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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Eicosanoic acid Derivatives Physiological effects"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 29 gennaio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Eicosanoic acid Derivatives Physiological effects"

Calder, Philip C. "Eicosanoids". Essays in Biochemistry 64, n. 3 (18 agosto 2020): 423–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20190083.

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Abstract This article describes the pathways of eicosanoid synthesis, eicosanoid receptors, the action of eicosanoids in different physiological systems, the roles of eicosanoids in selected diseases, and the major inhibitors of eicosanoid synthesis and action. Eicosanoids are oxidised derivatives of 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) formed by the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (cytP450) pathways. Arachidonic acid (ARA) is the usual substrate for eicosanoid synthesis. The COX pathways form prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes (TXs), the LOX pathways form leukotrienes (LTs) and lipoxins (LXs), and the cytP450 pathways form various epoxy, hydroxy and dihydroxy derivatives. Eicosanoids are highly bioactive acting on many cell types through cell membrane G-protein coupled receptors, although some eicosanoids are also ligands for nuclear receptors. Because they are rapidly catabolised, eicosanoids mainly act locally to the site of their production. Many eicosanoids have multiple, sometimes pleiotropic, effects on inflammation and immunity. The most widely studied is PGE2. Many eicosanoids have roles in the regulation of the vascular, renal, gastrointestinal and female reproductive systems. Despite their vital role in physiology, eicosanoids are often associated with disease, including inflammatory disease and cancer. Inhibitors have been developed that interfere with the synthesis or action of various eicosanoids and some of these are used in disease treatment, especially for inflammation.

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Regulska, Magdalena, Magdalena Szuster-Głuszczak, Ewa Trojan, Monika Leśkiewicz e Agnieszka Basta-Kaim. "The Emerging Role of the Double-Edged Impact of Arachidonic Acid- Derived Eicosanoids in the Neuroinflammatory Background of Depression." Current Neuropharmacology 19, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2020): 278–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159x18666200807144530.

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: Eicosanoids are arachidonic acid (AA) derivatives belonging to a family of lipid signalling mediators that are engaged in both physiological and pathological processes in the brain. Recently, their implication in the prolonged inflammatory response has become a focus of particular interest because, in contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammatory processes within the central nervous system (CNS) are crucial for the development of brain pathologies including depression. The synthesis of eicosanoids is catalysed primarily by cyclooxygenases (COX), which are involved in the production of pro-inflammatory AA metabolites, including prostaglandins and thromboxanes. Moreover, eicosanoid synthesis is catalysed by lipoxygenases (LOXs), which generate both leukotrienes and anti-inflammatory derivatives such as lipoxins. Thus, AA metabolites have double- edged pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving properties, and an imbalance between these metabolites has been proposed as a contributor or even the basis for chronic neuroinflammatory effects. This review focuses on important evidence regarding eicosanoid-related pathways (with special emphasis on prostaglandins and lipoxins) that has added a new layer of complexity to the idea of targeting the double-edged AA-derivative pathways for therapeutic benefits in depression. We also sought to explore future research directions that can support a pro-resolving response to control the balance between eicosanoids and thus to reduce the chronic neuroinflammation that underlies at least a portion of depressive disorders.

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Pope, Edward C., e Andrew F. Rowley. "The heart ofCiona intestinalis: eicosanoid-generating capacity and the effects of precursor fatty acids and eicosanoids on heart rate". Journal of Experimental Biology 205, n. 11 (1 giugno 2002): 1577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.11.1577.

