Bibliografie tematiche / Efficiency and cost-effectiveness

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Efficiency and cost-effectiveness"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 13 agosto 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Efficiency and cost-effectiveness"

Dougherty, Matthew J., e Keith D. Calligaro. "Cost-effectiveness and cost-efficiency in vascular surgery". Seminars in Vascular Surgery 14, n. 1 (marzo 2001): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/svas.2001.21262.

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STUDENTS, B. Sc NURSING. "COST EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY OF CSSD". Nursing Journal of India LXXXV, n. 02 (1994): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.48029/nji.1994.lxxxv202.

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Хужаев, И. А. "Determination of cost-effectiveness". Экономика и предпринимательство, n. 8(121) (26 luglio 2020): 1256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2020.121.8.250.

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В статье изучены теоретические основы формирования издержек производства и себестоимости произведенной продукции на предприятиях, а также расчёта прибыли фирмы. На основе анализа себестоимости, эффективности издержек производства разработаны теоретические, практические предложения и рекомендации для повышения рентабельности фирмы. The article studies the theoretical basis of production costs in enterprises, the cost of production and the calculation of the profit of the company. Based on the analysis of cost, efficiency, production costs, theoretical, practical proposals and recommendations were developed to increase the profitability of the company.

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Shade, Starley B., Sebastian Kevany, Maricianah Onono, George Ochieng, Rachel L. Steinfeld, Daniel Grossman, Sara J. Newmann, Cinthia Blat, Elizabeth A. Bukusi e Craig R. Cohen. "Cost, cost-efficiency and cost-effectiveness of integrated family planning and HIV services". AIDS 27 (ottobre 2013): S87—S92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000000038.

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Henriksson, Eva, e Patrik Söderholm. "The cost-effectiveness of voluntary energy efficiency programs". Energy for Sustainable Development 13, n. 4 (dicembre 2009): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2009.08.005.

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Himmelstein, David U., Steffie Woolhandler e David H. Bor. "Will Cost Effectiveness Analysis Worsen the Cost Effectiveness of Health Care?" International Journal of Health Services 18, n. 1 (gennaio 1988): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/vdak-9mfh-1vwn-g1lr.

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Cost effectiveness analysis is increasingly advocated as a basis for health policy. Analysts often compare expensive interventions with highly cost-effective programs such as hypertension screening, implying that if the former were curtailed resources would be reallocated to the latter and the efficiency of health care would improve. However, in practice, savings are unlikely to be targeted in this way. We present refined policy models that take into account actual patterns of resource allocation in the United States, and provide more realistic estimates of the likely uses of savings. We illustrate the implications of these models in an analysis of the effects of diverting funds from an expensive but effective practice. Eliminating such a practice would actually worsen the overall cost-effectiveness of U.S. health care unless there are radical changes in health policy. Cost effectiveness analysis incorrectly predicts health and cost outcomes of policy initiatives because it ignores the political constraints to health care decision-making.

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Hoch, Jeffrey S., Bridgette P. Smith, Jiyeong Kim e Carolyn S. Dewa. "The Rationale for Economic Evaluation in Speech and Language: Cost, Effectiveness, and Cost-effectiveness". Seminars in Speech and Language 43, n. 03 (giugno 2022): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1750345.

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AbstractEconomic evaluation studies the costs and outcomes of two or more alternative activities to estimate the relative efficiency of each course of action. Economic evaluation is both important and necessary in the management of speech and language issues. Economic evaluation can help focus attention on interventions that provide value for improving population health. The purpose of this article is to introduce readers to fundamental economic concepts. Readers are also introduced to common issues when conducting economic evaluations and how to address them in practice.

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L., J. F. "COST-EFFICIENCY MODEL". Pediatrics 93, n. 4 (1 aprile 1994): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.93.4.621.

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In an interview, Dr. Thier said he hopes to turn Massachusetts General into another kind of model: one that increases cost-efficiency without compromising basic research or patient care. "A way of life is changing," Dr. Thier asserted. Academic medical centers are being forced to rein in costs quickly, he contended, because of growing price- pressure from insurers, as well as the movement in Washington to enact healthcare legislation. Top teaching hospitals haven't conducted much cost-oriented research involving patients. Instead, the hospitals have concentrated on discovering fundamental medical techniques, often working at the molecular level. Research on treatment costs and effectiveness has been carried out mostly by schools of public health and by such think tanks as Rand Corp... Other big teaching hospitals are starting research on treatment costs and effectiveness, said George Lundberg, editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association. "I expect such research to flourish with the pressures of health-system reform," he said. "Now that it's so much in the best interests of the largest health-delivery groups to discover the best ways to deliver maximum services for minimum cost," Dr. Lundberg added, "it's not at all surprising that such institutions will enter health-services research in a big way."

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Melikyan, Zohrab. "Energy Efficiency and Cost Effectiveness of Solar Water Heaters". International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 4, n. 3 (2015): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20150403.17.

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Kelly, Mavis. "The high cost of ‘efficiency and effectiveness’ in Australia". Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning 2, n. 3 (novembre 1987): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0268051870020304.

