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1
Nilsson, Thobias. "Nino Rotas trombonkonsert". Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för klassisk musik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-1610.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
I det här arbetet fördjupar jag mig i första satsen av Nino Rotas trombonkonsert. Nino Rota var en italiensk kompositör som var mest känd för sin filmmusik, och då särskilt musiken till Gudfadern I och Gudfadern II, men har även skrivit en stor mängd konsertmusik. Hans filmvana avspeglar sig även på hans konsertmusik. Jag gör i arbetet en motivkatalog, och en fördjupad interpretationsdel där jag tar upp hur jag vill att satsen ska spelas samt svårigheter med att få den just så. Slutligen bifogar jag en inspelning av satsen från min examenskonsert.Bilaga: 1 CD
Nino Rota, Konsert för trombonMedverkande:Trombon - Thobias NilssonPiano - Katarina Ström-Harg
2
Ford, Bruce W. "El Nino and La Nina effects of tropical cyclones : the mechanisms /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA380280.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.S. in Meterorolgy and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2000.Thesis advisor: Murphree, Tom. "June 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-118). Also available online.
3
Hildebrand, Paula E. "El Nino and La Nina events and North Atlantic tropical cyclones". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA391577.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography) Naval Postgraduate School, March 2001.Thesis advisor(s): Murphree, Tom. "March 2001." Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-94). Also Available online.
4
Gergis, Jo??lle L. School of Biological Earth & Environmental Sciences UNSW. "Reconstructing El Nino-southern oscillation". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24222.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
El Ni??o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most important coupled ocean-atmospheric phenomenon to cause global climate variability on interannual time scales. Efforts to understand recent, apparently anomalous ENSO behaviour are hampered by the lack of long, high-quality climate records. While instrumental data generally covers the past 150 years, record length is insufficient for the assessment of past changes in the frequency, magnitude, and duration of ENSO. Here, multiproxy networks of high-resolution tree-ring, coral, ice and documentary records derived from eastern and western Pacific ENSO ???centres of action??? are analysed (A.D. 1525-2002). Considerable improvements in ENSO reconstruction are achieved from expanding the use of records from the western Pacific. In particular, ~500 years of a continuous 3,722 year ENSO sensitive tree-ring record from New Zealand is introduced. Although extreme ENSO events are seen throughout a 478-year discrete event analysis, 43% of extreme, 20% of very strong and 28% of all protracted ENSO events occur within the 20th century. Principal component analysis was used to extend instrumental records of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) Ni??o 3.4 Sea Surface Temperature (Ni??o 3.4 SST) and a newly developed coupled ocean-atmospheric ENSO index (CEI) by 347 years. Significantly, of the three indices reconstructed here, CEI reconstructions were largely found to be the best predictors of ENSO. The results suggest that ENSO may be more effectively characterised using a coupled ocean-atmosphere index, particularly for December-May periods. Compared to the pre-instrumental period, the late 19th and early 20th centuries indicate a clear trend toward increased ENSO variability over the past 150 years. Significantly, spectral analysis of reconstructed indices reveals a marked change in the frequency and intensity of ENSO beginning ~A.D. 1850, coinciding with the end of the Little Ice Age and the boom in global industrialisation. This suggests that ENSO may operate differently under natural (pre-industrial) and anthropogenically influenced background states. This study asserts that recent ENSO variability appears anomalous in the context of the past five centuries. Given the considerable socio-economic impacts of ENSO events, future investigation into the implications an increasingly anthropogenically-warmed world may have on ENSO is vital.
5
Sachan, Amit. "Safe Yield for Jointly Operated Reservoir System and Examination of ENSO Impacts". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33302.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Determination of safe yield of a water source is a basic aspect of water supply planning. In this report, the safe yield is defined as the maximum constant release from a reservoir that is possible during a selected drought period. The yield depends on drought magnitude and duration controlled by nature and ability to manipulate the releases through man made controls in the form of impoundment structures and regulations. A water supply system with two reservoirs in series and one in parallel in Spotsylvania Countyâ the Hunting Run Reservoir, the Motts Run Reservoir (in series), and the Ni River Reservoir is considered to demonstrate the yield calculations.
When several reservoirs are considered, the critical periods (defined as the period from full storage to empty condition) may not coincide and the system must be analyzed for the binding critical duration. A zero-one linear integer programming formulation is proposed to compute the system yield. The formulation accommodates the various storage and river flow dependent instream flow requirements. It is found that the water treatment plant capacity, instream flow requirements, and flows themselves limit the yield.
Inflows to the reservoir are very important factor in determination of safe yield for any system of reservoirs. Changes in the precipitation hence inflows may cause a significant effect on the operation of reservoir. El Nino and La Nina phenomena, which occur due to changes in the atmospheric condition over the equatorial Pacific region, are found to affect the global climate in different studies. To examine the changes in the precipitation / streamflows due to El Nino and La Nina events on the safe yield, studies are done on the streamflows in the study area and four regions across the world during El Nino and LA Nina events. Lag correlation studies and descriptive analysis of the streamflows in the study region in Northern Virginia fail to show any pattern in the streamflow changes due to El Nino and La Nina events, based on the available data. However, this observation is not conclusive and further research if needed.Master of Science
6
Mkpado, Christian. "The Effects of El Nino and La Nina Weather Events on Corn Futures Prices". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1085.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The effects El Nino and La Nina have on corn futures prices is analyzed through the lens of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), a measure that indicates El Nino or La Nina weather patterns. Reliable data from 1959 - 2014 is analyzed in both monthly and yearly frequencies. As well as running the data against the SOI, binary indicators for either El Nino or La Nina are used as well. Typically, El Nino is consistent with cooler, wetter over much of North America and La Nina is consistent with hotter, drier weather. Both of these weather patterns will either increase or decrease corn production, which in turn affects corn futures prices.
7
Shervashidze, Nino [Verfasser], e Karsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Borgwardt. "Scalable graph kernels / Nino Shervashidze ; Betreuer: Karsten Borgwardt". Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1162843292/34.
Testo completo
8
Ferrett, Samantha Joanne. "El Nino Southern Oscillation stability under global warming". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/19362.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Typically, multi-model ensemble studies show mixed responses of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) under global warming, so it is currently unknown how, or even if, global warming will impact ENSO and its teleconnections. ENSO is governed by various ocean-atmosphere interactions in the equatorial Pacific, which provide either positive amplifying or negative damping feedbacks and are not always accurate in models. This results in uncertainty in projected ENSO responses. In a flux adjusted HadCM3 perturbed physics ensemble, the Bjerknes' stability index (BJ index), a measure of ENSO stability, has been used to analyse the strength of ENSO feedbacks and their response under the SRES A1B warming scenario with respect to mean climate conditions. Despite mean sea surface temperature biases being minimised by flux adjustment, the important dominant feedbacks, namely the latent heat flux feedback, shortwave flux feedback, the thermocline feedback and the zonal advective feedback are found to be too weak in the ensemble. Common model biases cause weak ocean-atmosphere interactions such as a weak response of ocean currents to wind stress anomalies, a weak thermocline slope response to wind stress anomalies and weak thermodynamic dampings. These biases are linked to overly strong zonal surface ocean currents and convective response biases. Under global warming, a large increase in thermodynamic damping, caused by increasing shortwave damping, is found. This increase is linked to a strong convective response and overrides other feedback responses, resulting in a weakening BJ index in contrast to increasing ENSO amplitude. Positive feedback responses are also found but counteract each other, so have relatively little impact on total ENSO stability. Results here show that common model biases, such as the cold tongue bias, are linked to persistent ENSO feedback biases pointing to areas of improvement in future models. Results also suggest that caution must be exercised when using the BJ index to assess ENSO, as the BJ index is not always representative of ENSO amplitude. This may be caused by non-linearities in ENSO feedbacks which are not accounted for by the linear approximations used in the BJ index, or by ENSO feedbacks not being directly comparable in magnitude, as assumed by the BJ index calculation.