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SUMMARYEicosanoids are a group of oxygenated fatty-acid derivatives formed from C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids including arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. In mammals, these compounds have been shown to be key molecules in several physiological processes including regulation of the vascular system. This study determined whether eicosanoids or their precursors are involved in the regulation of heart rate in the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis. Eicosanoid generation by both heart and blood cells was measured. The major lipoxygenase products formed were both derivatives of eicosapentaenoic acid,namely 8- and 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids (8-HEPE and 12-HEPE). Smaller amounts of 8,15-dihydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (8,15-diHEPE) were also formed. The cyclo-oxygenase product prostaglandin E was also found in small amounts in the heart. Isolated hearts were exposed either to these fatty acid precursors or to 8-HEPE, 12-HEPE or prostaglandin E3, and the effect on heart rate was recorded. Both eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids stimulated the heart rate at concentrations between 50 and 200 μmoll-1. 12-HEPE(5 μmoll-1) and prostaglandin E3 (50μmoll-1) caused a modest increase in heart rate, while 8-HEPE had no significant effects at any of the time periods studied (≤180 min). Overall, the results show that arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids have limited effects on heart rate and only at concentrations unlikely to be routinely liberated in vivo. Similarly, the eicosanoids tested had a minor stimulatory activity on heart rate. The potential mechanisms for this stimulation are discussed. Overall, these results suggest that such compounds are of limited importance in regulating the heart and vascular system of sea squirts.

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Rodríguez, María, Pilar G. Rebollar, Simona Mattioli e Cesare Castellini. "n-3 PUFA Sources (Precursor/Products): A Review of Current Knowledge on Rabbit". Animals 9, n. 10 (15 ottobre 2019): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100806.

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This review compares the effects of different n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) sources on biological activity, physiological/reproductive endpoints, and health implications with a special emphasis on a rabbit case study. Linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) are members of two classes of PUFAs, namely the n-6 and n-3 series, which are required for normal human health. Both are considered precursors of a cascade of molecules (eicosanoids), which take part in many biological processes (inflammation, vasoconstriction/vasodilation, thromboregulation, etc.). However, their biological functions are opposite and are mainly related to the form (precursor or long-chain products) in which they were administered and to the enzyme–substrate preference. ALA is widely present in common vegetable oils and foods, marine algae, and natural herbs, whereas its long-chain PUFA derivatives are available mainly in fish and animal product origins. Recent studies have shown that the accumulation of n-3 PUFAs seems mostly to be tissue-dependent and acts in a tissue-selective manner. Furthermore, dietary n-3 PUFAs widely affect the lipid oxidation susceptibility of all tissues. In conclusion, sustainable sources of n-3 PUFAs are limited and exert a different effect about (1) the form in which they are administered, precursor or derivatives; (2) their antioxidant protections; and (3) the purpose to be achieved (health improvement, physiological and reproductive traits, metabolic pathways, etc.).

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Wang, Hongyu, Erdu Ren, Xiaoe Xiang, Yong Su e Weiyun Zhu. "Dynamic Changes in Serum Metabolomic Profiles of Growing Pigs Induced by Intravenous Infusion of Sodium Butyrate". Metabolites 10, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10010020.

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This study aimed to explore the dynamic changes in metabolite profiles and metabolism pathways in the serum of growing pigs by intravenous infusion of sodium butyrate (SB). Fourteen crossbred growing barrows (BW = 23.70 ± 1.29 kg) fitted with jugular cannula were randomly allocated to the SB and control (Con) groups, each group consisted of seven replicates (pens), with one pig per pen. At 9:00 of each day during the experimental period, pigs in the SB group were infused with 10 mL of SB (200 mmol/L, pH 7.4, 37 °C) via precaval vein, while the Con group was treated with the same volume of physiological saline. On day 4, the blood of each pig was collected at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min after the intravenous infusion. Metabolites in the serum were detected by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry analysis. Pathway analysis of metabolomic profiles showed that the differential metabolites mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, lipid-related metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. More importantly, the relative concentrations of all eight essential amino acids, five non-essential amino acids, and two amino acid derivatives were decreased by the parenteral SB. In addition, SB significantly increased the relative concentrations of eicosanoic acid and octadecanoic acid and decreased the relative concentration of glycerol-3-phosphate at 0 min (three days after intravenous infusion of SB), which suggests that parenteral SB may increase stearates mobilization and decrease the biosynthesis of stearates. In conclusion, intravenous infusion of SB may induce more amino acids to synthesize proteins and affect fat metabolism through increasing fat mobilization and decreasing the biosynthesis of stearates. However, a further study is needed to understand the mechanism of extensive metabolic pathway changes induced by parenteral SB.