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Tesi sul tema "Efficiency and cost-effectiveness"

Lieder, Michael. "Integrated evaluation of resource efficiency and cost effectiveness in production systems". Licentiate thesis, KTH, Produktionssystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-144289.

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Improved use of resources is of enormously high relevance and crucial for achieving as well as maintaining a sustainable condition. Especially industrial production has a superior responsibility in creating a long-term viable way of living. However, there is a lack of systematic evaluation procedures for operational resources in production systems, meaning product material, energy, equipment and humans. Especially small and medium-sized enterprises, representing the largest number of all companies in Europe, are mostly not able to deal with these kinds of issues in addition to their daily business. The purpose of this licentiate thesis is the investigation for and development of an evaluation approach for resource efficiency and effectiveness in small and medium-sized enterprises. Two literature reviews and one industrial case study have been carried out. To start with, the first literature review founds a theoretical basis for the meaning of resource efficiency and effectiveness. The second literature review investigates latest measures and approaches for production system evaluation. In the next step an evaluation approach for resource efficiency and effectiveness evaluation in small and medium-sized enterprises is developed and tested within a single case study. The result consists of a comprehensive approach for small and medium-sized enterprises with focus on economic short-term and long-term improvements.

QC 20140416

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Schroeder, Elizabeth-Ann. "The cost-effectiveness and efficiency of intrapartum maternity care in England". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f9cf3e25-34ae-49a3-ab50-5721e81a7458.

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Background: High quality evidence on the cost-effectiveness of planned birth in alternative settings (at home, in a midwifery unit or an obstetric unit) has been lacking, and is a priority area for maternity policy. Aim: To provide evidence about the efficiency of the configuration of maternity care in England and to estimate the cost-effectiveness of alternative settings for intrapartum care for ‘low risk’ women, thereby providing guidance for commissioners, clinicians and for pregnant women and their families. Methods: A literature review of existing evidence was followed by four stand-alone empirical studies using different methods to determine the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of alternative settings for intrapartum care. Data from the Birthplace in England Programme of Research were analysed to explore whether there are differences in the efficiency of maternity units when they are stratified according to the type and scale of unit. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were used to estimate the short-term cost-effectiveness of different planned settings for birth for ‘low risk’ women and to develop a template for the design of decision-analytic models to estimate life-long cost-effectiveness for the mother and baby dyad. Findings: The larger obstetric units (OUs) tended to be more efficient than the smaller OUs. Less than half of free-standing midwifery units (FMUs) were operating at full efficiency. The cost of intrapartum and after birth care, and associated related complications, was less for births planned at home, in a free standing midwifery unit (FMU), or in an alongside midwifery unit (AMU) compared with planned births in an obstetric unit (OU). Planned birth in a FMU or in an AMU compared with an OU will generate incremental cost savings but with uncertainty surrounding the outcomes for the baby. Planned birth in all non-OU settings generated incremental cost savings and improved outcomes for mothers. For ‘low risk’ women having a second or subsequent birth, planned birth at home was found to be the most cost-effective option.

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Xylia, Maria. "Cost-effectiveness assessment of energy efficiency obligation schemes - implications for Swedish industries". Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-125611.

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This thesis is an investigation of whether an energy efficiency obligation scheme would be cost-effective for the Swedish industrial sector. The basic guidelines of the scheme were constructed based on the characteristics proposed in the Energy Efficiency Directive and the previously implemented schemes in other EU Member States. In order to measure the cost effectiveness of the scheme for the industries, a Cost Benefit Analysis was performed. The results of the study show that the participation of the industries in an energy efficiency obligation scheme seems to be cost effective, and the Benefit to Cost Ratios of the analysis where ranging in numbers higher than one, showing that the benefits outweigh the costs. The scheme is in general more cost effective when scenarios assuming high policy intensity for the whole economy of the country are used as input for the calculation of the BCRs, which are also affected positively when higher fuel prices scenarios are adopted. The obligation should be placed upon the distributors, since the prices of energy distribution are administratively regulated. There is opportunity of financial benefits for the Swedish industries from agreements of energy savings delivery to the distributors in order for them to fulfill their obligation. These benefits will support the cost recovery of the investments for the energy savings measures. The possibility of certificate trading in the context of the scheme is another option that can create opportunities for financial gains and stimulate further the energy market. Basing the costs inputs from other EU Member States offers an insight on how these costs could be formed in the case of Sweden, but they cannot be taken as a complete calculation of the scheme’s financial effects. As a result, this study does not offer a final conclusion on the cost-effectiveness of the scheme; it rather serves as a means of support of the final conclusion regarding the cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency obligation schemes for the Swedish industries.

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Horgan, Jane Elizabeth. "Testing the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of livestock guarding dogs in Botswana". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021300.

