taxas, que é independente do código de espalhamento empregado e não requer qualquer nova tecnologia de processamento óptico. Além disso, o desempenho da rede assume que os usuários transmitem de forma assíncrona usando receptores baseados em esquemas de detecção direta de modulação de intensidade. As simulações numéricas mostraram que a rede proposta possui melhor desempenho quando seus usuários são definidos com peso de código alto ou quando a utilização do canal é baixa. O desempenho da BER e da taxa de transferência de pacotes de uma rede OCDMA que fornece transmissões de múltiplas taxas por meio de uma técnica multi-código com dois códigos atribuídos a cada usuário é também abordado. Os resultados numéricos mostram que esta técnica supera as técnicas clássicas baseadas no código de comprimento múltiplo. Finalmente, esta tese aborda uma nova tecnologia que pode levar a níveis mais elevados de segurança na camada física de redes ópticas. Esta tecnologia consiste na geração de caos determinístico a partir de um laser de emissão superficial com cavidade vertical (VCSEL). A dinâmica caótica é gerada através da aplicação de forças mecânicas em um VCSEL comercial usando um suporte simples e facilmente replicável. O caos determinístico é então alcançado, pela primeira vez, sem qualquer complexidade adicional de realimentação óptica, modulação de parâmetros ou injeção óptica. A simplicidade do sistema proposto, o qual se baseia inteiramente em componentes de baixo custo e que são facilmente encontrados, abre o caminho para o uso de dispositivos VCSEL comerciais para aplicações baseadas em caos. Este gerador de caos óptico tem o potencial não só de pavimentar o caminho para novas plataformas de segurança em redes ópticas, como, por exemplo, ocultar com êxito as informações do usuário em um sinal imprevisível e aleatório contra eventuais invasores, como também tem o potencial de influenciar aplicações de caos emergentes inicialmente limitadas ou inviáveis devido à falta de soluções de baixo custo. Além disso, ele conduz o caminho para a realização futura de aplicações emergentes com alta integridade e escalabilidade, tais como matrizes bidimensionais de dispositivos caóticos que compreendem centenas de fontes individuais para aumentar as necessidades de geração de bit aleatória, criptografia ou redes quânticas de grande escala.

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Lioy, Gerald T. "Optimization of an elastic drive belt system using an algorithm of automated optimal design /". Online version of thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/9042.

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Fraczek, Michael Darius [Verfasser], e Volker [Akademischer Betreuer] Wulfmeyer. "Aircraft air data system based on the measurement of Raman and elastic backscatter via active optical remote-sensing / Michael Darius Fraczek. Betreuer: Volker Wulfmeyer". Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1048384799/34.

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Fraczek, Michael [Verfasser], e Volker [Akademischer Betreuer] Wulfmeyer. "Aircraft air data system based on the measurement of Raman and elastic backscatter via active optical remote-sensing / Michael Darius Fraczek. Betreuer: Volker Wulfmeyer". Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:100-opus-9650.

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Ingale, Himanshu A. "Fabrication and Characterization of a Wrinkled Polydimethylsiloxane Thin Film Bilayer System". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1511799079390201.

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Libri sul tema "Elastic optical systems":

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Kovalev, Vladimir A. Elastic lidar: Theory, practice, and analysis methods. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley, 2004.

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Hopersky, Alexey N. Scattering of photons by many-electron systems. Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.

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Lemaitre, Gérard René. Astronomical optics and elasticity theory: Active optics methods. Berlin: Springer, 2009.

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Eichinger, William E., e Vladimir A. Kovalev. Elastic Lidar: Theory, Practice, and Analysis Methods. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2005.

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Datta, Debasish. Optical Networks. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834229.001.0001.

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Abstract (sommario):

This book presents an in-depth deliberation on optical networks in four parts, capturing the past, present, and ensuing developments in the field. Part I has two chapters presenting an overview of optical networks and the enabling technologies. Part II has three chapters dealing with the single-wavelength optical networks: optical LANs/MANs, optical access networks using passive optical network architecture, SONET/SDH, optical transport network and resilient packet ring. Part III consists of four chapters on WDM-based optical networks, including WDM-based local/metropolitan networks (LANs/MANs) using single and multihop architectures over passive-star couplers, WDM/TWDM access networks as an extension of PONs with WDM transmission, WDM metro ring networks covering circuit-switched (using point-to-point WDM and wavelength-routed transmission) plus packet-switched architectures and WDM long-haul backbone networks presenting the offline and online design methodologies using wavelength-routed transmission. Part IV deals with some selected topics in six chapters. The first deals with transmission impairments and power-consumption issues in optical networks, while the next three chapters deal with the survivable optical networks, network control and management techniques, including GMPLS, ASON, and SDN/SDON, and datacenter networks using electrical, optical, and hybrid switching techniques. The final two chapters present elastic optical networks using flexible grid for better utilization of the optical-fiber spectrum and optical packet and burst-switched networks. The three appendices present the basics of the linear programming techniques, noise processes encountered in the optical communication systems, and the fundamentals of queuing theory and its applications in telecommunication networks. (238 words)

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Hopersky, Alexey N., e Victor A. Yavna. Scattering of Photons by Many-Electron Systems. Springer, 2012.

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Komkov, V. Optimal Control Theory for the Damping of Vibrations of Simple Elastic Systems. Springer London, Limited, 2006.

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Lemaitre, Gérard René. Astronomical Optics and Elasticity Theory: Active Optics Methods. Springer, 2010.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Elastic optical systems":

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Mahala, Neha, e Jaisingh Thangaraj. "Efficient Spectrum Provisioning in Elastic Optical Networks". In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 221–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39875-0_24.