9
Minuzzi, Rosandro Boligon. "Influência dos fenômenos El Niño e La Niña nos veranicos do Estado de Minas Gerais". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2003. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5273.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Previous issue date: 2003-07-10Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The daily precipitation data referring to 134 localities in the State of Minas Gerais, supplied by the Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA), were analyzed in order to characterize the rainy period (RP), as well as the event and duration of the dry spells occurring over the climatic events El Niño (EN) and La Niña (LN). At first, the beginning of the rainy periods (BRP) and the precipitation amount of the rainy period were analyzed, respectively based on the averages and normalized standard deviations of three annual series: El Niño, La Niña and neutral years. The influence of these phenomena on each 15-day period over the months from November to February were analyzed, by using the average and the standardized precipitation rate, as well as the behavior of each RP based on precipitation anomalies. For both analyses, seven stations were chosen according to the climatically homogeneous areas in Minas Gerais. Then, the frequency of dry spells was determined to intervals with four durations in these three series, and the dry spell was defined as a period with at least three dry consecutive days (precipitation ≤ 1 mm) during the rainy period. The method of Regression Analysis was used to relate the duration of the rainy period (RPD) and, or, BRP with the dry spells lasting from three to six days (A) and from seven to ten days (B), as well as the BRP and the total precipitation amount during RP with the dry spells classified as classes A and B, respectively. The results obtained for the influence of the EN and LN phenomena were georeferrenced by the interpolation method that materialized them into thematic maps generated by the Geographic Information System (GIS). The thematic maps were obtained, by involving of Minas Gerais State Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with the classification concerning to the total precipitation and RPD with the average frequencies of the dry spells. A characteristic of La Niña is to cause rains below the average on an extensive part of the State, as well as on half-Northeastern over events El Niño, and rains above the average on half- Southwestern Minas Gerais. The dry spells caused by LN on the North-Northeastern part of the State are due to the periods lasting more than 15 days, whereas on the South-Southwestern are due to the dry spells lasting from three to six days. Similarly, the dry spells on North-Northeastern of Minas Gerais during El Niño events, and the rains above the average on the half-Southwestern of the State cause an influence of the dry spells lasting three to six days.
Dados diários de precipitação de 134 localidades do estado de Minas Gerais, fornecidos pela Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA), foram analisados com o intuito de caracterizar o período chuvoso (PC) e o comportamento na ocorrência e duração dos veranicos em anos de eventos climáticos El Niño (EN) e La Niña (LN). Inicialmente, foram classificados o início dos períodos chuvosos (IPC) e a quantidade pluviométrica do PC, baseados, respectivamente, nas médias e desviospadrão normalizados de três séries, sendo elas: anos de El Niño, anos de La Niña e anos neutros. Conjuntamente, foram analisadas a influência destes fenômenos nas quinzenas dos meses de novembro a fevereiro, com a utilização da média e do índice padronizado de precipitação e o comportamento de cada PC baseando-se nas anomalias de precipitação. Ambas análises, para sete estações distribuídas por regiões climaticamente homogêneas de Minas Gerais. Em seguida, determinou-se a freqüência de ocorrência de veranicos para quatro intervalos de duração nas três séries, sendo definido, como veranico, o período de pelo menos três dias secos (precipitação ≤ 1 mm) consecutivos durante o período chuvoso. Foi utilizado o método de análise de regressão, para relacionar a duração do período chuvoso (DPC) e, ou, IPC com os veranicos com duração de três a seis dias (A) e de sete a dez dias (B), e o IPC, total pluviométrico durante o PC com os veranicos de classes A e B. Os resultados referentes à influência dos fenômenos EN e LN foram geoespacializados, utilizando-se método de interpolação que os materializou em forma de mapas gerados por intermédio de um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG). Foram efetuadas sobreposições de temas, envolvendo o relevo do Estado com a classificação referente ao total pluviométrico e da DPC com as freqüências médias de veranicos. A La Niña possui uma característica marcante de ocasionar chuvas abaixo da média em grande parte do Estado, da mesma forma para a metade nordeste em episódios do El Niño e chuvas acima da média na metade sudoeste de Minas Gerais. As estiagens ocasionadas pela LN, no Norte- Nordeste do Estado, são devidas a períodos superiores a 15 dias de duração e no sul-sudoeste aos veranicos com duração de três a seis dias. Da mesma forma, ocorre para as estiagens no Norte-Nordeste de Minas Gerais, durante eventos El Niño e as chuvas acima da média na metade sudoeste ocasionam uma influência, somente, por parte dos veranicos com duração de três a seis dias.
10
Caesar, John. "The influence of sea surface temperature patterns on the winter monsoon over Southeast Asia". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251502.
Testo completo
11
Diadamo, Fiona. "Nino Ricci's Lives of the saints : le ambiguità dell'immigrato". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79932.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A large part of Canadian literature being produced today is being done by immigrants and the children of immigrants. Struggling between the dominant culture and the history and traditions of their parents, whom they desire to honor, these writers adopt modes of representation ranging from the elegiac to the ironic.Nino Ricci's first book Lives of the Saints begins from the perspective of Vittorio as an adult, but the narrative that the reader follows is developed from his perspective as a child focusing on his ethnic roots. The narrative structure is two-fold: it is a combination of the objectivity of a child's innocent observations with a child's sense of wonder and magic and a strong influence from the adult narrator's voice.
This thesis will examine the narrative approach, the rhetorical devices and the use of myth that Ricci harnesses in his novel in order to show how his work is marked with ambiguity and paradox which points to the psychological condition of immigrants in Canada. The discussion will also focus on some of the literary models that influenced Ricci's narrative, such as Alice Munro, Carlo Levi and Corrado Alvaro.
12
Thompson, Christopher J. "A linear, stochastic, dynamical model of El Nino/southern oscillation /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6754.
Testo completo
13
Lai, Wang Chun. "Characterisations of different El Nino types, their physical causes and predictions". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271824.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most important interannual mode of climate variability in the tropical Pacific affecting the globe through teleconnections. The evolution of ENSO is studied with focus on individual El Nino (EN) events; factors and processes explaining the behaviours of different EN flavours are identified. The comparison to model simulations reveals a number of biases that explain differences in model behaviour. Based on reanalysis data, ENs are divided into Central Pacific (CPEN), Eastern Pacific (EPEN), and Hybrid (HBEN). ENs are found to form a continuous spectrum of events with CPEN and EPEN as its end members depending on: (1) the Western Pacific subsurface potential temperature anomaly (PTA) about 1 year before the EN peak, and (2) the Western to Central Pacific cumulative zonal wind anomaly (ZWA) between the onset and peak of the EN. Using these two parameters, about 70% of the total variance of the maximum EN SSTA can be explained up to 6 months in advance. ZWA describes the potential for triggering Kelvin waves for a given initial West Pacific recharge state as captured by PTA. A cross-validated statistical model is developed to hindcast the 1980-2016 Nov-Dec-Jan (NDJ) mean Niño3.4 SSTA based on the two parameters. The model is comparable to, or even outperforms, many NOAA Climate Prediction Centre's statistical models during the boreal spring predictability barrier. The explained variance between observed and predicted NDJ Niño3.4 SSTA at a lead-time of 8 months is 57% using five years for cross-validation. Predictive skills are lower after 2000 when the mean climate state is more La Niña-like due to stronger equatorial easterly ZWA caused by an intensification of both, Walker and Hadley cell. The ability of climate models to simulate and predict EN is assessed with data from the Climate Model Inter-comparison Project 5 (CMIP5). Most models are able to capture the main features of different EN types. But models struggle to reproduce large intensity ENs as found in observations. This issue can be traced back to a failure to realistically simulate the oceanic recharged state and the subsequent Kelvin waves for intense EN. Causes of EN involve Kelvin waves that are triggered by westerly wind bursts (WWB). From higher temporal resolution of reanalysis data, WWBs above a certain threshold are required to trigger a Kelvin wave. Kelvin waves are triggered in locations of positive Ocean Heat Content (OHC) anomalies. Intensity, longitudinal coverage and duration of a WWB, the strength of the OHC anomaly and gradient influence the amplitude of Kelvin waves as they propagate. Synoptic pattern analysis suggests that most WWBs are caused by cyclones with the combination of an active Madden-Julian Oscillation. The NorESM is able to reproduce many characteristics of observed WWBs, OHC anomalies and their relation to Kelvin waves. However, differences are noticeable for the distribution of synoptic patterns causing WWBs in the model. In future work, climate models can be used to disentangle causes and effects of EN for correlations identified here with the ultimate goal to advance our understanding of ENSO, its variability and future changes.
14
Persson, Söderman Jennie. "El nino- Southern ocsillation och de tropiska cyklonerna i Stilla havet". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179369.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Referat De tropiska cyklonerna har både skrämt och fascinerat människor genom tiderna och det pågår en hel del forskning kring dem. I detta arbete studeras om El niño‐Southern ocsillation påerkar antalet, intensiteten eller livslägden påde tropiska cyklonerna i Stilla havet. Till detta anväds temperaturdata frå bojar som den amerikanska väertjästen National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration placerat ut i Stilla havet och insamlad information kring de tropiska cyklonerna. Studien baseras pådata frå en 15ås period under åen 1995 till 2009. Studien visar bland annat att antalet tropiska cykloner påerkas relativt mycket av de olika faserna i El niñ‐ Southern oscillation. Ötra Stilla havet påerkades mest dä det under vad som visade sig vara ett starkt El niñå var uppemot 30 tropiska cykloner medan det under ett La niñå endast var strax öer 10. Äen livslägden påde tropiska cyklonerna visade sig påerkas nåot av de olika faserna i El niñ‐Southern oscillation men dåtill stösta del i vätra Stilla havet. Intensiteten däemot visade sig inte direkt påerkas.