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Livestock guarding dogs (LSGDs) have been used for centuries to reduce depredation on livestock and more recently, to facilitate the conservation of threatened predator species. Conservation NGOs (non-government organisations) in southern Africa promote the use of Anatolian Shepherds as LSGDs. However, livestock farmers in Botswana have been using a variety of different breeds for this purpose, including the local mixed-breed “Tswana” dogs. Postal, telephonic and face-to-face interview questionnaires were administered to 108 livestock farmers in Botswana to gauge how their LSGDs were being used, in order to determine what factors contributed to the success and affordability of these dogs. Eighty-three percent of farmers had LSGDs which equaled or decreased livestock depredations on their farms, with an average reduction in livestock depredation of 75% per year. This equated to an average saving of US$2,017 annually per farm. The costs of purchasing (average US$27) and maintaining the 198 LSGDs in my study (average US$169/LSGD/year) were very low compared to other countries and helped contribute to the high profits obtained by farmers (average US$1,497/farm or US$789/LSGD). A unique investigation of different breeds was possible due to the diverse array of breeds in the sample (Anatolian Shepherds, Cross Breeds, Tswana dogs, Greyhounds and Pitbulls), with the crossbreed dogs (Crosses and Tswana LSGDs) performing the best. LSGDs that reduced depredation and had minimal behavioural problems were the most likely to incite positive changes in their owners in regards to attitudes towards predators. Sixtysix percent of farmers stated that they were more tolerant of predators since obtaining a LSGD, and 51% reported that they were less likely to kill predators since obtaining a LSGD. My results indicate that successful, well-behaved LSGDs are a cost-effective tool that has the ability to increase farm productivity and improve predator-farmer conflicts in Botswana. The methods recommended in my thesis, in particular the benefits of using local breeds of dog as LSGDs, can be implemented on farming practices the world over to assist farming productivity and to promote conservation efforts.

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Bordonaro, Tino. "A comparison of the effectiveness cost and efficiency of four formative evaluation conditions /". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68074.

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This study compared the effectiveness, cost and efficiency of four formative evaluation conditions: (a) revision based on learner data (RLD), (b) revision based on expert data (RED), (c) revision based on both learner and expert data (RBD), and (d) revision without data (RND). Two more conditions were present in the study: materials in draft (MID) and no treatment (NT). The NT condition consisted of students who were tested without exposure to the instructional materials. The instruction that was formatively evaluated was a six-page article describing the relationship between diet and cancer. The article was written by chemistry professors for an "undergraduate chemistry course for non-science students". Undergraduates (n = 187) provided the effectiveness data. They randomly received one of the four formatively evaluated versions of the article, read the article, answered questions on an objective test, and indicated their confidence with respect to their responses. Professional revisors (n = 8) provided cost data. Each revisor provided cost estimates for all formative evaluation conditions. Efficiency was provided by combining effectiveness with cost data. Effectiveness differences were found between the MID and RLD, and the MID and RBD. The mean test scores, as well as the mean confidence-weighed test scores, of both RLD and RBD were significantly higher than those of the MID. Cost differences indicated three levels of cost. RND was the least costly formative evaluation condition. RLD and RED were equivalent in cost and more costly than RND. RBD was the most costly formative evaluation condition. With respect to efficiency, RLD was recommended. RLD was the least costly condition that was significantly more effective than MID. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Boozer, Benjamin Bryan Permaloff Anne. "An analysis of economic efficiency in predicting legislative voting beyond a traditional liberal-conservative spectrum". Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Political_Science/Dissertation/Boozer_Benjamin_34.pdf.

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Hassan, Aakash. "Improving the efficiency, power quality, and cost-effectiveness of solar PV systems using intelligent techniques". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2023. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2676.

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Growing energy demand, depleting fossil fuels, and increasing environmental concerns lead to adaptation to clean and sustainable energy sources. Renewable energy sources are now believed to play a critical role in diminishing the deteriorating environment, supplying power to remote areas with no access to the grid, and overcoming the energy crisis by reducing the stress on existing power networks. Therefore, an upsurge in renewablesbased energy systems development has been observed during the previous few decades. In particular, solar PV technology has demonstrated extraordinary growth due to readily available solar energy, technological advancement, and a decline in costs. However, its low power conversion efficiency, intermittency, high capital cost, and low power quality are the major challenges in further uptake. This research intends to enhance the overall performance of PV systems by providing novel solutions at all levels of a PV system hierarchy. The first level investigated is the solar energy to PV power conversion, where an efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method is developed. Secondly, the dc to ac power conversion is explored, and an optimal PV system sizing approach with abidance to power quality constraints is developed. Finally, smart power management strategies are investigated to utilise the energy produced by solar PV efficiently, such that the minimum cost of energy can be achieved while considering various technical constraints. The methods involve Genetic Algorithm (GA) for finding the optimal parameters, mathematical models, MATLAB/Simulink simulations of solar PV system (including PV arrays, dc/dc converter with MPPT, batteries, dc/ac inverter, and electric load), and experimental testing of the developed MPPT method and power management strategies at the smart energy lab, Edith Cowan University. Highly dynamic weather and electricity consumption data encompassing multiple seasons are used to test the viability of the developed methods. The results exhibit that the developed hybrid MPPT technique outperforms the conventional techniques by offering a tracking efficiency of above 99%, a tracking speed of less than 1s and almost zero steady-state oscillations under rapidly varying environmental conditions. Additionally, the developed MPPT technique can also track the global maximum power point during partial shading conditions. The analyses of power quality at the inverter’s terminal voltage and current waveforms revealed that solar PV capacity, battery size, and LC filter parameters are critical for the reliable operation of a solar PV system and may result in poor power quality leading to system failure if not selected properly. On the other hand, the optimal system parameters found through the developed methodology can design a solar PV system with minimum cost and conformance to international power quality standards. The comparison between the grid-connected and stand-alone solar PV system reveals that for the studied case, the grid-connected system is more economical than the stand-alone system but outputs higher life cycle emissions. It was also found that for grid tied PV systems, minimum cost of energy can be achieved at an optimal renewable to grid ratio. Additionally, applying a time varying tariff yields a slightly lower energy cost than the anytime flat tariff. A sensitivity analysis of the reliability index, i.e., loss of power supply probability (LPSP), demonstrates that for the stand-alone PV systems, there is an inverse relationship between LPSP and cost of energy. Contrarily, for grid-connected systems, the cost of energy does not vary significantly with the change in LPSP.