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Dixit, Shruti, Deepak Batham e Ravindra Pratap Narwaria. "Elastic Optical Network: A Promising Solution for Future Communication Networks Considering Differentiated CoS". In Algorithms for Intelligent Systems, 49–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4893-6_5.

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Van Hieu, Luong, e Do Trung Kien. "Scalable Energy Efficiency Protection Model with Directed p-Cycles in Elastic Optical Network". In Intelligent Systems and Networks, 426–34. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4725-6_52.

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Naik, Suraj Kumar, e Santos Kumar Baliarsingh. "Elastic Optical Networks Survivability Based on Spectrum Utilization and ILP Model with Increasing Traffic". In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 507–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6981-8_41.

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Markowski, Marcin. "Tabu-Search Algorithm for Optimization of Elastic Optical Network Based Distributed Computing Systems". In Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning – IDEAL 2015, 361–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24834-9_42.

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Yang, Xian. "Spectrum Allocation Technology of Elastic Optical Networks Based on Power Business Perception". In 2020 International Conference on Data Processing Techniques and Applications for Cyber-Physical Systems, 555–62. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1726-3_68.

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Klinkowski, Mirosław. "A Genetic Algorithm for Solving RSA Problem in Elastic Optical Networks with Dedicated Path Protection". In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 167–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33018-6_17.

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Batham, Deepak, e Dharmendra Singh Yadav. "A Weight Function RSA Strategy Based on Path Length and Bandwidth Demand for Static Traffic in Elastic Optical Network". In Intelligent Computing Applications for Sustainable Real-World Systems, 88–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44758-8_9.

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Cinquini, C., e R. Contro. "Optimal Design of Elastic-Plastic Structures". In Computer Aided Optimal Design: Structural and Mechanical Systems, 313–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83051-8_8.

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Fleury, C. "Computer Aided Optimal Design of Elastic Structures". In Computer Aided Optimal Design: Structural and Mechanical Systems, 831–900. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83051-8_25.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Elastic optical systems":

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Michel, S., F. Lemarquis e M. Lequime. "Determination of thermal and elastic coefficients of optical thin-film materials". In Optical Systems Design, a cura di Norbert Kaiser, Michel Lequime e H. Angus Macleod. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.797707.

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Wang, Bo, e Pin-Han Ho. "Adaptive Transmissions in Elastic Optical OFDM Systems". In Asia Communications and Photonics Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/acp.2013.af1h.4.

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Wang, Bo, e Pin-Han Ho. "Adaptive Transmissions in Elastic Optical OFDM Systems". In Asia Communications and Photonics Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/acpc.2013.af1h.4.

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Pearson, Earl T. "Thermo-elastic analysis of large optical systems". In Critical Review Collection. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.61104.

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Mazzoli, Alexandra, Philippe Saint-Georges, Anne Orban, Jean-Sébastien Ruess, Jérôme Loicq, Christian Barbier, Yvan Stockman et al. "Experimental validation of opto-thermo-elastic modeling in OOFELIE multiphysics". In SPIE Optical Systems Design. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.896515.

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"Elastic optical network, coloring theory, risk balance". In 2019 Scientific Conference on Network, Power Systems and Computing. Institute of Electronics and Computer, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33969/eecs.v3.013.

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Costa, Lucas R., e Andre C. Drummond. "Dynamic Multi-Modulation Allocation Scheme for Elastic Optical Networks". In 2021 International Conference on COMmunication Systems & NETworkS (COMSNETS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comsnets51098.2021.9352827.

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Wang, Bo, e Pin-Han Ho. "An optimization framework for energy-efficient elastic optical transmission systems". In 2013 21st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks - (SoftCOM 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/softcom.2013.6671855.

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Hu, Boyang, Mohammad Jafar Majid e Byrav Ramamurthy. "Dynamic network simulation using DeepRMSA in Elastic Optical Networks". In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Networks and Telecommunications Systems (ANTS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ants56424.2022.10227763.

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Upadhyay, Paresh, Baljinder Singh Heera e Yatindra Nath Singh. "Fragmentation and Topology-Aware Spectrum Assignment in Elastic Optical Networks". In 2024 16th International Conference on COMmunication Systems & NETworkS (COMSNETS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comsnets59351.2024.10427429.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Elastic optical systems":

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Glushko, E. Ya, e A. N. Stepanyuk. Optopneumatic medium for precise indication of pressure over time inside the fluid flow. Астропринт, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2874.

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Abstract (sommario):

In this work, a gas-filled 1D elastic pneumatic photonic crystal is proposed as an optical indicator of pressure which can unite several pressure scales of magnitude. The indicator includes layered elastic platform, optical fibers and switching valves, all enclosed into a chamber. We have investigated the pneumatic photonic crystal bandgap structure and light reflection changes under external pressure. At the chosen parameters the device may cover the pressure interval (0, 10) bar with extremely high accuracy (1 μbar) for actual pressures existing inside the biofluid systems of biological organisms. The size of the indicator is close to 1 mm and may be decreased. The miniaturized optical devices considered may offer an opportunity to organize simultaneous and total scanning monitoring of biofluid pressure in different parts of the circulatory systems.

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Bigio, I. J., T. R. Loree, J. Mourant, T. Shimada, K. Story-Held, R. D. Glickman e R. Conn. Optical diagnostics based on elastic scattering: Recent clinical demonstrations with the Los Alamos Optical Biopsy System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10176682.

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