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Fehér, Evelin, István Szatmári, Tamás Dudás, Anna Zalatnai, Tamás Farkas, Bálint Lőrinczi, Ferenc Fülöp, László Vécsei e József Toldi. "Structural Evaluation and Electrophysiological Effects of Some Kynurenic Acid Analogs". Molecules 24, n. 19 (26 settembre 2019): 3502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193502.

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Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a metabolite of tryptophan, as an excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist is an effective neuroprotective agent in case of excitotoxicity, which is the hallmark of brain ischemia and several neurodegenerative processes. Therefore, kynurenine pathway, KYNA itself, and its derivatives came into the focus of research. During the past fifteen years, our research group has developed several neuroactive KYNA derivatives, some of which proved to be neuroprotective in preclinical studies. In this study, the synthesis of these KYNA derivatives and their evaluation with divergent molecular characteristics are presented together with their most typical effects on the monosynaptic transmission in CA1 region of the hippocampus of the rat. Their effects on the basic neuronal activity (on the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials: fEPSP) were studied in in vitro hippocampal slices in 1 and 200 μM concentrations. KYNA and its derivative 4 in both 1 and 200 μM concentrations proved to be inhibitory, while derivative 8 only in 200 μM decreased the amplitudes of fEPSPs. Derivative 5 facilitated the fEPSPs in 200 μM concentration. This is the first comparative study which evaluates the structural and functional differences of formerly and newly developed KYNA analogs. Considerations on possible relations between molecular structures and their physiological effects are presented.

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Yan, Xi Ming, Ming Ruo Ding, Ming Guo Liu, Jun Zhi Wang e Nian Yu Huang. "Study on Biomaterials of Anti-Gastric Trametenolic Acid B Semi-Synthetic Derivatives". Advanced Materials Research 918 (aprile 2014): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.918.32.

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Discovery of bioactive ingredients from plants and fungi is always the hot spots in medicinal chemistry. The trametenolic acid B was a bioactive lanostane-type triterpenoid inTrametes lactinea(Berk.) Pat. In this work, four semi-synthetic derivatives were synthesized, characterized and evaluated the anti-gastric cancer activities against HGC-27 cells with the aim of obtaining better anti-tumor agents. The compounds2aand3bpossessed good anti-proliferative effects under normal physiological conditions, and their anti-cancer effects increased as the pH decrease to 5.5 with the IC50of 17.55 and 10.63 μM, respectively. These compounds might be further developed as anti-gastric cancer drugs.

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Lupini, Antonio, Agostino Sorgonà, Maria Polsia Princi, Francesco Sunseri e Maria Rosa Abenavoli. "Morphological and physiological effects of trans-cinnamic acid and its hydroxylated derivatives on maize root types". Plant Growth Regulation 78, n. 2 (17 giugno 2015): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10725-015-0091-5.

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Sugiyama, Hironori, Seiichi Matsugo, Tetsuya Konishi, Toshinari Takamura, Shuichi Kaneko, Yukari Kubo, Kyouhei Sato e Kan Kanamori. "Synthesis, Structure, and Physiological Effects of Peroxovanadium(V) Complexes Containing Amino Acid Derivatives as Ancillary Ligands". Chemistry Letters 41, n. 4 (5 aprile 2012): 377–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2012.377.