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Simmons, Brian Spencer. "Lowest cost building technology selection for energy efficient design". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45941.

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The thesis project explores the use of an optimization methodology for selecting the lowest monetary cost combinations of technologies to meet a set operational energy efficiency targets for buildings. The optimization approach, which is operated on a normative energy model, is compared with existing prescriptive methodologies for selecting technology combinations and a metric is developed for ranking their effectiveness; the E/C Ratio. The energy savings/ cost ratio is also the objective function that the optimization algorithm is set to maximize. The optimization routine is coded in to a custom MATLAB script and is used in two case studies to optimize a proto-typical Korean apartment and office building. The optimization methodology finds technology combinations that are much more cost effective than the prescriptive methodology at meeting an energy savings target and can generically be applied to other buildings given a palette of technology alternatives and the corresponding cost data.

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Pascual, Argente Natàlia 1988. "Essays on economic evaluation of efficiency in health care interventions". Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672767.

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The objective of this work is the evaluation of the impact of new direct acting antivirals for Hepatitis C as a case of disruptive healthcare innovation that challenged healthcare systems. Two systematic reviews address cost-utility analyses of new therapies and productivity costs of Hepatitis C. Then we present an assessment of clinical guidelines update at a European level from 2016 to 2018 and the method addresses methodological issues identified as lacking in previous works. Specifically, the Markov model included productivity cost measurement and real drug acquisition costs. The results confirm that European update on Hepatitis C treatment recommendations was efficient as it yielded health gains and savings on the cost side. Economic evaluation can be useful not only to assess healthcare innovations, but also as an efficiency test of clinical decisions.
L’objectiu d’aquest treball és l’avaluació de l’impacte de nous antivirals d’acció directa per a l’hepatitis C com a innovació sanitària disruptiva que va desafiar els sistemes sanitaris. Dues revisions sistemàtiques analitzen els estudis de cost-utilitat de les noves teràpies i els costos de productivitat de l’hepatitis C. A continuació s’avalua l’actualització de les recomanacions clíniques a nivell europeu entre el 2016 i el 2018 i el mètode inclou qüestions metodològiques que s’han identificat com a mancances en treballs anteriors. En concret, el model Markov incorpora els costos de productivitat i els costos reals d’adquisició dels medicaments. Els resultats confirmen que l’actualització europea sobre les recomanacions de tractament contra l’hepatitis C va ser eficaç, ja que va generar guanys en salut i estalvis en costos. L’avaluació econòmica pot ser útil no només per avaluar les innovacions sanitàries, sinó també com a test d’eficiència de les decisions clíniques.

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Antioch, Kathryn M. "Improving cost effectiveness, distributional justice and allocative efficiency in hospital funding and service delivery in Australia and internationally". Monash University, Dept. of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5296.

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Libri sul tema "Efficiency and cost-effectiveness"

Skinner, Jonathan. The efficiency of Medicare. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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Arimura, Toshi H. Cost-effectiveness of electricity energy efficiency programs. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011.

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Ng, Yew-Kwang. Efficiency versus equality: The case for aggregate compensating variations in cost-benefit analysis. Coventry: University of Warwick Department of Economics, 1991.

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Ng, Yew-Kwang. Efficiency versus equality: The case for aggregate compensating variations in cost-benefit analysis. Coventry: Warwick University, Department of Economics, 1991.

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Champy, James. Deliver!: How to be fast, flawless, and frugal. Upper Saddle River, N.J: FT Press, 2011.

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Champy, James. Deliver!: How to be fast, flawless, and frugal. Upper Saddle River, N.J: FT Press, 2011.

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Hauner, David. Explaining efficiency differences among large German and Austrian banks. [Washington D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, African Dept., 2004.

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Navarro, Adoracion M. Cost efficiency and effectiveness of Sitio and household electrification programs. Makati City, Philippines: Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2013.

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Mocan, H. Naci. The child care industry: Cost functions, efficiency, and quality. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau for Economic Research, 1995.