15
Wessolowski, Nino [Verfasser], e Claus [Akademischer Betreuer] Barkmann. "Wirksamkeit von Dynamischem Licht im Schulunterricht / Nino Wessolowski. Betreuer: Claus Barkmann". Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1051935520/34.
Testo completo
16
Manobavan, Manoharadas. "The responses of terrestrial vegetation to El Nino southern oscillation perturbations". Thesis, Kingston University, 2003. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20363/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The enhanced warming effect possibly due to anthropogenic green house gas emissions has led to the derangement of global climatic mechanisms (especially at the interannual scale). This has led to the disturbances to the equilibrium of the Earth System and the interconnected self-regulatory processes. Terrestrial vegetation takes an active role in the regulation of the equilibrium of the Earth System by the processes of resistance and resilience. Whilst comprehensive and extensive modelling studies that investigate the effects of climatic change in terrestrial systems have been undertaken, few investigations have focused on the change and evolution in these systems from a holistic geophysiological perspective. In the first part of this thesis, econometric time-series modelling techniques were applied to National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data sets in order to evaluate the responses of terrestrial South American vegetation to the interannual El Nifio Southern Oscillation climatic perturbations. Lags between vegetation response and the El Nifio Southern Oscillation perturbations are identified and quantified. The results indicate that the terrestrial vegetation loses its sensitivity to El Nifio Southern Oscillation perturbations in the post 1993 period, leading to the hypothesis that the terrestrial system maybe showing a Gaian behaviour that would enable homeostasis in the system of concern. The null hypothesis of this was tested using a stochastic Auto Regressive Integrative Moving Average model, which further strengthens the argument put forward by the hypothesis. Further comprehensive analysis was performed by using the Hybrid version 4.1, a mechanistical model of vegetation dynamics to test the effects of varying changes in the phase and amplitudes of the El Nino Southern Oscillation on terrestrial vegetation. Simulations of different interannual El Nino Southern Oscillation climatic scenarios under varying trends for increases in atmospheric C02 concentrations confirm the possibility of such a homeostatic property in the terrestrial vegetation system within its geophysiological limits.
17
Geer, Alan Jon. "Climate studies and model validation using satellite 6.7#mu#m water vapour data". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325605.
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Fan, Yun. "ENSO prediction and predictability in an intermediate coupled model". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390461.
Testo completo
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Putman, Brian Seth. "Modeling Flightless Galapagos Seabirds as Impacted by El Nino and Climate Change". NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/24.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Noteworthy species endemic to the Galapagos Islands off Ecuador are two flightless birds, the Galapagos Penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) and Flightless Cormorant (Phalacrocrax harrisi). Both adapted increased swimming ability at the cost of flight. This however has limited their ability to find richer feeding grounds in times of low resource availability, or to escape potential predators. Their population numbers, though small, were stable. Stress on this stability has increased since human arrival. Various invasive species from pets, farm animals and rats to even mosquito vectors of avian disease accompanied humans. . El Nino Southern Oscillation or ENSO cycles of warm waters in the Pacific Ocean south of the Equator cause drastic drops in food sources for all Galapagos seabirds. Serious ENSO events in 1983 and 1998 caused some species’ populations to drop by as much as 77%. Periodic less severe cycles may help explain how population recovery has not rebounded to earlier numbers. Reduced chick survival and adult fecundity seem to occur in concert with mild events. With available data and use of a modeling approach, this study focuses and explores their situations. Restoring population stability may include use of models, species monitoring, conservation and limiting invasive species. Usher matrices based on different climate conditions were produced using data combined from current and past census counts and weather. Models are used to compare available census data and test reliable predictors. Climate data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the University of Florida provides for testing predictions of current and probable future climate change. Life histories of both species are regarded. Results suggest the current Cormorant population is still stable. The Penguin, however, faces a 20% probability of extinction in 100 years if current conditions remain. Extinction probability rises to 60% if climate change continues to worsen. Interventions such as captive breeding could be suitable for population recovery.
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Luan, Yihua. "Analyses of the response of tropical Pacific mean state and ENSO variability to external forcing factors in the early and mid-holocene". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0064.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse s’intéresse aux liens entre les changements de caractéristiques de El Niño Southern Oscillation et les changements de climat moyen. Des simulations réalisées avec les modèles de climat IPSL_CM4 et FGOALS_g1. 1 ont permis de tester la réponse de l’état moyen et de la variabilité interannuelle du Pacifique tropical à différents facteurs externes ayant modulé le climat de l’Holocène comme les variations des paramètres orbitaux, la présence d’une calotte résiduelle ou à la fonte de la calotte en Atlantique Nord, ou les téléconnections entre l’Indien et le Pacifique Des analyses composites des événements El Niño et La Niña de ses simulations indiquent que 1) le forçage orbital et le flux d’eau amortissent le cycle saisonnier de la temperature du surface dans l’est de Pacifique au début de l’Holocène et à L’Holocène moyen 2) Le forçage orbitale amortit aussi l’amplitude de la variabilité ENSO, alors que le flux d’eau l’amplifie. 3) L’état moyen de l’océan et de l’atmosphère contribuent à moduler l’amplitude de la réponse à l’insolation. 4) La dynamique océanique dans les mers indonésiennes joue un role important dans l’interaction entre le dipôle de l’océan indien et l’ENSO. Par rapport aux études précédentes les résultats font ressortir le rôle amplificateur des interactions air-mer et des nuages. Ils montrent également que le couplage océan-atmosphère dans les tropiques et très sensible au phasage saisonnier entre les perturbations externes et le développement des anomalies interannuelles, mais que l’amplitude peut être fortement modulée par l’état climatique moyen. Ces résultats peuvent permettre d’interpréter la diversité de représentation d’ENSO et de ses variations dans les modèles de climat. Ils donnent également des éléments pour raffiner l’interprétation des différents enregistrements paleoclimatiques à haute résolutionThe objective of this PhD was to bring some insight on the link between changes in the characteristics of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and change in the mean climate state. Using the IPSL_CM4 and FGOALS_g1. 1 coupled ocean-atmosphere model, we have performed sensitivity experiments to analyze the response of the mean state and interannual variations in the tropical Pacific to Holocene variations in orbital parameters and to remote forcing originated from a remnant ice sheet or ice sheet melting in the Atlantic, as well as teleconnections with the Indian Ocean. Composite analyses of these simulations indicate that 1) Orbital forcing and freshwater flux both dampen the seasonal cycle in the east Pacific in the early and mid-Holocene. 2) The orbital forcing also dampens the interannual variability whereas the freshwater flux enhances it. 3) ENSO amplitude could be affected not only by the ocean mean state, but also by the atmosphere mean state. 4) The ocean dynamics in the Indonesian Sea plays an important role in the interaction between IOD and ENSO. Compared to previous studies this work established that air-sea interaction and clouds in the tropical Pacific could enlarge the impact of the external forcing factors. It also highlight that the tropical air-sea coupling system is very sensitive to the seasonal phasing of the external forcing signals and the development of internal anomalies, but that the magnitude of the response depends on the annual mean state. This may help understand model biases in simulating the modern ENSO amplitude and period. It also provides guidelines to refine the interpretation of high resolution proxy records
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Pagano, Thomas Christopher, e Thomas Christopher Pagano. "THE ROLE OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY IN OPERATIONAL WATER SUPPLY FORECASTING FOR THE WESTERN UNITED STATES". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194261.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The single greatest uncertainty in seasonal water supply forecasts is the amount of precipitation falling after the forecast issue date. There has been a long history of attempting to incorporate seasonal climate forecasts into operational water supply forecasts. The skill of these precipitation forecasts remains low especially compared to highly confident snow-based streamflow forecasts. Early in the season (e.g., September-December), however, large-scale climate indices are the best available predictors of future water supplies. This dissertation suggests practical methods for issuing climate-based operational streamflow forecasts.This study also documents the existence of strong decadal trends in water supply forecast skill. Across the Western US, 1 April forecast skill peaked in the 1960-1970s and has been on the decline more recently. The high skill period was a very calm period in the Western US, with a near absence of extreme (wet or dry) spring precipitation events. In contrast, the period after 1980 has had the most variable, persistent, and skewed spring and summer streamflows in the modern record. Spring precipitation is also now more variable than it has been since at least the 1930s. This rise in spring precipitation variability in the Colorado/Rio Grande Basins and the Pacific Northwest is the likely cause behind the recent decline in water supply forecast skill.