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Hoa, Nguyen Thi, Le Thi Ngoc Van e Quan V. Vo. "The hydroperoxyl antiradical activity of natural hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in physiological environments: the effects of pH values on rate constants". RSC Advances 12, n. 24 (2022): 15115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra02311c.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Eicosanoic acid Derivatives Physiological effects"

Penglis, Peter Savas. "The relationships between eicosanoid production and pro-inflammatory cytokines". Title page, contents and summary only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php3985.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 182-240). Explores alternate strategies that may alter inflammatory cytokine production, particularly tumour necrosis factor đ [tumor necrosis factor-alpha], and therefore provide a possible treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.

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Caughey, Gillian Elizabeth. "Regulation of interleukin-1[Beta] and tumor necrosis factor[alpha] synthesis by fatty acids and eicosanoids /". Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc371.pdf.

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Hawkes, Joanna Susan. "N-3 fatty acids, eicosanoids and control of inflammation /". Title page, contents and summary only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh392.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, and Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, 1994.
Errata slip inserted. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-199).

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Demasi, Maryanne. "The effects of hypoxia on cyclooxygenase-2 expression and eicosanoid synthesis /". Title page, table of contents and summary only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd3729.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Medicine and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Rheumatology Unit, 2004.
Includes list of publications arising from this thesis. Erratum attached to inside back cover. "25/03/2004." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-257).

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Penglis, Peter Savas. "The relationships between eicosanoid production and pro-inflammatory cytokines". Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/111707.

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Explores alternate strategies that may alter inflammatory cytokine production, particularly tumour necrosis factor α [tumor necrosis factor-alpha], and therefore provide a possible treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Medicine, 2001

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Libri sul tema "Eicosanoic acid Derivatives Physiological effects"

J, Goetzl Edward, Lewis Robert A, Rola-Pleszczynski Marek e New York Academy of Sciences., a cura di. Cellular generation, transport, and effects of eicosanoids: Biological roles and pharmacological intervention. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1994.

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D, Mitchell Murray, a cura di. Eicosanoids in reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1990.

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Lands, William E. M., 1930- e American Oil Chemists' Society, a cura di. Proceedings of the AOCS Short Course on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids. Champaign, Ill: American Oil Chemists' Society, 1987.

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1938-, Polgar Peter, a cura di. Eicosanoids and radiation. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.

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Sven-Erik, Dahlén, a cura di. Leukotrienes as mediators of asthma and inflammation: Basic and applied research, second International Symposium on Trends in Eicosanoid Biology, Interlaken, Switzerland. New York: Raven Press, 1994.

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V, Honn Kenneth, e International Conference on Eicosanoids and Other Bioactive Lipids in Cancer, Inflammation, and Radiation Injury (4th : 1995 : Hong Kong), a cura di. Eicosanoids and other bioactive lipids in cancer, inflammation, and radiation injury 3. New York: Plenum Press, 1997.

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(Editor), Edward J. Goetzl, Robert A. Lewis (Contributor, Editor), New York Academy of Sciences (Corporate Author) e Marek Rola-Pleszczynski (Editor), a cura di. Cellular Generation, Transport, and Effects of Eicosanoids: Biological Roles and Pharmacological Intervention (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences). New York Academy of Sciences, 1994.

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Goetzl, Edward J., Robert A. Lewis e ma Rola-Pleszczynski. Cellular Generation, Transport, and Effects of Eicosanoids: Biological Roles and Pharmacological Intervention (Annals of the New York Academy of scie. New York Academy of Sciences, 1994.

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1943-, Hillier Keith, a cura di. Eicosanoids and the gastrointestinal tract. Lancaster: MTP Press, 1988.

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Mitchell, Murray D. Eicosanoids in Reproduction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Eicosanoic acid Derivatives Physiological effects"

Merhan, Oguz. "Biochemistry and Antioxidant Effects of Melatonin". In Melatonin - Recent Updates [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106260.