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Farese, Philip. A tool to priortize energy efficiency investments. Golden, Colo: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2012.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Efficiency and cost-effectiveness"

Yang, Ming, e Xin Yu. "Energy Efficiency Cost-Effectiveness Test". In Energy Efficiency, 65–72. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6666-5_7.

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Yang, Ming. "Cost-Effectiveness of Energy Efficiency Investments". In Closing the Gap, 81–110. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4516-5_7.

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Wick, A. F. "Developments, Applications and Cost-Effectiveness of Variable Speed AC Drives". In Demand-Side Management and Electricity End-Use Efficiency, 299–320. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1403-2_16.

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Vig, Sanjana, Bassam Kadry e Alex Macario. "Operating Room Management, Measures of OR Efficiency, and Cost-Effectiveness". In Surgical Patient Care, 313–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44010-1_20.

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Oka, Tosihiro, Yoshifumi Fujii, Masanobu Ishikawa, Yu Matsuno e Shu Susami. "Maximum abatement costs for calculating cost-effectiveness of green activities with multiple environmental effects". In Eco-Efficiency in Industry and Science, 41–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5399-1_2.

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Werner, Gijsbert D. A., Arthur van Riel, Mérove I. L. Gijsberts e Marianne de Visser. "Sustainability Through Efficiency". In Research for Policy, 115–40. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58564-7_5.

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AbstractAn activity is considered efficient when relatively little input is needed to achieve its intended results. In health and social care, this means using the minimum possible human, material and financial resources to bring about a certain health benefit or a certain improvement to quality of life. Economists also refer to this approach specifically as productive efficiency: how do we “produce” better health at the lowest cost, in the broad sense of the word? Or in other words, how do we avoid “wastage” in the delivery of care? This contrasts with allocative efficiency, which is about whether people and other resources are deployed in the right place in the light of our society’s wishes and goals. That is the core theme of the third part of this report (Chaps. 7, 8, and 9), where we look at choices and prioritization in the Dutch health and social care system. Our focus in this chapter is productive efficiency, and in particular the potential for its improvement in terms of resource allocation or cost-effectiveness. In the next chapter we turn our attention to the human dimension of efficiency and home in on the issue of staffing sustainability.

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Walker, David. "Potential for Improving the Efficiency and Cost-Effectiveness of Food Aid Grain Delivery". In A World without Famine?, 404–17. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26229-8_17.

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Cruz, Yarens J., Fernando Castaño, Rodolfo E. Haber, Alberto Villalonga, Krzysztof Ejsmont, Bartlomiej Gladysz, Álvaro Flores e Patricio Alemany. "Self-Reconfiguration for Smart Manufacturing Based on Artificial Intelligence: A Review and Case Study". In Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing, 121–44. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46452-2_8.

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AbstractSelf-reconfiguration in manufacturing systems refers to the ability to autonomously execute changes in the production process to deal with variations in demand and production requirements while ensuring a high responsiveness level. Some advantages of these systems are their improved efficiency, flexibility, adaptability, and cost-effectiveness. Different approaches can be used for designing self-reconfigurable manufacturing systems, including computer simulation, data-driven methods, and artificial intelligence-based methods. To assess an artificial intelligence-based solution focused on self-reconfiguration of manufacturing enterprises, a pilot line was selected for implementing an automated machine learning method for finding and setting optimal parametrizations and a fuzzy system-inspired reconfigurator for improving the performance of the pilot line. Additionally, a deep learning segmentation model was integrated into the pilot line as part of a visual inspection module, enabling a more efficient management of the production line workflow. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of self-reconfigurable manufacturing systems to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of production processes.

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Roveda, Ana Carolina, e Magno Aparecido Gonçalves Trindade. "Alternative Multifunctional Additives for Biodiesel Stabilization: Perspectives for More Efficiency and More Cost-Effectiveness". In Green Energy and Technology, 57–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73552-8_3.

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Freitas, Alex A. "The principle of transformation between efficiency and effectiveness: Towards a fair evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of KDD techniques". In Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 299–306. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63223-9_128.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Efficiency and cost-effectiveness"

Park, Minseong, Hegwon Chung e Jiyong Kim. "Comparative Techno-economic Assessment of Hydrogen Production, Storage and Refueling Pathways". In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design, 541–45. Hamilton, Canada: PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.119682.

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Hydrogen, as a clean and versatile energy carrier, holds immense promise for addressing the world�s growing energy and environmental challenges. However, hydrogen-based energy systems face challenges related to efficient storage methods, energy-intensive production, refueling processes, and overall cost-effectiveness. To solve this problem, a superstructure was developed that integrates overall technologies related to hydrogen energy transportation. This study synthesizes process pathways for hydrogen energy transportation method including energy carrier production, storage, and refueling, based on the developed superstructure. The techno-economic analysis was conducted to evaluate the performance of each transportation pathway and compare it with conventional fossil fuel transportation system. Process performance criteria, including unit production cost (UPC), energy efficiency (EEF), and net CO2 equivalent emissions (NCE), serve as indicators for process performance. By comparing technological pathways, we can propose the most economically and environmentally optimal energy refueling route. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were performed on various external factors, identifying influential variables in the decision-making process for hydrogen production, storage, and refueling strategies, while also elucidating technological limitations.