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Vidrinskaitė, Skirmantė. "Zwischen Orient und Okzident. Zu Raumdarstellungen in Essad Beys Roman „Ali und Nino“". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110616_103903-97282.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Der Orient und der Okzident sind zwei von Menschen, von Gesellschaft geschaffene räumliche Einheiten, die zu geographischen Zonen zugeordnet werden können. Gleichzeitig haben die beiden Begriffe eine kulturelle Bedeutung. Die Modernität, die Aufklärung und die Demokratie unterscheiden den Westen von den rückständig gebliebenen, undemokratischen Osten. Das Gegenbild, die Gegenidee, die Gegenpersönlichkeit und die Gegenerfahrung des Orients sind zum Eigenbild des Europäers geworden. Die Bilder der Anderen, die Abgrenzung zwischen die eigenen und fremden Kulturen hilft zur Erkennung des eigenen Identität.
Jeder Handlung der literarischen Texte spielt in einem Raum. Dieser Raum stellt einen fiktiven Ort der Handlung, der gleichzeitig eine kulturelle Bedeutung hat. Die koloniale Literatur wird vor allem mit „binären Raummodelle“ geprägt. Der Raum der Handlung wird durch eine imaginative Grenze in zwei Bereichen abgetrennt, die nach bestimmten Hierarchie zugeorgnet werden: der eigene und fremde Raum.
Kurban Said alias Lev Nussimbaum alias Mohammed Essad Bey ist ein Autor, dessen Wurzeln in Orient liegen. Er ist in einer toleranter, multikultureller Stadt Baku in Aserbeidschan aufgewachsen. In seinem Roman „Ali und Nino“ stellt der Autor seine Heimatstadt als eine Stadt dar, die weder zur Orient noch zur Okzident gehört, sondern ein Raum ist, wo die beiden Welten sich treffen und unmerklich in einander vermischen. Die Hauptstadt Baku von Aserbeidschan wird als eine Brücke zwischen... [der volle Text, siehe weiter]Orientas ir okcidentas – tai dvi žmogaus sukurtos erdvės sąvokos, kuriomis apibūdinama ne tik geografinė teritorija, bet ir tam tikros kultūrinės vertybės. Pasaulis suskirstytas i dvi kategorijas: Vakarai ir Rytai. Vakarų pasauliui priskiriamos tokios vertybės kaip modernumas, švietimas ir demokratija, tuo tarpu rytų šalys laikomos atsilikusiomis kulturos ir švietimo atžvilgiu bei demokratijos stoka. Pastarajai kategorijai priskiriamos Afrikos ir Azijos valstybės, kuriose gyvena islamo išpažintojai. Edvardas Saidas nustatė, jog mūsų pasaulio suskirstymas į orientą ir oksidentą, savos ir kitos kultūros žmonių supriešinimas buvo reikalingas tam, kad suvoktume savo tapatybė. Kiekvieno literatūrinio kūrinio veiksmas vyksta tam tikroje erdvėje. Ši erdvė atlieka dvigubą funkciją: vienavertus veiksmas vyksta kūrinio autoriaus išgalvotoje vietoje, tačiau ta išgalvota vieta turi dažniausiai realių atitikmenį kasdieninėje tikrovėje. Kolonizmo epochoje orientas tapo žemesne kategorija. Oriento gyventojai buvo laikomi bejėgiais, kuriuos reikia valdyti. Tokia nuomonė buvo diegiama tekstų pagalba. Norėdama atsakyti į klausimą, kaip orientas vaizduojamas literatūriniame kūrinyje, pasirinkau autorių, kilusį iš šalies, priskiriamos orientui. Kurbanas Saidas užaugo tolerantiškumu ir daugiakultūriškumu išsiskiriančioje Azerbaidženo sostinėje. Romane „Ali ir Nino” vaizduojamas miestas, kuriame susikerta dviejų visiškai skirtingų kultūrų ribos. Baku neįmanoma priskirti nei orientui, nei... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Orient and okcidentas - the two man-made space concept, which describes not only the geographical area, but also a certain cultural values. The world is divided into two categories: the West and East. The Western world include the values of modernity, democracy and education, while the eastern countries are backward in respect of culture and education, and lack of democracy. Edward Said has found that a breakdown of our world in the Orient and Occidental, has its own culture and other people's confrontation was necessary in order to realize their own identity. For each literary work takes place in a given area. This area is twofold task: On one hand the author of the work takes place in an imaginary place, but the place is mostly a fictional counterpart of real everyday reality. Orient residents were considered to be powerless, to be managed. This perception has been installed help texts. To answer the question of how the orientation depicted in the literary piece, the author chose, originating from a country belonging to the Orient. Kurbanas Said grew up in tolerance and multiculturalism in a conspicuous Baku. In the novel "Ali and Nino" depicts a city where the two intersect completely different cultural boundaries. Tank can not be assigned to either the Orient, nor occidental. City by the bridge function, and become the third space. Novels set in the Caucasus area, the precise area. This area consists of many smaller units, which are united in a common set of a... [to full text]
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Fogt, Ryan Lee. "Investigation of the Southern Annular Mode and the El Nino - Southern Oscillation Interactions". The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1180462358.
Testo completo
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Liu, Yu, Kim M. Cobb, Huiming Song, Qiang Li, Ching-Yao Li, Takeshi Nakatsuka, Zhisheng An et al. "Recent enhancement of central Pacific El Nino variability relative to last eight centuries". NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624218.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The far-reaching impacts of central Pacific El Nino events on global climate differ appreciably from those associated with eastern Pacific El Nino events. Central Pacific El Nino events may become more frequent in coming decades as atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations rise, but the instrumental record of central Pacific sea-surface temperatures is too short to detect potential trends. Here we present an annually resolved reconstruction of NINO4 sea-surface temperature, located in the central equatorial Pacific, based on oxygen isotopic time series from Taiwan tree cellulose that span from 1190 AD to 2007 AD. Our reconstruction indicates that relatively warm Nino4 sea-surface temperature values over the late twentieth century are accompanied by higher levels of interannual variability than observed in other intervals of the 818-year-long reconstruction. Our results imply that anthropogenic greenhouse forcing may be driving an increase in central Pacific El Nino-Southern Oscillation variability and/or its hydrological impacts, consistent with recent modelling studies.
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Grubbs, Melodie. "Beach Morphodynamic Change Detection using LiDAR during El Nino Periods in Southern California". Thesis, University of Southern California, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10257407.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology combined with high-resolution differential Global Positioning Systems (dGPS) provide the ability to measure coastal elevation with high precision. This study investigates the use of LiDAR data and GIS to conduct time-series analyses of coastal sediment volume shifts during the 2006-2007 El Niño winter, Summer of 2007 and following 2007-2008 La Niña winter in the Oceanside Littoral Cell (OLC). The OLC, located in Southern California, spans from Dana Point to La Jolla and includes over 84 km of coastline. The ability to quantify sediment volume changes contributes to the scientific understanding of the role El Niño storms play in the OLC sand budget. This study provides a method to analyze LiDAR data to evaluate coastal geomorphologic changes over time. Additionally, identifying specific areas of coastal beach erosion associated with historical El Niño events can aid beach managers, planners, and scientists in protecting the valuable coastline. LiDAR datasets were prepared and formatted which included ground classifying millions of elevation points. Formatted datasets were inputted into an Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) model, creating high-resolution, 1-meter grid cell, Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). The EBK model also incorporated uncertainty into the workflow by producing prediction error surfaces. LiDAR-derived DEMs were used to calculate sediment volume changes through a technique called DEM differencing. Results were visualized through a series of maps and tables. Overall results show that there was a higher rate of beach sediment erosion during the 2006-2007 El Niño winter than the 2007-2008 La Niña winter. Sediment accretion was evident during the intermediary Summer of 2007. Future applications of this study include incorporating bathymetric datasets to understand near-shore sediment transport, evaluating sediment contribution through cliff erosion, and conducting decadal scale studies to evaluate long-term trends with sea level rise scenarios.