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Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine) is a hormone taking place in many biological and physiological processes, such as reproduction, sleep, antioxidant effect, and circadian rhythm (biological clock), and is a multifunctional indolamine compound synthesized mainly from the metabolism of tryptophan via serotonin in the pineal gland. Melatonin, which is a hormone synthesized from the essential amino acid tryptophan, is substantially secreted from the pineal gland between the cerebral hemispheres found in the mammalian brain. In addition to this, it is also produced in the cells and tissues, such as the gastrointestinal system, gall, epithelial hair follicles, skin, retina, spleen, testis, salivary glands, bone marrow, leukocytes, placenta, and thrombocytes. It plays a role in many physiological events, such as synchronizing circadian rhythms, reproduction, fattening, molting, hibernation, and change of pigment granules, preserving the integrity of the gastrointestinal system with an anti-ulcerative effect in tissues and organs from which it is produced. Melatonin is also a powerful antioxidant and anti-apoptotic agent that prevents oxidative and nitrosative damage to all macromolecules due to its ability to form in metabolic activities, directly excrete toxic oxygen derivatives, and reduce the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. In this book chapter, we will explain the structure, synthesis, metabolism, and antioxidant effects of the melatonin hormone.

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K. Joshi, Kaushal. "Chemistry with Schiff Bases of Pyridine Derivatives: Their Potential as Bioactive Ligands and Chemosensors". In Chemistry with Pyridine Derivatives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106749.

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Pyridine is a valuable nitrogen based heterocyclic compound which is present not only in large number of naturally occurring bioactive compounds, but widely used in drug designing and development in pharmaceuticals as well as a precursor to agrochemicals and chemical-based industries. Pyridine derivatives bearing either formyl or amino group undergo Schiff base condensation reaction with appropriate substrate and under optimum conditions resulting in Schiff base as product which behave as a flexible and multidentate bioactive ligand. These Schiff bases are of great interest in medicinal chemistry as they can exhibit physiological effects similar to pyridoxal-amino acid systems which are considered to be very important in numerous metabolic reactions. They possess an interesting range of bioactivities including antibacterial, antiviral, antitubercular, antifungal, antioxidant, anticonvulsants, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anticancer activity etc. and considered as a versatile pharmacophore group. Further, several pyridine-based Schiff bases show very strong binding abilities towards the various cations and anions with unique photophysical properties which can be used in ion recognition and they are extensively used in development of chemosensors for qualitative and quantitative detection of selective or specific ions in various kinds of environmental and biological media. These chapter insights the bioactivity and ion recognition ability of Schiff bases derived from pyridine derivatives.

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Banothu, Venkanna, e Addepally Uma. "Effect of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses on Plant Metabolic Pathways". In Phenolic Compounds - Chemistry, Synthesis, Diversity, Non-Conventional Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99796.

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Plants are prone to encounter some environmental stresses that include both biotic and abiotic. Plants in response to these stress conditions alter their metabolism at the genetic level with consequential effects at the metabolite production. Phenolic compounds, which are secondary metabolites are one such chemical entity which plays a significant role in various physiological processes of the plant. They are mainly formed by three different types of metabolic pathways that produce phenyl propanoid derivatives, flavonoids, terpenoids based on the needs of the plant and the rate of their production is solely dictated by the type of stress condition. A number of phenolic compounds like phytoalexins, phytoanticipins and nematicides exhibit negative response to biotic stress against several soil borne pathogens and nematodes. But some of the phenolic compounds like acetosyringone, umbelliferone, vanillyl alcohol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, apigenin and luteolin are found to exhibit beneficial effects to plants by encouraging rhizosphere formation particularly in Leguminosae family. Some of the ROS produced in various stress conditions are effectively dealt by various phenolics with antioxidant activity like hydroxyl benzoic acids and hydroxyl cinnamic acids. As the in vivo production of phenolics in plants is influenced by external factors it can certainly provide information for the adoption of agronomic practices to yield the full befits of commercial exploitation. As the in vivo production of phenolics in plants is influenced by external factors it can certainly provide information for the adoption of agronomic practices to yield the full befits of commercial exploitation.

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