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Little, Todd. "Assessing the cost of Outsourcing: Efficiency, Effectiveness and Risk". In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Exploring Quantifiable IT Yields (EQUITY). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/equity.2007.4.

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Alqarni, Abdullah, Jim Fink, Robert Harwood e Arzu Ari. "Cost Effectiveness And Efficiency Among Three Most Common Aerosol Delivery Devices". In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a4241.

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Bhartiya, Priyanka. "Efficiency and Cost-Effectiveness of Ground Source Heat Pump for Five- Storied Office Building". In IABSE Congress, New Delhi 2023: Engineering for Sustainable Development. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newdelhi.2023.0890.

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Non-clean energy resources cause pollution, climate change and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, in present scenario it is very much required to use renewable energy resource as sustainable solution. Geothermal heat energy stored within the earth is one of the biggest sources of renewable energy. Shallow geothermal energy can easily be extracted using close- or open- looped geothermal systems and it is very effective for building heating or cooling purposes. Ground source heat pump (GSHP) is a closed-loop system where vertical boreholes are equipped with HDPE/ PVC pipes (primary circuit) through which heat exchanger fluids are circulated, and when passing through boreholes they exchanges heat with surrounding ground. Heat pump is used to take out the fluids and circulate inside the building through pipes (secondary circuit) embedded in concrete floor to exchange heat with surrounding air.A five-storied office building was studied to estimate energy requirements for heating and cooling demands in summer and winter for sizing GSHP using Energy-Plus software. Climatic and soil conditions for ten different metropolitan cities located mostly in tropical regions were considered. Using Ground Loop Design (GLD) software design of GSHP system was done based on energy demand of the building. A comparison of GHSP system design for the building in different cities and cost analysis are discussed. It is observed that the cost and performance of GSHP depends on several factors such as energy load demand, soil conductivity, and climatic condition.

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Yobby, Jason, Daniel S. Raja e Terry X. Yan. "Cost Effectiveness Optimization of Component Improvements of a Turbofan Engine Using Genetic Algorithm". In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52567.

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In this paper, we examined an imaginary underperforming prototype of a real high bypass-ratio turbofan gas turbine engine that has been assembled to specifications. The prototype was designed and assembled to generate a predetermined value of specific thrust while consuming fuel at a predefined specific fuel consumption value. To meet the required performance targets, improvements needed to be made to one or more of the engine components. In most real world scenarios, the improvement of any or all engine parameters pertaining to its performance is tied to a cost per percentages of improvements of individual component in the engine. There is always a narrow room for improvement in each or all of the components. However, the improvements come with high costs, since the engine has been designed in an efficient way to begin with. The cost of improvement of each component is indexed by a dollar cost per percent value of the component performance characteristics. It is of technical and economic importance to find a combination of performance improvements of each of the components that yields the lowest overall rework cost, thereby the total design cost, given the specified engine performance criteria. To achieve this goal, simulations for a real gas turbine turbofan cycle are performed in conjunction with the genetic algorithm (GA). A single objective (i.e. total improvement cost) GA with two constraints (i.e. desired values of specific thrust and specific fuel consumption) and eight degrees of freedom (i.e. diffuser pressure ratio, fan polytropic efficiency, compressor polytropic efficiency, burner efficiency, burner pressure drop ratio, turbine polytropic efficiency, fan duct exit nozzle pressure ratio, core duct exit nozzle pressure ratio) is employed. As a result, we have found the lowest overall cost associated with the improvements for each of the components.

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Gibson, Michael. "Risk Impact Analysis Maximises Safety, Efficiency & Drilling Cost Effectiveness: Vital in Today's Oil Price Era". In IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/180589-ms.

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Ghosh, S., S. C. Basu e P. P. Sengupta. "Improvement of financial efficiency and cost effectiveness in energy sector: A case study from Indian thermal power plant". In 2010 International Conference on Education and Management Technology (ICEMT). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemt.2010.5657605.

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CZERWIŃSKA, K. "Checkpoint Efficiency Analysis Method". In Quality Production Improvement and System Safety. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902691-23.

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Abstract. The use of multifaceted quality analyses contributes to increasing the efficiency of production processes and quality control as part of maintaining competitiveness. The aim of the study was to identify an integrally configured method for analysing the effectiveness of control points in the context of their ranking in terms of given variables. Verification of the model was carried out against the production process of an aluminium casting. The obtained ranking of the detection methods indicated the MT method as the most effective, which was influenced by the significant detection of critical non-conformities. The study observed little difference between the performance parameters of visual inspection and endoscopic testing, which is largely due to the detection of non-conformities of lower significance and the relatively low cost of testing. Further work will relate to the implementation of the model against other processes carried out in the company.