26
Peralta-Hernandez, Ana Rosa. "El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects on hydro-ecological parameters in central Mexico". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/298799.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The impacts of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on precipitation, reference evapotranspiration, and vegetation in a three-state region of central Mexico were investigated using daily weather data from 20 weather stations for the years 1970 through 1990, which included 5 El Nino years, 5 La Nina years, and 11 Neutral years. In addition, two years, 1997 (El Nino), and 1998 (La Nina) of 10-day NDVI composites were analyzed during the growing season (May-Oct) along with precipitation and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) over central Mexico. Regional precipitation trends were analyzed using the normalized rainfall departures. The interannual variation of vegetation cover was analyzed using the NDVI on 10-day and monthly bases. The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Penman-Monteith method was used to calculate ETo. The dynamics of the soil water balance in central Mexico was evaluated according to the method proposed by Thornthwaite and Mather. Analyses indicate that driest conditions occurred within the northern part of the region and during neutral ENSO years. Rainfall amounts during El Nino and Neutral years were not statistically different however, La Nina years were about 30% wetter than N and EN years (0.05 level). The correlation coefficient between NDVI and precipitation was 0.79 in 1997, and 0.52 in 1998, in June and July, respectively. Negative correlation was found between NDVI and reference evapotranspiration during the rainy months of July and August. The spatio-temporal variability of NDVI showed that there was significant statistical difference in NDVI between regions, but not between years. Regional soil water balance determinations indicated that conditions were most favorable in the Southern part of the region for crop growth during La Nina years. In general, soil water deficits were reduced by about 50% during the growing season compared to the annual soil water deficits.
27
Mosquera, Vasquez Kobi A. "L'onde de Kelvin équatoriale océanique intrasaisonnière et les événements El Nino du Pacifique central". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30324/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le phénomène El Niño est le mode dominant de la variabilité du climat aux échelles de temps interannuelles dans le Pacifique tropical. Il modifie considérablement le climat régional dans les pays voisins, dont le Pérou pour lequel les impacts socio-économiques peuvent être dramatiques. Comprendre et prévoir El Niño reste un enjeu prioritaire pour la communauté climatique. Des progrès significatifs dans notre compréhension du phénomène El Niño et dans notre capacité à le prédire ont été réalisés dans les années 80, en particulier grâce à la mise en place du système d'observation dans le Pacifique tropical (programme de TOGA, en particulier, ainsi que l'émergence de l'ère des satellites). À la fin du XXe siècle, alors que de nouvelles théories scientifiques ont été proposées et testées, les progrès réalisés dans le domaine de la modélisation numérique et de l'assimilation de données ont conduit à l'idée que le phénomène El Niño pourrait être prévu avec au moins deux ou trois saisons à l'avance. Or, depuis le début du 21ième siècle, les manifestations du phénomène El Niño ont réduit cette expectative: un nouveau type d'El Niño est a été découvert - identifié par des anomalies de température moins intenses et localisées dans le centre du Pacifique équatorial. Ce phénomène, connu sous le nom CP El Niño pour El Niño Pacifique Central ou El Niño Modoki a placé la communauté scientifique devant un nouveau défi. Cette thèse est une contribution à l'effort international actuel pour comprendre la dynamique de ce nouveau type d'El Niño, dans le but de proposer des mécanismes expliquant sa présence accrue au cours des dernières décennies. Plus précisément, l'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier le rôle des ondes longues équatoriales dans le Pacifique tropical sur la dynamique océanique et la thermodynamique associées au phénomène El Niño de type Pacifique Central. Cette thèse s'intéresse tout d'abord au premier CP El Niño du 21ième siècle, le phénomène El Niño 2002/03, à partir des sorties d'un modèle de circulation océanique général. Ensuite, nous documentons les caractéristiques des ondes équatoriales de Kelvin aux fréquences Intra Saisonnières (ISKw) sur la période 1990-2011, fournissant une statistique de l'activité des ondes ISKw durant l'évolution des événements El Niño de type Central Pacifique. Nos résultats montrent que l'onde ISKw subit une forte dissipation dans le Pacifique Est, qui est interprétée comme provenant de la dispersion des ondes lorsqu'elles rencontrent le front zonal de la stratification dans l'Est du Pacifique (i.e. la pente de la thermocline d'Ouest en Est). Une réflexion partielle de l'onde ISKw en onde de Rossby équatoriale de près de 120°W est également identifiée, ce qui peut expliquer le confinement dans le Pacifique central des anomalies de température de surface associées aux événements El Niño de type Central Pacifique. Nous suggérons que la fréquence accrue au cours des dernières années des événements CP El Niño peut être associée à l'état froid - de type La Niña - observé dans le Pacifique Equatorial depuis les années 90 et les changements dans la variabilité saisonnière de la profondeur de la thermocline depuis les années 2000The El Niño phenomenon is the dominant mode of climate variability at interannual timescales in the tropical Pacific. It modifies drastically the regional climate in surrounding countries, including Peru for which the socio-economical impacts can be dramatic. Understanding and predicting El Niño remains a top-priority issue for the climatic community. Large progress in our understanding of El Niño and in our ability to predict it has been made since the 80s thanks to the improvement of the observing system of the tropical Pacific (TOGA program and emergence of the satellite era). At the end of the Twentieth century, whereas new theories were proposed and tested, progress in numerical modeling and data assimilation led to the idea that El Niño could be predicted with at least 2 or 3 seasons in advance. The observations since the beginning of the 21st century have wiped out such expectation: A new type of El Niño, known as the Central Pacific El Niño (CP El Niño) or Modoki El Niño has put the community in front of a new challenge. This thesis is a contribution to the current international effort to understand the dynamics of this new type of El Niño in order to propose mechanisms explaining its increased occurrence in recent decades. More specifically, the objective of the thesis is to study the role of the oceanic equatorial waves in the dynamic and thermodynamic along the equatorial Pacific Ocean, focusing on the CP El Niño. This thesis first takes a close look at the first CP El Niño of the 21st century of this type, i.e. the 2002/03 El Niño, based on an Oceanic General Circulation Model. Then it documents the characteristics of the IntraSeasonal Kelvin waves (ISKws) over the period 1990-2011, providing a statistics on the ISKws activity during the evolution of CP El Niño events. We find that the ISKw experiences a sharp dissipation in the eastern Pacific that is interpreted as resulting from the scattering of energy associated to the zonal contrast in stratification (i.e. sloping thermocline from west to east). Partial reflection of the ISKw as Rossby waves near 120°W is also identified, which may explain the confinement of CP El Niño warming in the central Pacific. We suggest that the increased occurrence of CP El Niño in recent years may be associated to the La Niña-like state since the 90s and changes in the seasonality of the thermocline since the 2000s
28
Martinez, Bradley William. "Intertextual Relationships in Nino Rota's Concerto per Trombone E Orchestra, the Godfather, and Fortunella". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10784437.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nino Rota was most well known as a composer of film music, notably The Godfather Parts I & II. He also composed music for several other films including the Italian comedy Fortunella. This score has been credited as the reason the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences declined to nominate Rota for Best Original Music for The Godfather due to similarities between the two soundtracks. Because of this, scholars such as Franco Sciannameo and Marcia Citron have compared the two films. In this paper, I will introduce a piece of Rota’s concert music into this discussion, his Concerto per Trombone e Orchestra . This concerto connects the films chronologically: it was composed in 1966, eight years after Fortunella and six years before The Godfather . I will examine several themes of these three pieces using the literary element of intertextuality to show how they relate to one another.
Rota was known to borrow themes between his concert music and film music and vice versa, as he saw little difference between the two. Some themes have appeared in multiple pieces and scores spanning decades, not just in the three pieces discussed in this paper. These themes appear with different amounts of variation throughout Fortunella, the Concerto per Trombone, and The Godfather. At some points, they may be note-for-note, and at other points include some variations. Some of the similar themes between these three pieces include two themes in Fortunella, the “Love Theme,” “The Godfather Waltz,” and “The Pickup” from The Godfather, and three figures from Movements I and II from the Concerto per Trombone. Additionally, many of the film score themes serve a purpose similar to a Wagnerian leitmotif, but that purpose does not necessarily remain the same across films. Despite some common themes, these pieces of music utilize contrasting styles. Some of this difference may also be due to the relationship and differences in personal backgrounds between Rota and his closest collaborator, Federico Fellini, whom he worked with on Fortunella, and Francis Ford Coppola, director of The Godfather. This stylistic contrast becomes especially apparent when comparing the music Rota composed for films versus the concert hall, such as the Concerto per Trombone. This comparison and relationship between these three pieces can be viewed as an intertextual relationship, as would exist between pieces of literature quoting or referencing one another. These relationships add an extra layer of complexity to the text when understood by the reader, listener, or, in this case, performer. Understanding the intertextual relationships between Rota’s Concerto per Trombone and his scores for The Godfather and Fortunella, will add depth to a trombonist’s performance of this concerto.
29
RAIMONDO, VALENTINA. "L'ARCHIVIO NINO FRANCHINA. DOCUMENTI E IMMAGINI PER LA RICOSTRUZIONE CRITICA DI UNA VICENDA ARTISTICA". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/172666.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nino Franchina Archive. Documents and images for a critical reconstruction of an artistic event.
PhD thesis by Valentina Raimondo
The purpose of the research was to reconstruct the artistic path of the Sicilian sculptor Nino Franchina considering his work from the beginning of his career during the Thirties until 1987 when he died.
The author of the text have tried to consider the most relevant events that occurred in the sculptor’s life, the main artworks he have realized and, in the meantime, to show which artists have inspired his work.
The fundamental instrument, used by Raimondo, to achieve the aim of the research is the consultation of the materials preserved in Nino Franchina Archive in Rome. Thanks to the numerous documents, drawings, sculptures and photos that the writer has found inside the archive it was possible to evaluate in an appropriate manner the artist’s figure and to unearth it from the oblivion of the past twenty years.
30
Shorthouse, Caroline. "Effects of climatic variability on spatial characteristics of European river flows". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310535.
Testo completo
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San, Pedro Siqueira Leo. "Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Perspective on Climate Predictability". Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/674.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nonlinear dynamical systems theory has inspired a new set of useful tools to be applied in climate studies. In this work we presented specific examples where information has been gained by the application of methods from nonlinear dynamical systems theory. The main goal is to understand the relative importance of stochastic forcing versus deterministic coupling within the context of Coupled General Circulation Models. This work address this important subject by approaching this goal through the development of a hierarchy of models with increasing complexity that we assert contain the essential dynamics of ENSO. We examined the effect of noise in a low order model and found that it is not restricted to blurring the attractor trajectories in phase space, but includes important changes in the dynamics of the system. The main results indicate that the presence of noise in a nonlinear system has two different effects. The presence of noise acts to increase the maximum Lyapunov exponent and can result in noise induced chaos if the system was originally stable. However, the same arguments are not valid if the original system is already in the chaotic regime, where the noise inclusion acts to decrease the maximum Lyapunov exponent, therefore increasing the system stability. The system of interest includes coupled ocean-atmosphere interactions and here we mimic this interaction by coupling two low order models with very different dominant time scales. These subsystems interact in a complex, nonlinear way and the behavior of the whole system cannot be explained by a linear summation of dynamics of the system parts. We used information theory concepts to detect the influence of the slow system dynamics in synchronizing the fast system in coupled models. We introduced a fast-slow coupled system, where both the slowness of the ocean model and the intensity of the boundary forcing anomalies contribute to the asymmetry and phase locking of both subsystems. The mechanisms controlling the fast modelspread were uncovered revealing uncertainty dynamics depending on the location of ensemble members in the model’s phase space. As an intermediate step between low order models and CGCMs we study the effect of noise on an intermediate complexity model. The addition of gaussian noise to the Zebiak-Cane model in order to understand the effects of noise on its attractor led to a way of estimating the noise level based on the effects of noise on the correlation dimension curves. We investigate the intrinsic predictability of the coupled models used here, and the different time scales associated with fast and slow modes were detected using the Finite Size Lyapunov Exponents. We found new estimates for the prediction horizon of ENSO for the Zebiak-Cane model as well as for the NCAR CCSM3 model and observations. The whole analysis of observations and CCSM3 was possible after applying noise reduction techniques. We also improved our understanding of three different noise reduction techniques by comparing the Local Projective Noise Reduction, the Interactive Ensemble strategy, and a Random Interactive Ensemble applied to CCSM3. The main difference between these two noise reduction techniques is when the process is applied. The Local Projective Noise Reduction can be applied to both model and observations, and it is done a posteriori in phase space, therefore the trajectories to be adjusted already posses the physical mechanisms embedded in them. The Interactive Ensemble approach can only be applied to model simulations and has shown to be a very useful technique for noise reduction since its done a priori while the system evolves instead of a posteriori, besides the fact that it allows to retrieve the spatial distribution of the noise level in physical space.
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Izumo, Takeshi. "Le sous-courant équatorial et les échanges de masse et de chaleur associés dans le Pacifique tropical : variabilité, liens avec les événements El Nino-La Nina". Toulouse 3, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006355.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le sous-courant équatorial (EUC), les cellules de circulation méridienne l'alimentant, et leur rôle primordial dans le Pacifique équatorial sur El Niño et sa variabilité décennale, sont étudiés en combinant données in situ et modélisation. Les trajectoires des masses d'eaux dans un modèle numérique réaliste révèlent des recharges/décharges complexes et asymétriques associées à l'El Niño-La Niña de 1997-1998. A partir des données des mouillages TAO méthodiquement bouchées, des séries continues du débit, de la température et de la profondeur de l'EUC sont construites sur 1980-2002 et analysées. Sur 1951-1999 dans le modèle validé, l'EUC, la convergence dans la thermocline, la divergence en surface et l'upwelling équatorial ont les même variations en débit, toutes causées par la tension de vent zonale intégrée zonalement, en accord avec des théories linéaires. Les forts impacts de ces variations de débit et de celles de température sur les bilans de masse et de chaleur sont quantifiésThe equatorial undercurrent (EUC), the shallow meridional overturnings cells feeding it, and their essential role in the equatorial Pacific for El Niño and decadal variability, are studied using both in situ data and model. Trajectories of water masses in a realistic numerical model reveal complex and asymmetric recharges/discharges associated with the 1997-1998 El Niño-La Niña events. Using TAO/TRITON moored data of current and temperature at the equator, with their gaps carefully filled, continuous time series of mass transport, temperature, depth and kinetic energy of the EUC are constructed over 1980-2002 and analysed. Over 1951-1999 in the validated model, EUC, pycnocline convergence, surface divergence and equatorial upwelling have the same variations in mass transport, all caused by zonal wind stretch integrated zonally, in agreement with linear theories. The strong impacts of these variations in mass transport and of those in temperature on mass and heat budgets are quantified
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Hardt, Nino [Verfasser], e Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Büschken. "Heterogenität im Antwortverhalten bei Kundenzufriedenheitsbefragungen : ein bayesianischer Mixture-Modell-Ansatz / Nino Hardt. Betreuer: Joachim Büschken". Eichstätt-Ingolstadt : Universitätsbibliothek der Katholischen Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018767851/34.
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Gagua, Nino [Verfasser]. "Der Schutz des Versicherungsnehmers im deutschen Versicherungsvertragsgesetz als Leitmodell für das georgische Privatversicherungsrecht / Nino Gagua". Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1180213661/34.
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Riley, Emily Marie. "A Global Survey of Clouds by CloudSat". Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/198.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With the launch of CloudSat, direct observations of cloud vertical structure became possible on the global scale. This thesis utilizes over two years of CloudSat data to study large-scale variations of clouds. We compose a global data set of contiguous clouds (echo objects, EOs) and the individual pixels comprising each EO. For each EO many attributes are recorded. EOs are categorized according to cloud type, time of day, season, surface type, and region. From the categorization we first look at gross global climatology of clouds. Maps of cloud cover are subdivided by EO (cloud) type, and results compare well with previous CloudSat work. The seasonality of cloud cover is also examined. Focus topics studied in this thesis include: (1) mid-level clouds, (2) stratocumulus clouds, and (3) clouds across the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). The mid-level cloud work found an unexpected frequency peak in EO top heights between 7-8 km in the tropics, further shown to correspond to a global peak in EO top temperature between -15°C ? -20°C. Hypotheses are discussed regarding cause of this feature. Stratocumulus clouds are defined as low-level (tops < 4.5 km), wide (width > 11 km) EOs. Stratocumulus cloud cover agrees (with understandable differences) with other estimates (ISCCP and CALIPSO). The seasonal cycle of stratocumulus over the main stratocumulus decks is examined. The Peruvian and Namibian decks have increased cloud cover in austral spring in 2007 vs. 2006, corresponding sensibly to sea surface temperature differences and changes in lower static stability. Looking at rain and drizzle statistics, wider EOs are found to drizzle more. Clouds across the MJO are defined relative to temporally filtered OLR data. Cloud cover (volume) doubles (triples) from suppressed to active MJO phases, with some shifts of the relative contributions of different EO types from the front to back of the MJO. Pixel statistics in dBZ-height space correspond to these cloud-type shifts. High anvils and low clouds in front lead deep convection followed by relatively lower anvils in the back.