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Marković, Petar, Ana Pastor, Milan Ćelović, Jelena Ćelović e Miroslav Bosančić. "ANALIZA OPRAVDANOSTI INVESTICIONIH TROŠKOVA NOVIH EFIKASNIH ENERGETSKIH TRANSFROMATORA TOKOM PERIODA NJIHOVE EKSPLOATACIJE". In 36. Savetovanja CIGRE Srbija 2023 Fleksibilnost elektroenergetskog sistema. Srpski nacionalni komitet Međunarodnog saveta za velike električne mreže CIGRE Srbija, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/cigre36.0241m.

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Due to the goal of increasing energy efficiency in the power system, engineering solutions are required to reduce power losses. Although the efficiency of power transformers is high, considering that they are one of the most expensive components of the power system and are designed to operate for many years, increasing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of transformers is necessary. This paper provides a theoretical overview of the types and causes of power losses in power transformers, as well as a review of engineering solutions for their reduction. The analysis focuses on high-voltage power transformers rated at 110 kV, with an overview of energy savings over the average life of a power transformer designed to traditional and modern requirements. The conclusions drawn in this paper can be useful for defining power loss requirements in transformers and for calculating the cost-effectiveness of replacing old, less efficient power transformers with new ones.

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Noviarini, Diena, e Eko Arif Syaefudin. "SNI standard freight software design with social platform media for cost efficiency and effectiveness for product advantages for cooperative found MSME products". In THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES (THE 3RD ICMSc): A Brighter Future with Tropical Innovation in the Application of Industry 4.0. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0113102.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Efficiency and cost-effectiveness"

Author, Not Given. Understanding Cost-Effectiveness of Energy Efficiency Programs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219678.

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Arimura, Toshi, Shanjun Li, Richard Newell e Karen Palmer. Cost-Effectiveness of Electricity Energy Efficiency Programs. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, ottobre 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17556.

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Moncef, Krati, e Mohammad Aldubyan. Cost-Effectiveness of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technologies for Reducing Peak Demand. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, dicembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-dp20.

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This paper describes an optimization-based approach to evaluate measures providing peak electricity demand reduction cost benefits for Saudi residential buildings. These measures can be categorized as energy efficiency (EE) and renewable energy (RE) measures. Specifically, this paper models the existing Saudi building stock using 56 housing prototypes based on types, vintages and locations.

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Caldés, Natalia, John A. Maluccio e David Coady. The Cost of Poverty Alleviation Transfer Programs: A Comparative Analysis of Three Programs in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, dicembre 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008719.

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A common criticism of antipoverty programs is that the high share of administrative (nontransfer) costs substantially reduces their effectiveness. Yet there is surprisingly little rigorous empirical evidence on program costs. This study proposes and implements a replicable methodology for a comparative cost analysis of three similar poverty alleviation programs in Honduras, Mexico and Nicaragua, and assesses their cost efficiency. The findings underscore that any credible assessment of cost-efficiency requires a detailed analysis of program cost structures that goes well beyond simply providing aggregate cost information.

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MIRKINA, O. N. FEATURES OF ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF RETAIL ENTERPRISES. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, aprile 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2070-7568-2022-11-2-3-15-20.

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The problem of evaluating the efficiency of an enterprise is one of the most important in a market economy. Science offers different approaches to evaluating effectiveness, in particular a cost-based and resource-based approach. Trading enterprises play a significant role in the country’s economy, so it is important to consider the indicators for evaluating their activities using a cost and resource approach.

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Shan, Yina, Praem Mehta, Duminda Perera e Yurissa Yarela. Cost and Efficiency of Arsenic Removal from Groundwater: A Review. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, febbraio 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/kmwt2129.

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Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water, leading to significant health complications, and social and economic losses. Currently, a wide range of technologies exists to remove arsenic from water. However, despite ongoing research on such technologies, their widespread application remains limited. To bridge this gap, this review aims to compare the effectiveness and costs of various arsenic remediation technologies while considering their practical applicability. A search conducted using the Medline and Embase databases yielded 31 relevant articles published from 1996 to 2018, which were categorized into laboratory and field studies. Data on the effectiveness of technologies in removing arsenic and associated costs were extracted and standardized for comparison as much as was possible, given the diversity of ways that studies report their key results. The twenty-three (23) technologies tested in laboratory settings demonstrated efficiencies ranging from 50% to ~100%, with the majority reaching relatively high removal efficiencies (>90%). Approximately half achieved the WHO standard of 10 µg/L. Laboratory studies used groundwater samples from nine (9) different countries – Argentina, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Guatemala, India, Thailand, the United States, and Vietnam. The fourteen (14) technologies tested in the field achieved removal efficiency levels ranging between 60% and ~99%, with ten (10) attaining above 90% removal efficiency. Of these, only five (5) reached established the WHO standard. Some of the technologies under-performed when their influent water contained excessive concentrations of arsenic. Only six (6) countries (Argentina, Bangladesh, Chile, China, India, and Nicaragua) were represented among the studies that implemented and tested technologies in the field, either at household or community level. For technologies tested in the laboratory, the cost of treating one cubic meter of water ranged from near-zero to ~USD 93, except for one technology which cost USD 299/m³. For studies conducted in the field, the cost of treating one cubic meter of water ranged from near-zero to ~USD 70. Key factors influencing the removal efficiencies and their costs include the arsenic concentration of the influent water, pH of the influent water, materials used, the energy required, absorption capacity, labour used, regeneration period and geographical location. Technologies that demonstrate high removal efficiencies when treating moderately arsenic-contaminated water may not be as efficient when treating highly contaminated water. Also, the lifetime of the removal agents is a significant factor in determining their efficiency. It is suggested that remediation technologies that demonstrate high arsenic removal efficiencies in a laboratory setting need to be further assessed for their suitability for larger-scale application, considering their high production and operational costs. Costs can be reduced by using locally available materials and natural adsorbents, which provide near zero-cost options and can have high arsenic removal efficiencies. A notable feature of many arsenic removal approaches is that some countries with resource constraints or certain environmental circumstances – like typically high arsenic concentrations in groundwater –aim to reach resultant arsenic concentrations that are much higher than WHO’s recommended standard of 10 µg/L. This report maintains that – while this may be a pragmatic approach that helps progressively mitigate the arsenic-related health risks – it is unfortunately not a sustainable solution. Continuing exposure to higher levels of arsenic ingestion remains harmful for humans. Hence arsenic-removal technology should only be seen efficient if it can bring the water to the WHO standard. A less radical approach effectively shifts the attention from the origin of the problem in addressing the impacts and postpones achieving the best possible outcome for populations. The quantitative summary of costs and effectiveness of arsenic remediation technologies reviewed in this report can serve as a preliminary guideline for selecting the most cost-effective option. It may also be used as an initial guideline (minimum standard) for summarising the results of future studies describing arsenic remediation approaches. Looking ahead, this study identifies four priority areas that may assist in commercializing wide-scale implementation of arsenic removal technologies. These include: i) focusing efforts on determining market viability of technologies, ii) overcoming practical limitations of technologies, iii) determining technology contextual appropriateness and iv) concerted effort to increase knowledge sharing in and across regions to accelerate the implementation of research on the ground. Overall, the current science and knowledge on arsenic remediation technologies may be mature enough already to help significantly reduce the global numbers of affected populations. The missing link for today’s arsenic removal challenge is the ability to translate research evidence and laboratory-level successes into quantifiable and sustainable impacts on the ground. Achieving this requires a concerted and sustained effort from policymakers, engineers, healthcare providers, donors, and community leaders.

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Hun, Diana E. US-China Clean Energy Research Center on Building Energy Efficiency: Materials that Improve the Cost-Effectiveness of Air Barrier Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1343503.

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Soroush, Golnoush, Carlo Cambini, Tooraj Jamasb e Manuel Llorca. Network Utilities Performance and Institutional Quality: Evidence from the Italian Electricity Sector. Copenhagen School of Energy Infrastructure, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/csei.pb.005.

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It is generally accepted that institutions are important for economic development. In this work, we analyse how the quality of regional institutions impacts performance of Italian electricity distribution utilities and show that utilities in regions with better government effectiveness, responsiveness towards citizens, control of corruption, and rule of law, also tend to be more cost efficient. The results suggest that national regulators should take regional institutional diversity into account in incentive regulation and efficiency benchmarking of utilities.

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Wylde, Emily. Value For Money of Social Assistance in FCAS: Considerations, Evidence, and Research Priorities. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), febbraio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.022.

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Value for Money (VfM) is an essential tool for balancing difficult policy and programme decisions and the trade-offs between the ‘5 Es’ of economy, efficiency, effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and equity. While many of the conceptual approaches to VfM and methods for estimation are similar in regular development programming for social protection and humanitarian cash and food assistance, these literatures have so far evolved in fairly distinct silos. There has been relatively little work so far to bring the two strands together. In fragile and conflict-affected settings, the gaps are especially great. A lack of cost and basic programme implementation data hinders understanding of economy and efficiency, while gaps in robust evidence on outcomes and impacts further impede an analysis of effectiveness and, crucially, the trade-offs between the ‘5Es’. The research agenda presented here emphasises the need to build the evidence base on both costs and benefits, and to use it more intentionally for better adaptive management of programmes and policy support.

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Herrera Dappe, Matías, Tomás Serebrisky e Ancor Suárez-Alemán. On the Historical Relationship between Port (In)Efficiency and Transport Costs in the Developing World. Inter-American Development Bank, giugno 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003326.

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Do differences in port performance explain differences in maritime transport costs? How much would improvements in port performance reduce maritime transport costs in developing countries? To answer this question, we use a widely used transport cost model, but we provide a new measure of port efficiency, estimated through a non-parametric approach. Relying on data from the early 2000s, this paper shows that for a sample of 115 container ports in 39 developing countries, becoming as efficient as the country with the most efficient port sector would reduce average maritime transport costs by 5 percent. For the most inefficient country, the reduction in transport costs could reach 15 percent. These findings point out the potential gains that can be achieved from the combination of betterquality investment and more efficient service provision in the port sector. The estimates in this paper cannot be updated because the databases were discontinued and it therefore highlights the need to generate data to evaluate the effectiveness of public policies that are key to competitiveness.

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