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Hays, Kevin Austin Samuel, e Steven R. Ramp. "A water mass analysis of the 1991-1992 El Nino signal in the Farallon Islands region". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/24249.
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Cerda, Segali María de la Luz. "Fundamentación de los derechos humanos. Inspirada en el pensamiento de Hannah Arendt y Carlos Santiago Nino". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/129771.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tesis para optar al grado de Doctor en FilosofíaEl objetivo de esta investigación fue elaborar una fundamentación filosófica de los derechos humanos complementaria a las ya existentes, en la tradición del pensamiento filosófico. La fundamentación propuesta en este trabajo integra la visión de los derechos humanos expuesta por Hannah Arendt, con la fundamentación filosófica de los derechos esenciales desarrollada por Carlos Santiago Nino, así como también, las ideas propias de esta investigadora. El objeto de estudio de esta investigación fueron los derechos humanos y su fundamentación filosófica. En virtud de lo señalado, se indagó en el pensamiento de diversos autores, en lo concerniente a sus concepciones filosóficas de los derechos esenciales. No obstante, este estudio se centró principalmente en el pensamiento de Arendt y de Nino, con el propósito de descubrir los cimientos o base de apoyo teórico que subyace en el concepto mismo de los derechos del hombre. Asimismo, se intentó comprender los principios sobre los que se construye la idea de los derechos fundamentales, y cómo éstos se originaron e incorporaron en nuestros sistemas legales. Además, en este trabajo se investigó sobre las teorías filosóficas del derecho, más relevantes, me refiero, al iusnaturalismo y al iuspositivismo. La primera teoría del derecho postula la existencia de un conjunto de principios universales que inspirarían las normas y por ende, también, a los derechos esenciales. Estos derechos serían inherentes al ser humano, por lo tanto, anteriores y superiores a los sistemas legales existentes. La segunda teoría postula que los derechos humanos son un conjunto de normas, que se fundan sólo en la voluntad manifestada del legislador. El criterio de validez de la norma jurídica positiva es meramente formal, en tanto que, para la teoría iusnaturalista del derecho, el criterio de validez de la norma jurídica, se funda en la concordancia de la misma, con los principios morales y de justicia universales. La concepción arendtiana del hombre enfatiza en el aspecto político del ser humano. Ella sostiene que la individualidad sin acción y sin expresión dentro de un mundo común pierde todo su significado. De lo señalado, infiere que la pérdida de las cualidades políticas y del mundo que compartimos en común, resguardado por los derechos nacionales, constituye la violación más brutal de los derechos humanos. En cambio, Nino fundamenta los derechos humanos en determinados principios, que constituyen la base de una concepción liberal de la sociedad, éstos son, la inviolabilidad, la autonomía, el hedonismo, y la dignidad de la persona humana. Los principios mencionados, apuntan a la protección de la persona humana, frente a los actos del Estado, y enfatizan más bien, en el ser individual y en su búsqueda por la auto-realización, restándole la importancia que merece el ser social, político y en un entorno, del hombre. Dicho pensamiento podría conducir a una fragmentación del tejido social, toda vez que, en este paradigma filosófico, cada ser humano busca maximizar su realización personal sin considerar los objetivos comunes que podría ostentar una comunidad, en un determinado momento. En virtud de lo señalado, en esta investigación se sostuvo que los derechos humanos se protegerán y garantizarán de un mejor modo, en la medida que la concepción filosófica del hombre, que subyace tanto en las fundamentaciones como en las nociones filosóficas de los derechos humanos, contemple el mayor número de rasgos o expresiones propias del hombre, de tal modo que, las diversas expresiones -que constituyen los modos de ser, del ser humano- puedan ser resguardadas y garantizadas por el derecho como bienes jurídicos. Desde una perspectiva política, y teniendo en consideración el tratamiento otorgado, a los derechos humanos en Chile, bajo el Gobierno de la Junta Militar, en esta investigación se concluyó que el catálogo de los derechos humanos debe incorporarse al derecho positivo, de lo contrario, el ser humano permanece desprotegido ante las posibles actuaciones arbitrarias de los agentes del Estado. Además, a dichos derechos se les debe otorgar una jerarquía supraconstitucional en los sistemas legales, de tal modo que, las actuaciones de los agentes del Estado tengan un límite, cual es, el respeto absoluto a los derechos humanos de todos sus ciudadanos sin distinción alguna.
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Reichhardt, Ricardo. "Experimentações da fotografia contemporânea nas redes da criação de Rodrigo Braga, Nino Cais e Berna Reale". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19114.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Ricardo Reichhardt.pdf: 25441099 bytes, checksum: 00d4ee40833678c5e937764c7145f75c (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-28T17:30:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Reichhardt.pdf: 25441099 bytes, checksum: 00d4ee40833678c5e937764c7145f75c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-22
The objective of this dissertation is a reflection about the moment of contemporary experimentation which artists make use of language interaction and the critic about its comunicative aspects, and the formation of the individual, through the process of creation. We utilize the theorical reference of creation in process on the net, of semiotic basis (Peirce), developed by Cecília Salles; and the evolutive process of image production, developed by Lúcia Santaella. With the presentation of many expanded language theories, the reader is presented to the knowledge of the contemporary experimentation, the main pont of this work with which afterwards we can think about the context where each artist is and analise them. Subsequently we present and reflect about three brazilian artists that are in this “contemporary field”: Rodrigo Braga, Nino Cais and Berna Reale. The information explored is composed by a few works of them, photography and videography, analised by the technic point of view – or know-how – and the subjective quality of character – how its constitute. The artists that we have chosen develop very interesting works, each of them articulating information by themselves, serching for the real meaning of art: creation freedom to re-invent, innovate and to experiment different languages
Essa dissertação tem por objetivo uma reflexão sobre o momento de experimentação contemporânea, em que artistas se utilizam de interações de linguagens e o questionamento dos aspectos comunicativos e da constituição do sujeito, ao longo dos processos de criação. Utiliza-se o referencial teórico sobre processos de criação em rede, de base semiótica (linha peirceana), desenvolvido por Cecília Salles; e sobre o processo evolutivo de produção de imagem, desenvolvido por Lúcia Santaella. Com a apresentação e exposição das teorias que tratam da questão da expansão da linguagem, o leitor foi introduzido no conhecimento das bases da experimentação contemporânea, foco principal do nosso trabalho e requisito necessário para que nós pudéssemos entender o contexto em que os artistas analisados se encontram. Foram apresentados e estudados os trabalhos de três artistas brasileiros que se lançaram nesse campo da experimentação contemporânea: Rodrigo Braga, Nino Cais e Berna Reale. O corpus explorado é composto por algumas obras deles, fotográficas e videográficas, analisadas sob o ponto de vista técnico – o modo de fazer – e da subjetividade – como ela se constitui. Os artistas por nós escolhidos desenvolveram trabalhos bastante interessantes, cada qual articulando de uma maneira própria informações e recursos, no sentido de buscar, com suas obras artísticas, os verdadeiros caminhos do que é arte: liberdade de criação numa perspectiva de reinventar, inovar e experimentar linguagens
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Dakov, Nino [Verfasser], e Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Haas. "Elastohydrodynamische Simulation von Wellendichtungen am Beispiel der PTFE-Manschettendichtung mit Rückförderstrukturen / Nino Dakov ; Betreuer: Werner Haas". Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217253548/34.
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Subrani, Elena <1988>. "Il Romanzo di Nino tra due culture: analisi del testo, ricostruzione del contesto, definizione del genere". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8789/1/Subrani_%20Elena_Tesi.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dalla lettura e analisi dei frammenti restanti del Romanzo di Nino si evince che le dinamiche dei personaggi, seppur a grandi linee afferenti alla struttura del romanzo greco d’età imperiale, non corrispondono ad una matrice di cultura greca, perciò l’origine del testo va ricercata altrove, più precisamente nell’ambiente che immediatamente emerge dai frammenti, cioè quello mesopotamico. Molteplici elementi della trama di questo ‘romanzo’, che contengono in loro germi e modi che saranno ripresi in epoca imperiale, risultano fortemente influenzati, infatti, da schemi e plot del Vicino oriente antico. Tutto ciò appare congruo ad una cultura sincretica come quella ellenistica, età in cui nacque l’opera.
La ricerca si è svolta, dunque, in direzione di un’analisi di elementi, strutture e dettagli del mondo della narrativa mitologica vicino-orientale che potessero essere stati influenti per il plot del Romanzo di Nino. L’attenzione, in particolare, si è rivolta verso storie e miti della cultura sumera e assiro-babilonese e le possibilità di comparazione si sono rivelate notevoli. I miti in cui sono state ritrovate delle quasi precise corrispondenze sono quelli sumerici di Enlil e Ninlil ed Enlil e Sud, databili alla fine del III-inizio II millennio a.C.. La quantità e la qualità delle somiglianze tra questi miti e il nostro testo spinge sempre più a considerare l’opera, oggetto di ricerca, una rivisitazione erudita di antiche storie del Vicino Oriente Antico.
Non perdendo mai di vista il contesto storico in cui probabilmente è nato il testo, cioè quello ellenistico, e i luoghi in cui ha avuto con ogni probabilità il suo sviluppo, si è iniziato a cercare connessioni tra l’ambiente creatosi intorno ai sovrani ellenistici della dinastia dei Seleucidi, i quali all’epoca erano i reggenti di quell’area geografica, e i miti antichi che costituivano il sostrato culturale locale. Anche qui le connessioni sono risultate stringenti.By the reading and analysis of the remaining fragments of the Ninus Romance it can be seen that the dynamics of the characters, even if broadly related to the structure of the Greek novel of the Imperial Age, do not correspond to a Greek culture matrix, therefore the origin of the text was elsewhere, more precisely in the environment that immediately emerges from the fragments, namely the Mesopotamian one. Many elements of the plot of this 'novel', which contain in them germs and ways that will be taken up again in the Imperial Era, are strongly influenced, in fact, by patterns and plots of the ancient Near East. All these elements appear congruent to a syncretic culture like the Hellenistic one, the age in which the work was probably born. The research then took place in the direction of an analysis of elements, structures and details of the world of Near-Eastern mythological narrative that could have influenced the plot of Nino's novel. In particular, the attention has turned to stories and myths of Sumerian and Assyrian-Babylonian culture and the possibilities of comparison were remarkable. Enlil and Ninlil and Enlil and Sud, datable to the end of the III and the beginning of II millennium BC, are the Sumerian myths in which the almost precise correspondences have been found. The quantity and the quality of the similarities between these myths and our text pushes more to consider the work, object of research, an erudite revisitation of myths of the Ancient Near East. The analysis has turned to look for connections between the environment created around the Hellenistic kings of the dynasty of Seleucids, which at the time were the rulers of that geographical area, and the ancient myths that constituted the local cultural substratum. Even here the connections were strong.
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Dixon, Katherine P. "The Influence of Disease and Climate on Pinniped Species at Local and Regional Scales". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1491654430053451.
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Lozada, Prado Alí. "Derechos y Constitucionalismo Discursivo". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/54935.
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Peskan, Kimberly A. "A statistical assessment of the relationship of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation to Great Lakes water levels". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62265.pdf.
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Hatter, Nino [Verfasser]. "Fundamental Properties of Molecules on Surfaces : Molecular Switching and Interaction of Magnetic Molecules with Superconductors / Nino Hatter". Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1123572216/34.
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Sitler, Todd William. "An observational study of long waves in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1991-1993 El Nino". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28415.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedLong waves in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1991-1993 El Nino event were examined using temperature, current, and wind time series from the Tropical Oceans-Global Atmosphere Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TOGA-TAO) moored buoy array. Numerous episodes of long wave activity were detected. The most prominent episodes were associated with eastward propagating equatorial Kelvin waves and with westward propagating tropical instability waves and mixed Rossby-gravity waves. Equatorial Kelvin waves, which were generated by westerly wind events in the western and central Pacific, were evident in the data between 2 deg N to 5 deg S and from 170 deg W to 110 deg W. These Kelvin waves, which were most pronounced from 75 to 300 m, had periods of 40 to 70 days, eastward phase speeds of 1.9 to 6.5 m/s, and zonal wavelengths on the order of 10,000 km. These waves were most evident in the northern hemisphere fall and winter. The period of greatest Kelvin wave activity was August 1991 -May 1992, during the peak phase of the 1991-1993 El Nino event
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Loch, Florian Nino [Verfasser]. "Accuracy of various lymph node staging criteria in rectal cancer with magnetic resonance imaging / Florian Nino Loch". Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160515506/34.
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Rodriguez-Nino, Maria Angelica [Verfasser], e Benito A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Yard. "Implications of the carnosine-carnosinase system in diabetic nephropathy / Maria Angelica Rodriguez-Nino ; Betreuer: Benito A. Yard". Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223261727/34.
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Rodriguez-Nino, Maria Angelica Verfasser], e Benito A. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Yard. "Implications of the carnosine-carnosinase system in diabetic nephropathy / Maria Angelica Rodriguez-Nino ; Betreuer: Benito A. Yard". Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-heidok-290999.
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Marino, Francesca <1988>. "Proposta traduttiva ed analisi cotrastiva-traduttologica del libro: "Leggende e racconti popolari della Sicilia" di Nino Muccioli". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4738.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The thesis focuses on a translation proposal from the Italian language to Spanish of the book: “Leggende e racconti popolari della Sicilia” by Nino Muccioli and provide a translational analysis of it. The book contains some of the most popular Sicilian’s legends, every chapter refers to a story which take place in a province of Sicily. The chapters chosen for this work are: “Messina e la leggenda di Colapesce”, “Falaride di Agrigento”, “La leggenda di S. Rosalia”, “Enna e il ratto di Proserpina”, Ragusa e la legenda di Dafni”, “Siracusa e la leggenda di Aretusa”, Trapani e la storia di Vito Lucchio”, “Ciafar e Iras”, Le orme di S. Agata”, “S. Francesco di Paola”, “Le catacombe dei cappuccini e il conte Cagliostro”, “I diavoli della Zisa e la leggenda del duomo di Monreale” and L’opera dei Pupi”. This thesis hopes to pass down Sicilian culture even out of Sicily and to let people know how rich is its history.
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Savtchenko, Mikhail. "Les textes de chansons : entre le langage et la musique : (sur l'exemple de la chanson d'auteur des années 1950-1980)". Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080124.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le travail est consacré au texte de chanson en tant que phénomène. La chanson étant un genre synthétique, les modes de coopération entre ses deux principaux univers, le texte et la musique, sont étudiés, afin de voir quels effets de sens produit leur coexistence. Cela est réalisé sur l’exemple de la chanson française des années 1950-1980 : à l’intérieur de cette période, trois auteurs (Serge Gainsbourg, Boby Lapointe, Nino Ferrer) ont été choisis, dont la similitude des styles permet de les regrouper sous la même appellation de « chanson formaliste ». Ce type de chanson affiche un intérêt particulier pour les jeux linguistiques (calembours, allitérations) et autres procédés rhétoriques ou ludiques (pastiches, parodies) et met en œuvre une intertextualité riche. Ce caractère est souvent paradoxal, car la musique, qui dicte des contraintes comparables à l’état du vers français à l’époque métrique, gomme certains de ces effets formels, et le genre chanson en général tolère mal les jeux linguistiques complexes. Le statut problématique du texte de chanson est lié au fait que, techniquement, il ne diffère guère du poème et peut être mis dans le même contexte culturel (notamment en étant publié ou récité), alors que son mode de fonctionnement n’est pas le même. L’analyse des textes de la chanson formaliste révèle que si les procédés utilisés par Gainsbourg, Lapointe et Ferrer existent aussi dans la poésie, le texte de chanson possède des caractéristiques qui lui sont propres, notamment un rapport nécessaire avec les autres éléments de la chanson (la musique, la performance), ainsi que la linéarité temporelleThe thesis studies song lyrics as a concept. As the song is a synthetic genre, the modes of interaction between its two main domains, words and music, are studied, along with the effects of their coexistence. The example used it that of the French chanson of the 1950s – 1980s. Within this period, the study focuses on three authors (Serge Gainsbourg, Boby Lapointe, Nino Ferrer), whose songs, on account of their stylistic similarities, can be considered examples of the “formalist chanson”. This type of chanson prefers linguistic play (puns, alliteration) and other rhetorical or play-oriented devices (pastiche, parody), and makes heavy use of intertextuality. This is often a paradox, as music, as it entails constraints comparable to those of metric poetry, often minimizes formal effect; indeed, the genre of chanson in general is ill-suited to complex wordplay. The song lyric is problematic because whereas it is technically identical to the poem, and can also be put in the same cultural context (in particular, by being published or read aloud), the principles of its functioning are not the same. The analysis of “formalist chanson” lyrics reveals that while the devices used by Gainsbourg, Ferrer and Lapointe can also be found in poetry, the song lyric nonetheless possesses distinguishing features: in particular its dependency on the other elements of the song (music and performance), but also its temporal linearity